Document rpbOmRqvb8558L1kJKNxBM7Vr

5 6 90 oo 10 CITY Cleveland, Ohio d a t e july 27, 1950 SUSJECT JURE PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT REPORT ANSWERING LETTER OF !1 FOR i) Teste are continuing at Reading and Cleveland on the use of oiticica oil in syndicate and trade sales varnishes. Of -particular interest in this report is Nubian's work on the evaluation of pigments for metal primers. This information should be of help to anyone desiring definite resistance properties in metal prlmerB. It is worthy of note that Nubian is recommending Spred Satin as a pro tective coating over asphalt impregnated asbestos board. This shove the diversified uses of such a product as Satin. The publicity attendant to Bilicone auto polishes prompted the work com pleted at Cleveland. Eased upon this report eilicone polishes do not appear to have any advantage over our Glid-N Automobile Polish. The use of vinyl resins in water tank finishes is also noted in the Cleveland report. These materials will be used in a large water tank test program and the results should prove of Interest. The importance of governmental specifications is seen at Reading where recent work has been completed on T-1279-D Oleoresinous Bnuisifieble Camouflage Paint. The use of vinyl resins by the Navy is, also definitely shown by the Bureau of Ships specifications for primer, intermediate coat, anti-fouling and boottopping finishes. There is no doubt that specifi cation work will-become increasingly-important in the immediate future. Toronto's report again shows the diversification at that plant. Of par ticular interest is the comparison of Vinyl-Cote-Black and White Pli-Namel showing the advantage of vinyl formulations in chemical resist ance. Also Toronto's tests on styrenated alkyds shows the comparison of our own GRV-2080 versus competitive material#. It is clearly Indicated that GRV-2080 is comparable to the present materials on the market. New Orleans also shows interesting developments in industrial finishes. The influence of faster drying products is s Ibo seen in the use of styrenated alkyds at New Orleans. HWD/lms H. W. Dell l. GLD006936 PJI1I E R STUDY Series It Evaluation of Inerts & figments I. INTRODUCTION In order to formulate efficient primers, it has been suggested to evaluate thoroughly the various usable inerts and pigments as well as the many avail able aikyds used as binders. This report is the first of a series in that direction. It includes the evaluation Qf eighteen fillers most commonly used in primers. In this study, only single pigment primers at equal pigment volume were prepared, which is to be given full consideration in those cases where results may contradict present practi.ce. Vdth this approach, physical data a3 vetting, grinding, settling, hardness, holdout and adhesion were made available for each specific filler. Its effect on resistance proper ties, (humidity, salt spray and alkali resistance) were also noted. It is hoped that the data reported herein will act as a valuable guide in success ful formulation of primers and surfacers. II. EXPERIMENTAL All single pigment primers employed the soya type alkyd, V-8U9-G, as binder. The other components present in the primers are listed belovr in the general primer formula. General frimer Formula Inert or pigment S-?l VM-h31 Ihite Lecithin S-1L3 V-8h9-G X oz. 1 1. oz/gal 1 1. oz/gal l/2 1. oz/gal 1 oz. (G 3/h) 7 oz. (G 1) The amount of inert or pigment used in the above formulation depended on its bulking value. Many of the fillers testeddd not require any more resin for satisfactory grinding than that specified in the formulaj many others with high oil absorption values required much more resin for proper "wetting of the filler. In no case, however, v/ere the limits of the formula exceeded. iLe primers were prepared in one quart pebble mills. Usually ovemite grinding was sufficient time for dispersing the inert to a No. 6-1/2 rating. Each primer was subjected to a baking schedule of 30 minutes at 325 F. Nubelite S-3820 was used in all cases as the standard topcoat enamel. Its baking schedule was 30 minutes at 300 F. A detailed table of results is included in this report indicating the various physical properties of the primer and the primer-top coat system. III. RESULTS & DISCUSSION A comparison of barytes, the natural product and blanc fixe, the precipitated form of barium sulfate, revealed that the latter would be much more desirabJ 3 in orimers than barytes. The blanc fixe, owing to its roicrocrystalline character, has slightly more opacity and more bulking power. A careful study -9- GLD006937 of the tT.o primers, however, showed a slight preference for the barytes. The blanc fixe, although it is of fine and soft texture, settled slightly more than the coarser barytes; it also was definitely more brittle than the barytes. Its other properties on an average were considered comparable. Lithopone possessed much superior hiding than the barium sulfate. Its anti settling properties were also an advantage. Besides these characteristics it compared favorably with barytes and blanc fixe. The two titanium dioxides, rutile and anatase, rendered primers with . practically identic ?1 characteristics. The anatase pigment displayed slightly better suspension qualities. Both pigments, as has been expected, were much more resistant to blistering in the continuous alkali and humidity tests than ths barium sulfate modifications. It will be noted that the interface adhesion betv.aen the white primers and the topcoat was rated fair. This characteristic may be entirely due to the degree of dispersion of the white pigments in the primers. It has been reported previously that primers having a grind ratirv' of 7 or better displayed only fair topcoat adhesion to the finely dispersed primers. Four types of calcium carbonate inerts were included in this Study. a) Lesamite (<-l86) 5-1? microns particle size b) Multifex ( -l!|0) (micro milled), a colloidal form having good dispersing qualities c) Surfex (v.-108) a resin surface coated precipitated calcium carbonato particle size 1-5 microns d) Untreated whiting Atomite . (t-l5U) Lesamite and atomite overshadowed Multifex and Surfex in the resistance tests. The latter two inerts, however, produced slightly harder primers. Lesamite displayed poor suspension characteristics. Of the four carbonates, Lesamite undoubtedly rated first, followed closely by Atonilte. These two carbonates have preference over the barium sulfates. ' The two magnesium silicate inerts, b-l5o and t-199, yielded primers which differed radically from each other, hue to the relatively high oil absorp tion value of both inerts, some difficulty was encountered in dispersing them. The i ~150 magnesium silicate was definitely much more difficult to disperse than the .-199 asbestine; its resistance properties were also very uocr. '*-199, on the other hand, was one of the best resistant primers of ths entire series. Its alkali and humidity resistance were considered very satisfactory; its settling properties were not considered too objectionable, its opacity was slightly better than the calcium carbonates and the barium .sulfates. It lacked in imparting good holdout to the topcoat enamel. The poor resistance properties reported for b-150 may be due to the small per centage of calcium carbonate supposedly present as an impurity. Mica, like asbestine, exhibited very satisfactory resistance properties which warrants some consideration. Mica, chemically an orthosilicate of aluminum and potassium, is known for its plate-like crystal structure and its ability to yield very thin laminae in paint films. JDy virtue of this laminated effect obtained from the plate shaped particles, it was found to be quite chemically resistant, Evidence of this resistance has been con firmed in this primer study. Its undesirable qualities included difficulty in dispersion, poor holdout and poor suspension properties. Its opacity wss comparable to asbestine. GL DO 0693 8 Celite h'Zbb (*.-lu6), a diatoraaceous silica, also displayed good chemical resistance but not to the sr.me degree as nri.cn or asbestine. Cellite was very difficult to disperse its holdout properties were also poor. The Cellite primer did, however, possess good opacity, much more than that of the barium sulfates, calcium carbonates, magnesium silicate and mica. The twc different grades of zinc oxide employed in this study yielded primers which varied considerably in resistance properties. The lead free zinc oxide, b - 33, failed badly in the humidity and. continuous alkali tests, while the Larlcx zinc oxide, a reactive type oxide of very fine particle size, rated -with asbestine and mica in resistance properties. 'The Kadox +-ype produced a much harder primer, but va3 of lower hiding power. It >lso had a tendency to increase in viscosity on standing due to the zinc reactioni fitanolj.th, r mixture of 85#> lithopone and 1% titanium dioxide, produced a primer which was characterized with approximately the average properties of the tv;o cornrjoner.ts present inthe mixture. The zinc and lead chromate pigments did not yield as resistant primers as v.as expected- The zinc chromate displayed excellent salt spray resistance ~ the best of the entire series; the lead chromate, the harder of the two, was more resistant to humidity and alkali. Both pigments had a tendency to settle. IV. CONCLUSIONS For an efficient chemically resistant primer, asbestine (b-199) micronized mica (V.-106) and Kadox zinc oxide (>-128) are strongly recorrmended. Although each of these inerts may have some short-comings, they may be remedied to s^me extent by proper choice of other inerts without a too great sacrifice in chemical resistance. To obtain satisfactory hiding, anatase titanium dioxide has priority over the rutile type due to its slightly better sus pension qualities. The two white pigments are more chemically resistant than the barium sulfates and calcium carbonates. there salt spray' is a major requirement , zinc chromate is in a class by itself. The barium sulfates and calcium carbonates may be safely used in formulating ' surfacers" (as distinguished from "primers") where only mediocre chemical resistance is demanded. No radical differences in physical and chemical properties was noted between barytes and blanc fixe. One may hare some minor advantage over the other depending on the properties desired. Of the calcium carbonates the treated types, Surfex and Kultifex, were defi nitely inferior to Lesamite and Atomite. From the results of this test it seems that the latter two carbonates hold a slight edge over the two barium sulfates. I'agnesiura silicate (^-150)has very little to offer toward chemical resis tance and other de;lrable primer characteristics. -11- V. FUTURE Y.ORK Subsequent pri.mer studies vill include the use of a combination of the more chemically \esistant inerts in various alkyds. l.ith a proper ratio of these fillers it :lr hoped that primers could be formulated which possess good chemical resistance, hiding, holdout, workability, suspension, and adhesion. baiter J. 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W r-t T*HS CioXJ. aCVi)l O' 0) ^H p XS I TO 5 T> I J IJ H H -jd.ass . . .i OK 0 .7 OK Bing OK Cut 1 .0 0K tO*5 8 Wo 8 B B 8 BB R 8 R R R R R R UCMS R R R S $ UCMS <*S UCMS *d *d o o o *d *d *O o o * O o O d *o O o R8 *o *d R o R o RRR o *d #d #d oCM d \CaM R o *o XCMA o VS r? O vcs\ o 8 R uCMs dO 88 *o ^ o 8 8 oCM 8 8 8 UCMS R VCM\ 8 UrMS *o o * o d o * o o d o B d 1o u oSt . s co & ssb '6 o o o g uo #3 | : C> o Cut d _op d q o o d B' d s Bd o P, <fcH-l 2 < 8 OK King o B tod k> O g Is 'oO d <? 0K -O=T OK o g8 BB BB B8 8 3 o US co Os 8 CO 1.3 0.7 1.2 2.0 0.9 1.0 oO o o pod o (n4 Po .5? h9 H 1 4 1 _i- t*69000"10 _ ---- .idhesion to fritter Topcoat Humidity 1010 hours____________ Dry Y-eatheroneter Primer 0.8 l.Ji 1005 cone. 9's, fez 8's 1.0 1.1 1005 erwd 9's, few 8's Bleaching, SI. haze i LltUch, Si. haze OK OK i 1.0 1.2 100? crv.'d 9's; 15? cone. 8 s Bleaching, Gloss OK OK C.8 1.1 100? erv.-d. 9's Bleaching, Gloss OK Fair 1.0 1.5 850 hrs, out; 205 cone. h-5-6-7's 1.2 1.6 Few groups of 1-5-61s Bull, bleaching Bull, bleaching OK OK 1.0 1.5 100% cone. 9's Eleaching, Si. haze OK o.5 1.3 721; hours outj 755 erwd, h-5-6-7's 3.8 1.1 3ii0 hrs. out; CO',j cone. 6-7's L.l 1.2 No change Bleaching, SI. haze OK Bleaching, SI. haze OK Dull, bleaching OK 0.8 1.2 No change Dull, bleaching OK 1.0 1.2 100? erv/d. 9's 1 1005 scat. 8's i.o 1.3 1005 cone. 9's Bleaching, SI. haze Bleaching, SI. haze OK Fair 1.3 1.2 700 hrs, out, 25/3 cone. 1-5's Bleaching, dull OK 1.1 1.5 1005 cone. 9'6 & scat. G's Bleaching, SI. haze OK 0.8 1.7 1005 cone. 9's & scat. 8's Bleaching, Gloss OK OK 1,0 1.3 1005 cone. 9's; few 8's Bleaching, SI. haze OK 0.7 1.1 1005 scat. 9's Ble;ehing, SI. haze OK ** Ho crespage after 120 hours l