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Health and Safety Executive 11 HSE COSHH Essentials - Reducing Silicosis IOHA 2005 Paul Evans Occupational Hygiene Unit, HSE paul.evans@hse.gsi.gov.uk COSHH essentials Reducing Silicosis HSE Overview: * Background * COSHH essentials * Legislative framework * Disease Reduction Programme * Silica essentials - good control practice * Silica Action Plan Occupational ill health in Britain 11 HSE Annual Incidence Asthma* Contact dermatitis** Breathing / lung problems*** (excluding asthma) Cancer**** 1 700 8 400 27 000 6 000 * based on THOR data (SWORD+OPRA) with notional adjustment for under -coverage and non- referral ** based onTHORdata (EPIDERM) with notional adjustments under-coverage and norn referral *** SWI survey **** HSE Statistics The challenge > 1.3 million businesses in GB use chemicals > Small firms have difficulty applying risk assessment to chemicals > Lack of understanding of OELs > Many chemicals don't have OELs > SMEs want practical help Influence of OELs HSE Study: 1,000 firms Profile reflected UK industry 150 Trade Union representatives Results: > Most chemical users take steps to protect employees. > Heavy reliance on suppliers. > OELs play very little part in risk assessment or risk management decisions in SMEs. Reality of small / micro businesses HSE Owner / manager does everything Don't usually follow assessment > control > review route Follow "control culture" of the industry/ sector Rely on suppliers and competitors for H&S information Believe H&S is "common sense" Verbal (visual?) culture Want to be told what to do Need graphic, simple communication tools 1 What is COSHH essentials? COSHH essentials Control guidance: Access Design and equipment Maintenance Examination and testing Cleaning PPE (plus 'S' sheet) Training Supervision Employee checklist HSE Risk management traditional HSE Risk management COSHH essentials Generic COSHH essentials Hbt Includes: Liquid / solid chemicals Mixtures Inhalation exposure Common processes But not: Process fume / dust Lead, asbestos, gases Chemical safety Releases to environment ... agents which cause asthma or cancers referred to expert help 2 COSHH essentials - phase 2 Asthmagens > Isocyanates > Flour > Wood Process generated > Foundry > Rubber > Wood Service & Retail Health Surveillance Launched 8 October 2003 Risk management task-based e-COSHH essentials direct advice HSE COSHH essentials schedule for completion Month Milestone Action HSE 1 Initiation - ACTS CEWG 7 1 Draft 1 - HSE Occ Hygienists 10 2 Draft 2 - HSE Industry Sectors 12* 3 Draft 3 - Industry Experts,SMEs 18 4 Draft 4- ACTS CEWG 20 COSHH essentials website * Input for Stakeholder generated Risk management HSE 3 New COSHH Reg 7(7) HSE Without prejudice ... control ... shall only be treated as adequate if: a) the principles of good practice for control of exposure are being applied b) any workplace exposure limit is not exceeded and c) exposure is reduced ALARP for substances which cause cancer* or asthma** * R45, R46, R49, or in Schedule 1 ** Includes any substance which risk assessment shows to be a potential cause of occupational asthma Adequate control HSE Adequate control HSE means addressing aN routes of exposure dermal HSE 4 dermal and ingestion Adequate control HSE and achieving adequate control means maintaining control measures Definition: control measure means a measure taken to reduce exposure including the provision of systems of work and supervision, cleaning of workplaces, premises, plant and equipment, the provision and use of engineering controls and PPE. Respirable dust in a foundry 1990-1999 20' Culture of reliance on RPE Poor use of LEV Poor maintenance 1999 Renovate fettling booths to design specification f IS' Rtttpirabttdust txpotur* limit Poor151997. Smjfm3 \ Post 1997 - 4rn^m3 | | Id' s s 1 ;. _______________ 7^ ' Fettling stands close to booths '* TM 1* *, m Ja A Evaluating the effectiveness of legislation, technology and working methods for reducing occupational exposure in the foundry industry. HSE Research Report 374. Styrene control measures in boat building general and ; of working (e.g yards the ig" fan) is of work (e.g set ;h' and 'pull' for pe of mould) addition, for more d working Styrene exposure control measures over five years HSE 199 7 19 98 1999 2000 2001 2002 2002 (March) (May) Occupational Ill Health in Britain 11 HSE Annual Incidence Asthma* Contact dermatitis** Breathing / lung problems*** (excluding asthma) Cancer**** 1 700 8 400 27 000 6 000 * based on THOR data (SWORD+OPRA) with notional adjustment for under-coverage and non-referral ** based on THOR data (EPIDERM) with notional adjustment for under-coverage and non-referral *** SWI survey **** HSE Statistics 5 COSHH essentials - Phase 3 Silica Welding Asthmagens - agriculture Printers Health surveillance 11 HSE Incidence of silicosis Silicosisor unspecified pneumoconiosis HSE Year of reported compensation Risk of silicosis HSE 15 yrs exposure to RCS (8hr TWA) mg.m-3 0.02 Predicted risk of silicosis within 15 yrs 0.25% 0.04 0.5% 0.1 2.5% 0.3 20% Respirable Crystalline Silica - Phase I. EH75/4. 2002 Risk of silicosis HSE European Commission 2002 Recommendation from the Scientific Committee on Occupational Exposure Limits (SCOEL) To protect against silicosis, an OEL should lie below 0.05 mg.m3 OELs (as quartz) in other countries HSE Country Denmark France Germany Italy Netherlands Norway UK USA NIOSH ACGIH OSHA Concentration (mg.m-3 8-hour TWA) 0.1 0.1 0.15 0.1 0.075 0.1 0.3 0.05 0.05 standards based on % silica in dust Worker exposure to silica HSE V I7 IV Stonemason Total > 100,000 workers Crystalline silica is found in most types of rock/stone, sands, shale, clays and gravel - mainly in the form of QUARTZ. Sandstone Granite Clays 80% quartz. 15-20% quartz. 6-30% quartz. RCS is generated in a wide range of work activities: Drilling, cutting, blasting, grinding, polishing, sanding, milling, crushing or fettling - any abrasive processing of rock or other materials (eg concrete) containing quartz. 6 Silica essentials sectors * Quarries * Slate Making * Stonemasonry * Ceramics * Foundries * Construction * Silica Flour * Brick-making and Tile-making 11 HSE Silica essentials - quarry tasks HSE Rock Drilling Excavating and haulage Crushing Drying and cooling Dry screening Dry grinding Jumbo bag filling Small bag filling and transfer Cleaning of contaminated surfaces Control cabins and vehicle cabs Generic Management Silica essentials Control guidance: Access Design and equipment Maintenance Examination and testing Cleaning PPE (plus 'S' sheet) Training Supervision Employee checklist HSE Terminology HSE Validation Confirmation that desired result will be achieved if | specific measures are properly applied.____________________ Verification Confirmation that desired result achieved under specific circumstances. Evaluation Measure of achievement of the desired effect. Good control practice - before HSE Good control practice - after HSE Brick making line in UK factory. Average exposures around 0.6 mg.m-3. Four workers contracted silicosis. Same factory after improvements made to reduce average exposure to 0.1 mg.m'3. 7