Document ykb53GdXQnk6D3jmQBM9e2mZX

A complete, comprehensive source of information on insulation SC-ELEC-03871 f/t*T 3--PRODUCT INFORMATION Section 3-19: Wire. Cable and Assemblies (Except Magnet WireJ D'etc Developments ^ Large-size solid aluminum conduc tor cable for primary and secondary electric power distribution lines is said to be less expensive, lighter, and more resistant to corrosion than com parable stranded copper or aluminum cables. ^ Polyurethane rubber is beginning to find more general use in cable iackets. ^ The "A" revision of MILAU 22759 has been published with re vised wording of the "stranding" paraaraphs which opens the specification to the use of unilay stranding meth ods. ^ A method of completely shielding PTFE wires and/or providing an outer conductor for coaxial applica tions involves the use of thin wall tubing which can be "swedged" or sunk down against an insulated wire inserted loosely into a length of the plated copper tubing. There are length limitations. ^ A colloidally dispersed blend of butadiene-acrylonitrile synthetic rub ber and polyvinyl chloride for cable coverings is said to offer toughness, smoothness, flexibility, and resistance to-abrasion and heat deformation, and to give outstanding service when ex posed to weather, light, fuel. oil. or ozone. ^ A class 130 flexible apparatus lead wire has been developed based on ethylene propylene rubber. Until now, only siiicone rubber was recognized for this service. ^ Cross-linked polyethylene is being used in aluminum cable rated at 38, 000 volts. A PVC jacket is used. ^ A new' family of adhesive thermo plastic copolymers for the wire and cable industry has been developed. The copolymers are essentially polvethylene with attached carboxyl groups. Author Credit This *niire section was staff pre pared. JNTRODUCTJON \Ures and cables are an extremely complex subject. Thousands of pages could be written (and have been writ ten). There is no simple and easy way to classify wires and cables--some are described by form (such as flat), some by general application (such as power) or bv specific application i such as switchboard), some by type of conductor (such as copper), some by type of insulation (such as var nished cambric), some by property (such as high temperature), some by outer covering (such as steel ar mored). and some by voltage rating. Understandably, all this makes it very difficult to know where to begin and where to end in any fundamental discussion of wires and cables. In order to simplify this situation, this section has been prepared with the intention of giving readers basic knowledge on wires and cables--ter minology. selection considerations, common calculations and size data, construction materials (both metals and insulations), etc. This type of in formation is designed to permit read ers to determine where their interests lie so that they may consult manufac turers for specific recommendations. TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS The following definitions are a por tion of those approved by the Ameri can Standards Association (ASA C42.35 1957): Armored Cable--a cable provided with a wrapping of metal, usually steel wires or tapes, primarily for the purpose of mechanical protection. Bare Conductor--a conductor not covered with insulating material. Bunched Stranding--a term ap plied to a group of strands twisted to gether in a random manner in the same direction in one operation with out regard to geometric arrangement of specific strands. Cable--either a stranded conductor with or without insulation and other co"erings (single-conductor cable), or a combination of conductors insu lated from one another (multipleconductor cable). Cable Core--the portion of an in sulated cable lying under the protec tive covering or coverings. Cable Core Binder--a wrapping of tapes or cords around the several con ductors of a multiple-conductor cable used to hold them together. (Note: Cable core binder is usually supple mented by an outer covering oj braid, jacket, or sheath. Cable Filler--the material used in multiple-conductor cables to occupy the interstices formed bv the assembly of the insulated conductors, thus forming a cable core of the desired shape (usually circular). Cable Sheath--the protective cover ing applied to cables. (Note: For power cables the sheath is usually lead.) Composite Conductor--two or more strands of different metals, such as aluminum and steel or copper and steel, assembled and operated in parallel. Compression Cable--a pipe type cable in which the pressure medium (oil or gas) is separated from the insulation by an impervious mem brane or sheath. Concentric-Lay Cable--either: (a) A concentric-lav conductor as defined Section 3-19: Wire & Cable 351 dizing conditions. Tin. which can be applied by a "hot dip" process, is used to protect the base metal from corrosion and to enhance solderabilitv--tin-lead alloys are also used. Sil ver provides moderate temperature protection, corrosion protection, ex cellent solderabilitv, and high con ductivity. Gold offers excellent resist ance to chemical aftack and enhances solderabilitv. A great many alloys are available with a large number of them designed for high temperature resistance wire. Several allovs are currently of interest for high temperature applications re quiring; good conductivity and hish strength and flex life. These include a chromium-cadmium-copper alloy which provides high strength with a slight sacrifice in conductivity. An other. which is in common use. is cadmium copper--it is easy to work with and relatively inexpensive--its major drawback is a softening tem perature of 175 to 200C. Chromium copper, although it has desirable properties similar to the other alloys mentioned here, reportedly is rather erratic. Zirconium copper is said to be much easier to handle and very consistent. Metals for shielding may serve a number of purposes. In coaxial cables, the shielding in combination with the conductor and insulation determines the electrical characteristics with the goal of matching of impedance to re duce power loss of signals or rf energy. In power cables shielding pre vents surface discharges by providing even stress distribution. Shielding also restricts the electrical field of the con ductor to the insulation and prevents external interference. Conductive polyethylenes are avail able tor use as inner layers and/or outer jacketing on communications and power cables. Various degrees of conductivity can be supplied for such purposes as voltage stress relief shield ing in high-voltage cables, as an elec trical interference barrier, and as lightning protection. An electrically conductive treat ment applied to fiber glass roving is designed for automotive ignition sys tems and other electrostatic shielding applications. Metals which are used for armor provide many different tyoes of phys-T ical protection. Properties of typical f metals are shown in the tables on ' other pages. 7 Imutatio* aid Jack*ting Materials *- Quite naturally, the primary in sulation on a wire or cable is used for insulation purposes. In those cases where the primary insulation is the only covering, it may also be consid ered to be fulfilling jacketing func tions. Jacketing provides protection against moisture, solvents, acids, alka lies, fungus, chemicals, heat, radia tion, and physical abuse such as abra sion and cutting. Jacketing also holds cable elements together and prevents contact between shielding and ground. The method of applving the in sulation or jacketing material will influence end properties. Application^ methods include braidins, extruding,' taping, and dip coating. Different , forms of the same material may be . applied by different methods with dif ferent properties resuiting. Nearly ail of the materials used for primary insulation and jacketing have been described in other sections and Properties of Metals at 20*C Metal i Specific Heat, Cal/ Specific 1 GramGravity i C t f ResisMelting i tivity, Point MicrohmC Cm Temper- ature Resis- Coef. tivity, of Resis- Ohms tivity* (mil. foot) per C 1 Thermal Thermal Cond., Coef. Cal-Cm/ of Linear Sec-^C Expansion Cm* /C Tensile Strength, Lbs./Sq. la- ALUMINUM............................ BRASS Commercial Bronze (90G; Cu--10% Zn)_____ Low Brass (80`~o Cu--20% Zn)........ High Brass ::o^c Cu--30% Zn)......... COPPER Annealed Wire (100% Cond)..................... Hard Drawn Wire (97.5% Cond).................... GOLD....... .................................. [RON........................................... LEAD ......................................... MOLYBDENUM.................... NICK El...................................... PLATINUM .......................... SILVER................................... STEEL i^Mild).............-.......... C.7I 8.80 3.67 8.53 8.89 8.89 19.30 7.86 11.3 10.2 8.9 21 r. 1U.5 7.3 TIN.............................................. TUNGSTEN.,......................:.... ZINC...... 7.3 19.3 7.14 0.214 960 0.092 0.092 0.092 1045 995 930 0.0921 1083 .......... 0.031 0.107 0.031 0.061 0.10.7 O.U-JO 0.107 0.1)34 0.032 0.092 ! 1063 1535 327 2623 1452 1 775 WfiU J30UL->i > 232 3410 419 2.828 4.66 5.95 6.90 1.7241 1.7683 10 no 5.7 . .u 10 fiO 12 11.5 5.52 17.00 .00446 0.52 23 x 10-* 24,000 28.03 33.78 41.30 .00145 .00114 .00098 0.45 0.34 0.26 18 x 10-* 19 x 10-` 20 x 10-* 95,000 105,000 120.000 10.37 .00393 10.63 60.14 132.31 34.28 46.91 75 1>.H0 .00383 .0054 .0030 .0039 .0038 .006 00500 .0038 .UU5 69.16 33,20 36.08 .0042 .0043 .00347 0.92 0.71 0.16 0.083 0.35 0.1 1 u 17 I.OJ o.u 0.15 0.18 0.27 17 x 10-* 36,000-40.000 14 x 1 - 11.7 x 1 -* 28 x L0's 5 x 10`* 1 t x 10" 59.000-70.000 . 30,000 1.800-4.000 100.000 1.75,000 RS \ 10" 42.000 9 X LO" 30.000-70,000 21 x 10-` 4 x 10" 28 x 10" V.000-5,000 490.000 7,000-30.000 362 /nMihmon Directory Encyclopcdiit Issue, 11/tv, 1064 eaders should reier to sections 3-1, -2. 3-3, 3-4. 3-7. 3-10. 3-11. 3-12, -13. 3-15, and 3-16 for additional ietails. In some cases, information on nagnet wires in section 3-18 would ilso apply. It also should be rememiered that fibrous-materials are often -oated or impregnated. Highlights of .mportant insulating and jacketing materials will be briefly mentioned in the discussion that follows with refer ences to the sections in which addi tional general data may be found-- since many of these materials are spe cially compounded for wires and cables, readers should consult the manufacturers for specific data. Acrylic--available in fibrous form tor yam servings and braids. Acrylic coating and impregnant also available (mostly for other uses). Other syn thetic fibers find greater use for wire and cable insulation than the acrylics. In general, acrylics ofier desirable physical and electrical properties and good resistance to most chemicals and weathering. For special purpose in sulation, acrvlic elastomers can be used--they provide excellent o2one resistance and good aging properties but chemical resistance is spotty--see section 3-11. Anodic Films--most of the pub licity and possible potential for anodic film insulation (aluminum oxide coat ing on aluminum conductor) is con centrated in the magnet wire appli cation area but some other wire appli cations have been suggested, ine coal ing is thin, space-saving, inorganic, and resistant to extreme temperatures (3600F melting point i. Although anodic film insulated conductors can be bent and processed without ruptur ing the film, flexibility is limited rela tive to other insulations. Asbestos--fibrous asbestos wire and cable insulation is used in the form of yarn servings, felts, lap. roving, and braid. Asbestos reinforced or combined with other materials also is used. Where space is important, as bestos papers and purified asbestos papers mav be used. Commonly, felted asbestos insulated wires and cables are available with all-asbestos insula tion, in combination with varnished BARE SOLID COPPER WIRE Siie*, Diameter*, Area*, Weight*. Breaking Strength and Resistance** Stir AWG 49 46 4? 46 45 44 4j 42 41 40 3$ 36 3* 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 23 24 23 22 21 20 19 16 1? 36 IS 14 13 12 11 30 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 7 ] 1 fO 2/U 3/0 4/0 NOMINAL DIAMETER Inches CROSS SECTIONAL AREA ! ! Circular ' Square Mils Inches j NOMINAL WEIGHT Lbi./M ft. HARD DRAWN MEDIUM HARD DRAWN annealed Minimum i Breaking \ Strength . Lbs. Max. d-e i Resistance' (c- 20 C j Ohms ' M Ft. : Minimum Breaking Strength Lbs. Maximum Breaking Strength Lbs. 1 | . \ ; Max. d-t Resistance fr.. 20 C Ohms M Ft. Maximum Breaking Strength Lbs. Max- d-c Resistance (a. 20 C Ohms M Ft. 0.0011 0.0012 0-00)4 0.0016 0.0016 0.0020 0.0027 0.0025 0.0026 ' .785X10-* 1,21 ; ,950X1 o- i 1.44 ! 1.13X10-' ! 1.96 i 1.54X10" 2.56 ,h 2,01X10-* r 3.24 ] 2.54X10"* . 4.00 1 3.14X10-' ! 4.64 i 3.80X10** 1 6.25 7.84 4,91X10-' ; 6.16X10-* j 0.00366 0.00436 0.00593 0.00775 0.00981 0.0121 0.0147 0.0169 0.023? j i ........... ; ........... ; ., 1 ........... ! ... ' 1 27.0X10: 1 22.2X10* : 17.2X10* , 23.8X10= , 0.0031 0.0035 0.0040 0.0045 0.0050 9.61 12.2 16-0 20.2 25.0 7.55X10" 9.62X10"* ; 12.6X10-* ` 15.9X10-* 1 19.6X10-' 0.0291 0.037) 0-0484 0.0613 0.0757 j ...... 11.2X10* ; 880 674 533 ; 43) , 0.0056 0.0063 0.0071 o.oosc 0-0085 31.4 39.7 50.4 64.0 79.2 24,6X10" 31.2X10-* 39.6X10** 5Q.3X10-* 62.2X10" . 0.0949 0.120 0.153 0.194 0.24C ! L J ........... 344 272 214 168 136 ! ; , ! 0.0100 0.0113 1 0.0126 0.0142 0.0159 100 78.5X10-* 0.303 j 108 : 126 100X10-* 0,387 i 84.5 | 159 125X10** 0.481 i 67.6 1 202 158X10" 0.610 i ........... 53.5 ; 153 199X10-* r 0.765 42.7 ! j 0.0179 0.0201 0.0226 0,0253 i 0.02*5 0.0320 0.0359 0.0403 0.0453 0,0508 320 404 $11 640 812 1,020 1,290 1.620 2.050 2,580 252X10-* 317X10-* 401X10-' 503X10-* 638X10-' 804X10-* 1.01X10" 1.28X10--* 1.61X10-' 2,03X10-* 0.970 1.22 S.SS 1.94 2.46 3.10 3,90 4.92 6.21 7.81 i ........... i ........... * ! ........... : 85.5 1 108 . 135 33.7 26.7 21.1 16.9 13J 10.5 8.37 6.64 5.26 ,.ie i : ; i j ! 1 67.6 ; 64.9 106 0.0S71 0.0641 1 0.0720 i 0.0806 i 0.0907 0.1019 ! 0.1144 0.1265 0.1443 0.1620 3.260 4,110 s.ieo 6,530 8,230 I0JS0 13,090 16,510 20.820 26.240 2,56X10-* 3.23X10-* ,.07Xicy> 5.13X10"* 6.46X10" 8.155X10-* 0.01028 0.01297 0.0)635 0.02001 9.87 12.4 15.7 19.8 24.9 31.43 39.62 49.98 63.03 79.44 170 J 2J4 26S ! 337 423 ; 529.3 ! 660.9 ; 826.1 : 1030 I 2280 3,31 2.63 2.09 1.65 1.31 1.039 .8741 .6532 .5180 .4110 I : ! ! ! [ 1 ! 133 167 209 262 327 410.4 513.9 644.0 .806.7 2010 0.1819 0.2043 0.2294 0.2576 0.2693 0.3249 0.3648 0.4096 0.4600 33.090 41.740 52.620 66.360 83.690 i 105.600 133,100 167.800 t 211.600 0.02599 0.03278 0.04)33 0.05112 0.06573 0.08291 0.1043 0.1316 0.1662 100.2 136.3 159.3 100.9 253.3 319.5 402.8 507.6 640.5 ! 1590 I 1970 1 2439 : 3002 ! 3688 1 ,31* 5519 l 6720 i 8143 ; ,3260 J 2265 ! .2584 ; 1584 .7050 i 1984 .1625 1 2450 ...1289 ; 3024 .1022 : 373) | .08021 : 4599 j .06362 ! 5666 ! .05045 ^ 6980 ........... ........... 76.S 96.2 120 151 189 237 29? 372 467.5 585.9 734.8 921.2 2154 1446 1814 2273 28)4 3484 4311 S33u 8143 26.8X10' : 22.2X10= 1 ; 17.2X10* 13.7X10- 11,2X10* 1 ' 876 : i 671 ` 530 : 429 r 342 110 213 : 168 i 135 ' 107 r ' : i 84.0 67.6 53.2 42.4 i i j 33.S 26.6 21,0 16.8 13,2 ! ! : ' : 10,5 8.32 6.61 5.23 4.16 j ! ! 3.29 2.61 2.07 1.64 1.30 i ; ! ! : 2.033 .8199 .6498 .5153 .4085 ; ; j .3243 .2571 .2039 .161? .1282 ; 1 ! ! .1016 i .07980 : .06330 : .05019 : ...... 15-4 29.4 24.6 31.0 39.0 49.1 62.0 73.0 95.6 124 !57 197 249 314.0 380.3 479.8 605.1 762.6 961.5 1213 1529 1928 2432 2985 3?6d 4744 983 25,9X10= 21.4X10= 16.6X10* 13.2X10= 10.8X10= 847 648 512 415 331 262 306 162 131 104 81.2 65.3 51.4 41.0 32.4 25,7 20.3 16.2 12.8 10.1 8.05 6,39 S.05 4.02 , 3.18 J 2.52 2.00 1.59 1.26 / ,9985 ; .7925 .6281 .4981 ,3952 ,3134 .2485 .1971 .1563 .1239 .09825 .07793 .06182 .04901 From NBS Circular 31. 4th Ed. Calculated per ASTM B2S8*5IT, Published through the courtesy oj Rome Cable Division oj Aluminum Co. oj America, Rome, A'. 1\, from "The Rome Cable Manual oj Technical Information.," copyright 1957, Rome Cable Corp. Section 3-19.' Wire & Cable 363 cambric (where moisture is a factor), or in combination with a thermo plastic (for switchboard work). The asbestos felt is impregnated with either a flame and heat resisting com pound or a flame, heat, and moisture resisting compound. Suitable for low er voltage work, asbestos provides ex cellent heat and radiation resistance, non-flammability, flexibility, and re sistance to most chemical conditions. It is used for power cable, rheostat wire, apparatus cable, lead wire, range wire, appliance wires and cords, mining cable, and other applications where heat is a problem. See section 3-3. Buna N is also known as titrile rubber. Specific properties depend on the actual composition but generally, Buna N rubber offers excellent resist ance to oils and solvents. Ozone resist ance is good and is determined some what by the blend used. Buna N rubbers are the result of the copoly. memation of acrylonitrile and buta diene. See section 3-11. Butyl Rubber--a polymer of iso butylene with small amounts of isoprene. this is an increasingly popular insulation and jacketing material. When properly compounded, butyl rubber is characterized by excellent resistance to oxidation and aging, ex ceptional ozone resistance, and very good electrical properties. Resistance to moisture, physical abuse, and chemicals is also good. Applications include low and high voltage power cables, apparatus and equipment leads, control cables, and various other cables. See section 3-11. Cellulose Acetate -- available in yarn form for wire servings and braids as well as in film form for taped insulation. These materials are characterized by very good electrical properties per unit thickness. They are non-corrosive with moderate to good resistance to chemicals. The film has been used for lead wire insulation. Moisture resistance is good. See sec tions 3-3 and 3-13. Ceramic--ceramic insulations are available in the form of fibrous alumina-silica yams for servings and braids and also in the form of coat ings. Heat and radiation resistances are excellent. Manufacturers should be consulted in regard to film flexi bility and uses. Ceramic beads are another form used to provide physical separation. See sections 3-3 and 3-16. Also see mineral insulation below. Chlorosuljonated Polyethylene -- this vulcanizabie material has good electrical properties and exceptional resistance to ozone. It has very good resistance to oxidation by sunlight, weather, chemicals, and relatively high temperatures. Although resili ence is generally lower than that of natural and synthetic rubbers at room temperature, it is equal or better at 212CF. It is relatively resistant to oils. Cotton--cotton is used for servings and braids. Flexibility and strength are good. Treatments are required to provide chemical and fungus resist ance. Heat resistance is limited. See section 3-3. Ethylene-propylene rubber -- these materials are reported to offer excel lent resistance to ozone and weather ing, good low temperature properties, good to excellent heat resistance and high temperature properties (250300F), excellent electrical proper ties, good stress-strain properties, fair to good tear strength, poor to fair oil resistance, and excellent corona re sistance. Applications include flexible cord jackets, flexible leads for class B apparatus, and possible use in the high voltage field. Two types of the polymer are available--the copoly mer based on ethylene and propylene only, and the terpolymer in which a small amount of unsaturation pendant to the chain is added. The rubber re portedly can be flame-proofed. See section 3-11. Fluoroelastomers--a number of these materials are available and some are suggested for use as wire insula tions in critical applications where high costs are justified. Properties of the different types vary but generally, they all are characterized by excel lent heat and chemical resistance. Five types are described in section 3-11, Fluorinated ethylene propylene--- FEP is similar to polytetrafluoroethylene (described later) but has a melting point about 50C lower and slightly different physical properties. It is more easily processed than PTFE. Heat resistance and chemical inert ness are outstanding. This material 364 Insulation Directory/Encyclopedia Issue, May, 1964 will likelv be used in incr amounts where requirements are ^ ioro constant of about 1.6 is also used-- it permits reductions in cable weight. and diameter. See section 3-10. ^ Gases--because of the complex con struction and handling problems in volved, gas filled cables are used only where necessary. See section 3-1. Glass--glass fibers are used in yam servings and braids. High tensile strength, non-flammability, flexibility, and resistance to moisture and high temperatures are characteristics of glass fibers. Dielectric properties and protection against abrasion depend on other materials or treatments. See sec tion 3-3. . Mica--mica is used as an insula tion wrap in wires and cables to a very limited degree. See section 3-15. Mineral Insulation--mineral in sulated (MI) cable and thermocouple wire consists of one or more conduc tors surrounded by magnesium oxide insulation and enclosed in a liquid- and gas-tight metallic sheathing. Be cause the construction is completely inorganic, the cable is very heat re sistant and inert to most conditions. See section 3-16. Natural Rubber--rubber by itself is lacking in many properties required of wire and cable insulating and jack eting materials. However, by proper compounding and mixing with other products, it can he converted to a ma terial with excellent physical proper ties, good electrical properties, and fair to moderate ozone resistance and chemical resistance. See section 3-11- Neoprene -- chemically, this syn thetic rubber is known as polychloro- prene. Its first use as a cable jacketing materia] was reported in 1933. Its application over lead sheathed and rubber insulated cables has grown rapidly since that time. Although the electrical properties of neoprene are inferior to Tnany other insulations,-- they are adequate for low voltage work. The physical properties of neoprene are similar in some respects to natural rubber but it is consider ably better from the standpoint of resistance to oil, ozone, heat, weather, sunlight, and aging. It does not sup port combustion and resists abrasion and cutting. It is used for a wide work, a specially purified grade is re quired. The material is used in solid extruded forms and there is also some work being done with foams. In addi tion, polypropylene film is being used, either alone or in combination with such films as polyethylene or polytetrafiuoroethvlene, as a cable or core wrap to act as a thermal (during ex trusion) or moisture barrier in cable constructions--and. providing addi tional electrical and mechanical side benefits. See section 3-10. Polyteirafiuoroetkylene--this is the most thermally stable and chemically resistant of all carbonaceous insulat ing compounds. It is unaffected by sunlight, moisture, and practically all chemicals. Temperature range is --90 to -)-250oC and electrical properties are very constant over the tempera ture range and a wide range of fre quencies. Insulation may be applied by extrusion, taping, dip-coating, and in cases where another material is used, by dispersion coating. Both conventional and ribbon type wires and cables are made. Corona resistant modified PTFE compositions are available. See section 3-10. PolytrifluorocMoroetkylene -- this material approaches PTFE in many properties but is characterized by somewhat lower heat resistance. See section 3-10. Polyvinyl chloride--PVC is widely used ior primary wire insulation or jacketing on communication wires, control cables, bell wire, building wire, hook-up wire, fixture wire, appliance cords, power cables, light ing cables, motor leads, etc. Many different formulations are available including grades for high tempera tures, low temperatures, flame resist ance, deformation resistance, etc. Dielectric strength is excellent and flexibility'is very good. Some formu lations may have limitations when considering toughness, moisture re sistance, and resistance to chemicals. However, by proper compounding, these properties can generally be tailored to meet the requirements of the application. PVC is probably the most versatile of the lower cost, con ventional temperature wire insula tions in round and ribbon forms. See section 3-10. Rayon--this is a synthetic used for yarn serving and braid applications generally in the same applications where cotton can be used. See sec tion 3-3. SBR is a styrene-butadiene co polymer synthetic rubber character ized by good electrical properties and moisture resistance. Ozone resistance, physical-properties, and chemical re sistance are generally improved by blending with other materials. In this respect, it should be mentioned that both the synthetic and natural rub bers are not used "straight" but are blended with each other and other products in order to improve proper ties. Thus, this discussion runs the risk of over-generalization--wire and cable producers shculd be consulted for specific information. See section 3-11. Silica--silica fibers produced from melted quartz offer properties similar to fiber glass but even higher heat resistance (above 2000F). They offer possibilities as yarn servings. See sec tion 3-3. Silicone rubber -- silicone rubber extrusions offer retention of good electrical properties, resilience, and flexibility after long-time heat aging at class 180 temperatures and higher. Excellent ozone resistance, low tem perature flexibility, long life, low moisture absorption, weather resist ance, radiation resistance, and corona resistance are other characteristics. Resistance to some oils, solvents, and strong acids is relatively poor. Air craft wires, nuclear cable, lighting wire, power cable, control cable, ship board cable, heat and cold appliance wires, lead wires, etc., are uses. See section 3-11, Silk--used very little today as yarn serving and braid. See section 3-3. Varnished Cambric--tape wraps of varnished cambric for insulation of wires and cable offer properties that lie between those of rubber and im pregnated paper. This applies to di electric strength, flexibility, resistance to moisture and heat, and handling cable connections and terminations. It provides greater moisture resistance than paper and higher voltage ratings than rubber. In dry locations, it mav be used without a lead sheath. It can be used for low and moderate voltage cables. See section 3-7. 366 /nsuiatxon DirectoryfEncyclopedia Issue, May, 1064 Vinylidene fluoride--this thermo plastic resin, a fluorocarbon which is characterized by very good mechani cal, electrical, and chemical proper ties. is currently undergoing long term field tests in a variety of appli cations. In primary insulation and in jackets for multi-conductor cables, it has performed successfully at tem peratures from --80 to 300F. The material can be easily extruded, or applied as a solution or dispersion coating. See section 3-10. Acknowledgment The editors are indebted to the follow ing individuals who have reviewed, made suggestions, or contributed information for improving this section: Dr. F. M. Precopio, Wire and Cable Dept, General Electric Co, Bridgeport, Conn.; R. M. Akin III, Hudson Wire Co., Ossining, N. Y.; W. L. Gore. W. L. Gore & Associates Inc., Newark, Dei.; Leonard C. Decker, Philadelphia Insulated Wire Co, Moorestown, N. J.; and Dr. R. B. Blodgett, The Okonite Co., Passaic, N. J- SUPPLIER DIRECTORY UST1NO NOTE: Plumbers in parentheses toflowing each product covered in this section correspond vrith the numbers shorn in iront o! each supplier of Products listed here (thus indicating which firms supDiy the proouct concerned}. Only company names ore listed here -- see Part t. section 4~1, tor addresses or suppliers. Bold face type indicates advertisers -- tee advert.sets' listing at bach of boon ior poge numbers o- advertisements. ' Products Covered in this Section Listod According to Insulation *nd Jaekotinfl Materials UsSd Acrylic (9. 3t. 3S1 Anooic films Asbestos (8. 13. I?, 24. Z7, 34. 36, 37, 40, 71, 74, 81, 8$. 9Q, ?S) Bun* N (nitriie) (8, 16. 26. 31, 34, 48, 61, 3 SuYii r-ubbe' (3. 8, 12, 13, !6, 17, 24, 34, . 48 58. 61, 78. 95) Ceiiuidr o' foamed dielectric (3. 5, 6, 10. 16, 17 2:, 24, 27, 28, 36, 37, 44. 48. 52. ! 71 73, 76 78, 81. 83. 85. 93} Cellulose acetare (8. 13. 14. 27. 34. 36. S2, 9 Ceramic (4, 7. 23, 35. 45 52. 54. 57. 71) CVnorotul}onarea polyethylene (3. 13, 16, 26, 37. 52, 61. 78 95) Cotton 15. 8 12 J3, 17, 27. 28. 34, 36. 47, 7i. 74. 90. 95* riuoroeiavomeTs ti3. i6. 34} fluorreeted ernviene orooviene (6, 8, 9, 13. 19. 26 38 44 >4. 55, 69, 74, 79, 85. 89, 9 Gas fiiico (12. 36. *4! Glass ftor 12 6 iG 3 lb, 17 18 2t. 27, - 36. 37 *0 43 4< 47 59 67 69. 74 82, 85. ^ M-ca 18 io. 19 27. 43, 52. 74) Mmerei (meanesiurn oxice) insulated (25, 52 85. '901 Natural ruODe- (3 6 13 E6 26. 3J. 34, 36, 75 f; , Neoprene i3. 5. 6. 8. 13, 16 (7. 26. 31, 34, 48 58 6i. 73. 74 78. 79, 8! 95) Nvion (3 S 6. 8 i2, 13. 14 15, 17. 19. 2f. 3 27. 28. 3f, 34. 36/ 37. 40. 44 , 47. 48. 52. i 55. 57. 62, 45, 69. 71. 73. 74. 78. 7* 81, * $2. 37, ?: 95. 98: Z ?i..es {i:. 3t 4t. 7' iSf c: 2 . 2* i* 3: 3C 46. 78 95' ^o!vamioe fioe* (. 13. 14. 2j, 24. 2", 52, 57. 74. 63 c-vesie fi De * f 9 13 1? 24. 34, 3t. 52 57. 74; ove<te f;:r- (8, 13. 19. 24, 34. 36. 3. 52. 57. 74 3 95 ftO v etnv ene (3. 5 6 8 IC 12. 13, 14, 15. 16 17 : 24. 2t. 27 2c, 21. 34, 36. 37. 42, 44, 4t 4c 52 S3 S7, 58. 61. 65. 69. 71, 72, 73. 74. ?t 7 65. 3. 5 93 95 otvethv e^e chem.caiiv cross* inked (3. 12 13 Ic 19 2*. 28. 31. 34, 36. 37. 42. 46. t: 69. 73 75 3. 5. 93 Oiv ethy ene irradiated (, 16, 21, 24. 34, 42. 5 6s 72 7? 76 77 7c. 8 oiv rmae fi r. <85; oivpropviene O. 6 , 13 14. 15 16 21. 14. 27 25. 34. 3c 3? +4 52 49, 7 Bi. 83. S3 98; Fc'vrerretiuoroetnviene (5 6 9, 1C 13, 14. 14 IT, !c, 2C. 2' 27, 2c. 31, 3< 36, 37, 38. 42. 43. 4*. 52 54 59. 73 74, 79. 8C. 8i. 2. 5. 85. 89, 90. 9* 97' 'O:vtrif(uorocnioroe^viene { 1C 13 14. 15, 16 27, 28 3.. 3k 42 52 57. ' `Oivuretnane rupge' (6!; qiwir>y: cr.to'ioe (2 5 4 8 IC 13, 14 16 17. !c. 2i, ?A 2c 27 28. 2? 3!, 34, 34 37. 40. 42, 14. 45 52. 53. 55. 5E 4!, 65, 69. 7!. 72 73, 74, 7t, 78 8C. 8i. 82, 63 65 89. 90, 93, 95. 9) Kcvor (5. 6, i3. 17, 2:. 21 27. 34. 36. 45. 52, 45, ?E 95. S'uce iiotn (27. 34, 52, ?4. 91) Sii.cone ruboer (E, 9. |Q ]2. 13, 16 19, 22. 24, 26 27. 28. 31. 34. 34, 37. 42. 48. 52. 54. 45. 78. 8 82 95. 95 S ir (E [2. 34, 47. 57. 69', $5* (Styrene-butaoiene) (3 5, 6, 8, (3, It, 26. 3 3ft, 37. 48. 56. 6:, 75. 81, 95} Vi'n-inec cambric (6 12, 19, 24 27. 34, 36, 37, 5: 75 8:. 95) Vinv.ioene fjuorice (6. 9, 13, 34, 74. 79, 8C, 85j Listed According Jo Application, Function, Type, o' Form Aerie! C. 3 5 12, 14 17. 19, 2f 26. 27 3-. 3c, 37, 42. 46. 58, 72. 7e. 63. 85 95 A:,cr eft .anc musiie (2. 5. 6. t c . 13 K 16, 17. | c 2C 2;. 2t. 27, 3:, 34. 35 3c :7 35 42 4; A:, .AT, 45, 52 55 63. 65. 66 6 72 73 74. 75 76, 79' ;. 65. 88, 88 90 8.. 9s 9$, A Ov inct insuJatedi (8, !., 4 i, 17. IE. 57, 66 84. ,6: 98; .rati-s (3. .689 16 r, 19, 21, 2c 27 36. 37. 2 62. 6t. 72 73, 74 7a, 6: 3, 9. 93. 98 Appi ipnc (3 5 8 5 !2 13 u 17, ic 2:. 26 27 . ,2 34, 36 37. 42. 4- 2 7 58 . 63 6c, 76, 8. S3. K 85 85. 83. 95 98 A-mOrec (1. 8. 12. !8. 2. 26. 34 3c. 37, 42. 44, > O 3 o 4c 2. 6!. 73. 76, 6!. 62. '; ; ive (5. . 12 13, 1, r 7. 19, 2! 26, 27. 3 . 34. 42. 57, 65, 6t 8;, :3,' 9 3, 98) Balloon i nsulafec (8, 26, 63; Bare Inct insuiatec) (3, 12, 13 14, 2'. 26. 31, 32 34. 36, 4i 4E. 5!. 57. 71 76 84, Bft. 9C 98; Byild i ng (3. 8. 12, 21. 26 34 36, 16, 58. 65, Z\, 98) Cable terminations (I, 6 110. 113. 16, 26. 33. 3*. 1ft. s:. 6i. 74. 3 87. 90' Ciad (not insulated) (5, 12, 27. 32 36. 41, 76. 84. 86; Coax !a` (i. 2. , . 5 IC. 12, 13 14 16 17. 1? 22. 2:. 22. 26. 27. 3c 37. 3 42. 43 44. 15. 52. C: 6!. 6a 6, 64, 6~. 72, 73, 76. 75, ; E5 n. 89 93 93. 98' . .Coiled (5, 6. 8. 13, 17 26, 64 7c , SC- 84. 93; ;7Common icatior (2 5. 6 6 9. 12 13 14 16 .19. 21. 26 27. 34, 36 37. 44. 4 52 61. 6-' . es . ,65 66. 72 73, 74 76. 79, 8i 85. S9. 92. 95. 98; 1'.Centro'; {}. 5. 6 8. 9, 12. 13. 14 16. 21 2*. 27, A4 6ft.34. 36, 37 46, 52 57. 58. 61. 62. 65, .72 73. 74, 79. 81, 83 89. 95 98) Cc'd set s (S. io. 2c. 34, 36. 3. 65. 76. 87, 93. 95, De9ie;s (S. 2:, 32, 44 72 73) D ! 21,Dre: urie (3. 5. 8 12 14 J6 57. 3 i. . 65. . ?6.i 36. 37. 38. 44. 48. SS h 95 98` 17, 19 74. 26 85. 83 iscect ron! C (!, 3, 5. 6, 8 9. 13 14 16 17. 19, ?:, 26 27. 3f. 34. 35 36 37 38 44. 47 Al. 52 55. 57, 6!. 63, 65. *6 65, 72 73. 74 76, 79. 80 ., 83, 84. 85 85. 6?. 91. 93. 97. 98) F.**ure (3 6 t 9. 12 17. 19. 21. 26 27 31 3< 37. 48, S fe$. 66, 81, 83. 93. 95. 98) nflrnesses and assemblies (3. 6. , IC, 13, 19, 22. 2t 27. 28. 3C 34, 38 40. 42. 43. 44. 2 55. 60 63, 65. 70, 7i, 74, 75. 79, 80. 83. $$, 96. 98) Heat inc {8, 11, !9. 2!. 2c, 27, 34. 3c. 57. 52, 57. 66. 79. , 9S. 9. - -- H.ph remoereture (1, *8 9 IC 1" 13, K 16, 17 T9. 2C 2! 22 2ft 27 3:. 34 35 36 37. 35 42 43. Ai 4E. 52. 55 S'' 61 66 67 72 73. 7A 75. 80. 81. S3. 85 6c 8 9; 9: 95. 97 9Si Hion voitaoe (1. 3. 5. c IC 12. 13 K, ic. 17 19. 2C 2: 26. 27. 3: 3^ 3c 37, 36 12 le 4; 65 66 72 73. 76 8C 81 3 85 89 9!. 93 95 98' Hoo* up (3. 5, 6 S. 9. IC. 12 13. \i 17 1* 2C. 21. 26. 27. 31. 34. 36 3i? 3? i:\ 43 . 14 52 65 6c 72. 73. 74, 7a. 79. 0 . 82. 83. E5. 85. 89. 93, 95 97 9' Ignition f5 8. 9, 12, 13 14 16. 17 19 21. 26. 31, 34. 38 52 65. 66 . 76. S; 3 85 98) Lead covered (3, 8. 12, 19, 26 2'. 34. 35. 37. 4, 52 56 71. 79; Lioht ing f3 8. 12. M. Ic 19, 2:. 26. 2" 31. 34. 36. 3?'. 4. 58. 65. 83 95 98) Line (3, 5, t. 12 21. 26. 31. 36 45 5S. 65 3. 9) Machline too! (3. 6, 8. 12 |4 17 2!. 26. 27, 31. 34. 36. 37. 46. 58. 65 66 71 89. 98) Mining (3. S. 12, 1*. 16 17. 19. 21 26 27. 3A 36. 37 42 IS 58 65 95! Mote r iead !3 5 6. 9. 12 13, M. 16. 17. 19, 21, 2ft. 27, y y 36 37. 38. 12 43 1?. 52, 6S. 66. 72. 73 79 8!. 82. 63 89, 93. 95. 9B^ Multi concuctc' [!. 3, l: 6 8, 9 10 12. 13, 14, 16. 17. !9, 20 2:. 22. 26. 27.- 313-4. 36 37. 38 12 4* 4? 52. 55. 58 61. 65. 66 72. 73. 74. 76, 79, 82 8: S3. 88, 89. 90, 93 95 9i; i Piate c o- coated (not insulated) (3. 5,, 8. 2!, 26. 21. l\ 3^ 36 4i, *4 8l l, 86) Rowe r (3 5. . 9. 12. 13 , T9 . 21,, 22, 26. 27. 34. 36. 37. 38 IE. 52 57. EE. 65. 6t 72 . 73 , 61. 95, 96. 98) Radio and television (3. 6 6. E: 9 12. 13. 11 16. 17. 19. 21, 26. 27. 3! 31. 36, 37. 38. 12, 41. IS, 65. 73, 81. E3 84. 93, 98) Resistance (8 1 i. 12. 19, 31, 32, 34. 37. 17. 49. 52, 57. 73, 79. 3 90. 9f Ribbon (flat) (5. 6 8. 9 10. M. M T7 22 26 3'. 32. 38, 1J. 12. IS. 50. 52. 61. 65, 73 79. SC, 8!. 83. 84, 88. 96) Servi ce entrance (3. 8. 12. 26 r 34. 35, 37. IS 58. 83) Snieldsd 13. 5. 4. 6. 9. 12. 13, 14 16. 17. 19 21. 22. 26. 27, 31. 31 36 37. 38 42 13. 4 IS 52 55. S8. 65. 66 67. 72 73 74 76, 79. 8C 8:. 83. 88, 89 90 93 95, 97 98^ Shipboard (3. 8, 9, 12 16 17. 19 26 27 34 36. 37, 12. 13. 44. IS. 52 5 61. 66, 73, 74, 76, 81. 83. 95 9e^ Sion*i! f? 5. 8, 12. 17 2:. 26 27 34 36 37. 38. 44 4 52, 55. 58. 65. 6c 72, 7* 74 76. 81, 83. 95. 98) Submarine (8. 9. 12. 17 2ft. 27. 3t 37. 42. 44 IE, 61. 66 73. 74, S3 8 95,9e; Switcnooarc {3, 6. E 12 u 37 19 21. 26 27. 34 36 37. 12. 18, 63, 65. 66. 7-i 8! . 83 89 95 96 96' Telephone (8. 12 13, |4 17 2` 26 27. 29. 34. 36 12. IS 5. 66. 76, 8t. 8 3. 89. 93 9f 98 The-mocouDle f6. 8, 9, iQ V 25 2t. 2? 32 40 12. 13, 52. 57. 66. 67. 7J. 72. 73. 74. 7t 7?. 81. 83 88. 90 9!. 92) Trnse 1 (not insulated) 8 36 4! 76 98) Underground (3, 8. 12 16 17. 19 2f. 26. 34. 36. 37. 48, 58. 65. 76, 81. S3, 95 98) Suppliers of Preceding Preduets 1-- Advec Products Inc. 2-- Al' logistics Corp.. Strategies Div. 3-- Alcoa. Rome Cable Div. i--Allovs Unlimited Inc.. CFJ Div. 5-- ALPHA WIRE CORP. Ameraee Corp.. Gavitt Wire 6 Cable Co. Div. '--American-Standard, Aero Research Instruments Div. 6-- American Standard Wira 6 Cable Co. 9-- American Super-Temperature Wires inc.. Sub sidiary o* Haveg Industries inc. 10--Amphenol-Bora Electronics Corp., FXR Div. T---Anaconda American brass Co. 12-- ANACONDA WIRE AND CABLE CO. 13-- BELDEN MANUFACTURING CO. 14-- Berkshire Electric Cable Co. 15-- Berkshire Eiectro-Plaslics Inc. tt--Boston Insulated Wire & Cable Cc. 17-- SRAND-REX DIV., AMERICAN ENKA CORP. 18-- Cambridge Thermionic Corp. 19-- Cerro Corp., Roekbettos Wire 6 Cable Cc. Div. 20-- Chemolast Inc. 21-- Chester Cable Corp., Subsidiary of Tennessee Corp. 22-- Cicoil Corp. 23--Tne C.a-*?' Cc Forewarn Frocucts Cc. D:-.. 2*--Coieman Caoie & Wire Cc. 2:--Consc .oe'ec Cor'rc:s Core- Temr-rc- D . 2a--Ce" nen'e_ CcbPft' 6 Sree! jnoustnes inc., r-taiie o WVe 5 Cable On. 2'--Continental Wire Corp. 2r--D'e-ec*r.c Mate-.ais Cc. ?--iec*fosoace Core. 30-- Eiec'rove-' in; Ccmoonentj D>v. 3---ELTRA CORP.. PRESTOUTE DIV. 32--Enoe na^c industries inc, 31-- THE SPOXYllTE CORP. 34-- sse Wife Core Wrre 6 Cable Oiv. 35-- ^e-sritow'- Pc-ceiat Cc. 3c--GENERAL CABLE CORP. 37-- Genera: Electric Cc., Wire & Cable Dept. 38-- W. L Gore Associates Inc. 37--h. P, Hanscom Cc. Inc. 1C--Harco Laooratories Inc. ii--HUDSON WIRE CO.. OSSINING DIV. 4/--ITT Surprenan- inc. 43--Insc Electronic Prooucts in;. 1<--Tne iTnernatsona' Siive' Cc.. Times Wire 6 Cable D-'. 4?--lsO:e-:e M:g. CO'C 4<*--Isolation Frooucts inc. 47-- Tne C. C. Jcim-* M'C. Cerp. 48-- Ka-se' Aluminum Cnenica! Seles Ir.c.. Elec* trice Froouits Div. 19--Tne Kanthal Cc*p.. Sub Ldiary cl Aktiebolate Kanina!, Sweden. " 5C--Ker* Corp. 5*--LariDee Wire Inc. 52--Tne Lewis Engineering Co., Wire Div. ----------------- (ADD------------------- THE LEWIS ENGINEERING COMPANY Nougcrtuck, Conn. Thermocouple wires. thermocouple extension wires, multi-conductor thermocouple cabiei. Widest selection of insulations, configurations, conductors (thermocouple or electrical). For temperature extremes trom *"300*F to 2000F and above. 53--Make M*c. Cc. 54_l. FRANK MARXEL SONS 55--Microdot inc.. Caoie Div. &t--Mirronics irtc. 57--Moiecu'Wire Corp.. Subsidiary of Superior Tube Cc 55--Na*raganset` Wire Co. 6--New Plastic Core., Nypla M;g. Co. Div. 60-- M. M. Newmer Corp. 61-- D- G. O'Bnen Inc. 62-- ranculf Corp. 63-- 'PARAPLEGICS MFG. CO., INC. 6*^--Permaiuster Inc. 65--Pnato Psastics Corp. 6er--Philadelphia Insulated Wire Co. 67--PHYSICAL SCIENCES CORP, 66-- Pies-Ties Coro. 6q--Piestoid Corp. 7t--Precision C-rcuits Inc. 71-- Pyrometer Co. of America Inc. 72-- Radiation Materials Inc. 7^--Raychem Coro. 74--Revere Corp, of America 75-- Rutherford Research Freducts Co. 76-- $a*ton Products Inc. 77-- Seouoia Wire Cb-, Subsidiary of Reychem Corp. 78-- Simple* Wire & Cable Co. 74--Simplex Wire Cable Cc. Hitemp Wires Co, Div. 8C--Soeerra-Stric Wire & Cable Corp, 81-- Stanoard Wire Cable Co. 82-- SUFLEX CORP. 83-- Superior Cable Corp. 8*--Svivanie Electric Frooucts Inc., Parts Div. 8>--Tensollte Insulated Wire Co. Inc. 86--Texas irstrumenrs inc,. Metals & Controls Inc. Div. 7--Textron Electronics Inc., GC Electronics Co. D.v. 88-- Tnerma' Wire o: America Inc. 89-- Tnermatics Inc. 9D--Tnermo-Eiectric Co. Inc. 9'--H. I. THOMPSON FIBER GLASS CO. MATE RIALS DIY. 92-- Tnwing-Afber1 Instrument Co. 93-- ^Victor Electric Wire Cabie Corp. 94-- Warren Wire Co., Subsidiary of General Cable Corp. 95-- 96-- 97-- 98-- Western Insulated Wire Co. Westwood Cable Corp. Wirecraft Products Inc. Wirekraft Inc. ^ Section 3-19: Wire & Cable 367 i I -i rf IJk ff