Document wKkobqaoZQg908xaGVEeMLNO3

FILE NAME: DuPont Remington (DRM) DATE: 1978 Apr DOC#: DRM014 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Consumer Product Safety Commission Report - Review of Asbestos Use in Consumer Products CO_NSU MER P R ODUCT SAFETY COftlMiSSiON APRIL, 1978 liL it \ j c j 'ijTft- .. kc1 K e a r n e y : m a n a g e r n e n i (Lt Hn-cac<?$ exhibit n o .-3l . H, THUMANfGSR FINAL REPORT REVIEW OF ASBESTOS USE IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS Requested By: Dale R. Ray .S. CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION HIA/ECONOttIC ANALYSIS WASHINGTON, D.C. 20207 April, 1978 Submitted By: A- T. Kearney, Inc. 1800 M Street, N.W. Washignton, D.C. 20036 U.S. CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION _________ HIA/ECONOMIC ANALYSIS_________ REVIEW OF ASBESTOS USE IN CONSUMER PRODUCTS TABLE OF CONTENTS I INTRODUCTION II METHOD OF APPROACH Literature Search * ` Evaluation ofCandidate Products Telephone and Personal Interviews Patent Search III BASIC MARKET INFORMATION Market Size Market Structure IV TRENDS * v PRESENTATION OF PRODUCT DATA Index Patents Fact Sheets II-l II-l . II-l * II-2 III-l III-4 V-l V-l V-l  INTRODUCTION In recent years, medical researchers have established evidence that workers exposed to fcigh.levels of respirable asbestos fibers have a significant likelihood of experiencing decreased lung func tion and developing cancer. It has been found that exposure to high levels of respirable asbestos over extended periods (ten to thirty years) will produce asbestosis, a slow, irreversible degradation of lung function similar to more, commonly known forms of pneumoconiosis (dusty lung) such as silicosis, black lung, brown lung, and farmer's lung. Recent research indicates that much lower levels of exposure over shorter periods of "time increase the probability of cancer. The most interesting type of cancer,, from a medical standpoint, is mesothelioma, which spreads'rapidly through the pleural or peritoneal cavity. It is interesting because the only identified cause of this disease is asbestos. The fact that during this cen tury there has not been a significant increase in this form of cancer suggests that the use of asbestos may not have affected the health of the general public; however, many experts question this conclusion since the latency period, the time between exposure and onset of the disease, appears to be 15 to 30 years, and the use of asbestos has increased dramatically since World War II. Cancers of the internal organs have also been linked to asbestos exposure, though, not with the degree of certainty associated with mesothelioma. CPSC is interested in the potential risks of mesothelioma * and lung cancer that may be associated with consumer products that may contain respirable asbestos fibers. On December 15, 1977, the Commission banned asbestos containing gas fireplace logs and embers and asbestos containing patching compounds used to repair or finish interior plaster and dry wall. Kearney has also developed preliminary data regarding" the use of asbestos in texture paints and coatings and has determined that children's modelling clay is not presently formulated with asbestos. The purpose of this report is to provide the Commission with basic information regarding the broad range of products which are, may be, or were formulated with asbestos. The major thrust of the research was to identify and describe products; to determine the amount and method of asbestos incorporation; to assess product use to determine if and how asbestos might be released; and to estimate consumer presence during conditions or activities which might release asbestos. tf*--< f 1AM IX METHOD Or APPROACH The approach used by Kearney was designed to develop as much information as possible about the general attr ibutes "Of asbestos and the numerous products manufactured with purposeful inclusions of asbestos. The steps taken to develop the study information are discussed below. LITERATURE SEARCH --- A broad range of written sources was studied (see Appendix C) This research resulted in the development of Candidate Products, Market Characteristics, and an understanding of the various prop erties of asbestos. The development of a better understanding of asbestos attributes enabled Kearney to identify additional product in which asbestos may be a purposeful ingredient. EVALUATION OF CANDIDATE PRODUCTS Candidate Products were reviewed to determine potential con sumer exposure. As the research progressed it became apparent that most products evaluate#'at this level had some potential for consumer contact. For this reason almost all identified products were researched further and the results are reported so that the CPSC may determine which products present an unreasonable risk to the consumer. TELEPHONE AND PERSONAL INTERVIEWS Companies determined to be the major manufacturers of each identified product, industry trade associations, and individuals with relevant expertise were contacted to obtain basic informa tion about the nature and use of the product; the percentage of asbestos normally (formerly, presently, or potentially) found in the product; ways in which fibers could be released into the air (reasonably foreseeable and unlikely); and potential consumer contact. (Appendix D lists the 409 industry respondents contac ted, many of whom were interviewed several times*. ) In addition to assisting in the development of the basic data, these contacts contributed additional Candidate Products and further information about asbestos attributes, trends, and market information. II 2 PATENT SEARCH ^ .All U.S chemical patents issued since 1950 and containing the wor,d'*',,,asb.estos.*` i5n 'twhUe it-iitlTe- _w_er_e__r_e_vsi^eweJd. mTVhe\ p^urpose'`'6'f''UthVi5s' :' research was to verify the completeness of the Candidate Product lists. These patents which referred to a clearly industrial enduse with no resonable potential for consumer contact and those which clearly referred to a process for refining or otherwise treating asbestos before use in a product were not studied further. The abstract and, in some cases, the full patent document for the balance of the patents were -reviewed. The results of this research are presented in Appendix B. Ill BASIC MARKST INFORMATION The primacy thrust of this research project was to.^develop in formation regarding the inclusion of asbestos in specific products and the consumer usage of those products. Given the extensive number of potentialy asbestos-containing products identified it was not considered within the scope of this project to develop detailed economic information for each product. However, an effort was made to develop market information as the_literature search and the telephone and personal interviews progressed. Four problems were encountered which frustrated the ready development of this type of information. 1. Many of the products identified were not the subject of standard published market reports (i.e., Census or Trade Lit erature). Frequently, published information combined products thereby masking specific product information. 2. When some information suggesting market size was available, the asbestos-containing portion of that market segment was not well enough known to determine asbestos product volume. 3. Some of the figures available report total sales, not value added, so that the total value of shipments included the double counting of sales of primary and secondary manufacturers- 4. Companies are generally reluctant to reveal corporate sales data, frequently have a limited grasp of market size, or when they have developed some market knowledge are not disposed to share it. In addition many firms do not know how much of their product is sold to, or used by, consumers. * Kearney concluded that the development of reasonably reliable sales figures would have required an additional 2rQ00 telephone inter views. During the course of the study it was only possible to develop broad information regarding market structure and size for the large product groups discussed below. MARKET -SIZE ..... . . Over the last ten years the U.S. has consumed between 60.8,000 and 876,000 short tons of asbestos per year;'about 15% of annual use is produced in the U.S. with the balance imported primarily Ill 2 from Canada. The industry typically divides sales data into the categories discussed below. a review of the reported tonnage and end product sales figures revealed significant discrepancies between years in Bureau of Mines figures and between various industry and government reports. These anomalies are pointed out where appropriate. (a)__ Asbestos _____ Cement Pipe Typically, about 150,000 short tons of fiber are consumed per year with an industry estimated value of $85,000,000. The JohnsManville Corp. estimates the value of pipe produced annually to be about $275,000,000. (b) Asbestos Cement Sheet Fiber usage has averaged about 50,000 short tons per year with an industry estimated value of $22,000,000. CONSAD Research Corp.(*), estimated the value of shipments for 1974 to be between $60,000,000 and $113,000,000. Cc) Flooring Products Figures reported for this use of asbestos may or may not in clude both tile and sheet goods. It appears that some asbestos paper figures may include sheet flooring and roofing materials.. While it was not possible to resolve these differences in reporting classifications, fiber usage is probably between 100,000 and 200,000 short tons per year. An industry source estimates fiber costs to be $80 per ton for floor tile and $180 for sheet goods. These four values yield a low estimate of $8,000,000 and a high estimate of $59,800,000 for fiber usage. The Rsiliant Floor Covering Institute estimated that annual sales of asbestos-containing floor covering to end users was about $1,600,000,000. This might indicate, a value of factory shipments of about $800,000,000. (*} "Supplemental Analysis of the Technological Feasibility and Economic Implications of a 0.1 Fiber Per Cubic Centimeter Exposure Limit for Asbestos"; and tclphonc conversations with the firm. CONSAD Research Corporation, Pittsburgh, PA. \ III 3 ( d ) Roofing Products With the exception of 1975 and 1976 when tonnage was reported as 46,000 and 253,000 per year respectively (Kearney and the Bureau of Mines agree these figures are anomalous) about 80,000 tons of fiber per year were consumed for roofing products over the past decade. This figure may not include some fiber usage for roof coatings; however, the total fiber usage for coatings and sealants is relatively small compared to total roofing products. Us ing an industry estimate of $240 per ton for commercial paper fibers the estimated value of asbestos in roofing products is on the order of $20,000,000 per year. No estimate of the value of factory shipments of asbestos based roofing products could be made. (e) Packing and Gaskets For the past decade fiber use in these products is cited by the Bureau of Mines to average about 25,000 short tons per year. How ever, since asbestos paper is frequently converted to gasket mater ial, this volume probably understates the actual usage. An industry contact estimates the total value of the various grades of fiber used to be about $10,000,000 per year. ViestonC*) and CORSAD esti mate the annual value of shipments to be about $140,000,000. (f) Friction\^ _____ Products / t *" * The major end use of asbestos in friction products is vehic ular clutches and brake shoes and pads which are not under the jurisdiction of the CPSC. The friction products market segment which would be considered under CPSC jurisdiction could not be quantified but is estimated to be extremely small. (g) Coatings and Sealants The asbestos usage in this market segment is estimated by Johns-Manville Corp. to have been 78,000 short tons in 1974 and 1976, by VJeston to have been 67,500 short tons in 1975, and by the Bureau of Mines to have been 19,500 short tons in (*) "Technological Feasibility and Economic Impact of OSHA Pro posed Revision to the Asbestos Standard"; Weston Environnjenta. * V . - :-.Consultants-Designers., West-Chester, PA., *1976; ...... * * . . . . ** III - 4 1976. The Bureau of Mines' figure is listed for "Coatings and Compounds" which may not be congruent with the forme!"two sources. Using an industry source's figure of $110 per ton for ro?f r-n?*<^ grade fiber and the former two tonnage estimates, results in an estimate of annual fiber use ranging between $7,500,000 and $8,600,000. The value of shipments estimated by CONSAD and Weston range between $250,000,000 and $275,000,000. (h) Textiles .7__ The Bureau of Mines reports asbestos usage to have been typ ically about 18,000 short tons per year over the past decade with the exception of 1975 and 1976 when their annual consumption fig ures are 6,000 and 7,000 short tons, respectively. Johns-Manville Corp. and Weston estimates fall between these two extremes. Using an industry estimate of about $900 per ton yields a value of asbestos in textiles of between $5,000,000 and $16,000,000 per year. CONSAD estimates the value of textiles shipped to be about $40,000,000 per year including intra-company transfers for use in friction products. Weston estimates the market to be over $80,000,000. (i) Asbestos Paper Products ___ Various reports of asbestos usage in paper products range too widely to yield reasonable estimates. It is important to note, however, that most of the asbestos paper production is an inter mediate for the manufacture of such products as roofing, sheet flooring, and gaskets. Asbestos paper, as such, is not generally sold to, or used by, the consumer. (j) Reinforced Plastics The Bureau of Mines reports annual asbestos usage in plastics to be about 20,000 short tons per year with a value on the order of $2,500,000. The value of shipments of asbestos containing' plastics is estimated to be around $120,000,000..Kearney 1s assessment of this rapidly changing market segment suggests that those numbers overstate usage by a factor of two. MARKET STRUCTURE In 1976, according to the Bureau of Mines, there were five (5) U.S. asbestos mining and milling operations, all but one controlled by small businesses specializing in asbestos mining and milling. . Total U..S. employment was less than 400 in..hese'operations- '.`U.S. producers typically sell their production to other Ill 5 manufacturers rather than fabricating asbestos-containing products their.sel ves. Canadian asbestos mine and mill operations, on the other hand, are controlled by major international corporations, 5 of which are U.S. based, who further process much of their own production. The asbestos fiber producers or miners and mill operators sell fibers through wholesale distribution channels or direct to primary manufacturers and other end users of loose fiber. While these outlets typically do not sell to consumers, it is possible for consumers to purchase or otherwise obtain loose fibers. Kearney contacted 22 asbestos wholesalers and identified two who would sell raw fibers to a Kearney employee. One would only sell in 100 pound bags; the other offered to give away several pounds. The major producers who also act as primary manufacturers produce such products as A/C pipe and sheet, paper, and felt. These products are sold through the channels discussed below. (a) Asbestos _____ Cement Pipe The majority of A/C pipe used in the U.S. is produced domes tically by three large corporations and sold directly to munici palities or to contractors employed by municipalities. No signifi cant intermediate levels of distribution were identified. However, pipe used as air duct may pass through construction industry dis tribution channels. (b) Asbestos Cement Sheet Asbestos cement sheet is produced by a limited number of large corporations. The product is sold through traditional construction materials distribution channels to the building trades and also to secondary and tertiary fabricators for such uses as laboratory fur niture. The secondary and tertiary fabricators are typically smaller companies participating in a diversity of industries who then sell their production through a variety of -distribution chan nels, many of which may sell to consumers. (c) Flooring Products * The majority of flooring products sold in the U.S. are manu factured by 6 large companies and marketed through wholesale, wholesale/retail, or retail channels to, contractors or consumerinstallers. These manufacturers purchase raw fibers, for use in. . vinyl-asbestos tile p r o d u c t s S o m e manufacturers 'purchase fibers Ill - 6 to fabricate the asbestos backing for sheet flooring while others purchase paper or felt from the major fiber producers..or from pri mary producers. (d) Roofing Products The tar or asphalt impregnated felts used in built-up roofing systems comprise the majority of asbestos usage in roofing pro ducts. The majority of the roofing felts used are manufactured by the major asbestos producing companies and are distributed 'through normal construction industry wholesale channels for use by professional contractors. It is possible for consumers to buy these products for home repair purposes. Another widespread use of asbestos in roofing systems is in the tar or asphaltic compound which is applied over the felt for waterproofing. This product and similar products for roof patching and for sealing flashing and protecting gutters is also sold to contractors and consumers. These products are frequently sold through retail home care outlets. (e) Packing and Gaskets Packing and gasket .manufacturers are typically medium-sized companies who purchase an asbestos felt or paper or rope-like product from larger manufacturers and impregnate or laminate the primary product in order to form a packing or gasket material. The packings and gaskets ares sold through various distribution channels as finished products. The major users of gaskets are original equipment manufac turers, such as automotive and high-temperature industrial equipment fabricators and industrial maintenance firms. Since these gasket and packing products are usually made for specific applications, they are usually sold directly to users. The aftermarket for these products is generally supplied through the wholesale channels serving the relevant industry. Packing and gasketing material which has not been finally fabricated is also sold through various industrial and automotive supply channels for repair purposes. Both finished and unfinished packing and gasketing material is sold through channels which sell to consumers. (f) Friction Products The majority of friction products are produced for automotive use. ' Manufacturers may, fabricate the-l'oose fibers into-a felt' Ill 7 block or cloth or may buy these products from the primary manu facturer. The friction product is then fabricated and gener ally sold directly to an automotive manufacturer or through automotive aftermarket channels. The primary users of friction repair or replacement products are professional repairmen; how ever, consumers can easily purchase friction products to perform their own repairs. (g) Coatings and Sealants The majority of coatings and sealants are formulated by numer ous relatively small firms who either sell through the relevant wholesale/retail channels to professionals and consumers, or sell in bulk or under private label to major firms with wide regional or national distribution through wholesale channels or their' compan owned outlets. (h) Textiles Textiles are woven by relatively sizeable firms using pur chased fiber, who then perform secondary operations themselves, or sell their production to secondary manufacturers. The secon dary manufacturing operations may materially alter the product, for instance impregnate with resin for brake lining or rubber for conveyor belting, or simply alter it to fabricate safety equipment, such as for welders* gloves or safety aprons which are then mar keted through industrial safety equipment supply channels. As bestos cloth is also marketed through industrial supply channels to a vide variety of customers. These outlets generally do not sell to consumers, but it is possible for consumers to purchase various safety equipment items and treated, or untreated, cloth. (i) Asbestos Paper Pr od uc ts According to CONS AD Research Corp-{*), about f.0% of the paper produced is used in flooring, roofing and gasketing products which are covered above. The balance of production is used in a variety of other applications. The paper is produced by the major fiber suppliers and the major roofing and flooring manufacturers. Paper not used in these secondary production steps is sold "through various wholesale channels for use in products designed -primarily for industrial use. It is possible for consumers Ill 8 I to purcnase asbestos paper from industrial wholesale outlets. do direct retail sales for use other than as a gasketing material were identified. -- (j ) Reinforced Plastics The plastic molding material is typically compounded from loose fibers by relatively large firms. The molding material, usually in pellet form, is either used internally or sold to the numerous small specialty molding firms. The finished molded plas tic products are widely used in the consumer environment and are sold to original equipment manufacturers, through their aftermarket channels, or through industrial or wholesale/retail channels. IV - TRENDS The overall use of asbestos in the U.S. appears to be in creasing at a rate approximating economic growth. The Bureau of Mines expects the annual growth rate to be between 1 and 3*8% for the balance of the century. Xear to year fluctuations in use, related to construction activity, are significant and are expected to continue to be so. It is worth noting that annual d inand changes are great enough to mask any short-term statistical identification of changing use patterns. An analysis of information developed from industry contacts and from a review of the literature suggests that three major factors are affecting the future use of asbestos. Asbestos has unique properties which con tribute to the utility of those products which make up the major markets for as bestos. Efforts to substitute other materials for asbestos have generally re sulted in products which- cost more to manu facture and/or are more costly in use. The use of potentially satisfactory substitutes for asbestos in these major markets could require a massive reallocation of capital resources. . The cost of asbestos has increased over the past several years and this trend is expected to continue into the future. One * of the causes of rising prices has been the increasing worldwide demand in the face of exhaustion of the economically recoverable asbestos deposits. The industry has been under severe pressure to limit the hazards associated with mining and milling operations, intermediate and end product fabrication processes, and the use ' and disposal of finished products. The result of responding to the need for improved work place and environmental controls has been an increase in the cost of asbestos; an increase in the cost of using asbestos as a raw, or intermediary, material; and tangible or intangible increases in cdsts related to corporate conscience and possible employee IV - 2 and customer litigation. Some large and small firms who at one time used limited quantities of asbestos have, as a matter of policy, eliminated asbestos from their products. - The result of these three factors on the market appears to be selective removal of asbestos as a product constituent. The products affected are typically low asbestos use applications in which asbestos is not critical to product acceptance and in which the use of asbestos could reasonably be considered hazardous. Asbestos-containing products which remain in manufacture are increasingly those in which the attributes of asbestos are difficult to duplicate and for which there are no economically feasible substitute products. As the cost of asbestos itself increases, that cost component coupled with the work 'place and the potential social/legal costs will focys the industry to an even greater degree on the high performance applications for asbestos-containing products. Some information v/as developed during the course of the study suggesting that companies may be discontinuing U.S. manufacture with raw asbestos and replacing domestic production with asbestos containing imports. This trend would have the effect of under stating apparent .S. consumption as reported by the Bureau of Mines, which figures do not include imported finished goods. The trends which are developing in the major market segments are discussed below. (a) Asbestos Cement Pipe The asbestos cement pipe producers are experiencing growing competition from plastic and iron pipe producers. Jf the prices of these competing products do not increase as rapidly as the price of A/C pipe, they will make significant inroads in the drinking water and sewer pipe markets which are the main uses of A/C pipe. The product, however, will continue to find cost beneficial applications in highly corrosive environments. No trend was identified for its use as air duct in poured concrete structures'. iv - 3 (b) Asbestes Cement Sheet The market for A/C sheet is declining due to changing archi tectural trends <in the home siding market, for example), increas ing costs, and, some feel, an increased concern for meeting OSHA standards at the job site. It is expected that A/C sheet use will decline in the future with the primary remaining applications being in highly-corrosive industrial environments where alternate products such as corrugated steel or aluminum roofing and siding would require extensive frequent maintenance. (c) Flooring Products No significant trend away from the two uses of asbestos in this product category has been identified. Some manufacturers claim to have developed substitute reinforcement materials, but these products are not in widespread use. (d) Roofing Products The use of asbestos in roofing felts is being challenged by the substitution of glass or organic fibers. The use of these substitutes results in a lower cost initial installation; however, industry sources report that the asbestos roof is far superior because it requires less maintenance and, consequently, is less costly over the life of the building. There is presently no hazard perceived, by the industry in the use use of asbestos in these products since the fibers are "locked-in" a plastic or viscous matrix; therefore, the cost of work place controls is not expected to affect the market. However, as the price of asbestos and the cost of petroleum (more asphalt is required with asbestos than with fiber glass) increases the alternative roofing systems will become increas ingly attractive from a total cost standpoint. (e) Packing and Gaskets No trend in this market segment was identified. IV 4 {f ) Fr iet ion Pr oducts While some substitutes are being incorporated in a' limited number of home appliances, the major users of asbestos containing friction materials, the automotive and related industries find that substitute materials are presently impractical from a cost and performance standpoint. It should be noted that the market is sufficiently attractive to encourage major companies to commit extensive resources to the development of substitute materials. It is reasonable to expect the widespread introduction of sub stitutes by 1985. (g) Coatings and Sealants Industry sources indicate that products incorporating rela tively low concentrations of asbestos, for example paints and drywall patching compounds, are being reformulated. Many, but not all, of the related products directed to the consumer market have also been reformulated. The products -in this group intended for use by professionals have not been -reformulated due to the more severe performance demands placed on these products. How ever, substitution efforts are underway and new asbestos free products are undergoing testing. As with other asbestos products which may release fibers (particularly in the consumer environ ment) reformulation research has been directed toward low perform ance products and products for which the demand is relatively price inelastic. (h) Textiles Most asbestos textile production serves as a semi-finished good for friction material production. Friction products are discussed under (f) above. The balance of the use of asbestos textiles has been reduced through substitution of fiber glass or organic fibers treated with flame retardants. Most of the asbestos textiles presently finding application in consumer environments have been treated to reduce the likelihood of fiber release. To date, asbestos in safety products is not experiencing a great deal of substitution. The chronic risks associated with asbestos exposure is being considered in the context of the protection that asbestos products provide u'sers, generally pro fessionals, against acute hazards. Probab)y Cor this reason the environmental health researchers, in the main, have expressed little interest in the safety equipment product group. IV - s (i Paper Most asbestos paper production is used in the Flooring, Roofing, Packing and Gasket, and Friction Products groups dis cussed in (c), (d), (e) and (f) above. Substitution for asbestos paper (or mill board) in consumer appliance applications has been extensive and will be reasonably complete within the next :few years. (j) Reinforced Plastics The use of asbestos as a reinforcement in molded plastics has been reduced markedly over the past two years. The reasons for change are fourfold: the available supply of the type of asbestos most widely used became unreliable; the cost increased; :OSHA conrols became too costly; and industrial customers who are purchasing molded plastic components preferred to eliminate .asbestos from their work places and their products. The appli cations which have survived substitution efforts are typically high temperature, high performance components which are not apt to release asbestos fibers in reasonably foreseeable use.  % t V - PRESENTATION Or PRODUCT DATA This section of the report discusses the organization and presentation of the patent and_ product information developed during the course of the study. INDEX All products researched are listed in the Index (Appendix E). "The left column lists* in alphabetic order product names or descrip tions encountered during the course of the study. The middle column cites the title of the Fact Sheet (Appendix A) on v/hich the basic product information is presented. If the product name was developed during the course of the patent search and no product was identified, no Fact Sheet was prepared. The right column lists related patents which are detailed in patent number order in Appendix B. PATENTS Appendix B contains a brief description of the product and cites the inventor and assignee. If a review of the abstract or patent document indicated there were no identifiable products, no assignee, a U.S. government agency assignee, or a foreign assignee, this fact is noted under "Disposition". Otherv/ise, the assignee was contacted to determine what, if any, products resulted from the invention and this information is noted under "Disposition". FACT SHEETS Each fact sheet contains a summary of product data developed during the course of the literature and patent searches and in dustry interviews. Many product names cited in the literature are synonyms or refer to products related by asbestos use or product end-use. . Where appropriate, these products have been treated as a product group on one fact sheet (Appendix A) and cross referenced in the Index (Appendix E). The following comments describe the contents of the fact sheets in more detail. V - 2 1 {a) Product Di scussion Preliminary research indicated that product names frequently were misleading to readers unfamiliar with industry terminology. This confusion appeared to particularly in lists prepared by consumer advocate or advocate or environmental health groups. Tnerefore, to avoid confusion, the product under consideration is briefly described. In addition, the discussion is intended to give the reader a better understanding of the use of the pro duct. The product discussion includes, where known, an estimate of-the amount of asbestos (percent by weight} and the method of its incorporation in the product (woven, mixed, loose, in brittle or viscous matrix, etc.} (b) Scenario for Fiber Release Situations in which respirable fibers could be released are enumerated and where known the likelihood of product degradation during reasonably foreseeable use is discussed. It is important to note that there are significant differences of opinion between measurement experts regarding the amount and nature of the asbestos which may be released from the specific as bestos containing products considered. For instance, many experts feel tnat the asbestos content in many different types of products is so locked, into the product that the release of free fibers is unlikely if not impossible. They suggest the fibers would be par tially or completely coated with the major product constituents .so that they would not become airborne or that the abrasive process necessary to release fibers would at the same time break them down to particles rather than fibers. Conversely, other experts claim to have evidence that fibers may be released from some products and become airborne. A great deal more technical work remains to be done, espe cially in the areas of air sampling and fiber identification and measurement, before tnere will d & widespread concurrence as to the levels of airborne asbestos which might result from any given product use. Therefore, no conclusion was drawn as to the degree of fiber release. The citation of a scenario for release does not mean such activity will release fibers, only that it might. If the CPSC determines that such a scenario is likely to expose consumers to unnecessary risk, then specific effort should dc expended to determine trie actual extent to which respiraole fibers are released. V - 3 jc) Consumer Contact The general product use patterns developed during the course of the study are presented to indicate the extent to which con sumers come in contact with the product. Where appropriate, con sumer contact during periods of most likely fiber release is identified. (d) Sources The information sources for each product are cited. The fact that a company is cited does not indicate whether or not they manufacture an asbestos containing product or manufacture a similar asbestos-free product. Where appropriate, patents relating to the given product or similar products are cited and are detailed in Appendix B. (e) "No Product" j____ Findings In many cases it was not possible to establish the existence of a product as described in the fact sheet v?hich contained as bestos .as a constituent- Since industry contacts were directed to ;organizations with a large share of the appropriate market, it is reasonable to assume that the use of asbestos in that particular product is not widespread; however, it should not be assumed to be non-existent. A decision to conduct further research on products which 'are apparently asbestos-free should be based upon the Commission's p er ception of the risks to consumers associated with a given product if it did contain asbestos. The basic risk parameters, asbestos content, method of incorporation, scenario for fiber release, and consumer contact, can be evaluated to determine if resources should be invested to establish whether there exists even limited use of asbestos in a particular product. For this reason, to the extent known, these parameters are reported for asbestos-free products as if they were asbestoscontaining products. APPENDIX A ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Abrasive Wheels aiscussiofl Two patents cite the use of asbestos in abrasive wheels. The assignee reported that they had used asbestos in the hubs of special diamond impregnated wheels. However, this product was discontinued several years ago. Other industry respondents indicated no other use of asbestos in abrasive wheels. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 20 to 25% Thoroughly mixed in hard matrix SCENARIO FOR .FIBER RELEASE ' Asbestos fibers occur at the inner hub area of the abrasive wheel. The possibility of release through normal wheel wear exists but is considered unlikely. CONSUMER CflMIACI Used in industrial environment INFORMATION SOURCES Carborundum Co. Cincinnati Milacron Inc. Coated Abrasive Manufacturers Institute Norton Co. Niagara Falls, NY Cincinnati, OH Cleveland, OH forcester, MA CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SH EET PRODUCI. A/C Pipe Joint Sealant DiSCU^lM Several manufacturers produce an asbestos containing sealing compound for asbestos cement pipe. Although a special pipe coupling containing rubber seal is most commonly used, sealants may be applied at service junctions in pressure pipe. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Up to 10% Thoroughly mixed in matrix SCENARIO FDR FIBER RELEASE None Identified r.ONSUMFR CONTACT None likely INFORMATION SOURCES A/C Pipe Producers Association Johns-Manville orp. Arlington, VA Denver, CO CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Acoustical Ceiling Tile E.1-S-CUSS1QM Asbestos was an ingredient,in acoustical ceiling for some years. Its use facilitated manufacture and increased dimensional stability under thermal stress. respondents reported the replacement of asbestos with able substitutes such as other mineral fibers. tiles All suit Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 2 to 5% Fibers thoroughly mixed in firm matrix SCENARIO,FOR FIBER RELEASE Sawing, trimming, sanding or breaking of asbestos containing tiles. CONSUMER CONTA-CX In presence of repair or demolition of older ceilings INFORMATION SOURCES Armstrong Cork Co. Celotex Corp. (Div. of Jim Walter Corp.) Evans Products Co. Johns-Manville Corp. U. S. Patents 3,243,340 and 3,297,517 Lancaster, PA Tampa, FL Portland, OR Denver, CO CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Acoustical Material, Sprayed ais.cussm Prior to 1973, concrete ceilings were sprayed with an asbestos slurry to reduce noise levels. Another product which may look like acoustical material but contains little or no asbestos is 'discussed under Paints, Texture. Asbestos Concentration: 5 to 80% Method of Incorporation: Fibers formed together in friable mas SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE ' Physical contact with product; repair; demolition CJmSWiER CONTACI Product used in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES. Vale University New Haven, CT <?SC A SB EST O S PRODUCT FA CT SH EET PRODUCT. Adhesives: Glues and Epoxies niscuss;^ S^eral types of adhesives containing asbestos as a purposeful ingredient are formulated. Asbestos serves as a thixotropic agent, controlling the flow properties of the Product. These adhesives, particularly the epoxy types fp-id widespread usage in electronic applications - Asbestos Concentration: To 5% Methv; of Incorporation: Thoroughly mixed in viscous matrix SCENARIO =0R FIBER RELEASE ^The sanding of surfaces to which adhesives have been applied '.ould possibly free limited quantities of asbestos fibers. CONSUMER 10NTACX Alt-ough a wide range of consumer products "nay contain compone. ' . * 3 which have been assembled with asbestos containing adhesive* actual exposure to airborne fibers appears to be remote. INFORMAT.im s o u r c e s Ab^estick Laboratories, Inc. Armstrong Products Co. Ma^iolia plastic, Inc. Philadelphia Resins C o . U. 3. Patents 3,615,803 and 3,963,850 Gardena, CA Warsaw, IN Chamblee, GA Montgomeryviile, P A CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET FRQD.JCT Aerial Distress Flares D3L5C.SLION Aerial distress flares consist of a parachute connected by a cord to a pyrotechnic device. The cord is made of wire interwoven with asbestos. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: up to 100% Fibers hot' locked in SCENARIO FOR FIBE5.RELEASE Abrasion during launch and if parachute is-found and handled. CONSUMER COM!ACT Product used occasionally by consumers;, consumer find parachute- could INFORMATION SOURCES Gleason Coro. Kilgore CorpOlin Corp., Signal Product Operation, Inc. Milwaukee, VII ' :: Toone, TN .* East Alton I I CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Air Duct Joint Sealing Cement Several manufacturers produce an asbestos containing sealing compound for asbestos cement air duct. However, since air duct is not a pressure pipe, cements are not commonly used. Gnrally a rubber sleeve is placed over the outside of the two abutted ends of the ducts and then clamped with metal rings. Asbestos air duct cement is designed for professional installation during construction of large buildings. Supplied in wet pre-mixed form. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 1 to 5% Fibers thoroughly mixed in wet matrix matrix brittle when set. SCENARIO FOR FIBER -RELEASE * None identified CONSUMER CONTACT Product is used by professional before consumer occupancy. If airborne asbestos were generated within the duct it could be carried through the ductwork and circulated throughout the building. INFORMATION SOURCES A/C Pipe Producers Association American Petrofina, Inc Hydro Conduit Corp. Johns-ilanvilie Corp. * .U'l ..S.* Patent 3 ,2 2 7 ,4 7 6 Arlington, VA Dallas, TX Albuquerque, NM Denver, CO CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SKEET PRODUCT. Aluminized cloth (Asbestos) mcussiaii Asbestos cloth is commonly bonded with aluminum foil to create high thermal reflectivity. This product is used in the manufacture of safety clothing, blankets, hoods, and curtains. Further applications include insulation for steam pipes, flameproof coverings for walls and ceilings, and as a flexible air conductor for heating, cooling and ventilating equipment. See cloth (Asbestos). Asbestos Concentration: Up to 100% Method of Incorporation: Woven cloth, bonded to aluminum foil SCENARIO FOR FI.RSR RcJ-EAS Severe abrading or destruction of material CONSUMER CONTACT Product generally not used in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES f Asbestos Textile Institute Southern Asbestos Co. Willow Grove, PA Charlotte, NC CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET EB.Q3Ji.CI Ammunition Shell Wadding i.S.CUSSIQN A compressed plug of asbestos and cellulose is inter ference press fitted into the base of shot shells- The high heat absorbing properties of the asbestos allegedly diminish shell distortion, thus giving a longer life, i.e. more reloads to the shell. Substitutes have been developed. Only one manufacturer reports the present use of asbestos. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 1 t o 5% Fibers mixed with other fi.bers and compressed SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Should the wadding disintegrate upon discharge CONSUMER CONTACT Product designed for consumer use INFORMATION SOURCES Federal Cartridge Corp- t Winchester Western Div. 01in Corp. Remington Arms llinneapolis, MSI New Haven, CT Bridgeport, CT CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Appliance Wiring DISCUSSION Appliances which generate relatively high temperatures may contain asbestos insulated external and internal wiring. The following are discussed on separate Fact Sheets: Barbecue Firestarters Broilers Curling Irons Electric Blankets Hair Dryers Heating Pads Fanges Slow Cookers Toasters The largest domestic manufacturer of consumer appliances stated that they no longer use any form of asbestos in their products. Other respondents indicated that the industry trend is away from asbestos clad wiring in appliances. According to industry contacts, iron cords and heater cords no longer are manufactured with asbestos- * Asbestos Concentration: . up to 100% Method of Incorporation: Wiring, braid, paper SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Flexing of worn'and brittle wiring. Normal sloughing and abrading of the outer braided covers of heater cords ma-y expose the inner asbestos sheathing of external wiring. .CONSUMER -CONTACT Products in widespread consumer use INFORMATION. SOURCES General Electric Co. `Miller Electric Co. Underwriter Laboratories, Inc. Fairfield, CT Providence, RI Chicago, IL CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Aprons SJLSCUSS1M A.sbestos cloth is used to fabricate shop aprons for workers in the glass, steel and other industries. Aprons . of a different nature are used to protect machine components from contact with hot splatter or drippings - Asbestos Concentration: Method o f Incorporation: Up to 100% Woven C lo th - .SCENARIO. FQR--FL3ER RELEASE Tearing, abrasion CONSUMES CONTACT While primarily used in the work place, product may be purchased and used by consumers. INFORMATION SOURCES Southern Asbestos Co- ) Charlotte, WC CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET rRQ.DU.CJ- Arm Protectors BJLSCUSaiflM An item of industrial safety equipment, fabricated from asbestos cloth, commonly found in foundries and welding shops. Asbestos Concentration: 75 to 100% Method of Incorporation: Woven c lo th SCENARIO. FOR FIBER RELEASE Tearing, abrasion CONSUMER CONTACT While primarily a product used in the workplace, it is possible for consumers to purchase and use product. INFORMATION SOURCES Southern Asbestos Co'. Charlotte, NC CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Asbestos Cement Pipe (Water and Sewer) Discusam The predominant usage of asbestos cement pipe is the transportation of water and sewage. Further comments on asbestos cement pipe are found under A/C pipe airduct. Sealants containing asbestos also employed. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 10% to 25% Thoroughly mixed in cem ent m a trix . SCENARIO _EPR FIBER RELEASE Improper housecleaning procedures during street-side installation could result in airborne fiber release. A/C pipe may be cut to length and faced with portable equipment. The large diameter pipe is trepanned and tapped for consumer service connection. consumer jc a m c i Consumer contact with airborne fibers is limited to the p o i of street-side installation and repair. Industry sources indica that asbestos fibers do not normally become water-borne. "A g r e s sive water", i.e., water of abnormally high pH, may, however, cause sloughing of the interior of asbestos cement water pipe. INFORMATION SOURCES. A/C/ Pipe Producers Association Johns-Manville Corp. Arlington, VA Denver, CO CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Asbestos Cement Pipe Airduct HI3.CUS.SLQ.tt Asbestos cement pipe airduct is composed of portland cement, silica sand, water and less than 20% asbestos fibers (chysotile and crocidoiite) * This product is used mainly to transport hot and cold air and is commonly favored over sheet metal duct in poured concrete slab foundations Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 10 to 20% Fibers thoroughly mixed in matrix SCENARIO.FOR FIBER.RELEASE Airduct pipe is contractor installed. Job-site machining of the pipe creates the initial exposure to airborne dust which may contain asbestos fibers. Should good housekeeping procedure not be adhered to by the contractor-installer, it is possible f o dust to be cycled through the airduct system. CONSUMER- C-QNTACI. Product used in consumer occupied structures INFORMATION SOURCES A/C Pipe Producers Association Johns-Manville Corp. , Arlington, VA Denver, CO CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Asbestos Cement Shee PISCUSJ51M This category includes a large range of products for industrial and residential construction. Asbestos is added to portland cement for strength and heat resistance. Sheet is used in various applications including roofing clapboard, siding, shingles and interior walls. It is also used in the manufacture of boilers, heaters, vaults and safes, and welding shields. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 15 to 20% Fibers mixed and bound in cement mat SCENARIO FOR FIB ER RfcLEA&E Drilling, cutting, sanding CQttSJJHSR CQHT&CI Products installed in consumer environment by pro fessionals; rarely used by "handy men". INFORMATION SOURCES Johns-Manville Corp. U. S . Patents 2,945,831 3,058,872 3 ,1 9 7 ,3 1 3 3,204,019 3,407,086 3 ,4 7 2 ,6 8 1 3,491,174 Denver, CO 3 ,5 4 9 ,7 3 7 3 ,5 5 2 ,9 8 5 3 ,6 6 1 ,6 0 3 3 ,6 6 7 ,9 7 7 3 ,7 5 3 ,8 2 7 3 ,8 6 5 ,6 8 3 CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Ash Trays DISCUSSION Some ash trays are made of high heat resistant molded plastic reinforced with asbestos fibers. Asbestos Concentration: 20 t o 25% Method of Incorporation: Thoroughly mixed in r e s i n o u s m a t r ix SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion or destruction (unlikely in normal use) CONSUMER CONTACT Product widely used in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES Eagle Affiliates Harry Davies Molding Co. Irwin-Willert Co. Smokadore Products Co. Brooklyn, NY Chicago, IL St. L o u i s , MO Roselle, NJ CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Automotive.1 Mufflers DISCUSSION Asbestos sheet is used between the inner and outer shell of standard auto mufflers because of its heat resis tance and sound deadening properties. The sheet varies between .030 and .090 inches thick. Suitable asbestos substitutes have not been identified. However/ through design changes asbestos can be eliminated from the product. An industry respondent indicated that the two largest domestic auto makers will purchase no asbestos containing mufflers . after 1978. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: To 90% Paper SCENARIO FOR RISER RELEASE Puncture or deterioration of inner or outer shell CONSUMER CONTACT In presence of damaged muffler during engine use or muffler repair. INFORMATION SOURCES. American Motors Corp. Arvin Industries, Inc. Hayes Albion Corp. Maremont Corp. Muffler Dynamics, Inc. Southfield, MIColumbus, IH Jackson, MI Chicago, ID Chicago, ID CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET ERQDUC1 Automotive Undercoatir.y PISCUSSIQE1 Undercoatings on automobile3/ trucks, and other vehicles are applied to retard rust and t-'J help prevent stone damage to the*body. These undercoatir.y are asphalt or wax based and designed to remain semi- v i t . The coatings are applied by the manufacturer or by spec!? J.ty_undercoating garages. ' Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 5 to U0% Fibe/=> thoroughly mixed in semi- visooJS matrix SCENARIO EQR FIBER RELEASE Industry sources report th-ot fiber release is highly unlikely. CONSUMER CPHI&CI * Product widely used in con-; environment INFORMATION SOURCES Gibson-Homans Co-. Quaker State Oil Refining Corp-. 1 Cleveland, OH Oil City, PA CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Awnings DISCUSSION Although asbestos awnings were commercially available about ten years ago, industry respondents indicated this product is no longer made. Other flame resistant materials have been substituted for asbestos clcth. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 75 to 100% Woven C lo th SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Tearing, abrasion, destruction CONSUMER CONTACT The extent to which older, asbestos cloth awnings are presently in use is not known. INFORMATION SOURCES Cooley and Co., Inc. General Awning Co. Graniteville Mills, Inc. Ohio Awning, Inc. Snyder Manufacturing Co. Wagner Industries, Inc. West Point Pepperell Co. Pawtucket, RI Cleveland, OH Graniteville, NC Cleveland, OH Worthington, OH Cleveland, OH New York, NY CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET Product Backgrounds For Window Displays I1SCUSS1.Q3 Published sources cite the use of asbestos in back grounds for window displays. However, respondents were unaware of such a product. Asbestos Concentration: Unknown Method o f Incorporation: Unknown S cenario for f ib e r relea se Unknown ` CONSUMER CONTACT Product presumably intended for use 5.n retail stores INFORMATION SOURCES. Asbestos Information Association The Halle Bros. Co. The Higbee Co. Arlington, VA Cleveland, OH Cleveland, Oil CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET E B D W Z 1 Bags Asbestos bags are manufactured by specialty fabricator frc?n untreated asbestos cloth. The bags are used for the collection of dust .particles from high heat gases in indus trial furnaces. Asbestos Concentration: 75 to 100% Method of Incorporation: Woven c lo t h , u n tr e a te d SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion, destruction CONfJMER CONTACT Product not used in consumer environment 1HERMATIO.N SOURCES. Southern Asbestos Cc . Charlotte, NC CPSC- V sB E S T O S p r o d u c t f a c t s h e e t V . 1?^ no Sheets DISCUSSI. Q \ Indust \\ . food p r e p a r e . Respondents were unaware of an asbestos ever, thick vn product called a baking sheet. How- -- surface in vv. "vestos cement sheet is used as the cooking be used in c ovens. Asbestos cement sheet may also processing . vail 'Structure of other commercial food ':^ent. Asbestos C Method or xentration: xvrporation See Asbestos Cement Sheet See Asbestos Cement Sheet SCE^ArUO-B^ Abrasion . '"r breakage. CONSUMER CQ.V Pizza > ' ^ "s are used rn consumer environment. INFORMATION <-\V ^_S. Ekco Kou,.x J o h n s - . v ,, 'Vares Company Mirro JV. -`ille Corp. "inum Co. Franklin Park, IL Denver, CO flar.itowoc, WI ' CPSC ASHES /t)S p E 0 D UCT FACX SHEET RQJ2UCX Barbecue ) PIS.CU&S1M Firebed materi.,; simulating charcoal l are non-combustable blocks frequently they generate radia,,: Piquettes. Used in gas barbecue grills -- are that asbestos c*- heat for cooking. Although indications duced at one time, /'-lining briquettes nay have been pronot the current pra.V?ustry sources indicate that this is Asbestos Concentraii. Method of Incorpoi-! *ft: Unknown Fiber probably thoroughly mixed in brittle matrix SCENARLQ-.FOR FIBER J ;ASE During breakage . likely in normal us,. ".r abrasion , `which are not considered . CONSUMER CONTACT Product widely grills id in home and institutional barbecue INFORMATION SOURCES W,, C. Bradley L\. W. R. Grace and',: Premier Brands i Columbus, GA Cambridge, MA New York, NY CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Belting {Asbestos) piscuasiQg Belting, a specially woven heavy asbestos cloth, is used primarily as a conveyor in the glass industry. Other industrial uses include chute liners, hand pads, cup liners and gaskets. Asbestos Concentration: up to 100% Method of Incorporation: Woven c lo th SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE , Tearing, abrasion, destruction CONSUMER CONTACT Product is not used in consumer environment; however, product is used in the manufacture of consumer products. INFORMATION SOURCES Southern Asbestos Co. Charlotte, NC CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Blackboards Asbestos cement sheet was commonly used as a chalk board material in schools and other institutions. Respondents indicated that asbestos cement blackboards are no longer -manufactured. Asbestos Concentration: see Asbestos Cement Sheet Method of Incorporation: see Asbestos Cement Sheet SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE During abrasion or demolition, which are not'considered likely in normal use- CONSUMER CONTACT. Widely used in schools and other consumer environments INFORMATION SOURCES . Claridge Products and Equipment C o . , national School Supply and Equipment Association Webber Costello Co. Harrison, AR Arlington, VA Chicago, lb CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SH EET PRODUCT Blankets Blankets fabricated from asbestos cloth are emergency safety items used for smothering fires. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Up to 90% Woven SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE * Abrasion or shredding of product CONSUMER CONTACI During emergency use of product in consumer'environmen INFORMATION SOURCE S Singer Safety Products, Inc. Chicago, XL CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET ERQDJJCI Blocks mscussioa. Sources indicate that shims and support blocks for industrial kilns and heat treating furnaces are infrequently made of pressed asbestos material. Asbestos Concentration: Up t o 100% Method of Incorporation: Fibers compacted into block SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion CONSUMER CONTACT Product not used in consumer environment 1NEPRHAI1 PN SOURCES Claremont Co., Inc. Grant Wilson, Inc. S. A. S. Gasket and Supply, Inc. Meriden, CT Chicago, IL Wantagh, NY CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Boots, Overgaiters B1&CUS5IQM An item of industrial safety equipment for use in foundries, glassworks, firefighting etc. Asbestos Concentration: 75 to 100% Method of Incorporation: Woven c lo th SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE * * Abrasion CONSUMER CONTACT While primarily a product used in the work place it is possible for consumer to purchase product and use in the consumer environment. INFORMATION SOURCES. Singer Safety Products, Inc. Chicago, IL CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET FRpaUCI Braid Braid is a narrow textile band formed by plaiting together several strands of asbestos yarn, a similar product formed by twisting, rather than plaiting is known as rope. These products are generally used in industrial application, for instance as packing. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 75 to 1001 yarn SCENARIO. F-OR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion C0.N5LUHSR CONTACT Not used in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES 'Asbestos Textile Institute Jtaybestos-Manhattan, Inc. Southern Asbestos Co. Pompton Lakes,NJ North Charleston, SC Charlotte, NC CPSC A S3EST0S PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Buffing and Polishing Compounds jUSCJULSaifitt Asbestos may be 'used as a binder in paste and stick type buffing and polishing compounds. These compounds con taining abrasives are applied to cloth or wire wheels. -- Only one manufacturer of this product was identified. Other indicate substitutes are in use. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 1 `to Fibers thoroughly mixed in highly viscous matrix . . SCENARIO FOR FIBER, RELEASE Rotation of the polishing wheel may throw asbestos into the air. CONSUMER CONTACT Product available for purchase by consumers. INFORMATION SOURCES . Harrison Co., Inc. L.ea~Michigan, Inc. Haverhill, MA VJaterbury, CT CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET EBQRU.CI. Candle Wicks Biacuasim ^It was alleged that asbestos fibers constituted a portion of some candle wicks- Respondents indicate tha asbestos is not used for this purpose. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Unknown Unknown SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion, trimming, burning of wick CONSUMER CONTACT Candles widely used in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES Colonial Candle of Cape Cod Diamond Candle Co., Inc. Lenox, Inc. Minnetonka Laboratories, Inc. Syracuse China Corp. Hyannis, MA , Newburg, NY Trenton/ NJ Chaska, MN Syracuse, NY CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SKEET PRODUCT Carpet Underlay PJLSC.USSIQM Published sources cite the use of asbestos in carpet underlay. However, -no asbestos containing carpet underlay product could be identified. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Unknown Unknown SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Unknown CO N SUMER CONTACI Product designed for use in consumer environment INFORMATION .SOURCES. Carpet and Rug Institute Carpet Cushion Council Dalton, GA Farmington Hills, MI CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT PACT SHEET E R flS U C I Catalytic Heater Mantles P.15C.US.S LOU The hemispheric net basket which serves a s `the matrix for heat generation in the recreational catalytic heater is made of asbestos fabric impregnated with platinum. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Approximately 100% Woven cloth SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion of basket during replacement T O N SI IMFR CONTACT Product designed for consumer use I NFORMATION SOURCES Cole/nan Co. , Inc. Optimus-Princess, Inc. S. F. Appliances, Ltd. Zomax Industries, Ltd- Wichita, XA Santa Fe Springs, CA Morris, IL Long Island City, WY CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Caulking Compounds and Putties Some caulking compounds and putties contain small amounts of asbestos fiber. Its inclusion lends viscosity and retains, by absorption, the oils which insure ductility, thus preventing cracking. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: -5% to 1.0% Mixed in a viscous matrix SCENARIO .fOR FIBER RELEASE t If compounds become hardened through weathering and loss of oils, cracking and embrittling may result. Fibers may then be released during removal of brittle putty. CONSUMER J t t m C I Products used in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES Deshler Products Co. W. R. Grace and Co. Inmont Corp. Manus Products Co. Pfizer, Inc. U* S . Patent 2,847,315 Deshler, OH New York, NY St. Louis, MO Royal Oaks, MI New York, NY CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Ceramic and Quarry Floor Tile Cement PJLSC.USSIQN Certain mastics are formulated specifically for ceramic and quarry tile flooring. Some contain asbestos as a purpose ful constituent. They are trowel applied to the tiles. The tile is later grouted for appearance. Asbestos Concentration; 2% Method of Incorporation: Thoroughly mixed in an asphalt matrix SCENARIO F OR FIBER RELEASE -These floor cements are formulated to remain ductile. Possible exposure to airborne asbestos fibers appears to be . limited to the removal of old tiles and subsequent floor sanding or finishing. CONSUMER CONTACT Tile cement may be purchased by the consumer. INFORMAT LON SOURCES Chicago Mastic Co. Rosemont, XL CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCI Cheese-Making DISCUSSION Printed sources indicate that asbestos was used as a bedding material for bacterial spores used in the cheese making industry. Researchers and association technical, personnel stated that they knew of no such current applica tion of asbestos. Asbestos Concentration: Unknown Method of Incorporation: Unknown SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Unknown C O N S U M E R CONTACT. Product probably not intended for direct consumer use, however, end product intended for consumer use. INFORMATION SOURCES National Cheese Institute Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation Chicago, IL Madison WI CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCI Christmas Decoration "Snows" DISCUS.51M Asbestos fibers mixed with mica particles were combined to form a glossy artificial snow for Christmas decorations. This snow was dusted on Christmas tree limbs, used in minia ture snow scenes, and applied to Christmas tree bulbs. Product " 'has been discontinued and replaced by aerosol spray foams. Asbestos Concentration: Method o f Incorporation: Unknown Loose SCENARIO FOP FIBER RELEASE Application, use, and removal of decorations CONSUMER CONTACT. The extent to which old ornaments decorated with pro duct may still be in use is not known. * TfJFnPMATtON SOURCES. National Tinsel Manufacturing Co. Manitowoc, WI U. S. Patent 2,821,802 CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Cigarette Filters and Ash Retention Additives BJL5C.U3SIM Cigar and cigarette filters are devices for the removal of tars and other natural chemicals created by the burning of tobacco. Several sources refer to the use of asbestos as such a filtering material. Further alleged is the mixture of asbestos fibers with tobacco as an ash retention additive. Representatives of the major tobacco producer associations stated that, asbestos is not used in cigarette filters nor is any purposely included in any tobacco product domestically. It was reported that the manufacturers of Kent cigarettes experimented with asbestos 'filters but the product was never marketed. Currently, filters are made of cellulose acetate. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Unknown Loose fibers or compacted in felt-like form. SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE t Burning or destruction of cigarette or cigar. CONSUMER--CONTACT Tobacco products are widely used by consumers. INFORMATION SOURCES, .Cigar Association of America Tennessee Eastman Co. Tobacco Institute Washington, DC Kingsport, TN ' Washington, DC U. S. Patents 2,761,798 and 2,7S8,iJ3 3 CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET EROQUCI Cigarette Lighter Wick mscussioa Respondents indicated that while asbestos thread may have been used in cigarette lighter wicks, this is presently not the case. Wicks are now cotton and/or fiberglass. Asbestos Concentration: Method o f Incorporation: up to 100% Thread SCENARIO FOR FIBER R ELEA S E Fraying, burning, or trimming MS.UMER CQNTACI Cigarette lighters are widely used by consumers. INFORMATION SOURCES. Ronson Corp. Zippo Mfg. Co. Woodbridge, NJ Bradford, PA CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Cloth (Asbestos) 321 S C U S S IQ lI Asbestos yarn is a blend of various grades of asbestos fibers and other materials. The fibers are carded into a parallel fiber mat. The mat is then compressed into a lap. Additional carding follows and individual strips of fiber called rovings are separated out. The rovings next proceed to spinning frames where they are twisted into yarn. The yarn is then sent to the weaving looms to be processed into cloth. The cloth is used to fabricate a wide variety of items. Asbestos Concentration: Method o f Incorporation: 75% t o 100% Woven SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE * In many cases, asbestos cloth is coated or impregnated with resins, elastomers or metals. Asbestos textile manu facturers stress that treatment of fabrics greatly inhibits the release of free asbestos fibers. However, untreated cloth may release free asbestos fibers if abraded. CONSUMER CONTACT Product designed for further processing; however, consumer could purchase. INFORMATION SOURCES Amatex Corp. Raybes tos-Manhattan, Inc. Southern Asbestos Co. Norristown, PA North Charleston, SC Charlotte, NC U. S. Patents 3,271,186 and 2,681,870 and 3,009,829 CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Cord (Asbestos) D IS C U S S IO N Asbestos cord comes in a wide variety of forms. Essentially 'it is composed of twisted or braided asbestos yarn. It may :be treated or untreated. Typical uses include: Seals for high temperature gaskets - Valve stem packings - Insulation for glass handling tools - Reinforcing for braided wall steam hose Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Up to 1 0 0 % Twisted or braided SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Cutting and abrasion of untreated asbestos cord could release airborne asbestos fibers- C0.N5.UM&R COITACI Asbestos cord is used primarily in industrial applications. INFORMATION SOURCES Asbestos Textile Institute Pompton Lakes, NJ 1967 U.S. Patents 3,630,012 and 3,738,805 CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUC-i. Curtains (Seed Treating and Fumigating Rooms) D.7 S.CU5SIQM Rosato states that asbestos felt curtains are used in rooms where seeds are treated and fumigated in order to trap accumulated dust and foreign matter. Respondent indicated asbestos curtains are not used for this purpose Asbestos Concentration: 7 5 to 100% Method of Incorporation: Woven cloth SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion or destruction CONSUMER CONTACT Product not intended for consumer use. INFORMATION SOURCES American Seed Trade Association Washington, DC Asbestos? Its Industrial Applications D. V. Rosato Reinhold N. Y. 1959 CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT. Curling Irons niSCUSSIQ Published sources cite the use of asbestos in curling irons. However, respondents indicated that no asbestos is used in their products -designed for human hair curling. Silicone impregnated glass fibers, mica, and ceramics are used as insulation. ; * - Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Unknown Unknown SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Unknown Product designed for consumer use INFORMATION SOURCES Continental Products Co., Inc. .Pearl Duck, Inc. Edison, NJ Garden City, NY PRODUCE ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET Curtains (Fur Cleaning Rooms) in fur v i ,v^bed sources refer to the use of asbestos curtains absorb v -'Uing rooms. The ability of asbestos cloth to cation.' particles is given as the reason for this appli- to thei^ '"tttacts indicated that this usage was unknown Asbtfx^^ Ketiuv^ sVvConcentration: Up to 100S Incorporation: Woven Cloth SCENARIO ^ ..f.ISER ,RELEASE ^WsV^sion of cloth during dust removal VACT howeve* ' "product is not used in consumer environment; cleaned* ' "borne asbestos could collect in the furs being ' ' thus be transmitted to consumer environment. JLMF.QRfclAl U*lX S OURCES. b'v\V 'information and ^eshion Council n*,*?n''-'"..a.l Fur-- Cleaning Co. 'igbee Co. New York, NY # New York, NY Cleveland, OH CFSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Curtains (Theatre) D.13&S5.1J3 Asbestos curtains are commonly fire code specified for school auditoria and theatres. The asbestos cloth used is currently impregnated to reduce fraying and air-borne asbestos release. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Up to 100% Woven cloth, presently treated, oc casionally covered v;ith other fabric SCENARIO F_0R FIBER RELEASE Abrasion or demolition CONSUMER CONTACT. Product specifically intended for use in consumer environments - INFORMATION SOURCES M. Kauritzon and Co Chicago, IL CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Custom Auto Body Filler PJSCU&SIQN Published sources report that it is not uncommon for these body fillers to contain asbestos. Of those contacted only one indicated any current use of asbestos fibers. Asbestos Concentration: 5% Method of Incorporation: Thoroughly mixed in viscous matrix which becomes hard after application. SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Sanding of hardened filler material CONSHMFR CONTACT Product available for purchase by consumers. INFORMATION SOURCES. A- L. Miles Fiberglass and Plastic Supply Oatey, Co. Swiss Lab, Inc. Houston, TX Cleveland, OH 5>olon, OH CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Dish Towels Published lists refer to asbestos cloth dish towels. Association and industry contacts were unaware of such an application. = Asbestos Concentration: Up to 95% Method of Incorporation: Woven cloth SCENARIO.FOR FIBER RELEASE . Tearing, abrasion CONSUMER CONTACT Product designed for consumer use. INFORMATION SOURCES. American Textile Manufacturers Institute Cannon Mills, Inc. J.- P. Stevens & Co., Inc. New York, NY Kannapolis, NC New York, NY CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET 1 FKQUUCX Drier Felt (Asbestos) mscussiosi Asbestos drier felts are used in the paper industry to remove moisture from pulp sludge during the manufacturing p; ocess- r Asbestos Concentration: 85% Method of Incorporation: Felting SCENARIO. F-OR .FIBER RELEASE Possible release of fibers from drier felt under exc*essive wearI or abrasion. * CONSUMER CONTACT Product used in manufacture of consumer products INFORMATION SOURCES. Asbestos Textile Institute Pompton Lakes#. NJ CP.SC A SB E ST O S PRODUCT FACT SH EET BROaiiCI Drilling Fluids aismssiQM Asbestos' fibers are a vital constituent of drilling fluids or "muds" used in the drilling of oil and gas wells. : "Mud" is pumped down through the drill pipe and back up through the annulus^between the drill pipe and the well bore hole. Asbestos helps remove the heat created and acts as a lubricant. When the drilling is completed the mud is transported to a dumping area. Federal and state conservation . agencies enforce stringent regulations over such disposal. Asbestos Concentration: 5% Method of Incorporation: Mixed SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Asbestos is added to the "mud" in a wetted granular form or 'as a coarse ground material. Further breakdown of the asbestos is to be expected during drilling. Dried "mud" could possibly release airborne asbestos fibers. CONSUMER CONTACT Drilling sites are not commonly near populated areas. Exposure to airborne fiber could occur at "mud" waste dumps. INFORMATION SOURCES Asbestos Information Association Dearing Compressor and Pump Co. Gardner-Denver Co. Geo, Whalley Co. Union Carbide Coro. U. S. Patent 3,498,394 Arlington, VA \ Youngstown, Oil Cleveland, OH ; ' Cleveland, OH Niagara Falls, NY CPSC ASBESTO S PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Electric Blankets PIS-CUSSIQfl Industry lists refer to the use of asbestos insulation in electric blankets. The major manufacturer stated that since high temperatures are not involved asbestos is not used. Keating wires are encased in vinyl. Asbestos Concentration: Unknown Method of Incorporation: Unknown SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Unknown CONSUMER CONTACI Product designed for consumer use INFORMATION SOURCES. Northern Electric Co. Chicago, II* CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Felt PI.SCUSSl.Qtt Non-voven asbestos felts are produced by a carding and pressing process. End uses include resin impregnated felts used for reinforcements in high and low pressure - plastics, gaskets, basic reinforcement in asbestos tapes, .,,.secondary insulation in high temperature wire and cable, and asphalt impregnated roofing felts. : See phenolic laminates, pianos and organs, and tape. Asbestos Concentration: 1005 Method of Incorporation: Fibers compressed together SCENARIO FOR FTBER RELEASE Handling, abrasion, cutting or destruction of raw felt; .extent of possible fiber release from impregnated felts unknown CONSUMER CONTACT Raw felt not used in consumer environment; roofing felts installed by professionals in consumer environment. INFORMATION. SOURCES Handbook of Asbestos Textiles Asbestos Textile Institute Pompton Lakes, NJ- 19 6 CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT PACT SHEET ------ ERQZmCX Filler In Glass PJUSCAJS.S.lflM A published source cited the use of asbestos as a filler in glass. However/ no asbestos containing glass product was identifed. - Asbestos Concentration: Unknown - Method of Incorporation: Unknown SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Unknown CONSUMER CONTA C I Unknown IMFORMAXlQM_SmiRCS. American Glassware Association Glass Container Manufacturers Institute Owens-Illinois, Inc. Chicago, II* Washington, DC * Toledo, OH \ CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET _ , iI PRODUCT Filtering Materials, Filters ." ' w # d is c u s s io n Asbestos in various,forms has been used as a filtering material for many years. The surface area per unit weight*" for asbestos is considerably greater than other fibers, thus much finer precipitates are retained. Asbestos filters 'may be found in the processing of wine, beer, soft drinks, alcoholic beverages, honey,, oils, fats, arid sugar as well as industrial products. The industry trend is away from the use of asbestos filters- The major supplier of filters has eliminated asbestos filters from his product line. ` Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Varies Felt comprised of asbestos and other fibers SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE .Some experts believe that fibers could be released into the products being filtered. CONSUMER CONTACT Asbestos containing filters are not intended for consumer use; however, many products filtered with asbestos acre marketed to consumers. INFORMATION SOURCES Cellulo Co. Filter-Media Co. Grefco Inc. (Dicalite Div.) Johns-Manville Corp. U. S. Patents 3,034,981 3,705,651 3./79.7,16,3- Fresno, CA Houston, TX 0 Los Angeles, CA Denver, CO CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Firebox In Fireplaces (Stage Sets) - P.L3.C-U5.S.LQM Although product application lists have referred to this usage no such current application could be identified. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Unknown Unknown SCENARIO. FOR FIBER RELEASE *Unknown CONSUMER CONTACT Product intended for use in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES Ace Service Co. *Ki n g 's Row Fireplace Shop. Cleveland, OK Mentor, OH \ CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Fireplace Ash and Logs PlS.CiiaS.LQM Asbestos was previously used to decorate logs and ash in gas fired fireplaces- The industry ceased production of asbestos containing emberizing material in mid-1977. The CPSC banned this use of asbestos, Decentber 15, 1977 (16 CFn 1305) Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Up to 100% Powder, Fiber SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Stirring of logs, cleaning of fireplace CONSUMER CONIACI A consumer directed product INFORMATION SOURCES. CPSC Washington, DC CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Fire-starters and Barbecue-lighters DISCUSSION Coil type barbecue grill fire-starters which frequently contain small" fans to speed the ignition on the charcoal were alleged to contain asbestos insulation. Magnesium oxide is the only insulating material used in these products accord-_ing to the leading manufacturers. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Unknown Unknown SCENARIO EOR FI3H.R RELEASE Unknown CONSUMER CONTACT Products designed for consumer use INFORMATION SOURCES Meteor, Inc. Mr. Bartender Products, Inc. Paramount Wire Products Monrovia, CA Florence, KY Alhambra, CA \ CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Flashing Cement P.ISCUSSLQH - Asbestos fibers are used as binders and fillers in asphalt-type flashing cements. These cements are formulated to remain semi-viscous. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 15% to 45% Fibers thoroughly mixed in semi-viscous' matrix. SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Although these cements generally remain pliable hardening, cracking, and sloughing could occur in older structures. CONSUMER CONTACT Presence during repair or demolition of older commercial or residential structures. INFORMATION SOURCES American Petrofina, Inc. Gardner-Martin Asphalt Corp. Macco Div. SCM Corp. Tremco Manufacturing Co. Dallas, TX Tampa, FL fcleveland, OH Cleveland, OH CFSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET P.RQ.U.CJ. F lower Pots .DISCUSSION A patent was issued for the fabrication of asbestos ^containing flower pots. Assignee reported that product -was never manufactured. Asbestos Concentration: Unknown " ' . Method of Incorporation: Fibers thoroughly mixed in hard matrix .SCE*NARIO.FOR FIBER RELEASE Breakage, abras ion COH$UttR.,Cam&L Product designed for consumer use I NFORMATION..SOURCES. Johns-Manville CorpU. S. Patent No. 2,939,247 Denver, CO CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Friction Materials DISCUSS.! QN Clutch plates and brake linings contain asbestos bound in resins. Respondents indicated that fibers are mechanically and thermally altered to a non-fibrous form during product use. However, some sources, indicate that unaltered fibers can be emitted during use of the product. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 3.0 to 70% Fibers generally in felt or cloth form impregnated with resin SCENARIO F-OR FIBER RELEASE * During use fibers may be emitted to the atmosphere or * emitted and retained by related mechanical parts and released to atmosphere during repair or replacement operations. CONMJMFR CONTACT Consumers occasionally repair product incorporating asbestos friction materials; consumers may be present during commercial repair activity. INFORMATION SOURCES Environmental Sciences Laboratory lit- Sinai School of Medicine ^ New Yorl:, NY Johns-Manville Corp. * Denver, CO Union Carbide Corp. Nov.* Yor3t, NY CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Furnace Cements PISCUSSlfiE* Furnace cements are commonly composed of asbestos, sodium silicate, calcium carbonate and water. They are used in the repair'of furnace fire brick and fireplace brick. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 8 to 10% Thoroughly mixed in viscous matrix which becomes brittle in use SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE During demolition of older furnaces or fireplaces CONSUMER CONTACT Not intended for consumer market- - can be purchased, however, by consumer through heating supply outlets. INFORMATION SOURCES Nebel Products Manufacturing Co. Pecora chemical Corp. Cleveland, OH Harleysviile, PA CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET ER.QP.UQI Garbage Incinerators (Residential) fiscussm Respondents indicated that the home'incinerator firebox no longer contains asbestos. The insulation between the inner and outer steel shells of the firebox is generally -- fiberglass or a heat resistant composition material. Fire door seals are of similar materials. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Unknown Unknown SCENARIO FOR FIBER.RELEASE Destruction of older incinerators which incorporated asbestos insulation. CONSUMER CONTACT In presence of destruction of asbestos insulated incinerator INFORMATION SOURCES Calcinator Corp. Locke Stove Co. Bay City, MX Kansas City, MO CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Glazing Compound aisc.ussip.ia Some glazing compounds contain small amounts of asbestos fiber. Its inclusion prevents cracking as the compound dries Asbestos Concentration: 2% Method of Incorporation: Thoroughly mixed in viscous matrix SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE The compound becomes hard with age and dust could occur during removal of old compound. CONSUMER CPHJAC1 Product directed to consumer market INFORMATION SOURCES Deshler Products Co. Perfection Molded Products Tremco Manufacturing Co. Deshler, OH Chicago# IL Cleveland, OH CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET < PRODUCT Hair Dryers niscu.ss.iQa Asbestos wrapped external cords and internal wiring are common in hand held and hood type hair dryers. One manufacturer reported that the barrel lining for their hand "held dryer was made'of U.Ii. listed asbestos paper. However this manufacturer reports that mica is being substituted for asbestos in future production. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 85 t o 90% See wiring and asbestos paper SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE . Curing breakage or repair CONSUMER CONTACT . Product is designed for consumer use; however, likelihood of consumer repair is felt to be remote - .INFORMATION .SOURCES. Continental Products Co., Inc. General Electric Co. .Housewares Div. Hamilton-Beach Division of Scovili Manufacturing Co. North American Phillips . . ; C o r p . CNorelco) *,.* Pearl Duck/ Inc.* Edison, NJ Bridgeport, CT Watcrbury, T New York,*NY *' Garden City, NY CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PROTECT Kay Curing DISCUSSLOR Industry lists alleged the use of asbestos cloth to preserve the aroma and color of hay during the curing process. Association contacts indicated that although good color and aroma are essential'qualities of prime hay, they knew of no usage of asbestos cloth to maintain these properties. Asbestos Concentration: Up to 100% Method of Incorporation: Woven cloth SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Abras ion, destruction ; -C.QtiSWcR CONTACT . ' Product not intended for consumer use INFORMATION SOURCES. American Forage and Grass Council National Hay Association, Inc. ................... / t Lexington, KY Jackson, 1 1 1 I CPSCASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Heating Pads DISCUSSION Two types of heating pad wiring are presently produced. Vinyl clad wiring is most widely used. At lesjt, one heating '' pad manufacturer uses an element wide sheathed/ iran asbestos ^sleeve. -"* Asbestos Concentration: 85% Method of Incorporation: Woven SCENARIO.. FOR FIBER RELEASE Tearing of the heating pad could expose the asbestos clad wiring. n.-/v . CONSUMER CONTACT Only one manufacturer reported that ho used asbestos clad heating wires in his heating pads. This product is sold exclusively in Canada. His share of the total mar3cet is small Domestic consumer exposure appears to be slight. INFORMATION SOURCES. Kaz, Inc. Oster Corp. Sunbeam Appliance, Div. of Sunbeam Corp New York, NY Milwaukee, WI Oak Brook, II ---------C P S C A SB E ST O S' P E O D U C F A C T S H E E T PRODUCT Ironing Board Pads and Covers Discussion In the .past ironing board covers*and pads commonly were made of asbestos cloth because of its high heat resistance and durability. No ironing board cover manu f a c t urer indicated that asbestos was currently used in the consumer market products. However, asbestos containing commercial covers are still being manufactured. f "*.*`S**> Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: * Up to 100% Woven Cloth SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE .Iv-v-'''Abrasion, fraying .CQ.N5.UE1SR c o m a Product was widely sold to the consumer market. INFORMATION SOURCES - -Gibraltar Industries Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc. Gem, Inc. Wagner Manufacturing Co. . Magla Products . Ironees Co. * ** i" - '-TV, Brooklyn, NY Trumbull, CT 'Byhalia, MS Sidney, OH Irvington, NJ Philadelphia, PA PSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PHQPV41 Laboratory Table Tops . * . . . . . .. ' Asbestos cement sheet is commonly used for scientific .table tops because of its high resistance to heat and chemical _attac^ These table.'tops are frequently coated or painted .-with /,*at re*sistant materials. `. A*4.sstos Concentration: ^fihod of Incorporation: 10% to 25% See Asbestos Cement _ Sheet for fiber release fitting, abrasion and demolition CflttSHteS CONTACT 1 7 'oduct widely used in schools and other consumer environment IMFSBElTION SOURCES .^colet, Inc. Ambler, PA CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET 'PRODUCT Lamp Mantles DISCUSS IOH " Lamp'mantles occur in kerosene and butane recrea tional outdoor lanterns. They are essentially small rayon . .net bags which confine burning to a limited area, creating 'luminescence. These mantles are attached to the neck of the -- lamp by a small asbestos cord. Asbestos Concentration: Up to 100% Method of Incorporation: Yarn SCENARIO FDR .FIBER RELEASE . . Abrading cord during replacement CONSUMER CONTACT " Product designed fox; consumer "use? mantles require frequent replacement INFORMATION SOURCES Coleman Co., Inc. Wichita, KS CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET ' . ! .. PRODUCT Lamp Sockets mscu&siQtt Asbestos may be a purposeful inclusion in two components of some lamp sockets. The body of the socket proper may be asbestos phenolic molded plastic. The "cardboard" insulating tube may be asbestos coated. Industry respondents indicated that the trend is to eliminate asbestos from both components due to strict OSHA requirements.. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 15% to ..90% Various SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion or Destruction CONSUMER CONTACT v' . Presence during abrasion or destruction. INFORMATION SOURCES Circle F Corporation Harvey Hubbell Inc. Bryant Electric Div. Leviton Mfg. Co. Inc. . ; Westinghousp Trenton , NJ Bridgeport, CT Bridgeport, CT Little Neck, NY * N. ......... C P S C A S B E S T O S PRO DUCT F A C T SH E E T PRODUCT Linings For Safes and Filing Cabinets D.ISCUS..S1Q& : Because of its heat resistance asbestos in various forms was used in safes and filing cabinets- Presently most safes and filing equipment are lined with vermiculite containing cements. Some home wall safes are lined with asbestos sheet. This lining is generally painted or coated for appearance. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Up to 100% Fibers matted together SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion of inner lining, which is not considered likely in normal use; demolition ' CONSUMER CQMTACI - . - ^ *;./* Product used in consumer environment INEORHAIION SOURCES Diebold, IncHosier Safe Co. Schwab Safe Co. Canton, OH Hamilton, OH ' Lafayette, IN . CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Lumber MSCUSSJLfitt Published sources refer to asbestos lumber. However, no product referred to as asbestos lumber could be identified. Asbestos Concentration: Unknown Method of Incorporation: Unknown SCENABI.O..F.QF...FIBER .RELEASE 'Unknown CONSUMER CONTACT Unknown INFORMATION SOURCES. Germain Timber Co. Hardwoods Lumber Co. National Gypsum Co. United States Gypsum Co. /British Patent 1,289*465' *. * Pittsburgh, PA Cleveland, OH Buffalo, NY Chicago, IL ,, CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Mailbags piscus s i m Mailbags were alleged to have been made of asbestos. Manufacturers of mailbags indicated asbestos is not used. Fabrics employed include nylon/ cotton, and combinations of the two. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Up to 100% Woven cloth SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE A b r a s i o n ,tearing CONSUMER CONTACT Product is used in consumer environment 'INFORMATION SOURCES Gibraltar Industries, Inc. Prison Industries, Inc. Steele Canvas Basket Co., Inc. Brooklyn, NY Atlanta, GA Cambridge, MA :' CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET ----- - i , lI . fiaa.tici Mastic DISCUSSIOii . These viscous substances are used as an adhesive for the placement of tilest felts, etc. The presence of asbestos reduces crazing, shrinkage and embrittlement. Asbestos Concentration: 5 to 60% -- - Method of Incorporation: Thoroughly mixed in asphalt matrix SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE ; , Since asbestos as an additive reduces embrittlement the danger of free fiber exposure appears limited. CONSUMER . c o m a _ Mastics are readily available to' the consumer. INFORMATION SOURCES Chicago Mastic Co. 'Chicago r\ IL . lii CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Mats {for Gas Stove Burners) PJ.S.CUS.SlQli - '- Burner mats are circular sheets of asbestos millboard used to provide an even heat surface to burners' on gas stoves .,,The millboard is generally encircled by a metal ring. These were formerly common kitchen items. However, few manufac turers still make burner mats. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 85% Pressed board SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion or destruction f.OWSHHFR CONTACT During use or destruction INFORMATION SOURCES Aristo-Mat, Inc. `Chicago, XL Ballanoff Home Products Co-, # . Div. of Pentron Industries,Inc. Cleveland, OH CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET t PRODUCT Metal Deadener DISCUSSION Closely related in composition to automobile undercoating metal deadener is known as "Dum-Dum" in the trade. As used on the inside of fenders, doors, hoods, etc., it serves to muffle ~__road, vibration, and engine noises. The product is designed to remain semi-viscous. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 10% Thoroughly mixed in asphalt SCENARIO FDR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion if material hardened CONSUMER CONTACT. Applied .to automobiles during manufacture INFORMAT 1ON SOURCES. Gibson-Homans Co. Quaker State Oil Refining Corp. Cleveland,OH Oil Cityr PA CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET . PRODUCT Millboard Rl3US5.I.Qtt Asbestos millboard is essentially thick asbestos paper used for thermal and electrical insulation. Industrial uses include: Electric switch boxes Gaskets, plain and metallic Washers in electrical apparatus Ovens and dry kilns Paddles in glass mills Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: up to 85% Fibers inter-locked, no matrix SCENARIO F_OR FIBER. RELEASE *Abrasion o r .destruction CONSUMER CONTACT Product is generally incorporated into industrial products and is not designed for sale to consumers. However, see also rtisserie broilers, toasters, and mats. INFORMATION SOURCES Johns-Manville Corp. Denver, CO CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT. Molded Plastics niacjussim Asbestos fibers are used in molded plastics to impart impact and tensile strength, heat and chemical resistance. Industry contacts indicate a dramatic reduction in the use of asbestos for this purpose. Substitutes include talc which may contain asbestos contaminates- Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 5 t o 50% Fibers are thoroughly mixed in hard to brittle matrix. SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Sanding or abrading: no product identified which would .be sanded or abraded in foreseeable use CONSUMER CQMTACI Products widely used in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES Johns--Manville Corp. Plastics Engineering Co. ' Rogers Corp. U. S. Patents 2,945,831 3,322,549 3,356,554 Denver, CO Sheboygan, MI Rogers, CT 3 ,5 7 2 ,8 6 3 3 ,6 4 9 ,5 9 2 3 ,9 2 8 ,2 7 7 CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET, I t PRODUCT Motion Picture Screens PJLS.CU.SS1QM Motion picture screens were allegedly made of asbestos cloth for fire safety reasons. Industry respondents said that asbestos is no longer used in the manufacture of movie screens for home, institutional or theatre usage. Presently vinyl laminated fiberglass `cloth is used exclusively. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Up to 100% Woven c lo th SCENARIO.. FOR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion, demolition C.QJi51iaER..CafclTACI Quantity of older, asbestos containing, presently in use unknown. screens INFORMATION SOURCES. Da-Lite Screen Co., Inc. Duracote Corp. Warsaw, IN Kayenna, OH CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Padding (in Prison Cells, Mental Institutions Etc.) ai.scusgi.QM Several product lists refer to this use of asbestos. However, industry and institutional sources indicated that these products are fabricated from cotton cloth and batting treated with flame retardants. 'Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Unknown Unknown SCENARIO 0 R FIBER RELEASE ' Abrasion, tearing CONSUMEE CONIACI. Product designed for use in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES County of Cuyahoga Penal Industries, Inc. Raybestos-Manhattari Corp. State of Ohio Auditor's Office Penal Industries * * .- Rehabilitation -Services Union Wadding Co.' Cleveland, OH Atlanta, GA Charleston, SC Columbus, OH Pawtucket, RI CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Paper (Asbestos) Bis.cus.sioa . . - Asbestos paper is a widely used product which may contain, in addition to asbestos fibers, cellulose, glass fiber, and sealers. Asbestos content may vary from 5% to nearly 100%. A common usage of asbestos paper is as an insulation in the electrical industry. Coarse grades are used in roofing felts. Latex-bound asbestos papers are used as underlayments for vinyl sheet flooring. Automobile engine head gaskets are made of asbestos paper and other laminates. See appliance Wiring, Felt, Millboard, Phenolic Caminates, and Sheet Flooring. Asbestos Concentration: Up t o 90% Method of Incorporation: F i b e r s in t e r lo c k e d in p a p e r form SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Possible fiber release could occur during any dis ruption of the integrity of the paper material. CONSUMER. COITACI Product generally undergoes further manufacturing steps;* INFORMATION SOURCES Boise Cascade Corp. Manning Paper Co-', Div. of - Hammermi11 Paper Co. Mead Corp., Specialty Paper Div. Beaver Falls, NY Troy, NY South Lee, MA *,193,-446 ; * - 3;'480;B4.7- 3,269,889 ' 3,654,073 3.337,392 3,713,925 CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Paving Material . DISCUSSION Where extra strength and resistance to surface cracking may be required, asbestos short fibers may be added to asphalt paving materials. Asbestos Concentration: 5% to 15% , j Method of Incorporation: Thoroughly mixed in viscous matrix. i i 7W . ' . i | ' SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE `,, ' ......... Abrasion or leaching of paved surface. CONSUMES. CONTACT 1 . ' . Extent to which asbestos containing road surfaces are in use was not determined. INFORMATION SOURCES Johns-Manville Corp. Denver, CO // . 1 CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET . I ..I-* PRODUCT Paints ;- . C1SCUSS-L0M ' . Allegedly asbestos fibers were added to certain paint formulations as a pigment adherence agent. Major industry sources indicated that this is not the current practice. Asbestos Concentration: Method o f Incorporation: Unknown Thoroughly mixed in liquid SCENARIO EOR FIBER. RELEASE Sanding or abrasion of old paint CONSUMER CONTACT Product directed to consumer market m o m m m sources Benjamin Moore & Co. Desoto, Xnc. Fuller-01Brien Corp. PPG Industries, Inc. Sherwin-Williams Co. Union Carbide Corp. Montvale, NJ Des Plaines, IL South Bend, IND Pittsburgh, PA Chicago, IL Niagara Falls, NY . U. S. Patents 3;838,085.*and -3w,947,9286 s CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Paints, Texture DISCUSSION . - * There are two types of texture coatings used as decora tive wall and ceiling finishes. One is interior paint with aggregate added to produce the textured effect. The second, consists of limestone and other fillers with or without asbestos. This product is sold dry and pre-mixed. Asbestos Concentration: 1 t o 5% Method of Incorporation: Thoroughly mixed in dry or wet matrix; -brittle when "set" . * SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE * Sanding, which is not normal use Mixing dry product CONSUMER CONTACT Product widely used by consumers and by professionals < in the consumer environment. *' INFORMATION SOURCES A. T. Kearney Letter'Report. To Consumer Products Safety Commision Task 1008K Contract No. CPSC-C-77-0009, Dated 9/21/77 U- S. Patents 3,677,988 and 3,947,286 \ ' - . -I CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Phenolic Laminates DISCUSSION . . This category'includes a large group of industrial sheeting materials. Asbestos cloth as well as paper, . cotton' fabric, etc. serve as a structural element for phenolic resins. The sheeting is cut or stamped into a multitude of items, such as washers, bearings, spacers and motor vanes. Industry respondents reported that the trend is away from the use of asbestos in laminates. Asbestos Concentration: Method o f Incorporation: up to 85% Thoroughly en cap su lated in plastic matrix SCENARIO .FOR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion, destruction CONSUMER. .CONTACT Asbestos phenolics are generally for industrial use; however they may serve as components of consumer products such as lawn care and home shop equipment. INFORMATION SOURCES General Electric Co. Spaulding Fiber Co., Inc. Westinghouse Electric Corp. Fairfield, CT Tonawanda, NY Pittsburgh, PA U. S. Patents 3,572,853 and 3,929,533 .**.*"*- ,* > - ~i-v--"' * *** .t. Hi \ CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PR02.UCJ. Phonograph Records siscuasiott Asbestos may have been used as a filler and strength ening agent in the manufacture of phonograph records at one time. Industry respondents reported that currently phono graph records are made exclusively of polyvinylchloride. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Unknown F ib e r thoroughly mixed in hard m atrix SflsMARJLQ -FQR .F IBER .RELEASE Needle wear, breakage CONSUMER CONTACI Product widely used in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES Columbia Records Corp. Recording Industry Association 'of America I New York, NY ! I New York, NY i CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Pianos and Organs PJLSCjUSSiQBL According to Rosato, asbestos felt was being used pianos. Representatives of a major piano manufacturer reported that no asbestos felts are used. Sound chamber's in organs contain glass fibers. See Felt.' Asbestos Concentration: Unknown Method of Incorporation: Unknown SiCEIlftBLQ EAR FIBER RELEASE Unknown CONSUMER CONTACI Products widely used in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES D. H. Baldwin and Company Cincinnati, OH ftsbestos; 'Tts Industrial Applic&tions D. V. Rosato Reinhold Publishing Corp., New York, NY 1959 \ CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Pipe and Boiler Coverings BlSCilSaiflM Asbestos in the form of millboard, tape, cloth and sprayed slurry is commonly used as an insulation on industrial pipes and boilers. Similar applications occur in homes and institutions. Asbestos Concentration: Kethod of Incorporation; Up to 100% Woven, p r e ss e d , s lu r r y SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion and/or destruction of previously installed insulation CONSUMER.CONTACT Demolition and replacement of old insulation, presence during - installation of new boilers. 'INFORMATION SOURCES American Society of Heating * Refrigerating and Air- Conditioning Engineers Cleveland Plumbing and Heating Jphns-Manville Corp. -' F' fruiggin and Son';*Inc. * - H. B. Smith Co. vanderwist Pluiribina a n d ' | , New York, NY Co. Cleveland, OH _ Denver, CO *vr * Cleveland, OH . 'Cleveland; OH \ CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET I PRODUCT Pond Liner BISC.USSIQM . At least one manufacturer produces an asbestos-asphalt impregnated sheet material used as a pond and canal liner. Asbestos Concentration: 4 to 15% Method of Incorporation: Thoroughly mixed in a viscous matrix SCENARIO EOR FIBER RELEASE . Leaching of asphalt matrix could release fibers into water. CONSUMER ,,.CONIACI Extent of pond liner use unknown. : INFORMATION SOURCES Phillips Petroleum Co. Bartlesville, OK U. S.' Patents 3,864,157 and 3,885,068 j i'*' i CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET P.RQD.UC.I Pot Holders and Oven Mitts DlSCUSSlQli * Several trade lists contain names of manufacturers of pot holders or oven mits. All manufacturers contacted stated that asbestos .was not used in their pot holders and xaits. Generally they indicated that heat resistance require ments were not high enough to warrant the use of asbestos. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Unknown Unknown SCENARIO .EQR. FIBER RELEASE Tearing, abrasion CONSUMER CONTACT Product designed .for consumer use X !NFORMATLQfl SOURCES Cannon Mills, Inc. The Ironees Co. Magla Products Spring Mills, Inc. J. P. Stevens & Co., Inc. Kannapolis, NC Philadelphia, PA Irvington, NJ Fort Mills, SC New York, NY CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET RQD,UCJ. Pottery DISCUSSION Industry lists refer to the use of asbestos as a filler in pottery- Industry and association sources indicate that although talc may be a common additive, asbestos is not used in pottery clay- Clays are sold in dry powder, wet, and fired condition. The talc may contain asbestos as a contaminate Asbestos Concentration: Unknown ' Method of Incorporation: Fiber thoroughly mixed with other ingredients; before use, in dry state, fibers not **locked-in **; matrix .viscous when wet; matrix brittle after firing-* SCENARIO ,E.0R FIBER RELEASE During mixing* and clean-up of dry products; abrasion (not 'considered likely in normal use} , breakage. CONSUMER CONTACT Products widely used in consumer environment iNFQRflAT lQN.-EQUFC.EE Hall China Co. Kelson McCoy Pottery Co. United States Potters Association East Liverpool, OH \ Zanesville, OH j East Liverpool, OH * i I * CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT S\^HEET .PRODUCT. Potter's Kilns (Home Hobby) PI.SCUS.SIQK Manufacturers of hobbyist kilns reported that although some asbestos lined kilns were available to the consumer in the past,none are currently produced. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Unknown Unknown SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Unknown 'i X * - CONSUMER CONTACT Product designed for consumer use INFORMATION S Q UROES Harrop Ceramic Services Co. Nova Corp. of Dubuque, Iowa Columbus, OH 'Dubuque, IA i CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Powder (Asbestos) P1S.CUSS1QH Asbestos powder is reported to be a rather^specific designation for finely ground anthophyllite. Powder is used as a reinforcement in molded plastics and rubber. Asbestos Concentration: 100% Method of Incorporation: Loose fibers SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Agitation of loose fibers CONSUMER C Q iilA C I Bulk industrial product INFORMATION SOURCES - Delaware Asbestos and Rubber Co. Powhattan Mining Co. Philadelphia, PA Baltimore, MD CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Pressure Cooker Gaskets -HIS.CUS5.1M Published sources cite the use of asbestos in pressure cooker gaskets. However, respondents indicate that asbestos is not used, in the gasket or in the over pressure plug of the pressure cooker. Asbestos Concentration: .Method of Incorporation: Unknown Unknown SCEMARLO. FOR FIBER RELEASE Unknown CONSUMER CONTACT Product designed for consumer use INFORMATION SOURCES The Halle Bros. Co. Major Appliance Company National Presto Industries, Inc. Cleveland, OH Eau Claire, Vl / - \ CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT F.ACT SHI EET PRODUCT Pruning Paints and Sealers DISCUSSLOU Pruning paints and sealers are tar based products used to protect the pruned limbs and branches of trees from dessication and insect attack. It has been alleged that asbestos fibers are present in these products. However, respondents report that asbestos fibers are neither required nor used in pruning paints or sealers. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Unknown F ib e r s thoroughly mixed in sem iv isco u s m artix SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Unknown CONSUMER .CQMIACI Product is intended for use by consumer and by professionals in consumer environment. INFORMATION-SOURCES Walter E. Clark and Son, Inc. Kendall Kefining C o . , Div. Witco Chemical Corp. Chas. H. Lilly Co. Rockland Chemical C o . , Inc. Seymore Smith and Sons, Inc. Orange, CT Bradford, PA Portland, OR Caldwell, NT Oakville, CT CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET 1I * . \ PRODUCT Radiator Sealant DISCUSSION. Asbestos is included in the formulations of some automotive radiator sealants. The fibers serve to form a minute network at the area of the leak,thus sealing it. Asbestos Concentration: 3% Method o f Incorporation: M ixed w ith l iq u id c h e m ic a ls SCENARIO EPR FIBER RELEASE None identified. CONSUMER CONTACT Product directed to consumer market. INFORMATION SOURCES Bardahl fg. Corp. E. I. DuPont De Nemours Fre-Bar, Inc. Garry Laboratories, Inc. Seattle, WA Wilmington, DE Holly, MI Tonawanda, NY I CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Ranges r BI.SCUSS1QM In the past asbestos was commonly used as an insulation in oven doors and chambers. Element wiring was enclosed in asbestos sleeves. Industry sources indicate that the use of asbestos has been virtually eliminated in recent years. Asbestos Concentration: up to 100% Method of Incorporation: Millboard, Sleeving SCENARIO F_DR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion during repair of range .CONSUMER CONTACT These products are directed to .the consumer market. INFORMATION SOURCES Caloric corp. Major Appliance Consumer Action Panel Topton, PA Chicago, IL - CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Refrigerant Cement - - - --- ..... P iS C U S S IQ N Various types of cements containing asbestos are used as sealants in commercial refrigeration units, display cases, etc. These sealants remain in a semi-viscous condition. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 5 t o 45% Fiber thoroughly mixed -in semi- viscous matrix 5CENARLQ__E_QR FIBER RELEASE Release not considered likely CONSUMER CONTACT Amount of product used in consumer environment not established. INFORMATION SOECES Virginia Chemicals, Inc. Portsmouth-, VA CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Roof Coating PI.SCUS5 I.Qtt . Product designed to form a watertight seal for the roofs of industrial plants, warehouses, and other flat roofed structures. Additionally, products within this group are used for the repair and, patching of previously installed roofs. These products consist primarily of an asphalt base with additions of raw asbestos fibers, various rock flours and solvents. Roof coatings are generally ductile in nature affording them the required expansion properties and resistance to cracks due to weathering. Aluminum powder may be added as a reflectant to minimize heat absorption. . . Asbestos Concentration: . Method of Incorporation: 3 to 25% Fibers thoroughly mixed in viscous matrix SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE . Roof coatings are formulated to remain somewhat flexible, therefore fiber release during abrasion or demolition is not likely. . CONSUMER CONTACT Liquid roof patching cements and coatings are packaged for consumer use. ' INFORMATION SOURCES - Mortell Co. Tremco Manufacturing Co. U.S. Patents 2,916,908 3,795,525 Warren, MX t Cleveland, OH __ CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET i PRODUCT Rtisserie Broilers P.SCU5 5 IQ Asbestos millboard is used by one manufacturer as an insulation between broiling chamber and the rtisserie motor- This is not a common practice and this manufacturer stated that this particular model line was being discontinued- Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 85 to 95% M illboard SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE ` Dismantling of unit, removal, and abrasion of the millboard CONSUMER CONTACT Product designed for consumer use INFORMATION SOURCES Hamilton Beach Div. Scovili, Inc. McGraw-Edison Co. North American Phillips Corp. Sun-Chief Electronics, Inc, Waterbury, CT * Columbia, MO New York, NY Winstead, CT .`N ---------------- " CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Safety Equiproen P1SCU.SSIQH Asbestos cloth Is used to fabricate, a wide variety of _items used in industrial applications where high temperatures and corrosive situations exist. The following items are --- included in this category: ... Aprons 'Arm Protectors Awnings Blankets Berets Boots Caps Clothing Curtains Draperies ' Asbestos Concentration: Method o f Incorporation: Gloves 'Hats Helmets Hoods Mittens . Overgaiters , . Sleeves Suits " Umbrellas Up to 1 0 0 % Woven " " SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE '. 1 Abrasion, cutting, shredding of untreated material CONSUMER CONTACT Although asbestos safety.equipment is intended for the industrial market most items can be purchased from welding supply distributors. INFORMATION SOURCES Dickson Safety Products C o . Safety First Supply Co. * Los Angeles# CA ` # Willoughby# OH  CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT:SHEET PRODUCT Screw Fixing Compounds DISCUSSION Published sources cite the use of asbestos in screw fixing compounds. However, no asbestos containing screw ! fixing compounds could be identified. Asbestos Concentration: Unknown " . Method o f Incorporation: F i b e r s th o ro u g h ly m ixed in m a trix SCENARIO _FOR FIBER RELEASE Unknown CONSUMER CONTACT Unknown INFORMATION SOURCES Amerace Corp. Loctite Corp. Union, NJ Newington, CT LA \ CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET . i PRODUCT Sets and Equipment: Movie, Theatre, and T.V, DISCUSSION Because of special effects using extreme heat, cold and noise, it has been alleged that studios used asbestos products, e.g., cob-webs, insulation for "set" fires, artificial snow, --- acoustical noise barriers and shields for hot stage lights. An industry source, however, asserted that asbestos was elimi nated because of OSHA pressure, substituting fire bricks for "set" fires, gypsum for snow, rubber base spray for cob-webs and non-asbestos acoustical tile for sound, etc. Asbestos Concentration: Method o f Incorporation: Unknown V arious SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE. Various CONSUMER CONTACT _ Studios are not considered consumer environment, Y-4Y? * INFORMATION SOURCES Metro Goldwyn Mayer, Inc. Culver City, CA l I 1 - - -CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT. Sheet Flooring nis.cuss.im Asbestos bound in latex serves as a permanent backing or carrier for vinyl sheet flooring. The backing provides the dimensional stability required both during manufacture and after installation. The sheet flooring is cemented to the floor with adhesives. The wear surface of the flooring does not contain asbestos. Asbestos Concentration: 5 t o 15% Method of Incorporation: Felt in latex matrix. SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE "... - During removal some of the backing may remain glued to the sub-flooring. Should the sub-floor then be sanded, fibers could be released. Industry experts claim that fibers are not released during normal installation procedures. CONSUMER CONTACT ` / Product installed by consumers and professionals'in the consumer environment. INFORMATION-SOURCES Armstrong Cork Co. Resilient Floor Covering Institute Union Carbide Corp. Lancaster, PA ' Washington, DC New York, NY /' CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Shorts (Asbestos) DISCUSSLOR Asbestos shorts and floats re the end-products in asbestos milling. These shorter light fibers are used in: vinyl asbestos tile, plastics, asphalts, and adhesives. The light fibers are combined into the product during manufacture. Asbestos Concentration: 100% Method of Incorporation: F i b e r s a r e lo o s e SCEMARI Q .FQR-EJBER RELEASE Handling product; mixing with other raw materials CONSUMER CONTACT Product is not intended for consumer use; consumers may be able to purchase it through industrial outlets. INFORMATION SOURCES. *A s bestos It'*s Industrial Application's r D. V. Rosato ReinhoTH Publishing Corp., New York, NY 1959 j Handbook of Asbestos Textiles i Asbestos Textile Institute * Pompton Lakes; NJ U. S. Patent 3,928,060 I " - CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET ** i PRQD.UCT, slow Cookers DISCUSSI OH r- Asbestos insulation is commonly used to protect the 'thermostat unit from excessive heat. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 65 to 75% Woven c l o t h , f e l t , p a p e r SCENARIO FDR FIBER RELEASE Dismantling of unit and abrasion of insulation material which is not considered a likely occurance in normal use. CQNS.UMcR CONIACI Product is designed for consumer use. Consumer might attempt to repair unit. INFORMATION SO_URCS American Electric Co. Grandinetti Products, Inc. Culver City, CA Lynwood, CA CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET -'PROD UCT Smoker *s Bib DISCUSSION One manufacturer of asbestos cloth recommends the use of his specially treated fabric for smokers* bibs for the aged and handicapped. The manufacturer indicated that this item had not yet been produced domestically. Asbestos Concentration: 7 5 to 1 0 0 % Method of Incorporation: Woven c lo th SCENARIO F.PiL,FIBER RELEASE , Tearing, abrasion CONSUMER.CONTACT Product designed for consumer use INFORMATION SOURCES. Southern Asbestos Co. Charlotte, NC CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Stains and Varnishes DISCUS SlQtt . . Although one manufacturer is listed as a formulator of an asbestos containing stain, he indicated that his current product contains no asbestos. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 2% Mixed into liquid SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Sanding of stained surface CONSUMER CONTACT Product widely used in consumer environment. INFORMATION SOURCES Reliance Universal^Inc. Houston, TX CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Stoves (Coal and Wood Burning) DISCUSSION An asbestos fire door gasket is sometimes used in wood and coal burning stoves. Asbestos Concentration: to 100% Method of Incorporation: Woven SCENARIO EOR FIBER RELEASE Degradation or abrasion of insulation CONSUMER X .Q fllACI Product used in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES Dornbeck Furnace and Foundry Co. Locke Stove Co. * Nelson Industries Eastlake, OH Kansas City, MO Pittsburgh, PA CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET i PRODUCT. Tape S1SCUSS.IQN Woven asbestos tape of various sizes is used as a -wrapping around hot pipes. Usage is primarily industrial but may be found in residential and institutional sites. Asbestos Concentration: Method o f Incorporation: 7 5 t o xqo% woven SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Fraying, sloughing, demolition CONSUMER CONTACT Extent of use in consumer environment unknown INFORMATION SOURCES Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc. U* S. Patent 2,523,022 'Trumbell, CT CPSC ASBESTOS PEODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Tape Joint Cement Discussion Tape joint cement is used to conceal joints in dry- wall construction. Some manufacturers have included ' asbestos in their formulations to improve the working i .properties of the product. Related products include ' \ spackling materials ih dry or premixed form. . ; The CPSC ban on the manufacture of asbestos con taining compounds went into effect January 15, 1989-1978 (16 CFR 1304). .Asbestos Concentration: 0.25 to 5% . Method of Incorporation: Fibers thoroughly mixed with other ingredients; in dry form fibers are not "locked-in"; matrix viscous when wet; matrix brittle after "set" . SCENARIO FQR-F1BEB. RELEASE Mixing dry product with water; sanding hardened product and demolition CONSUMER CONTACT . . Products widely used by consumers and professionals in the consumer environment. INFORMATION SOURCES "Economic Impact Assesment.of The Proposed Ban of Asbestos Containing Patching Compounds", A. T. Kearney, Inc., October, 1977. U. S. Patent 3,900,434 . .. CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET i ' ' - * * .% PRODUCT Tent Grommets ....... -- - - PJSCUSS1.QM ' . Some large wall tents are fabricated to accomodate stoves. An asbestos grommet is sewn around the stove pipe aperture to protect the canvas from the heat of the pipe. Asbestos Concentration: Method o f Incorporation: 75 to 99% Woven c lo t h SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion, tearing CONSUMER CONTACI Product designed for consumer use. INFORMATION SOURCES Southern Asbestos Company Canvas Specialty Manufacturing Co. Charlotte, NC Cleveland,OH i 1 N. CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Thermal Insuiation BI.SCUSSIQ& Various felts containing wire inserted asbestos yarn and glass fibers, supplied in large rolls, are used as insulation for high temperature machinery and equipment such as turbines, boilers, feed pumps, and steam lines. Asbestos Concentration: Up to 95% Method of Incorporation: Yarn loosely formed with glass fibers SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Cutting, abrasin, demolition CONSUMER .CONTACT. Product not used in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES Southern Asbestos Co. U. S. Patent 3,923,535 Charlotte, NC CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET i PRODUCT. Thermal Insulation, Spray P1SCAJSSIQM Prior to 1973 a slurry of asbestos and water was. sprayed on the beams and columns in large buildings to protect structural members in the case of fire. v Asbestos Concentration: Up to 9 9 % Method of Incorporation: Fibers bound together in friable matrix SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Physical contact with product; repair; demolition CONSUMER, CONTACI Used in construction occupied by consumers INFORMATION SOURCES Johns-Manville Corp. Yale University Denver, CO New Haven, CT \ CPSC ASBEST*OS PRODUCT FAC'T S1HEET t ' . I PRODUCT Toasters mscus.s.iQN In addition to asbestos encased internal and external wiring (discussed under Appliance Wiring) it was common for the element mounting boards to be made of a compressed millboard. Respondents all indicated that for some years alternate materials such as mica have replaced asbestos board. Two indicated that internal asbestos clad wiring is still used. Asbestos Concentration: UP to Method of Incorporation: Millboard; see also Appliance Wiring SCENARIO _F_QR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion of element board or wiring during cleaning and repair CONSUMER CONTACT Asbestos containing products are still in widespread use. INFORMATION SOURCES. General Electric Co. Scovili Mfg. Co. Hoover Co. Sun-Chief Electronics McGraw-Edison Co. Proctor-Silex Inc. Fairfield, CT Waterbury, CT North Canton, OH * Winsted, CT Elgin, IE Philadelphia, PA CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET pRQDUCT Tooth Brushes DISCUSSION The patents (cited below) claimed the uniqueness of an asbestos cloth pad as a substitute for bristles. The patent was not assigned to any dental product manufacturer, nor could any actual manufacturer of this product be identified. Asbestos Concentration: 75 t o 100% Method of Incorporation: Woven SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE Abrasion CQNSMERCOTIACX Product intended for consumer use INFORMATION SOURCES U. S. Patent 1,729,167 U. S. Patent 1,729,168 CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Vinyl Asbestos Floor Tile mSCU5.S_l.0N Asbestos fiber is used in vinyl asbestos tile to provide dimensional stability in manufacture and use. Asbestos Concentration: 10 t o 20% Method of Incorporation: Fibers thoroughly mixed in relatively hard matrix; wear surface generally sealed by factory applied finish SCENARIO FOR FIBER RELEASE , . During the removal of previously installed vinyl asbestos floor tile, the sub-floor may be sanded to remove any tile particles which remained glued to sub-floor. Occasion ally an old tile floor is sanded prior to laying new tile. CONSUMES. CQNIACX - Product widely used in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES Armstrong Cork Co. ' GAF Corp. Rsiliant Floor Covering Institute Union Carbide Corp. ,U. S. Patent 3,950,581 Lancaster, PA New York, NY *Washington, D Hew York, NY -- WV-urf CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET . ' i * I PRODUCT. Welders1 Headgear - .... DISCUSS LQM Items of safety equipment used under welders* helmets/ This category includes berets, beanies, caps, hats, and hoods. See Safety Equipment. . . Asbestos Concentration: 75 to 1 0 0 % Method o f Incorporation: woven c l o t h SCENARIO F_0R FIBER RELEASE . Abrasion, destruction CONSUMER CONTACT While primarily a product used in the work place, it is possible for consumer to purchase the product and use it in the consumer environment. INFORMATION SOURCES .Singer Safety Products, Inc. Chicago, IL >* . . CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET "PRODUCT Welding Electrodes DISCUSSION Welding Electrodes are commonly manufactured with a 'flux coating- Asbestos is frequently added to the flux .to enhance adherence and continuity of the weld bead. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: 10% or less Mixed in s lu r r y , then bak ed. SCENARIO ..FOR .FIBER RELEASE ' . - Dust arises from the melted flux during the welding opera tion. This dust may contain asbestos- Respondents reported* that electron microscope investigations showed the asbestos no longer to be fibrous in nature- Sanding or filing .the elect rode could release dust. ,. .. . CQ.NSU&iEE--CQijl ACX Welding rods are sold to consumers. INFORMATION SOURCES Air Reduction Corp. Cabot Corp- (Stellite Div-3 Hobart Bros- Co. bincoln Electric Co. Montvale, NJ Kokomo, IN Troy, OH Cleveland, OH CPSC ASBESTOS PRODUCT FACT SHEET PRODUCT Wicks for Oil Burning Apparatus piscussioa Published sources cite the use of asbestos in wicks for oil burning apparatus. However, no asbestos containing product could be identified. Wicks used in kerosene lamps, smudgepots, hurricane lanterns, oil burning stoves and other consumer items are made of cotton braid. Asbestos Concentration: Method of Incorporation: Up to 100% C lo th SCENARIO F_QR FIBER RELEASE Unknown CONSUMER CONTACT Products used in consumer environment INFORMATION SOURCES Asbestos Weaving Co. R. E. Dietz Co. Wra. E. Hooper and Sons Co. Clinton, *HE Syracuse, NY Baltimore, MD