Document rxB2Xd3DxJa1g1nXonGj1aed7

Return to Agenda No. E31 Author R. S. Tenb NBrf DEVELOPMENTS TO THE SWP OIOSS AND FIAT LINES AND COMMONWEALTH PAINTS The Sherwin-Williams Co. PVAL 2nd Annual Symposium November 1956 Cleveland, Ohio RECEIVED NQVc3 l9f.G WRU Abstract* The SWP dark trim colors have been converted to 1005* alkyd systems for better drying. Colonial Bam Red is developed as a bright barn paint. Commonwealth Willow Green is developed with Chrome Oxide for good eolor retention. SWP Velvet Flat (l) Primer has improved sealing by replace ment of Amine-0 with Thixein. (2) Small particle sise inert shows big improvement of flashing and brush marking on broad flat surfaces. C3) Velvet Flat shows excellent blister resistance when self-primed en bare wood. Confidential for S-W Technical Personnel Only 0007-SWP-043979 N23321 r* r r 3WP DARK TRIM PAINTS Tan years ago if one trimmed hie house with an SWP Trim Brite color, he could not be assured of good gloss, good drying, or absence of severs chalk face In a relatively short time* Today, the same color produces an enamel gloss, good drying, and less tendency to chalk face* What are some of the changes that hare occurred formula-wise in the SWP Trim Colors over the past ten years that have contributed significantly to these improvements? Of the sixteen basic SWP Qloss House Paint Colors, there are eight that va consider special problems beeauss of their depth of color. They are often referred to as the SWP Dark Trim Paints. They are the Ardmore Green, Royal Maroon, Manor Brown, Auburn Brown, Winthrop Red, Solfast Red, Uranian Blue and Hibernia Green* The changes that have occurred in this group can best be seen from an examination of a typical trouble maker such as Ardmore Green, Rex A2 012, formerly Rex 4l6. In 1946 Ardmore Green was formulated at a P7C of 23i. The formula carried 1-3/4 pounds of Micro Velva, 1-1/2 pounds of 35/65 leadsd zinc, color pigmented with Psrmansa Tallow G, Solfast Blue, and Formanaa Green Standard Olive, The vehicles were .24 gallons of (46) ($0% linseed, 30# soya, 20jf CWO), .08 gallons of raw linseed oil, and .19 gallons of our current linseed aoya long oil alkyd, (3870). This basic formula continued in use for eight years with minor modifications in use at various times. Complaints were received because of bad chalk face and poor drying. In 1954 in an effort to improve chalk resistance, color fade, and to speed up drying, the leadsd sine was removed and improved vehicles used. The formula than carried 3/4 pounds of calcium carbonate, color pigmented with Solfast Sky Blue, non crystallizing, and Chrome Tallow lemon. The vehiol* portion was 0007--SWP-043980 0007-SWP-000127330 Page 2 .23 gallons of leaded tong linseed, (27C7), >23 gallons of (3870), and ,3Ji gal lons of bodied linseed* This formula was a marked improvement over the previous in reducing chalk face, color fade, and speeding up drying. However, the drying was still not sufficiently good to eliminate all complaints, so the next step was to con vert to a 100} alkyd formula similar to the current Kent Bulletin line* The two alicyds used in the new formulas are (3857), a 50-50 linseed soya PE alkyd at 50% HVM, and (3870), a linseed soya long oil alkyd at 9011 NVM. These alkyds are used in approximate ratios of two parts by volume of the (3870) to one part of (3857)* Pigment volume concentrations range from ap proximately 7 to lk-1/2} with varying amounts of Micro Velva, 6235, for flow control in addition to small amounts of Bentons 3k, 6210. An unusual feature of these 100} alkyd formulae is the large quantities of lead used in the form of litharge, 3810 (.12 Hbs./gal.) and lead naphthenate, (902) (*U to .7 lbs./gal.) in addition to .1 gallon of manganese naphthenate, (9k2), .05 gallons of Tetrachlor Phenol Solution, (1035), and in some cases .23 gallons of cobalt naphthenate, (932), Attempts to lower these drier concentrations have rot been successful, but as the formulas now stand they shov a marked improvement in drying over pre vious formulae, especially in reduction of tack on overnight drying. Viacoslty Stability One might ba concerned over the package stability of suoh concentrations of lead) however, we have not seen any unusual package condition of any of these colors yet with our first production now being nine months old. 0007-SWP--043981 0007-SWP-000127331 5WP Dark Trim Paints Pege 1 Viscosity Stability (Con't.) X sample of Uranian Blna was bald at 118 to 120?. for 8*1/2 months with a alight loaa in overnight drying and a minor change In viscosity oharaoteristice as compared with tha same hatch s torad at normal tenqoeraturee end a batch mad* on the sane formula but of recent manufacture. Settling oondition of all samples waa excellent. Batch Initial Vise. (1) Rex X2lix0 (8$ mo. X 3U85 118-120F) 35* (2) Rex X2th0 (Kept at room X 3li85 temperature) 35" (3) Rex X21U0 X l6o6 28* Viscosity 8-J mo. 28" hO" Set to Touch Drying 16-20 hrs. 2 hr. 15 min. 31. tack 1 hr. U5 min. 31. tack 2 hr. Vi si* ttok The results of this test show some loaa In overnight drying over an 8-1/2 month period whether the sample is held at elevated tenfiaratura or room conditions] however, this mall loss In drying is not consIdarad at all serious for this length of time. Of Interest is the fact that the freah batch of Uranian Blue had a slightly slower set-to-touah time than the sample held at room temperature for 8-1/2 months, but was a little better on the overnight dry. Viscosity stability of this formulation appears very satisfactory. Wrinkling Tests With this large amount of drier one would also be concerned over possi bilities of surface wrinkling. When tha change was originally mads to the Ken Bulletin type of formula, early laboratory batches shoved a tendsnoy to surface 0007-SWP--043982 0007-SWP-000127332 Page 1 Wrinkling Testa (Con't.) dry- overnight with a very 00ft film underneath. This vas overcome somewhat byreducing viscosity from 35*-UO" #3 S-W cap to 30*-3$" to eliminate excessive film build. Comparisons vers made between the present 100% alkyd formula and the previous semi-alkyd type containing leaded tung linseed, (27C7), for wrinkling tendencies. The tests vers conducted by applying the Uranian Blue, Manor Brown, Royal Maroon and Auburn Brown to glass panels at 6 mils vet film thickness. Heat was supplied by infra-red bulb at temperatures of 110, 130, and lluO0 and held for seven hours. Faint research ran similar testa on metal panels but at higbar tempera tures* 170F. for a period of 2 to 3 hours at 5 and 8 mils film thickness, using Winthrop Red end Uranian Blue as the test paints. It vas concluded from these tests that at the higher temperatures, 170?. used by Paint Research and at our ll0F., the 100% alkyd formula shoved more tendency to wrinkle. At 130P. and below, we concluded the differences et 5 mils film thickness were negligible. Wo are not satisfied with this surface drying although through dry is invariably complete within 60 hours for films of 6 mils, UO hours for h mils, and 20 hours for 2 mils. The problem presents several possibilities for solutions (a) A better drying long oil alkyd to replace (3870) may be developed which will require less drier. (b) Better combinations of driers may be found. (c) The resin content of the total vehicle solids may be boosted higher then the 333h% in the currant formulas. (This would tend mors toward enamel type formulae end are therefore some what limited for use as exterior trim paints.) 0007-SWP-04 398 3 0007-SWP-000127333 Pag# 5 r Adhesion Teats This change to a 100? alkyd formila had been under oonaideration for soma tine in the peat, hut there was some hesitancy heeauaa of diffloultias ex perienced with poor adhesion among competitive products* This is believed to have been caused by a combination of alkyd plus zinc oxide in the formula itself. We know from our blister box testa using our current 100? alkyd formula that poor adhesion over bare wood la no problem as excellent blieter resistance ie ex hibited. It is conceivable that a customer using our current dark trim paint as a body color oYar a pAint'containing zinc may have an adhesion problem although we have no evidence to support this. Production Problems Excessive Initial flow was encountered in the changeover to the 100? alkyd formulae. To prevent factory production tie-ups in correcting flow prop erties by additives* we incorporated 2 to 6 pounds of Bentons 3k in the formulas which eliminated the problem without harm to glose or other properties. Color float has been somewhat evident sines the adoption of the low PVC type of trim paints* although it may be that ve are more conscious of the problem now than we have been in the past. The two colors that have given the moat trouble in this respect are Wlnthrop Bed and Hibernia arson. Chicago has had some difficulty with Ardmore Green and Auburn Brown, finding it necessary to dry grind for one hour in the presence of two pounds per 100 gallons of a sur factant* 63C8* from Iiperial Color and Chemical Company to reduca this float. The blue In Hibernia Green was changed from the Flushed Phthalo Blue base, 77C31, to 77C$1, a Phthalo Blue flushed in (37C18), PE soya roein modified alkyd varnish to minimise flooding and floating. 0007--SWP-043984 0007-SWP-000127334 3WP Dark Trim Fknta r Production Problems (Con't.) Pag* 6 Vinthrop Had has shown a peculiar dark float only on occasions ,, Va havs found excesaivs ball mining time will accentuate the float condition. Currently we are working with a precipitated type of iron oxide, BltYll, and Talc 399, 6223, in place of the harder oxide, 81A9, and Micro Valva, 6235. This permits shorter ball milling time because of the softer particles and re duces the floeting condition. Special Problem with Vardas Green For a long time this particular color has been a special problem be cause of its poor color retention, especially In hot climates. Paint Research, on the basis of their exposure data, has found a combination of Ti Tint Yellow, flOAlU, Solfast Green, 7910, and Chrome Yellow Lemon, 8002, to produce the best I durability for this particular color, and our present formula Is carrying this combination. Colonial Barn Red and Commonwealth Willow Green The new bright bam red. All Rl5, is formulated with J$% Toluidins and 65* Kroma Red Oxides ea the basic color pigments et a P7C of 28$. The ve hicles used are the seme as in Rex 60, the darker Commonwealth Barn Paint. Since cost wee a vital faotor, the cheapest type vehicles, blown fish oil, (2752), raw oil and tall oil alkyd, (36Ji3), were used with a minimum of Toluidins for brightness. Production also had to be by ball mill to reduce cost. The formula as originally costed, netted a gross profit of 25$ with a dealer cost of |3*U5 per gallon. r 0007-SWP-043985 0007-SWP Page 7 Colonial Bara Rad and Cornonwaalth Willow Green (Con*t.) The Comonvaalth Willow Green was developed as a result of complaints on performance of Rax Uo5, the old Commonwealth Green made with Chroma Green pig ment. Although it was recognized that Rex Uo5 took considerable abuse by unrecoimnended painting of roofs, it was felt expedient to coma out with a rare permanent type of green at a higher cost. Commonwealth Willow Green is formulated with one pound of Chrome Oxide, 7850, 1.35 pounds of Micro Velva and using tha same vehicles aa our regular barn paint. Production Problems Drying of the barn paints in general has been questionable with these low cost vehicles, especially during high humidity and when tasted indoors. Out side drying has generally- been adequate for tha expooted usage of these materials. The 3WP Velvet Flat line If you read tha label directions on a can of SWP Velvet Flat you can quickly see the variety of problems that might be encountered in the actual ap plication ovar the many and varied surfaces. It states* "SWF Exterior Velvet Flat Paint is designed for use on stucco, concrete, cement block, brick, masonry, wood shingle shakes, rough lumber and asbestos shingles. It is not recommended for tha painting of roofs.* To successfully coat these various surfacss requires a well-designed product. SWP Velvet Flat la a line-free type of formula flatted with Diatomaceous Earth at a PVC slightly above the CPVC to give it the neoeasary flatness but not > 0007--SWP-043986 0007-SWP-000127336 3WP Dark Trim Point* Page 8 Tho SWF Velvet flat line (Con't.) excessive permeability. PVC'e range from 28-33/C approximately. Our mildev pro tection is secured by Cuprous Oxide, $930, in the dark colors and soluble Mercury Compounds in the light ones. The Dlatomaceous Earth used in all the colors except the Sundale Yellow is Dieallte SA-3, 6026, supplied by the Dicalits Co. Used in quantities of 1.? to 2.1i pounds per gallon, at a FVC between 28 and 33, a flat film is produoed with an angular sheen of 2-6 unite as measured on an 85 Photovolt Qloasmeter. The Johns-Manville Co. also supplies Dlatomaceous Earth and previous to the development of the SWP Velvet Flat was listed under the same specifications as the Dicalits material. The two materials are not interchangeable in the Velvet Flat Line and are therefore now listed under two asperate numbers, 6026 for the r Dicalits material and 6028 for that supplied by Johns-Kanvllle. Paints made with the Johns-Manville material are redder in odor, higher in sheen, 7-10 units on an 85 Photovolt Olossmster, and have higher vis cosities. These differences are sufficiently great to preclude the use of the two items interchangeably. In thp Sundale Yellow color we found it neoeaaary to use a calcined type Dlatomaceous Earth, 6032, for better whiteness in order to obtain the desired shade. Production Problems 1. Flashing on Lap. With a gloss in the range of 0-6 on an 85 glpsameter, considerable care was needed In manufacturing to prevent high sheen and consequent eaossssire gloeay spots on laps. Production by roller or ball mill accentuated this flash r ing condition. 0007-SWP-043987 0007-SWP-000127337 SWP Dark Trim Paints Page 9 Production Problems (Con*t) Production on Hi R Spend milla with loose mixing procedures gave us the best results so plant production was set up on this basis. A further Improvement to eliminate flashing was accomplished by stir ring in 15 pounds per 100 gallons of the Dicalite In the actual batch thlndown. This procedure is incorporated in the formulae, 2. Drying of Sundale Yellow, Al Y 27. The Sundale Yellow formulation with .7 pounds per gallon of Ti Tint Yellow* 60Alii, exhibited poor drying overnight - 16 to 20 hours. Films were unusually soft after this period. This condition was corrected by Increasing the litharge content from ,oU to .1 pounds per gallon. 3. Settling. The Velvet Flat package condition, in general, has been good. Vfe have had cases of hard settling but for the most part these have been linked to the shipping distance - the farther the shipment, the worse the settling. Bentcne 3h in the form of the base BI 72 is used for controlling both flow and settling in a quantity of .1)2 pounds per gallon. We have various other agents under test at present to improve this settling condition. Field Experience We have had many satisfactory jobs with SWP Velvet Flat and we have also had some problems. Probably the easiest surfaces to coat are the shingles and shakes. The product has been well tailored to cover the sharp ridges of shakes and not drip off the bottom. Bex A2 W2 Primer is used as the undercoater 0007-SWP-043988 0007-SWP SWF Dark Triat paints Page 10 Field Experience (Con't.) under the light colors on wood surfaces, and a mixture of undercoater vehicle, A1 V2, 1 part to U parts of dark color, is used as the undercoater for the dark colors. Nunfeer 6l Primer (styrene butadiene solvent type), because of its al kali resistance, is used as undercoater on the non-wood surfaces mentioned above. Variation in Primer Sealing One of the first problems encountered was the variable sealing of the 61 Primer on porous type surfaces such as cement asbestos shingles. These shingles are quite prevalent in certain neighborhoods and were usually sold with a promise to the customer that they would never have to paint them. Many of these shingles are now being painted because of their drab p- r * pearance. Their age varies between 6 months and UO years and their porosity varies with the degree and lmgth of exposure. The variation in sealing of the 61 Primer was traced to the presence of the Amine-0, (1762), in the formula used as our anti-settling agent and was accentuated somewhat by the presence of Kern Tinting color. Currently the Amlne-0 has been replaced by 3 pounds par 100 gallons of Thixcln, a modified hydrogenated castor oil compound. Laboratory teats of this new product show its superior sealing ability compared with the old, both in the tinted and untinted types, A reoent test house (cement asbestos shingles) 1? years old, nsvnr painted, was sealed effectively with one coat of the new 6l Primer and topcoated with SWP Velvet Flat Yossmite Green. 0007-S'WP--043 989 0007-SWP-000127339 SWP Dark Trlja Painta Page 11 linseed Oil Test If one coat of sealer has not done a thorough job of sealing, an in termediate sealer coat Is recomnsnded end is usually required on very pjsroua surfaces. It Is not always easy to tell If an intermediate coat Is needed unless the top coat is actually applied and allowed to dry overnight. A simpler method which has given us reliable results so far is to coat several questionable shingles with liberal amounts of raw linseed oil and then watch it for half an hour for any evidence of strike in. A surface that requires an intermediate coat of sealer will show definite signs of striking in within the half hour period. At least on the tests made so far, this has been true. The house mentioned above was tested in this manner, showing no strike In of the raw linseed oil and good uniformity of the top coat of Tosemlte Green. Flashing and Brush Marks Another difficulty we have had is in the coating of broad, flat, smooth surfaces such ss concrete and stucco walls. When such a surface is painted with a dark color like our Redwood, undesirable flashing and brush marks are evident when viewed In bright sunlight and at low angles. We have examined all major competitive flats and they have the same de fect. We did find that we oould correct the situation by use of very fine par ticle materials such as Mlcrooel, a synthetic calcium silicate with a pH of 8 to 9.5, supplied by Johns -Manville. Particle size ranges from .05 to .1 micron as compared to 14 microns for Diatomaceous Earth. We also found this material helped the lapping charsctaristics of the flat when applied on broad flet sur faces. We find It produces effactive flatting when used et 1.3 pounds per gallon at a PVC of 29*. 0007-SWP--043990 Page 12 r" Flashing A Brush Marks (Con't.) Of significant importance In tha use of such an Inert is the increased fade resistance indicated by veatherometer and gernioidal lamp expoauree. There are different grades of Mlcrocel available - A, B, C, D, S, and at least one experimental type. Host of our laboratory work and all of the ex terior house painting program has been done with the C grade. There may be slight advantages in the other types that will become evi dent as we go along. We get better drying in the Z grade, for examplej however, for all around performance at present, we think the C grade does a pretty good job as a typical representative of the Microoel type extender in the 3WP Velvet Flat. Shortcomings of this new type extender are soft film on overnight drying, rough Him texture resulting from difficult dispersion, and some tendency to show cut through when brushing. Although tha film is soft after overnight drying, r 16 to 20 hours, it is approximately equal to standard with Dicalite after h8 hours. To date we have not been able to speed up this drying appreciably. Brush out through has not been a serious problem being largely eliminated by proper flow control. Poor dispersion is still a problem not only with us but is also recognised by tha raw material supplier who la actively engaged In working out a solution. The high pH of Microoel is a factor that may influence exterior exposure result* and will bear watching. Test Houaaa W# have a rrtufcer of teat houses in the Cleveland area ooiparing sideby-eide tha durability of paints mads with KLorocal versus our current formula In the following oolorat Redwood, Amur* Blue, Plight Cray, loaemite Green, and Sundal# Yellow. 0007-SWP-043991 0007-SWP-000127341 Pag* 13 With the Abu t * Blue and Plight Gray tests, we also have on test a formula with one-half pound of leaded zinc per gallon to note the effeot of a email amount of reactive pigment in this type of formulation. With some re active pigment we night expect a harder film more resistant to mildew and with Improved oolor retention. Blister Resistance A novel feature of the Velvet Fist Line Is Its resistance to blis tering when self-primed on new wood, which is probably largely due to Its semipermeable film and, of oourse, the absence of any sine oxide. At present we have two houses for test purposes that have had sevare blistering histories. The Velvet Plat White, two coats, will be compared tot SWP Undercoater AZW2 plus SWP Clone AZWli) H?8Uli, Intermix White, two coatsj B & B Competitive Blister Resistant type, two coats) and H98Uli based on lOOff alkyd, two ooats. A difficulty encounters d In this type of test Is removal of previous coats of paint sufficiently wall to give a good bare wood surface to make the test worth while. Regardless of the amount of burning and sanding that 1s done, there is always a certain amount of pigment or binder left In the wood. With more experience with these blister resistant paints, we should be able to determine the best type of surface preparation required to get satis factory results. At present we belisve our Velvet Plat line to be as blister renintant or better then any paint marketed aa a blister resistant type. Whether such types will have unusual public appeal remains to be seen. At present we have made no effort to capitalize on it. 0007--SWP-043992 0007-SWP-000127342 J SWP Dark Trial Paints Page lit r* Conclusion In conclusion, the SWP Dark trim colors show much improved drying by converting to a 100$ allcyd type system. Colonial Bam Red has been developed as a bright bam red with 35$ Toluidine and 65$ Kroma Red oxides. Commonwealth Willow Green has been de veloped tilth color retentive Chrome oxide. SWP Velvet Flat Primer has improved sealing with Thlxcin replacing Amine-O as the anti-settling agent. Desirable features of Improved color re tention and lass flashing and brush marking are incorporated in the Velvet Plat Line by a new type small particle size inert. The Velvet Plat line exhibits excellent blister reslatence when self-primed on bare vood. r S. F. Carlson Director, Tech Service Department 9/10/56 r 0007-SWP-043993 0007-SWP-000127343