Document rB1QEenwY1JrXYn4p60ZjB6gE

H*. V. -O Mr. G. E. Pekarek PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT REPORT COATINGS AMD RESINS GROUP LABORATORIES FEBRUARY 1964 GLD006769 -25- February, 1964 Lead also causes "seeding" In certain sensitive alkyds. Lead driers definitely cause color staining in paints, especially in the presence of cobalt and manganese. Lead driers also cause sulfide staining In the presence of fumes. Lead Is generally used in a range of 0.05Z to 2.OX metal on resin solids. Lead is seldom. If ever, used alone. . ' Manganese Although considerably weaker than cobalt, manganese drier- Is probably the second most popular top drier used by the paint Industry. Manganese also gives a certain amount of through dry. Manganese Is very popular in house paints. because of Its "weaker" top dry nH added through dry. In the past, manganese has often been discarded In Interior paints because of Its staining. However, modern achievements have greatly improved the color of manganese driers and it has been found that man ganese, used with Zirconium driers, gives good color. .Avoid using manganese with lead driers \rtien color is critical. Manganese 1b used in a range of 0.01Z to. 0.1Z based on resins solids. .. Zirconium Zirconium is very popular as a replacement for lead in paints that have a "lead, free" requirement. Zirconium gives excellent results, when.rused -with cobalt and with manganese. The use of Zirconium greatly reduces color staining due to man ganese. . Zirconium will often give a 3-5 unit increase in 60 gloss for certain enamels, especially ones using isophthalic alkyds. Rare Earth Driers Rare earth driers have been used as substitute for lead driers in preventing "pin- holing" in black enamels. General '> * Additions of driers, especially cobalt, to hot mill paste will often cause a drier adsorption and a resulting loss of dry. This is particularly true for blacks. Paints should be allowed to age 24 hours before running drier studies. CH-185 Lecithin Lecithin is generally considered to be a wetting agent and has been used in this manner quite successfully in many paints. It is especially good in oleoresinous materials and certain alkyds. However, the amount of lecithin used is. critical in some paints and care must be used when working with these paints. Lecithin can cause flocculation in certain alkyds with a resulting loss in gloss and color float. This is especially true in V-891. In paints where lecithin acts as a flocculant, it can be used as a very effective anti-sag agent, provided the slight loss in gloss can be compensated for. CH-354 Duomeen-T-Dioleate . CH-354 is a.very powerful wetting agent and works quite well in many paints. ' . Excesses of CH-354 cause a loss in. dry, and care should be used when working with this material. Generally 1#/100 gal. is asafe-and satisfactory level to use.: (Continued on next page.) GLDO06771 -26- February,. 1964 VM-723 Thixcin (Nuvi8-2) ------------. ---- . * ; Zi.2 ,-:s ::. ,5.1 ............... V Thixcin is an excellenC bodying and anti-settling agent that adds thixotropy, body, and flow control to paints. Thixcin also has certain limitation in that excessive heat will cause seeding. Thixcin reacts best at 100 - 120F, or in the presence of aromatic solvents. Care should be taken to avoid temperatures in excess of./.:.': 120F. Thixcin has a unique property in that it gives a slight increase in vis cosity on aging and can often be used to compensate for viscosity loss of the paint due to wetting or vehicle thinning. Thixcin should be used at' 2-6#/100 gal. with: a 5-20KU increase. Thixcin is a dehydrated castor oil. ' -: - "r ' VM-720 MPA "-r" ' ` ; ' ......... MPA is an anti-settling agent that does not add body- or thixotropy to the paint . ': MPA requires 100 - 120F temperature or a strong aromatic solvent to react. MPA: should be used at about 5#/100 gal. This product is excellent in enamels where-*'* anti-settling properties are needed and gloss is critical. - Anti-Skins CH-359. CH-243. and CH-180 XV CO- CH-359 and CH-243 are very similar in their performance. The normal recommended level is .1 to. .2 gal. per 100 gal:-' CH-359. is preferred in'alkyds since'it has - less detrimental effect on the tack-free dr^ and better'odor; CH-243 is more universal as it is superior to CH-359 for skinning properties when used in'phenolic andoleo- reslnous vehicles. The most powerful anti-skin is CH-180, and care must be taken in the level used because of its effect on dry. The recommended amount is .05-. 1 gal./lOO gal. (1/16 - 1/8 los/gal.). CH-180 is very effective in keeping paints from gelling.' When using Chrome Greens, - Chrome Yellows, and Iron Blue in VCM vehicles (V-900),.the addition of .03 gal. CH-180 per 100 gallons to the pebble ' : mill is very effective in controlling viscosity. ,, Bentones The Bentones are useful in Trade Sales formulations for viscosity increase, thixo- tropy, ease of brushing,' anti-settling, and flow control; Four Bentones are avail able: Bentone 27 Bentone 38 Bentone 34 Bentone 11 (W-252) (W-218) (W-195) (W-265) The-'first'three Bentones vary in the type'of solvent polarity they are designed to be'used in. Bentone 27 is to be used in systems containing high polarity solvents - (lower alcohols, acetates, acetone, MEK, MIBK), Bentone 38.inmedium and low polar-, ity.. solvents'(cellosolve, styrene, xylene, turpentines, 'naphthas^- and mineral-' spirits)^! and Bentone 34 in the lower polarity solvents. There is an overlapping > _ - * of^these Bentones in the solvent polarity ranges, but the choice!'of: which Bentone!:', toj'use is still^controlled to some extent by the solvent system. 4-.a'.uv? :%nV i-daswoq- y>.'v SeVeralf conditibns' muat be fulfilled before maximum effectiveness'can be; realised/^' : fromithe: first'Vnhree'Bentones* 1 --f- vrttt- ' ___ (Cohtlhued'on^'nextJrpage.).!..; GL0006772 -27- February 3/these conditions are: Incorporation Into the system by high shear (roller stilling, pebble or ball stilling). Use of a chemical additive to aid in dispersion (methyl alcohol 30% of Bentone by weight; ethyl alcohol - 45% of Bentone by weight; propylene carbonate - 30% of Bentone by weight). The alcohols used should be 95% alcohols (5% water present). These high polarity addi tives aid in the Bentone dispersion by overcoming the attractive forces between the individual Bentone platelets. Levels of Bentones normally used in Trade Sales formulations are: I Bentone 34 - 2-10#/100 gals. Bentone 38 - l-7#/100 gals. I Bentone 27 - l-7#/l00 gals. Bentone 11 is a relatively new form offered for use in systems where anti-settling I Is desired without an accompanying viscosity increase. As an example, the replace ment of 4# Bentone 38/100 gallons- semi-gloss enamel with 4# Bentone 11 will give a viscosity of 67 KU rather than 74 KU as in the standard. Bentone 11 is to be used J in systems where high dispersion shear is available. The use of a high polarity I additive is not necessary with Bentone 11. The Bentones are very effective and useful additives for Trade Sales formulations I except for one condition. Their use in extremely easy and fast grinding paints (alkyd flats and some house paints) is restricted due to the lack of high shear during production. t Bentone 34 is not being used in Trade Sales since Bentone 38 is more effective at a lower cost. Bentone 38 has a better color and less effect on gloss^ /) I J. E. SOUTHWICK R. W. GREEN J. J. BEDNARIK I I Il I I I GLD006773 I