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Marino Biology 11.101--187 (1071) P ky lrtia|*r*VirU| Wi * Toxicity and distribution of Aroclor 1254 in the pink shrimp Penaeus duorarum* ( D. 11. Nimmo, H. It. Daaoxm**, A. J. Wjlsox, Jr. and J. Foukotsb Environmental rroteotion Agonoy, Gulf Brooto Laboratory}Sabino Island, Gulf Broose, Florida. USA Alistruet Tho polychlorinated biphenyl Aroelm 12ft# wa* roloaacd in an Accidental Icnkngoof Inrnt-cxclinngo iUii<l (roman Induitrial plant, into tho Kucambia River, near l'cnaacola, Florida, USA. This mult-rial wan parried downstream, and ia now round In tho fauna of Baoantbia Day and ita contiguous waters, prime nurarry area* for fishes and invortobralos suoh ae penaeid shrimp. Tito significance of pollution by thio chomteal waa assessed by establishing toxicity lovoU, determining route* of entry, ana investigating ita movement and distribu tion {n various tissues of shrimp under controlled oonditiona In the laboratory. Arooior 1234 added to tho water waa loxio to the juvenile pink shrimp Penatv* rfuoramm at a concen tration of 1.0 part per billion within 1ft day*, but was leas 9 Registered trademark, Monaanto Company, St Louie, Missouri. Mention of commercial produote docs not constitute endorsement by the Environmental Protection Agency. * Contribution No, 128, Gulf Breese Laboratory. toxio to adult pink ahrimp. Shrimp obtained the contaminant from water and food and conoonirated it to ftlO.O perts per million in tho hepatopanerees. Arocior 1234 residue data from ahrimp eollooted in Uie estuary are included in the study. Introduction Since 1006, peelieido toxieologiate and ecologieta have become increasingly aware of polychlorinated biphonyle (PCBs). First discovered in Ashes, feathers, and human hair (Jensen, 1060), residues bavo unco been found in many organisms from diverso areas of tho world. Structurally, PCBs resemble chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides suoh as DDT, and aro widely used in formulating plastics, resins for rubber-based lacquers, varnishos, paints, lubricants, boat-transfer fluids and electrical insulators. PCBs are reiativaiy Fig. 1. Residue* of Arocior 1234 (in ppm) found in shrimp hopatopenoreaaes from Esoetohia Bay and contiguous waters during 1808/1870. Bach sample listed iwpruaenU composite tissues of at least 6 individuate a NtrtM nioiorr. vot it HONS 084281 )03 D. R. Nimmo si it, t Aroolor in Ptnam itwrantm Mar, Did, Fla, 3. Residues of Aroelor 12M (in ppm) found in sodimsnts from Escambia Boy and eontimou* waters during 1900/1070. N.D.j loss than 0.03 ppm insoluble in water, but aolublo in lipid and lipid aol* vent*. In addition to their thorma! stability thoy are alao resistant to acid and base, and therefore, persist in the environment. PCBs aro toxio to trout and blue gill (spp. not given) --- Gustafson, 1070; shrimp (Peruteu* duorarum) and oysters [Cra$to$trea Virginiai) -- Duke ct al., 1070; ond a fish (f*ogodon rhomboides) -- IIanskn et al., 1071. Also, a PCD used as a binder in epoxy paint was toxio to chickens (Gustafson, 1070). Abnormally thinshol)cd egg* of birds in Great Britain and North America were associated with residues of chlorinated hydrocarbons including tho PCBs (ItisKMtouoii cl al., 100S). In 1000, a PCD (Aroelor 12.71) was discovered as a contaminant in wator, sediment and fauna of Escambia Day, Florida (Duke ct al., 1070). One sourco of this material whs traced to ait accidental leak in a hcnt-exchangc system of an industrial plant located several kilometers upstream in Escambia River. It is now present in estuarine organisms, including shrimp captured from Escambia Day and contiguous waters (Fig. 1). Sediments from the river ami upper bay appear to be a I'CHurvoh for the compound (Fig. 2). In earlier experiments, shrimp exposed to tlicso sediments for 30 days accumulated the chemical (Ximmo ct al., 1071). In this paper w report toxicity of Aroelor 1254 in wolcr, rules of accumulation from food and water. and distribution of this PCD in the organs of tha pink ihrimp Petuuus duorarum. Materials and methods Shrimp for laboratory atudies were obtained from two sources. Juvenile (2.5 to 3.8 em) pink shrimp (Psnoetu duoroium) wore collected with a small net from Santa Rosa Sound at Pensacola Beach, Florida, in Juno through September. Adult pink shrimp from Tampa, Florida, wero purchased from a live*bait dealer. Background concentrations of chlorinated hy drocarbon comjHnmds in. tho hcpatopancrcascs oi nil shrimp nover exceeded 0.0 pail* per million (ppm); whole-body residues were less than 0.01 ppm. All shrimp were acclimated in flowing sea water for several days in tho laboratory. Juveniles fed on detritus carried in by tho flowing imfiltcrcd sea water and adults were fed mullet {Mutjil ccjj/mht.i) muscle containing less limn 0.03 ppm orgnnochlorine com* |K>undx each day. Beach sand with no detectable oeganochlorino compounds was provided as a sub strate for tho shrimp. Shrimp wero exposed to Aroelor 1254 (hereafter called Aroelor) in flowing-water systems. The Aroelor was Unsolved in polyethylene glycol 200, infused into Uto flowing water with xyriiigo pumps, then mixed by MONS 084282 rw. //. *v.. ,i. tan l>. It. Niutm cl. al.: Aroolnr in I'nuifu* ihianirum IM a series of bailies it flowed info aquaria. Tho volumo of Mio aquaria varied from IS lo it0 1 commomuirato with (1)0 numbers ami sizes of (oat animals and flow* rate of water. Animal to volume ratio was 1 animal |>or 2 1 water. Concentrations of Aroelor wero routinely measured by gas chromatography. No attempt was mado'to control salinities which ranged from 25 to 32%,, but electric aquarium heaters woro used to main* tain water temperatures between 20* and 30 *C. Fig. 3. Arodor throninlogrnmi. (A) Aroelor 1254 standard, (B) Aroelor 1254. recovered from Ptnants duerarum hopatopsnercaN sfter shrimps had been fed Osh containing material (see Table 4). Concentrations of DDT and its metabolites were negligible, therefore, no attempt wee made to separate them from Aroelor isomers. Gss flow 25 mt/min, nitrogen; injection temperature 2l0*C, oven temperature lflO *C, deteotor temperstura 210 *C; II* electron rapture di tcrtor; 162.4 * 0.317 cm glow-column peeked with 2% OV-1 on 100/120 Css Chrom Q Concentrations of Aroelor in shrimp were dolormined from pooled samples by gns chromatography. When a group of 10 shrimp was exposed to a constant concentration of Aroelor in flowing-water, individual residues differed by a factor of 10. Consequently, laboratory analyses are from composite samples of at least 10 individuals, unless stated otherwiso. All analyses on Pcutitu.i dvoromm from Escambia Bay and contiguous waters woro on composite sampled of at U-ut 5 individuals. Depending on typo and weight of tho samples, four mclIimlM of pnqtar.it.ion ware employed. (1) Samples of shrimp or food items larger limn 1 g wero mixed with anhydrous sodium sulfate in a blender and extracted for 4 h with pctrolofim ether in a Soxhlct npparat.ua. Extracts woro ooncontrated and eluted from a Florisil column with 0% ethyl ether in petro leum ether. (2) Samples less than 1 g woro analysed by a modification of tho micro-method of Exos (private communication). Samples were weighod in Duall* tisiuo grindors and oxtractod with thrro 2.0 ml portions of acotonitrilo. The aeotonitrile extracts wero combined and diluted with 0 ml of 2% No,SO, in dixtillod water, then agitatod and extracted with three 2.0 ml portions of hoxanc. These oxtracts were oombined rind concentrated to about 0.5 ml, then trans ferred to a Sizo "BM Chromaflex1 column containing 1.5 g of Florisil topped with 1.5 g of anhydrous sodium sulfato. Tho rotiduo was eluted from tho column with 20.0 ml of 1 % othyl ether in hexane. (3) Water samples wero oxtraeted with petroleum other, then the oxtracts wero dried with anhydrous sodium sulfate and re duced to an appropriate volumo. (4) Sediments woro analyzed by tho method of Kimmo et al. (1071). All eluatos woro adjusted to an appropriate volume for analysis by oloctron-capturo gas chromatographs equipped with OV-1 columns. Quantitation of Aroelor 1254, a multiplo-pcaltcd compound, was modo by averaging tho height* of 5 major peaks which had retention times rclativo to aldrin of 1.31 [IV), 1.55 (7), 2.32 [VW), 2.74 (/A) and 3.27 (A*) (Fig. 3). Interforeneo from DDT was negligible duo to tho relatively high residues ofAroelor 1254 in most samples. Laboratory tests indicated recovery rates above 80%, but data in this roport do not includo a correction foe* tor for rocovery. Tho proscnco of Aroelor 1254 in shrimp and sediments was verified by mass ipcctrosoopy at tho Environmental Protection Agency La. boratory, Athens, Georgia. Result* Acute and chronic biotasaays Aouto toxicity tests at this laboratory showed that Aroolor was about one tenth as toxic to juvenilo Penaeua duoiarum as DDT (Tablo 1). For exam; !<, 10.0 parte per billion (ppb) DDT in the water hilled 100% of a population of shrimp in 0(1 h. whereas 100.0 ppb in tho water was necessary to obtain tho samo results with Aroelor. In chronic flowing-water bioasaays, Aroelor at 0.04 ppb killed 51% of tho juvenilo shrimp (2.5 to 3.8 cm) within 15 days (Table 2). Juvenile shrimp wore moro sensitive to Aroelor than adulu. Exposure to 3.5 ppb for 35 days resulted in a mortality of 30% in a group of adult shrimp (0.5 to 12.C crn). Tho data 1 Kontos Glass Co., Vmolaiul, N. J., UfiA. MOWS 084203 104 D. It. Nihmo at *l.s Aroclor in fiMtui (Iwfantm ' itfir, f/iol. show the need for challenging noveral stages in tho 11 fo cycle of shrimp with chemicals such as Aroclor. We hnvo observed that symptoms of Aroclor poisoning in shrimp aro difTerent fromthosoof most orgnnochlonno insecticides. Pink shrimp whioh wo opposed to 0.13 ppb or mors DDT showod nervous impairments such as tremors, loss of equilibrium and, finally, paralysis as defined by cessation of locomotor movements. In tests with Aroclor, regardless of its concentration, shrimp showed delayed mortality and died At a rate of one or two per day with no apparent prior symptoms of poisoning. Liko others (Dure, et al., 1070; Wiluisu, 1070), >vo suggest that crustaceans may bs more suscoptiblo to tho ohomieal during molting. Accumulation and tranefer of Aroclor in tiasut* Tho uptako of Aroelcv from water by adult Ptnaeut duorarum (3.8 to 7.0 cm) and tho tranjiloca* tion to tho hcpatopancrcos, whole body And ob* dominat musclo was measured (Fig. 4). Accumulation was linear with timo in tho hepatopnm.rc vt ( < 0.1)7) and wholo body (r* 0.90), but a plateau was reached Tsblo 1. Ftnatus duorarum. Comparison of toxicitiee of p. y' - DDT a>.d AfofJor J254 to shrimp in /lowin^wettr tuts. /Jean Umjterature atul talimOj of tea tenter in DDT experiment were 24 *C and 25 &, retptclively; for Aroclor 1254,19 *C and 51 X DDT* Test concentration (PPW Mortality 49 h 00 h <%> t%> Aroclor 1254* Test concentration (ppM Mortality 48 h 00 h <% <%) 10.0 1.0 0.3 0.1 Control 100 100 30 80 0 40 10 20 00 100.0 10.0 1.0 Control 80 100 00 O0 00 * Persona) communication, J. I. Lovrr, Environmental Protection Agoney, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32501, USA. * Duke et tl.,* 1070. EXPOSURE TIME (days) Pig. 4. Penatut duorarum. Rates of absorption of Aroelor 12.14, In various tissues of shrimp exposed to 2.5 ppb of the chemieol In flowing water. Unexposed shrimp showed no doteelabi* residue, r - correlation coefficient Table 2. fluulli Of throve biooatay* with Aroclor 1254 and tin pint ehrimp Ptnatu* dttorarvm in flowing water Shrimp rosliiini'tolaon length (cm) Concentration* Average (ppb) t&linily <x.) Avorege No. of test Replicates Days lomjMirsture individuals exposed re) Avorngo mortality <%> Level of significance 2 5 - 3.8 5.5 - 3.8 . 2.5- 3.8 2.5 - 3.8 " 2.5- 3.8 4.2- 7.2 4.2-7.2 4.2 - 7.2 fl.f, - 0.0 O.ti - v.o 7.0- 8-5 7.0 - K.5 0.5-12.5 0.3- 12.5 Control 0.57 0.04 0.4 10.0 Control 2.4 3.1 Control 4.tr Control 4.0 Control ,3.5 32 32 32 32 32 20 20 29 20 20 31 31 2ft 28 SO 20 29 20 20 2ft 28 28 20 20 2!) 20 20 20 * Avernfo of at least three determinations. * Student's Meet. * Chi'Squaro. 08 6 15 12 20 2 15 30 0.10* 45 3 15 01 0.005* 20 2 15 90 0.001* 20 2 13 100 0.001* 23 1 33 4 -- 20 1 17 05 0.001* 23 1 32 80 0.00t* 43 1 03 20 -- 40 1 c:t 93 0.001* CO 1 1ft 0 -- . CO 1 18 41 0.001* 50 1 35 9 -- 50 1 90 00 0.001* MQNS 084284 Vat. 11, 2to, 3,1972 Fig. 6. Ptruttu* duorarum, Rates of elimination from hopatopancreaa and subsequent increase in remaining liaaite. Shrimp wero exposed to 7.3 ppb Aroclor 1234 in flowing water for 10 daps, thon piaood in Aroelor-froe environment. Composite tlMue aampica from 8 individual* ware analysed for each determination. Unexpoaed ahrirop showed no detectable rowduea. r -- aerrelation coefficient in the musole within 2 day*, with little increase thoro. after. Residues in the hopatopancrcaa reached 510.0 ppm after 22 days and represented a 2.04 x 10* in* crceao over the 2.5 ppb Aroclor in tho test water. During this experiment, 50% of the exposed and 7% of the unexpoaed shrimp died. In a subsequent experiment, most of tho Aroclor was lost from tho hcpalopancrcas and transferred to other tissues 5). Adult shrimp (0.5 to 11.5 em) were first exposed to 7.3 ppb Aroclor in tbo water for 10 days, thon placed in an Aroclor.fi eo environment for 5 weeks. Total weight (jig) in tho hcpatopanercas decreased by S0% in 5 weeks, but that in tho remain, ing tissues almost doubted. Wholo-body loss was from 731 to 4G0 pg or about 00% in 5 weeks. A slightly different picture exists concerning tho loss of Arocloj; from tho tissues If wo express tho amount in parts per million (Fig. 5). Aroclor (in ppm) showed little change in tissues other than tho hopato* pancreas during pant cxpouro. In contrast, tho rato of elimination from the hcpntopancrcn* was constant and linear with time (r* O.il'J), tho biological halflifo in this organ being 17 days. Aroclor in moio persistent in the other tissues of shrimp than DDT, the in. sccticklo being completely eliminated in 3 weeks (Xjmmo ot ol., 11*70). Whilo tho Pcnacua duorarum were held in tho Aroclor-frce environment, 23% of tho exposed shrimp died, with no loss of tbo unoxposod. Accumulation in body organa Residues found in laboratory experiments arc comparod with those in natural populations of shrimps in Esoamhia and Pensacola Bays in Table 3. In all tests, tho shrimp incorporated tho chemical. Tho propor tion of Aroclor in tissuos of shrimp which were exposed to 0.2 ppb in tho water for 50 days was nearest to that found in shrimps capturod alivo from the bays. The distribution of Aroclor in the tissues of shrimp ia much the tamo as DDT, maximum amounts oo> ourring in the hcpatopancrons and least in abdominal museto or cxoskolcton (Ntmmo ct al., 1070). Generally, the distribution of Aroclor in tho tissues of Penncus duorarum corresponded to the amount of lipid in the tissues. Wo bcliovo wntor and food aro sources of Aroclor to shrimp, but wo do not know which contribute* moro. Fahkantb (1000) summarized earlier work on tho feeding habits of shrimp and reported that tho threo commercially.important pcnacid shrimps, pink Ptnattu duorarum, while P. srii/ems, and brown P. aaltcuA, aro omnivorous. Somo of the content* found in digestive tracU by other investigators inrludo in* organic debris, detritus, and a variety of algao, in* eluding diatom*. Aroclor atlachod to dctritnl material in aquaria or in field substratoa was probably ingested by tho shrimp. MONS 084^85 too D. R. Ndimo et *l.i Aroolor in ?<mhw iuoeontm, Hot. &iil. Table 3. Dkt/rilMfi'on of Aroclor 12S4 intisnut of trpoitd Ptnaeus duorarum which hod accumulated chemical from water and food i%d in penaeid shrimps from natural population** t (A* Pensacola estuary, Florida, USA Method* of exposure . IIop*to- Ventral Digestive He*rt Oitls Exo* Abdominal pancreas nerve Waot r skeleton muscle Pfjn___________________________________________________ _________ _ Wider rink shrimp exposed to 3.6 ppb Aroolor in water for 30 days Pink shrimp exposed to 0.3 ppb Aroelor in water for 60 day* Food Pink shrimp fed spot* (43.0 ppm whole body) for 16 days Pink shrimp fed snot (fiold-caplurod, 0.2 ppm wholo body) for 10 days Pink shrimp fed eroakor* (0.66 ppm in muse!*) for 60 days Natural populations Fink shrimp captured 10. I. 1070* Fink shrimp captured 3. IV. 1070* Whlto shrimp captured 36. VIII. 1070* Brown shrimp captured 28. VIII. 1070* 108 30 146 0.6 6.8 16 4.6 17 08 120 S.3 32 8.2 80 16 0.6 <0.1 2.0 1.0 6.4 1.1 0.6 04 4.0 1.6 14 0.7 77 60 14 2.8 1.4 0.8 16 0.7 26 36 6.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 14 0.0 0.6 67 <0.1 6.6 _ 1.4 0.6 04 0.3 0.2 1.0 6.8 0.8 4.2 3.1 24 0.8 0.1 1.3 0.0 * The spot Leioitomu* xanthurus were previously exposed to 6.0 ppb Aroolor 1254 In Die water for 12 days. * Atlsnlic croaker JMcropogon undulate* were eaptured in Reoambl* Bay. Florida. * Fcni/icoJa Bay. * Esoambia Bay. Table 4. Ptrcinlotfts* of S peal'* in Aroclor J254 rtsootrsd moleoulea or differential solubilities in the nriom from water, fish and Ptnaeus duorarum ystomt. Item Po*k<%> IV K mr ix X Standard . 10.0 164 25.0 224 20.0 Water (30 S. 8) 8.2 164 30.0 22.8 23.1 Fish muscle* 6.1 10.8 27.4 27.0 28.4 Shrimphepatopsnereas* 24 10.0 23.0 31.1 31.1 , too. sum of 5 pesks s The Atlsntic troakcr bfieropoQon vndu/ntus were eaptured from Khcambia Bay and contained 0.08 ppm Aroelor 1254. Thoehrimp Ptnatus duorarum were fod Allantio oroaker reusclo. Wo investigated* differences in ilto proportion of Aroclor peaks with respect llto standard; the chango i< guntest in the hcpntopancrcas of shrimp (Kig. 3; Table 4). Heights of 5 peaks u.sed foe quantitation of tho chemical show the greatest reduction in peaks IV and V, with some increase in IX and X. Wo do not know whether this reflects actual alteration* in the Results of field studies Distribution of shrimp in tiro estuary in relation to salinity is a faotor whioh regulates the amount of Aroelor in tho body (Fig. 1). The brown shrimp rtnaeus axtecus from upper Escambia Hay had the highest rcsiduos (132.0 ppm in the hepatopancreas). Tho white shrimp P. setifirus from the mouths of mall streams emptying into Escambia Bay had a maximum residue of 50.0 ppm. The highest residue in the pink shrimp P. duorarum captured in Pensacola Bay was 15.0 ppm. P. sttiferus is most abundant in low salinity waters of less than I0, and P. axtecus occurs mostly in waters of 10& or more; the abun dance of P. duorarum is not as dependent on salinity (Pahvantic, 1000). Although this distribution may vary with localo, types of substrata and seasonal temperatureft, shrimp with tho highest residues in this, study were those captured in tho lower salinities. Bccnnac higher concentrations of Aroclor occur in tho sediments of upper Eacambia Bay (Pig. 2). it is possible that burrowing activities of brown shrimp in these sedimenu could hnvo caused additional absorption of leached chemical through tho gills (Xmsio ct ah, 1071) as woll as ingestion of contaminated food. MONS 0d<t2ti6 M.av a, is?i 1). K. Niumo m sl.t Aroclor in Ptnaeiu iuomrum iin |)wrtiiiMu aml conrliuimu In our inwxligaturns, Micro Iuin been no ovidcnco Mint Aroolor in (bo water, nmlimonU, or biota in Escambia liny won toxin ( shrimp. We found no (lend or dying in nrc-wi of "fish kills" winch occurred frequently during summer montliM of tho pit*t two yenrK. Aroclor in wulct Knm|>Jc*oolleotel4Kcm Above the scdimenl* in the upper Jbty was below Mint considered toxio (o aluimp, but it was dctactahio (0.06 ppb in uidilterod water). It probably leached from the sediment* or was Attached to suspended particulate matter. Adult shrimp in livo cages placod directly on sediments in upper Escambia Bay for 3 weeks did not dta nor did Iho "eontrola" bold 4ft em Above in an uncontaminated substratum. Shrimp on lower sediments accumulated almost 3 timoi more ` Aroclor (0.1 ppm in tho hopatopanoreaa) than did control*. XcvcrthclcM, our laboratory investigations show that Aroclor 1334 in solution is toxic in the 1 ppb rnngo to shrimp. Therefore, tho occurrence of this chemical in tho water of Escambia Way or in other ottuarine areas is reason for concern. Wo also boliovo the residues found in shrimp from the Escambia Bay aro high enough to bo of importance, although wo havo not found a correlation bctwcon residues and mortality. If postlarval or juvenile shrimp wero exposed dirootly to the sediments in upper Escambia Bay for a period of weeks, a threat could exist beeauso of availability of PCBdtden detritus and Also the leaehing of the chemical at the watcr.substrata interfao*. We aro now investigating this possibility. Deaths of shrimp due to this or any other con taminant in natural environments would be difficult to obsorve. Except as larvae, shrimp aro primarily benthic, oecretivo animals, and hide by burrowing in the sediment. If they are active at night, they usually remain below the substrate by day. Hero, (hoy may obtain higher concentrations of Aroolor than when swimming, and if they dio, desd shrimp do not suifuco after dying an do Huh, rather they dccomposo rapidly or aro quickly eaten by predator*. Aroclor occurs in the tissue* of shrimp which wore captured several kilometers from the original sources of tho material in Escambia Bay (Fig. 1). This suggest* tho potential of this material to bo dispersed through the ecosystem, and it might bo available to .man through his seafood. Wo bclievo this contamination should sorvo as a warning to increase monit oring of the environment for Aroclor and related industrial mate rials. Summary . }, A concentration of 1.0 part per billion of Aroclor In tho water kills tho juvonilo pink shrimp Peruuuj iuomrum within 13 days In Uio lalmratory. Adult shrimp aro not as siutcoplthlo, but higher concentra tions of 2.4 to 4.3 pph kill within 17 to S') days -- depending on tho maturity of teat individuals. 3. In lalioratory tests in which Aroclor was added to Uio water, P. dunmrum absorbed tho material and concentrated it in the hc|tatapaneruas. Sul>*c<|ocntjy, it was transferred to other tissues, then lost. It was* moro persistent in the tissues of shrimp than the oliomically.related pcsticido, DDT. 3. Aroolor was absorbed from tho water and Its subsequent distribution in tissuos was similar to that found In wild shrimp from contaminated areas. In the laboratory, ahrimp also obtained tho Arodor from food, and wo eoneludo that both touroee aro available to ahrimp in tho Pensacola estuary, 4. Concentrations of Aroclor in P. duorarum from tho estuary Appoar to rofloot distribution patterna in shrimp. Aroclor (n ahrimp captured at considerable distances (up to 24 km) from the original source demonstrate tho potential for dispersion and concen tration of this material in an eeoeystom. Literature died Dexx, T. W.,` J. I. Lows six) A. J. Wiuox, Jr.: A poly chlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1234) in the water, sediment, end biota of Escambia liny, Florida. Bull. Knvir. Conus*. Toxicol. 6, 171--180 (1070). . Fakfakte, I. P.j Western Atlantis shrimps of the sinus Ptntutu. Fishery Dull. Kish Wild!. Sarv. uA. C7,401--401 (1009). Gustafson, 0. 0.: PCITi-prevalent and psiaiatont. Envir. Set. TccJmol. 4, 814-819 (1070). Hansen, D. J., P. R. Panuism, J. I. Lows, A. J. Wilson, Jr. and P. D. Wilson: Chronic toxicity, upuko, and men tion of AroelorO 1254 in two estuariuo fishes. Dull. Xnvir. Oontom. Toxiod. 4,113--119 (1971). JENSEN. 6.: Report of a new chemical hasard. Kaw Bek 22, 612 (106(1). Njumo. D. It., A. J. Wilson. Jr. and R. U. PianuM*: localisation of DDT in tlio body organa of pittk ami white ahrimp. Dull. JCnvir. Contain. Toxicol, 5, 3X1--341 (10711). --, P. D. Wilson, U. It. Hr.xcKM.tN ami A. J. Wilson, Jr.: VoWoUlorinxlod biphenyl nbaorbrd front sediment* by fiddler crabs and pink shrimp. Nature, Lend. 231, 50--32 (1071). RiSEBttouon, It. W., P. Hux-m:. D. 11. Peakau., 8. Ci. 7l>:n uan And M. N. Kmvi^i PolyrhlnrinMcd biphenyls in global ccoavrncm. Nature, Loud. 220, 1008--1102 (10us). Wildish, D. J.i Tho toxicity of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCD) in so* water to Gammara* ereanicu*. Dull. Lnvir. ConUm. Toxicol. 6, 202--204 (1970). First author's sddrsasi Dr. D. JV Kimuo Kr.vjrenmontal Protection Agency, Gulf Dreoto Laboratory ftsbine Island Gulf Brass*, Florid* 32501 USA Data of fmsl manuscript acceptance: June 23, 1971. Cotumunioatod by J. Bunt, Miami MONS 084287