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6?2 CHAPTER 23 1958 Guide / Step 9. .Design Panel Area Divide the room heat loss found in Step 1 by the design panel output found in Step 8. '' ` .........Room A. B C Design Panel Area (A ,,) Sq ft 132 (Unchanged from Step 2) 77 242 Step 10. Total Panel Output Add the heat flow upward (qa) to the design panel output (gd) and multiply by the design panel area to obtain the total panel output. If the design panel output is different from the panel output (gd) used in Steps 3 and 4, the heat flow upward (g,,) should be .redetermined. Room Total Panel Output qs ?n + <?d Ap Ap(g,, + gd) Btu/hr A 12.5 47.7 60.2 132 7946 B 9.5f 32.5 42. 77 3234 C 5.5t 33 38.5 242 9317 . . t redetermined Step 11. Fluid Circuit Design the fluid circuit (panel piping and mains) for a temperature drop of 10 to 20 F deg between the water inlet and outlet of the panel (See Chapter 21 Hot Water Heating Systems). Step IB. Boiler Size Size the boiler according to method contained in Chapter 16 Heating Boilers, Furnaces, and Space Heaters. The net Btu rating of the boiler should equal or ex ceed the total output of all panels plus any other loads on the boiler. Procedure for Metal Ceiling Panels13 Follow the procedure for Hot-Water Plaster Ceiling Panels. Procedure for Concrete Ceiling Panels13 Concrete ceiling panels are distinguished from concrete floor panels in intermediate floors by the position of the tubes in the concrete slabs (see Tables 2 and 3). Both types of panels have heat outputs in both direc tions in amounts determined by the thermal resistances and the temper^ ature differences in the two directions. The effect of both outputs on heating requirements of the spaces and the comfort of the occupants should always be considered. (See section on Procedure for Concrete Floor Panels--Intermediate Slab.) The procedure for hot-water plaster ceiling panels cannot be applied in its entirety to concrete ceiling panels because some of the simplifying as sumptions regarding the upward heat flow from plaster panels are not Panel Heating 623 Table 2. Thebmal Resistance of Concrete Ceiling Panels Thebmal Resistance (F deg)(hr)(sq ft per Btu) CONSTRUCTION | \ 1 SURFACE X l ) in. COVER`D * Heat Flow Ratio qufq& 0 0.5s 1.0s . up down up down up down 6 in. Concrete Slab--1 in. covbb Yi in. (nom.) non-ferrous tube \ Yi in. (nom.) ferrous pipe or ^4 in. (nom.) non-ferrous tube 9 12 9 12 94 in. (nom.) ferrous pipe or 1 in. (nom.) non- 9 ferrous tube \ 12 - 15 1 inch (nom.) ferrous pipe 9 12 15 8 in. Concrete Slab--1 in. cover Yi in. (nom.) non-ferrous tube Yi in. (nom.) ferrous pipe or -K in. (nom.) non-ferrous tube 9 12 9 12 H in.* (nom.) ferrous pipe or 1 in. (nom.) nonferrous tube 9 12 15 1 in. (nom.) ferrous pipe 9 12 15 roe rd 3.6 0.30 5.1 0.35 2.6 0.25 4.0 0.30 2.1 3.34.5 0.20 0.30 0.35 1.6 0.20 2.6 0.25 3.6 ,0.30 3.6 5.2 2.9 4.0 2.2 3.3 .4.3 . 1.7 2.7 3.7 0.30 0.35 0.25 0.30 0.20 0.30 0.35 0.20 0.25 0.30 r0 rd ru . rd 0.9 0.35 0.7 0.45 1.1- 0.45 0.9 0.55 . 0.7. . 0.30 0.9 0.40 0.6 . 0.35 0.8 0.50 0.6 0.25 0.6 . 0;30 0.8 0.35 0.7 0.40 1.0 , 0.45 : 0.8 , 0.55 0.5 0.25 0.5 0.25 0.7 0.30 0.6 0.35 ' 0.9 0.40 0.7 0.45 1.0 0.35 0.8 0.40 ' 1.2 0.45 1.0 0.55 0.9 0.30 0.8 0.35 1.1 0.40 0.9 0.45 0.8 0.30 0.7 0.30 1.0 0.35 0.8 0.40 1.1 0.40 0.9 0.50 0.7 0.25 0.7. 0.25 0.9 0.30 0:8 0.35 1.0 0.40 0.9 0.4* Any ceiling panel also acts as a floor panel to the extent of its upward heat flow. If the upward heat ow is high and the space above is occupied, check floor surface temperature for possible foot discomfort (see Keference 7). Also check effect on heating requirements of the spaoe above. It is not good practice to have the major portion of the upper room's heating requirements supplied by the upward heat flow of a railing panel below. valid for concrete panels. The necessary modification of the plaster ceiling panel procedure is as follows: Step 1. Heat Doss Follow the procedure for Plaster Ceiling Panels, Step 1. Step B. Required Panel Output Follow the procedure for Plaster Ceiling Panels, Step 2. Step S. Panel Surface Temperature Follow the procedure for Plaster Ceiling Panels, Step 3. Step Upward Heat Flow Estimate udw r^e uPPer surface of the slab is exposed to form a floor, find the heat flow t from Fig. 16, using the panel surface temperature (/p) found in Step 3, and air temperature of the space above, b. If the upper surface of the slab is not exposed, use the equation: = C,(Jb - t,,) Step 5. Upward and Downward Panel Resistance (10) nioto<!Fow ,t*le procedure for Plaster Panels, Step 5, using Table 2 to find both re sistances (r,,. and rd).