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ACUTE TOXICITY TO AQUATIC INVERTABRATES (DAPHNIA MAGNA)
TEST SUBSTANCE
Identity: Perfluorooctanoic acid, ammonium salt; may also be referred to as PFOA ammonium salt, Ammonium perfluorooctanoate, PFO, FC-116, FC-126, FC-169, FC-143, or as a major component of FX-1003. (Octanoic acid, pentadecafluoro-, ammonium salt, CAS #3825-26-1)
Remarks: The 3M production lot number was 2327. The test sample is FX-1003. It's purity was not sufficiently characterized, though current information indicates it is a solution of <45% ammonium perfluorooctanoate,. 50% water, <3% inert perfluorinated compound and 1 - 2% C5 and C7 perfluore analogue compounds.
The following summary applies to the test sample as a mixture of the test substance in water solution with incompletely characterized concentrations of impurities. Data may not accurately relate toxicity o f the test sample with that of the test substance.
METHOD:
Method: OECD 202 Type: Static acute GLP: Yes Year completed: 1990 Species: Daphnia magna Supplier: EnviroSystems, Inc. in-house culture Analytical monitoring: Temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen
Exposure period: 48-hours Statistical methods: Non-linear interpolation, moving average, or probit analysis Test organism age: <24 hours old and produced from daphnids that were maintained under test conditions for at least 14 days. Pretreatment: None.
Test conditions:
Dilution water: Hampton, New Hampshire well water
Dilution water chemistry:
pH: 8.2
Conductivity: 900 pmhos/cm
Hardness:
180 mg/L (as C a C 0 3)
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Lighting: Cool-white fluorescent bulbs with an intensity of 45 uEs'1m'2. A daily photoperiod of 16 hours light and 8 hours dark was maintained throughout the testing period.
Test conditions remarks: Aeration was not required to maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations above acceptable levels.
Daphnids were fed yeast, trout chow, and the freshwater alga Selenastrum capricornutum once daily during culturing, but were not fed during the test.
Stock and test solution preparation: Test solutions were created by direct weights addition. Concentrations dosing rate: Once Stability of the test chemical solutions: Not noted Exposure vessels: 250 mL glass beakers containing 200 mL test solution (-7 cm depth). Number of replicates: four Number of daphnids per replicate: 5 Number of concentrations: five plus a blank control Water chemistry during the study:
Conductivity range: (0-48 hours) 800 - 900 pmhos/cm (control exposure) 800 - 900 pmhos/cm (1,000 mg/L exposure)
pH range (0-48 hours): 8.1 - 8.2 (control exposure 8.3 - 8.4 (1,000 mg/L exposure)
Temperature range (0-48 hours): 1 9 .5 -2 0 .1 C (control exposure) 19.5 - 20.1 C (1,000 mg/L exposure)
Dissolved oxygen range (0-48 hours): 9.0 - 9.5 mg/L (control exposure) 9.1 - 9.5 mg/L (1,000 mg/L exposure)
RESULTS
Nominal concentrations: Bk control, 150, 250, 400, 600, and 1,000 mg/L Element value: 48-hour ECso = 584 (400 - 1,000) mg/L
Element value based on nominal concentrations.
Remarks: Testing was conducted on the mixture of the test substance as described in the test substance remarks field. The values reported apply to that mixture and not the test substance.
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CONCLUSIONS The test sample 48-hour EC for Daphnia magna was determined to be 584 mg/L with a 95% Confidence Interval of 400 to 1,000 mg/L. Submitter: 3M Company, Environmental Laboratory, P.O. Box 33331, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55133 DATA QUALITY Reliability: Klimisch ranking 2. Testing meets the criteria for quality testing. However, sample purity was not properly characterized and it lacks analytical confirmation of test substance concentrations. REFERENCES Test was conducted by EnviroSystems, Inc. of Hampton, NH at the request of the 3M Company, 1990. The EnviroSystems study number was 9013-3 OTHER Last changed: 5/25/00
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Study Title Static Acute Toxicity of FX-1003
to the Daphnid, Daphnia magna
Author Tiaothy J. Vard Robert li. Boeri
Study Coaoleted April 9, 1990
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II. Certification of Good Laboratory Practices
III. Table of Contents IV. Index of Tables and Figures
V. S u n a r y
VI. Introduction
VII. Methods and Materials
VIII. Results
', 'ifHi'-IX. V,References
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7. SUMMARY
The cute toxicity of FK-1003 to tbe daphnid, Dtphaii mtgot, ie
described in tbie final report. Tbe test was conducted for 3H Coapany for 48 hours during February 12 to 14, 1990, at the EnviroSysteas Division of Resource Analysts, Inc. in Raapton, New Haapshire. It was conducted by Jeanne Kagazu, Peter Kowalski, Robert Boeri, and Tiaothy Yard according to the protocoir developed for EnviroSysteas Study Nuaber 9013-3.
The test was perforaed under static conditions with five
concentrations of test substance and a dilution water control at a aean
temperature of 19.9C. The dilution water was filtered natural well water
collected froa wells at Raapton, New Raapshire. Aeration was not eaployed
to aaintain dissolved oxygen concentrations above an acceptable level.
Noainal concentrations of FK-1003 were: 0 ag/b (control), 150 ag/b,
250 ag/b, 400 ag/b, 600 ag/b, and 1,000 ag/b. Noainal concentrations were
used for all calculations.
*
Dapbnids used in the test were less than 24 hours old at the start of the test. They were produced froa an in-house culture that was aaintained under test conditions for at least 14 days. After 48 hours of exposure the control daphnids had an average wet weight (blotted dry) of 0.0007 g, resulting in a loading rate of 0.018 g/b. All daphnids were in good condition at the beginning of the study. Exposure of daphnids to the test substance resulted in a 48 hour EC50 of 584 ng/b FX-1003.
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introduction
This study was sponsored by 3N Company, St. Paul, Minnesota. Tbs objective ot the study was to detersine the acute toxicity of FX-1003 to the dapbnid, a freshwater invertebrate. The report contains sections that describe the methods and Materials employed in the study, and the results of the investigation. The report also contains an appendix that presents the water quality data collected during the test.
-- VII. METHODS END MATERIALS
TEST SUBSTANCE:
PX-1003 (EnviroSysteas Staple Nuaber 2308E) was delivered to EnviroSysteas on January 29, 1990. It was contained in a 500 aL plastic bottle that was labelled with the following information: G2B82-1. FX-1003 (a yellow liquid) was supplied by 3M Conpany, 935 Bush Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota. Prior to use the test material was stored in the dark at room temperature. A reserve sample (approximately 1 gram) will be archived at
EnviroSysteas for a minimum of 10 years.
DILUTION WATER:
Water used for acclimation of test organisms and for all toxicity testing was collected from wells at EnviroSysteas in Hampton, New Hampshire. Water was adjusted to a hardness of 180 mg/L as CaCOa and stored in 500-gallon polyethylene tanks, where it was aerated. Results of chemical analysis of a representative sample of water are presented in Table 1.
TEST ORGANISM:
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Juvenile daphnids employed as test organisms were from a single:- s ' source and were identified using an appropriate taxonomic key. Daphnids
used in the test were less than 24 hours old at the start of the test. ,They , were produced from an in-house culture that was maintained under.test
.ji conditions y.for at least 14 days. Control daphnids were weighed at the
`c o n c l u s i o n o f the toxicity test. Prior to testing, daphnids were
1 a in 100% dilution water under static conditions in 4 liter glass During ncclinmtion daphnids were not treated for disease and they '
S' * ' were free * apparent sickness, injuries, and abnormalities at the
beginning 'of 'the test. During the acclimation period 24 hours prior to
x ' the i test initiation the temperature was 19.8C. Daphnids were fed yeast, !
trout ; chow, and the freshwater alga Nelenestm* ctpricornutum once
` daily before the test
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Table 1: Chemical characterization of a repreaentative aaaple of natural vail water uaed aa dilution water for toxicity teat
Paraaeter
ii\ pH
Unit of Heaaureaent
Reporting Liait
-- pH unita
--
Heaaured Value
8.2
Conductivity
uahos/ca
--
900
Bardneaa
ag/L aa CaCOs
--
180
Organochlorine peaticidea
Organophosphorus peaticidea
Polychlorinated biphenyla
ug/L ug/L ug/L
0.5 : HD*
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0.5 .i, V. f*
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Hot detected above the reporting liait. i*?,
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TOXICITY TESTING:
A screening test with the test substance was conducted during
February 6
8, 1990. Nominal concentrations of test substance were
0.1 mg/L, 1 ag/L*. 10 mg/L, 100 ag/L, and 1,000 ag/L. After 48 hours of
exposure there was 60% survival at 1,000 ag/L and 100% survival at all
other tested concentrations.
The definitive toxicity test was perforaed during February 12 14, 1990, according to EnviroSysteas Test Protocol 9013-3 (Static,
Acute Toxicity of FX-1003 To The Daphnid Daphnia Magna), which was signed by the Study Director on February 6, 1989. It is based on
procedures of the OECD (1984).
The test was conducted at a target teaperature of 20 1 1C with five concentrations of test substance and a dilution water control.
No stock solution was prepared as test aaterial was added directly to dilution water contained in the test vessels without the use of a solvent. Noainal concentrations of the test aaterial were: 0 ag/Ii (control), 150 mg/L, 250 ag/L, 400 ag/L, 600 ag/L, and 1,000 ag/l>.
Twenty daphnids were randoaly and equally distributed aaong four
replicates of each treataent. The test was perforaed in 250 al glass
beakers that contained 200 al of test solution (water depth was
approxiaately 7 ca). Test vessels were randoaly arranged in an
incubator during the 48 hour test (a random nuabers table was used to
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select the. location of each vessel). A 16 hour light and 8 hour dark photoperiod was automatically maintained with cool-white fluorescent
lights that provided a light intensity of 45 uEs-'a**. Aeration
was not required to maintain dissolved oxygen concentrations above
acceptable levels. Daphnids were not fed during the test.
The number of surviving organises and the occurrence of
immobilization (inability to swia within 15 seconds after gentle agitation) or other sublethal effects (loss of equilibrium, erratic^
.3f swimming, loss of reflex, excitability, discoloration, or change in|
behavior) were determined visually and recorded initially and after 24
and 48 hours. Dead test organises were removed when first observed Dissolved oxygen (Y3I Model 57 meter; instrument number PRL-3), pH (Beckman model pHI 12 meter; instrument number PRL-4), conductivity
*>, . (Labcoap SCT aster, instrument nuaber PRL-9), and temperature (ASTH
mercury thermometer; thermometer nuaber 2040) were measured tend ** WrAeicloA re dJ eA d^ dJ aalil1 ,yi in AeAach AtAe_sA.t chAa_ m^ ber ^th^aS,t AcA oA Anf tc Mad ia AnA jedd ^li iMvJAe Aa^nJiIBmAa^l^s.'*I ^ - JL-,1',
STATISTICAL METHODS:
basalts of .the toxicity test were interpreted .by.s..t.anda,rd..} tmtimtieml;* techniques (Stephan, 1983) . The problt, moving averagei|ori linear interpolation method was used by the author tocalculate the 48 bouriKC50.lt (based on immobilization) using nominal concentrations^'ofj
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Tabla 2. Survival data froa toxicity teat
Noainal
Concentration
(ag/L)
rap.
Ruaber Alive
0 br
24 hr 48 hr
Nuaber Affected
Ohr
24hr
48hr
0 (control) -- l 2
55 55 55 55
00 0 000 000 000
150
55
000
55
000
55
00 0
55
00 0
250
55
000
55
00 0
55
00 0
55
000
400
55
000
55
000
55
00 0
55
000
600
55
0 0 "3
54
00 2
5 5
4 5
0 0
0 ' 0
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1,000
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Rota: Affected organisas were iaaobilized (unable to svia within 15, seconda after gentle agitation)
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Exposure period
EC50
95 percent confidence lisits
Calculation nethod
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24 hours >1,000 mg/L
48 hours
584 mg/L 400 - 1,000 mg/h
nonlinear interpolation
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OSCO. 1984. Guideline* for Testing of Chemicals. Section 2: Effects on Biotic Systems. -Method 202, Daphnid sp., Acute Immobilisation Test and Reproduction Test. Adopted April 4, 1984. Stephan, C.E. 1983. Computer program for calculation of LC50 values. Personal communication.
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Tbl A.l. Conductivity, pi, teaperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration aeasurad during toxicity test
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Roninal
concentration
(ag/L)
lep.
Conductivity (unho/cn)
0 24 48 hr hr hr
PH
0 ' 24 :hr > , hr
(control) ISO 250 400 600
1 900 2 900 3 900 4 900
1 900 2 900 3 900 4 900
1 900 2 900 3 900 4 900
1 900 2 900 3 900 4 900
900 900;. 900 \ 900
V a Ij900 900 900 900
800
800 800 800 -
900 8.2 900 . 8.2 900 . 8.2
900 8.2
8.1
8.2 8.2 8.2
800 900 800 900 800 900
800 900
8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2
8.2 8.2
800 900 800 900 800 900 800 900
8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3
800 900
8.3 8.3
800 900 8.3 8.3
800 900 > . 8.3 8.3
800 900
8.3 8.3
800 . 9 0 0 ;
800 . 900
800 900/r4*|
800 900
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800 Vv' *900 800 >,V/> -900." 800 i , * 9 o o 800 900
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EnviroSysteas Study Number W l l - J
1.0 TITLE
Static Acuta Toxicity Test With PX-1003 And The Daphnid, Daphnia
spue
2.0 PURPOSE.
To determine the 24 hour and 48 hour median lethal concentrations (LCSOs) and aedian effective concentrations (EC50s) of the test substance to the daphnid, when exposed for 48 hours under static conditions.
3.0 TEST MATERIAL
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3.1 The test substance and related stability and purity data will be supplied by the sponsor. Test Material will be stored at 2-4C in the original shipping container unless alternate storage conditions are
requested by the sponsor. Handling of the test material will be in accordance with infornation contained in the sponsor-supplied Material Safety Data Sheet and RAI Standard Operating Procedure 01-02-110$. A subsanple of test substance (approximately 1 gram) will be removed from the original container and transferred to a glass vial for archiving. All unused test substance will be returned to the sponsor.
3.2 Calculations are based on nominal concentrations of the test substance. Test substance stock solutions are prepared in deionized or dilution water without the use of a solvent (carrier) if possible. If a solvent is required, dimethylformamide, triethylene glycol, or acetone will be used. The concentration of solvent will be limited to 100 mg/L.
4.0 TEST SPECIES
4.1 The selection of test species is determined by the sponsor. Healthy
juveniles (free from known diseases) from a single source will be used to
initiate the test. They will be obtained from an in-house culture with a
known history and will be less than 24 hours old at the initiation of the
test. The wet weight of control organisms will be determined at the end of
. the test. .
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4.2 Identification of the test animals shall be verified using appropriate taxonomic keys.
PRETEST OBSERVATIONS AMD PROCEDURES .. . ..
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5.1 ><Pretest ;o b s e r v ationdata concerning the source, handling procedures,
receipt date, disease treatment (if any), health, feeding, and mortality
of test animals will be recorded and reported.
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Enviroyste* Study Juahwt 9013-3
*5.2 Daphnids will be maintained under static or replacement condition* prior to test initiation in th* an* water and at the tame photoperiod and temperature that will be uted (or testing. Th* animals will be fed at least once daily with a mixture of yeast, trout chow, and cerophyl and/or, freshwater algae. Daphnld cultures will be ealntained in dilution water a t " , test conditions (tenperature, hardness, and pbotoperlod) for at least 14 day* prior to testing.
EXPOSURE CONDITIONS
i,
6.1 The test will be conducted under static conditions, and test media will be added only at the beginning of the test.
6.2 ' Dilution water will be natural ground water. It will be free of
aeasurable concentrations of pesticides, and .Meet the requirements
specified- in U.S.EPA (1986, 1987). Vater will be passed through a <20
micron filter and cheaically characterized (at least twice yearly analysis
at R A D prior to use.
.
6.3 Water teaperature will be 20 1C.
6.4 Dissolved oxygen concentration will be maintained above 70% saturation. Aeration will not be utilized.
6.5 Pbotoperlod will be automatically controlled and adjusted to 16 hours light and 8 hours dark.
6.6 The test vessels will be 250 nl glass beakers that contain 200 ml of
test media. Loading rate will be adjusted to assure an adequate dissolved oxygen concentration.
7.0 STUDY CONDUCT
7.1 The results of a range finding investigation and/or previous testing
data will be used to select the concentration range for the definitive
test. If a range finding test is conducted animals will be eexxppoosed to a 3^;.J
series of concentrations of test substance plus.a.control anidd a solvent ' * & & &
control (if required).
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7.2 During the definitive test the animals will be exposed for 48 hours to at least five concentrations of test substance plus-a control (dilution water without test substance) and a solvent control ..(if necessary);'under?, static conditions. Test concentrations; w i l l ^ b e fichosen^tb bracked the. anticipated LC50 and EC50.
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7.3 At least 20 . animals will be exposed to^each'treatment."V.The' animals'] will be exposed in groups of 5 animals per. vessel,'veach containing 200.1 of solution. The animals will be equally and randomly assigned to t h e y replicate test vessels (a random numbers table will be used to choose .the';'' test vessel for each specimen), and they will not, be fed.
7,4 Animals will be added
test media
added and aeration will not be employed.
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7.5 The highest tested concentration will be 1 g/L.
7.6 Volatile teat substances will b* tested In conpletely filled and ealed containers.
7.7 A toxicity teat should alao be conducted with a reference toxicant and the batch of daphnids used for the teat.
7.8 Dissolved oxygen concentration, pH, temperature, and conductivity will be measured and recorded at the beginning of the test and daily thereafter in all test vessels, as long as living animals are present in those vessels.
7.9 Mortality and sublethal effects (immobility) will be recorded at 24
hour intervals during the test. Dead aninals will be reaoved when first
observed.
--
7.10 Data Analysis and Statistical Methods
7.10.1 The LC50 and EC50 values and their 95% confidence intervals will be calculated by the non-linear interpolation, moving average and/or probit methods.
7.10.2 If toxicity occurs the slope of the dose-response curve will be provided.
8.0 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL
8.1 The test will be repeated if any of the following conditions occur:
8.1.1
Control survival at the end of the test is less than 90%,
or more than 10% of the control daphnids are stressed or immobilized,
or any control animals are trapped at the surface.
8.1.2
Temperature in any test vessel is outside of the range of
19 - 21C, or dissolved oxygen falls below 70% saturation.
8.2 The test will be conducted according to OECD Good Laboratory Practice Standards.
8.3 All critical phases of the test conducted at Resource Analysts Inc. will he audited by the Quality Assurance Unit.
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8.4 The Study Director will be responsible for reviewing all data and for* recording any changes to procedures outlined in this protocol in a , protocol amendment. Protocol amendments will be approved by the sponsor. ..
8.5 Original data will be archived at Resource Analysts Inc. for at least
Sit10 years or it will be transferred to the sponsor for archiving. :vvyj
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EnviroSystuas Study liusber 9013-3
9.0 . REPORT
9.1 Three original report* will be prepared after review of e draft
report by the ipontor. The final report will be cigned by the Study
Director and staff that conducted the atudy and prepared the report, and
by the Quality Assurance Unit Representative.
`
9.2 The final report will consist of at least the following information: .
9.2.1
Title page, including the study title, data requirement,
author, study completion date, testing facility, and '
sponsor. ' .
T$-
- 9.2.2
Sponsor-supplied confidentiality claims.^
9.2.3
Good Laboratory Practice Statement.
9.2.4
Certification of Good Laboratory Practices.
9.2.5
Table of Contents.
9.2.6
Summary of test procedures and results.
9.2.7
Introduction.
9.2.8
Methods and Materials, including a description of test
methods, organisms, dilution water, and statistical :
techniques.
"
9.2.9
Results, including all data from range-finding and definitive tests, LC50 values and EC50 values.
9.2.10 References.
,, '
9.2.11
Appendices, including all water quality data and the test:^|:'4`
protocol with amendments (if any). '
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10.0 REFERENCES
i',.?<i; - m i l -
OECD. 1984. OECD Guidelines for Testing of Chemicals. Section 2: Effects.? igm&r.
on Biotic Systems. Method 202, Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilisation Test';
and Reproduction Test. Adopted 4 April 1984
........
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U.S. EPA. 1986. v'" 40<^ CFR Part 797.' Toxic Substances Control Act Test *
.. -i~ Guidelines; Finals Rules. ..Federal`Register,;Monday,;January 6, 1986.
Section 7 9 7 . 1 3 0 0 . i/i-'`
1
U.S. EPA.'* 1987.^- ^ 4 0 ^ CFR P art, 7 9 7 7 $ Toxic Substances Control Act.Jest,
Guidelines; Amendments. Federal ,Regis ter ^Wednesday, May 20, .1987
Section 797.1300.
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SUMMARY OF TEST CONDITIONS
Acceptable Specie*: Teet Type: Teet Duration: Flow Rate: . Dilution Water: Age/Size of Test Organise: Acclimation Period': Temperature: Photoperiod: Light Intensity: Number of Concentrations: Dilution Factor: Number of Replicates: Number of Organisms/Replicate Test Vessel Size: Test Vessel Volume: Solvent:
Loading Rate: Feeding: Aeration: Effects Measured: Test Concentration Analysis: Water Quality Measurements:
Acceptability Criteria:
Daphnia aagn*
Static
48 Hours
Not Applicable
Natural Ground Water
Juveniles; Less Than 24 Hours Old
Continuous
20 1C
16 Hours Light/8 Hours Dark
Ambient Laboratory Lighting
5 or More
il.6
4 or More
5
2S0 ml or larger
200 ml or larger
Dimethylformamide, Acetone,
or Triethylene Glycol. Less
than or equal to 100 mg/L
<0.5 g/L
None During Exposure
None
Death; Immobilization
None
DO, pH, Temperature and Conductivity
at 0, 24, and 48 Hours
S10% Control Mortality, Stress, or
Immobilization
Acceptable Temperature Range
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