Document rxVkLmjJ7QjZxKpEpbpeL92KV

C r Monsanto maumoju. dvwcAU co. ICO N. liAflarf* It. W>Mr 13188 n*: 3U) 814*1039 Karsh 18, 1975 y~. Can A. Albers Staff Supervisor Personnel Relations Westinghouae Electric Corporation Highway 5S West South Boston, Virginia 2t$t2 Lear Kr. Albert: Attached are responses to the questions Hated Ir. your letter dated February 3, 1575. In addition to the Indust:rial hygiene practices described In our responses to 7cur questions, I cannot overemphasise the need to properly coot:rol the use and handling of Inerteena to prevent thcl.r escape Into the environment. Also, In discussing this indorsation with your employees, I strongly recommend that: the perspective gained from over tO years of experience in, which no hur-an hare, has resulted, be emphasised. In sunm-sr7, the proper handling of Ir.erteer.s should pose no environoen tal or human health problems, permitting society's cent ir.ued use of a very valuable &a terial. I hope the above ir.forra tier, is useful to you. Id I can be of further service please let me know. Sincerely, VEPrpd V. B. Papageorge Kanager, Product Acceptability Specialty 4c Process Chemicals PENGAOBayonnft.N.J. C5S.N C C 1 ^ 1 ISO HARTOLDMONO017748 cc 1. Question: Does Inerteen have perraner.t effects cn the huran body? If so, what type of perraner.t daruge and how lens a period of tire does it tahe for this to - develop? If not, explain why, if possible. The polychlorinated biphenyls in Inerteen can have perranent effects on the huran body. The length of tire or period of exposure necessary to develop syrpters depends on the decree or arcunt of exposure. In general, a single exposure for a few nir.utes to atrospheric concentrations that cause irritation to the eyes end/or respiratory tract would not be expected to cause either the 6fcin eruptions or dercnstrable liver injury. Ihe probler arises fror repeated and prolonged exposure to atrospheric concentrations in excess of the accepted Threshold Lirit Levels or repeated and prolonged shin contact. The polychlorinated biphenyls have net been recogniced as shin "irritants" in the sare sense that caustic raterials or rar.y organic chericals are irritants. Because of their "solvent" action In reroving the natural fats and oils fror the shin, leaching, drying and chapping, repeated and prolonged shin contact should be avoided. Vhen the polychlorinated biphenyls are cixed with other chlori nated hydrocarbons, the rixture ray be classified as a shin irritant. The potential toxic effects in hurar.s fror excessive exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls include injury to the liver and chloracna. In anirals, the liver effect is deronstrated by increased liver weights and injury to cellular tissue. Although ehlcracne is difficult to evaluate in anirals, in hurar.s, this tahe the forr cf ccredor.es (large blackheads with typical acute pustules) and cay be an external syrptor of over exposure pre ceding serious liver injury. A.niral data and huran experience indicate that the toxic effects are sicilar whether exposure results fror ingestion, inhalation of vapors, or absorption of the liqpid raterial through the unbreken shin. (See A*HA Hygienic Guide Series - "Chlorodipher.yls" attached.) 2. Question: Several hourly er.ployees have rer.ticr.ed recently that rar.y chericals suck as Inerteen cause sterilitaticr. after prolonged use. Is this true? There is no evidence that polychlorinated biphenyls cause "sterilitaticr." in hurar.s. CC 1 19 6 HARTOLDMONO017749 c V '' ; 3. ^lesticn: Since Inerteen effects birds and ether aninals, . if there is no real effects to huaar. beings, hew do * you explain it to eeployees in such a way that they will understand why it can kill a bird and not a hunan? There is a potential real effect to hunans - including death as discussed in the answer to Question 1. , Due to differences in cetabolisr. of food (and food ccntaninants) in birds and hunans (and particularly the difference in the reproduction process in birds and ramala - inclu ding hunans), birds are particualrly sensitive to cany chlorinated hydrocarbons including polychlorinated biphenyls. h Question: If an enployee spills Inerteen on his clothing and later takes the clothing hone to be va ed with other _ clothes, will this have any effect on he or his fanily ' and should be carry his clothes hone to be washed? There should not be 'any effect on an enplcyee or his fanily fron hone laundering of verk clothing. If washed with otr.er clothing, there nay be(residual odor of the chlorinated hydrocarbons in the clothing. 5. Cues tier.: Eeployees carry Inerteen hcr.e on the soles of thei shoes and ccnplair. quite a bit about the effect Inerteen has on wearing cut their shoes. Is this a serious prcbl Vill Inerteen in the soles and leather of shoes, ever a long period of tine, have an effect on the feet and skin since the shoe is the only protective equipner.t we wear on our feet and the Inerteen penetrates through the leather. There should net be polychlorinated biphenyl on the floor for worknen to contaninate their shoes to carry hone. The plas ticizer or solvent action will destroy or shorten the life of the shoes. Here inpcrtantly, the wearing of ccntaninated shoes could lead to absorption of the liquid through the soles of the feet as through any other unbroken skin surface. . ' 6. Ouestion: There is one enployee in our plant who had no problen whatsoever with Inerteen years ago. After sin years of using, new when he works In Inerteen (which Is a part of his Job) he develops a swelling on the inner bicep of his left am, only in one location. Could this be free: Inerteen or not? It goes away as soon as he gets out of the Inerteen. It is sioilar to the swelling after taking an injection. G Ah CC 1 S*> 3 ?-7 HARTOLDMONO017750 cc Ve do not 'believe there can be any association betveen "a swelling on the inner bicep" of the arc: and exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls. 7. Question: Are there hand cleaning solvent caterials that we should be using when working in Inerteen to coat our shin before working in it and to wash it off after we finish working in it? Please give your recomendaticn. Our er.ployees working in Inerteen are not able to use gloves since it is an assembly area. Even if they could, the Inerteen would destroy the protective glove. Ve assure the question refers to the use of "Barrier Crears" rather than a "hand cleaning solvent". There are a nurber of barrier creers available to protect workers against water insoluble solvents. Probably the rest effective include silicone "to provide an irper.etrable shield". A probler with such crears is that they nay offer a false sense of security. Proper use includes a discipline which cation at the beginning cf a v:crk shif and after each v.-nening of the hands during the work day. c UbKN CClot*. 19 S HARTOLDMONOOI7751 cc HYGIENIC GUIDE SERIES ' Chlorodiplienyls t (Containing 42% tad j4% Chlorine) /l.i.r- su /$?.%*? CTar..'. X. ftj-vejl ft^porKoi1 The chlorudiphenrU arc Ilfht itrav-oJoird nofeiJe (42% ehloriaatrd) ud vucaui (54% ^loruutrd) liqwidi vnh trp'eal chlonnatrd aromatic odon. Thrie (omxusei Lrt chionnaicd *o epeahc veicr.u oi chlonne. ChloradishcnTl (42%) coatainj 42.0 -- 0.5 chlonne. in iunl courts sending o three chlorine nefu in unaasifned pniwnu Chrorodiphrnrt 13 I r I ccntauni 54.3% chlannr correipendmf to fire chlorine lloou to unassignrd positions tom compound arc inaoluoic to v&icr. hut sluhle in )oue, iaroacoc, occione, cm |i olcoool, ether end Ohiont'erm. Lr.fi (42%) 24251 ::s4j Fl4J-h point tC*e+tlxnd O. CO: Du1144j0 r%Act: ITI'.IK'C (J4'-15T) ja'-wc HiMWC tpacif jT^nrx: 1.3I1-1.322 C5V15J-C) (&r/u-3*C) V&por pr--4TX : o-c 0.001 mm ' ' 0 COOC* e=n y*c 0.XK mm (om) 0 DOC 3 4 bjes {rtt) 1J0*C 4.3 co 1.4 sua JOC'C 23 0 cue 1C SUB At 2yC udTUna HC: SATuriArd tir oauiAi O.CJO m^/limr O.X^ nt/liicr 1= l FP" ** ff.l P7 0.010 u</ucer 70 ppco 0.013 ttuc/litpr t. Hy^lanic Standard* A. KlOOMMCUOta MAXIMAL ITHClrHUlC ooianruTiOKi (8 hour*) : One nilllgrtm chlorodiphenyl (42%) per cubic meter al oir a-*vd 0-5 milliyrxu chJorodiphesrl (54%) per cubic meter of air.' TXa d baaed cn the rccula of TU wH m m W chronic mimai inhalation studio.1 B. Smot urottu tulmcauce: Ten n; of a diphenyl of umpceificd chlorine content per cubic meter of air hat been reported aa unbearably imtitinf. C. ArvoirKf^tc conciKTuneN imtEOtATU.T iiaiaaoous to urt: Not Lnowii for man. Irritation of the r>n, note tad throat at levelt which have not caused acute itlncn preclude the lileliKood of voluntary exposure to immedi ately haxardoua concentrations COVo4^ Cd^K 199 HARTOLDMONO017752 X. c Jtnunj-FcbrtMry' /$5 11. Toxic hepmrilrt A- Ikmauitiow: Experiment! with ehlorodiphesyl (42f chlorine) were run at concentration! of 3.6 xg/littr and at 6.33 *j/Utcr of air. Cau. mice, rabbita and mi rre unaffected by the higher level while guinea pip iho-ed poor growth after irvmtecn 7-hour/day at. poaures over 24 dart. Eighty-four 7nour/day erpenura at the lower con centration had cnentullv no effect on am ill r tprciei of animala.* In the ojc of ehlorodiphenyl (34% chlorine) eijhrr-lhree 7-hour/day expaaures over 121 dap to a concern. boa of 3.4 rg/liter multed in injury to liver relit and increated Ever weight! in n& At a concentration of 1 -5 xg/liter for one hundred and fifty 7-hour/day ccporurei over 213 dayx, the nu abowed dicinct ciicroacopic chanra in the liva-.* The literature contain! many referoon to the potential toxic effect! of rfslorinated diphenyh in man and an!mail The early work included investi gation! of chlorinated naphthalenrt. chlorioated diphenylt. chlorinated diplienyl oxide and various mixiurc of these. Ao early report indicated tcriout toxic effect! from chiorodiohenyl chlori nated to the cutest of 6ifx.' A later report by the principal author properly desefied the earlier urr.ple aa a mix ture of chlorinated diphenvi and chlori nated diphenyl benrene* However, only a few author! of ubaeeurr.t papers. bulIrtisa or lor.bocki have noted thia cor rection and the oririnal data are cited repeatedly aa reiaung to chlorinated diphcsyl alone. B. Saw coktact: Both compound! ire -readily abaorbed through the clipped, otar*. akin of .rabbita. The minimum lexhal doae when the undiluted mate rial! were applied to die co-ind bum tkin of rabbit! for 24 hour! wxa approximately |.0 tnfi; for the 42CI chlorinated and M g-n/k j for tSe 34 chlorinated.' T ml action on the akin a timilar to that of common organic tolvrrni -- here coouCl leadi to removal of natural fata and oih .with sjbsequeot drying and pvhv of the ilia. Human dies of chlorxcne have not been reported from the uie of there two apeciiie ehlorodiphenylu The potential undoubtedly extiu becauae of caaea which were reported from the ue of ehlorodiphenyla with a higher chlorine -content and from mixture! with other chlorinated aromatic com poundt'-1-* C. Ere ao teract: The liquid producti and their vaport are moderately irritating to eye tiaojea. D. Inccjtiom: The acute oral toxiettiea of the undiluted compounds are not peat aa evidenced by oral LDu't in rati of approximately 8.&3 gm (7.SI to 9.73 gm) per kilogram for the 42^ chlori nated and 115 gm (10.4-3 to 13.45 gm' per kilogram for the 34chlorinated.' Central atrophy of the Ever appears to be the chief toxic effect. 111. Industrial Hygiana Practice A. Iwpvmiai. t'su: The chlcrodiphtr.ylt are uxed aa dielectric! for condenwrt. capacitors and rrx'or.r.m. piaaticiim in fyr.theoc reains, in emumen adhtvrva. aa acr.fiammacle hydraulic fi.uirii and aa canafer media. B. Evatvartox or tircaintzi: 1. Air itmflinf and rufyrir: a. Direct field metlioda: None b. Laboratory methoda: (1) Collect in ccor.darv buryi alcohol in fritted bubbler or two large impingert in lerirs; concentrate tample and complete analrtis by one of various metnods for chlo rinated hydrocarbon!.' (2) Sample air through cornbunion furnace. collect chlonde ion from decom posed cblorediphenyl in unable alkaline solution and determine chloride loes con centration.* C. Haraxna axo rxttx axcouxcHOCo coKTaot: 1. fakafariaa; Absorption ia chiefly bv inhalation. Concentrators! in the workroom atmosphere should be maintained brio-- tlie recommended levtia. Where the chlormated diphcsyls ire vrsed at room tempera - ) .I .i i gC^ cc 1 S'* 0 ZOO I I HARTOLDMONO017753 C c Jo-nnory-fc on^xryI I5CS turn. the Ha card of inhalation ii considered slight or liwsit. When these materials are subjected to elevated temperature, the precexi either should be completely enclosed or other adequate mechanical ev Lauat ventilation mutt be provided to reduce concentrations to a/e levels. In heat transfer media applicat loci, the ivstem muss be designed and constructed ao that it it leak proof. Special gasket materiali tod mp icalv are available to prevest kage. The mervsir tank should be airtight except lor a vent to the outdoors. 'In the event of spills or Iraki of hot fluids, use chemical cartridge respirators or fu masks approved by the U. S. Bureau of Mines for protection against organic vapors. These wiil provide good protection up to the concentrations shown oa the approval labels and the odor will gite ample warning if it oroea through the device. 2. Skin contoct: Operation and handl ing procedures should be such at to avoid the possibility of prolor.erd or repeated tkin contact. Contaminated clothing mutt be laundered before mat. 3. Eye contort: Eye protection should be used where there is a possibility of liquid spLllScs. 4. /xjrrtion: Injrm'on of these materizia is not a problem in industry. 3. Fire rni czplonen: The chlorodiphecayls are ftre-rsistant or easenbally oor.flam.-r.abie liquids. When crpoKd to flame or hot airfares they mav decompose to form CO, COh HCi. phesoiics and aldehydes depending on the temperature, avaitabsliry of oxygen. ares of the heated ... aurficc, rate of application of the liquid e the fur/ace and other variable IY. Medical Ldormafion A. Excacancr ntsnavr: Skin turfsees exposed to chlorndiphenyls sltould be tbormighfy washed with soap and water at boot. If clotiling has been contami. Bated*it should be removed promptly. If exposure to a high vapor eoncea. nation occurs, aa in the ra v of apills at elevated temperatures, the patient should be nvovrd irons exposure and kept at rest unol seen by a phvsician. Oxygen should be administered if breathing ia difficult. Eyes contaminated with chlorodiphenyl should be irrigated with water for at least 13 minutes and the patient should be seen by a physician. Depend ing on the amount of inflammation and pain present, drugs like Cortirsonn* ointment and topical Pontorainc* may be indicated. B. Srzcja. rxoeiotraaa: Persons who ire regularly or repeatedly reposed to chlorodiphersyla should be examined perindically to detect early evidence of skin irritation and/or liver damage. Persons with known liver disease should not be eapmeti to reseated conun with the chlorodiphertyic Y. Ishnnui 1. Monsanto Comoany, Organic Chemi cals D tvision: TscA. Bulletin X PL-206, Atoclor Flor.icixen (Dec. 1960). 2- American Conference of Covemmmui Industrial Hvr.cnisn: Tr.-eshold Limit Value* for 1964. AMA Arch. Emiron. Httlth 9: 345 (1964). 3. Troon, J. F., F. P. Cleveland. J. Cappcl, tod R. W. Atchley: The Tostieirv of the Vapcn of Aroclor 1242 and Aroeior . 1234. Amrr. fad. Hyj. Ajioc. Qcxrt. 17: 204 (1936). 4. Eliba H. 3.: The Ckcmutry of Ir.iuctrvaf Toxicoio^y. John Yi'iicv and Scr.t. Inc., Sew York (1939). ' 5. Drinker, C. X.. M. F. Warres. and C. A. Bertnet: The Problem of Possible Systemic Effects from Certain Chlori nated Hv-drocarbcns. ]. Ini. Hj[ Toe ' Uol. /9: 221 (1917).' 6." Drinke-, C. K.: Further Observations on the Possible Systemic Toxieiiv of Ceroia of the Chlorinated Hvdroearboos. J. Ini. Hy[. Toxicol. 21: 133 (1939). 7. Wheeler. E. P.: Personal Communica tion. Monsanto Company, St. Lotus, Missouri 63166. 8. Creesburg. L., M. R. Mavers. and A. R_ Smith: The Swiemie Effects Rrsuhiog from Eaysovure to Certain Chlunnated Hvdroearbona. /. Ini. H){ Toxuol. 21 -'25 (1939). &EAh CC 1 o*1 7 Iii II III I1 \II I I I I 1 Cl HARTOLDMONO017754 HYCIEX1C curacs COMMITTXI C. f. GaorteTxo. CAaormoi N. Z. Ioitox t- > f---ii J. W. Q-rro.f K. 1. luni F. D. lUiur Vui Hm J. A. Hvoro* D. LUcJa J. U. Ue.Vu>tr, Jl J. L fnum ). I. OumJirau Z. A. Frrrrro U. C. JLL.Xjlluom W. L. 5utto. JL C Woi C. L Wo.ua Hrtirm'c Gaalio ihi nur be obioawd from the aaosacox nsvima T5un *iiocuTw>, 14123 PrTRwi. Deiroii 27. Machacoju at 23 rrnta cocfa far >^|UI rronoaa: 30 crnu aacl for four.p*4c rrrnnu. Ail rdrra tor 1* than S2 00 maul bo preoord. Diacovni of 21T2 ora a^dcn o1 Are or uoarr Cwarira. 40*3 diacouiai on ordcra ol 100 or morr Gaaadn. SoocloJ looackef banden for Uae Caaadn blot oiao be ordered from the Aiariou-- aAn for 3J--3 awa. I c l*oRh C C 1 0 <a O :o2 HARTOLDMON0017755