Document r6ENjxywV1K9M1D0oe20rLnpa

C'3s 10 GJUfSHALL X tyu MEMORANDUM REPORT NO. PREPARED BIS fcJkJfe CCs W* B. Lawson, Lab* Bo B* Davis, Lab* Eo Morgan, tab* P* Robinson, Lab* (2) S G, Homing s Expo Sta* film* 0* Ho Bullitt " 53 83 C. W, Shay, Wllm* K C* Limpert, Lab* E* A. Andre, tab* Patent Section Lab* Library, Lab* (5) Piles 1810 Marshall Laboratory. October 31, 1955 OBJECTIVE? mmmSAL TINTING BASES Development of a line of tinting colors which will provide compatibility with oil based paints as well as with emulsion paints including "Flow Rote, MTufcoteB rubber base paint, PVAc Sealer Coates" and Vinyl Masonry Paint* The new Universal Tinting System being a replacement for the present Custom Color System should consist of the same pigments and the colorants should have the same strength as the Custom Color bases* Four umber and sienna pigments should be included in the Universal System to be used for replacement of current Harrison Oil Colors only* s u mmar y : At this point it is evident that the Universal Tinting System has many advantages'to the Custom Color Systems 1* The new bases have good compatibility with .alkyds, regular Flow Koto, PVAc Sealer Coater and they also provide .acceptable color development in Vinyl Masonry Paint* 2* In Custom Color deep tone Flow Koto and in aged light tone Flow Kobe" the Universal bases indicate improved color development compared to Custom Color colorants* 3* The consistency of Universal bases is more uniform and the general storage stability is improved* N35504 4* The four umber and sienna bases which have been developed in universal quality to be used as replacements for .Harrison Oil Colors show good eeiagsatibiiity with oil and emulsion paints* * *`i T1MG0MPIETBD WQBlS 1. Improvement of film hardness of regular "Flow Kt@m quality tinted to deep tones with Universal Bases* A few of the tinting bases doa9t cease film softness but many of the leave a great deal to be desired in this respect* A study of drier addition into white base is under progress and looks promising. This deficiency is not pre sent in "Custom Color Flow Kota lcontains driers)* 2. Effect of aging on compatibility* After three months oven aging the bases will be checked for compatibility and other stability properties* The aging of the newest bases has recently been .started. 3* First information of exposure series indicating performance in outside 'whit and masonry `paint should be available in the near future* 4. "Flow Kote type emulsion paint tinted with 1~3O0# BON red* in our universal vehicle continues to show a color change in the wet material for sons time a/ter tinting* This color drift has been considered sufficiently great to bar the use of these tints in the system* However, considering the popularity of pink shades the fact of W"300 color drift can haruy be ignored. Some work has been done to determine the erase of color drift and the action taken to improve it looks promising* was The previous work vith Universal Tinting Bases, has been re** ported in Memorandum Report 11-746 and the supplement M-746 A. Since the last report a few changes, in formulation have been made. By-these changes we have strived to improves a compatibility with Fiaji Masonry Paint, b color development of certain pigments in alkyd., dry of tinted alkyds, eldj compatibility of umber nd sienna pigmented bases with emulsions storage stability. The changes since the last report {8/16/55) and the work under progress will be covered in detail under the following headings? 1* The most suitable wetting agent - combination* 2* Dry of tinted alkyd. 3. Improvement of color development .in alkyd. 4* Universal System vs* Custom Color System in aged light tone "Flow Kobe* 5. Color drift of BQW~r@cL 6. Universal Bases with *Tufcte" emulsion and Vinyl Masonry Paint* 7. The natural earth pigcMste .ground in universal vehicle. DUP030003751 * IfiSESUflSS#ation. It has been questionable whether Triton 2*100 or Tween 81 should he used to emulsify the DCO .coated inorganic igront articles. Both haw been found almost as effective except for w-622 Molybdate Orange where only Tween 81 is able to rmderjmsdmm color developmeat. For the other inorgsnic pigments at 10$ wetting agent level Triton I-100 proved slightly better than Tween 81 and the amount of Triton 2-100 could be decreased to 8$ when used in combination with soya lecithin* Instead of using VM-7790 (soya lecithin solution in mineral spirits) we changed to solventless soya lecithin 0-12 that in combination with Triton 2-100 possesses excellent emulsification properties* Tests have shown that 0-12 has some drying potential which is why partial replacement of non-drying Triton by 0-12 is further Justified* 2-100 bases Thus the Triton level for all bases has been equalised to 8$. ]: In our last report we included a dry comparison of alkyd whit tinted with Custom Color bases vs* Universal bases* There was a sig nificant difference, the untversals being slower* The most dry retard ing pigments were W-300, W-205, -303 and -705. An attempt was made to incorporate driers into tinting bases but this approach caused inter ference with color development in the emulsions* litharge, W~603, did not interfere with color development when used together with G-12 but this system was not stable probably due to the reaction between W-603 and G-12 that according to the generated choline smell led to decompo sition of G-12. (in soya lecithin two OB-groups of glycerin are esterified with fatty acids and the third QH-group 1 bound to choline, hydroxefchyl-trimethyl-ammoniumhydroxid^ by phosphoric acid). Also sine naphthemate was tried, however, wLbmu* success. The only possibility left seemed to be addition of chinawood oil H-7 into the base. Previous experiments are encouraging. This additive has, however, a serious tendency to cause frosting which is why only a small amount can. be in corporated* The minimum amount of H-7 having a worthwhile effect on dry was established as1055 on BOO* In deepest tints this addition f H-7 will amount to 0*6$ on tinted material* At this low level of chinawood oil no frosting was encountered except when fresh coatings were subjected to a severe gas oven test, Chinaniood oil was added to four tinting bases only - to those which were slowest in dryg -300, -205, W--785 and W-303* It is desirable that the Universal Bases would not cause slower dry than that of Custom Color tints. In table below the dry f 639-776 deep tone gloss tinted with the four H-7 modified bases at 28/4 level is compared to corresponding tints of bases with H-? and, tints of Custom Color System. The figures shorn represent drying time ratios. DUP030003752 W-300 W-205 W-785 W-303 . Oust* Color 1.00 1.00 1.00 *4.-- (Approx.) X ||3?3 10 hrs. 8 hrs. 10 hrs. Cuiveai with.._Ir7 . 1,15. 0.94 1.00 0.8? Galvers&l. 2,00 2,23 1,22 These relative figures are based a averages of t&ekfre time measured for a fm comparative tests run is slightly varied conditions with two different batches of 639-776 and using two different film thicknesses* With the exception of W--300 the fl-7 addition was able to improve the dry of the slowest bases to the same level as Custom Color., In case of W-300 the dry situation is considerably better in lighter tints where the W-300 is one of the fastest drying bases* This peculiar phenomenon is likely due to the actual dry potential of this Ifln-pignent. In deep tints the large amount of W-300 inhibits the dry, smaller amounts is light tints speeds the dry* The est of the universal tints are somewhat slower in dry than the Custom Color tints but being after all relatively fast drying it is not felt justified to consider the use of ehiaawood oil in eases where the slower dry of universal*? is not commercially significant* Tfe small amount of chinawod oil causes some loss of color development in alkyd. However, by incorporation of soya lecithin 0-12 the color development is brought up to its normal level* In some cases there has been a noticeable difference in color depth between tinted alkyd and "Flew Kot". This disadvantage is most pronounced in case of W-527, monastral blue* The poor color develop ment of W-527 in alkyd causes a very objectionable ton difference between alkyd and emulsion when W-527 is blended with other pigments* la previous report slight improvement in this respect was described by adding RC-601 into the vehicle* latest experiments have indicated that the tone difference can better be minimised by adding G-12 into universal vehicle* Not only with W-527 but also in other cases G-12 led to improvement in this respect (W7859 W--<205, W-622), The color match of universal tint's are in most cases ahead of Custom Color tints* U-Jfi poeuJSBd^&Jealiuc^ According to complaints from the field the aged "Custom Color flow lot light base 369-006 has lost some of its ability to develop full color of tinting base* A comparison of Custom Color colorants and new universals wm made by tinting aged 339-006 "Flow Koto5' side by side with these two tinting systems at 23/2 level. From this test we could conclude that Custom Color tints are in most cases lighter than the standard color chips* This is especially pronounced with colors No, 32 DUP030003753 $3* 36. The universal tints resulted 1ft batter color natch eaccaot in ease Wo* 31 (W-3005 that wm too li#t, The deficient color developmeat of W-300 and the troublesome color drift of tills pigment Id - F1o w Kobe is dealt with ia detail under the mxt heading* BOW-red, W-300, has a pronounced tendency to color drift in Plow Kot. When light tone W-300 tinting has is added to "Flow Kote the color is considerably lighter than the standard color chip, S hours after the letdown the color is noticeably darker!. Overnight the color change is objectionable and within a few days the depth of red color has become so .much darker that it matches the standard color chips satisfactorily well* However, this color should develop initially. In previous reports this serious color drift was considered bad enough to bar recommendation of light W-300 tints in the system* However, the pink shades being very popular the problem f -300 color drift should be given some thought* The chemical structure of --300, being a Mh~sXt of orthoaso-bets-aaphtol derivative, might be relative with the ionic compounds present in our latex paint* It is believed that some re action takes place that leads to a slightly different- structure with deeper color* To investigate the cause of color change of W-300 in "Plow Kobe , the light tone -300 tinting based was doped with small amount of water .and ammonia* The ammonia doped base resulted in deeper initial, letdown and this letdown did not significantly change 'color on aging* Besides ammonia other milder alkalines were tried, such as ZnO, IgO, BafOHjg, morpholine and triethanolamine. Of these additives only the two latter had any noticeable effect on color depth* e also treated dry W-300 pigment with ammonia. After complete evaporation of excess ammonia and moisture a .grind of this pigment was prepared in universal vehicle* There was a visible difference in depth between this base md the regular W-300 base* The letdown of this base, made of treated pigment, in "Flow Kobe gave much deeper color than the untreated base* beeper color was obtained also in alkyd, when ammonia, treated pigment was used. It should be pointed out that ammonia treatment of W-300 not only deepens the color but also causes a slight change in tone. However, this tone difference is so slight that it is hardly noticeable in light tone tints* In deep tones the treatment of pigment results in a brownish red tone. An infrared bsorbtion curve was run n both astsonia treated W-300 and untreated pigment* According to J* T. Harris' report the infrared, spectra detects a considerable difference between ammonia treated and untreated pigment. The spectral changes indicate that electronic structure of the aromatic rings and as group is altered and such structure changes are known to cause corresponding visible color changes* According b these experiments described above the color drift of W-300 is likely a matter of a slight chemical changes of pigment structure rather than gradually increased rate of dispersion* At this point it is hard to predict whether a stabilising additive such as ammonia would interfere with color retention and other factors of that nature of W-300 but it seems possible to make some kind of adjustment of the tinting base -or of the pigment that would DUP030003754 "< -6. ;'V:; : :,-v' As-': ^^ assure a satisfactory perforates of BON-red tints. Because mo objectionable cote change takes place in deep tone W-300 tlmtslti adjustment. whatever it would be, should only involve light ton extended -300 base (Ho, 31) A small amount of aaroonia could be added to No, 31 base when the concentrated red base is blended tilth the extender base or the pigment could possibly be pretreated before grinding. In latter case the treated pigment should be used for light tone base only, because of the mentioned change in tone of treated pigment that becomes apparent in deep tints. Thus, using a pretreated pigment would mean that t*K W-300 bases should be ground, one with treated pigment for light tones and another grind of untreated pigment for deep tones, Shis mould cause complication of manufacture which is why the "Stabilizer" addition into No* 31 base seems to be a more convenient way to improve the quality of light ten BON-red tinting base. 389*012 "Tufcote" rubber base paint was tinted with universals at 28/4 level. Excellent compatibility was obtained. However, the film was very soft, three weeks after tinting except in cases where W--300, -527 and W--785 are involved. These organometallic pigments evidently having drier characteristics contribute considerably to the cure of tinted latex film. 387-301 fimyl Masonry Paint was also subjected to universal tinting. The compatibility was not excellent but probably acceptable being considerably improved from the first try of universal bases without 5-12 in this vinyl product. Tinted regular 391-012 "Flow Kobe55 forms a slightly harder film than tinted "Tufcote, however, both qualities are in need f improvement with regard to film softness. Of all the colors set up for the Custom Color System, 70$ of them include BON-red or the monastrals. These pigments, when blended in small quantities with other pigments, have the ability to give acceptable film hardness. There fore, only the remaining 30$ of tints lack proper film hardness. We have tested a few driers incorporated into the "Flow Kote* and very good results were obtained as far as cure of film is con cerned, We do not know whether driers added to "Flow Note" will retain their initial effectiveness or if they will as a result of adsorption to pigment lose their effect on aging* A stability study of drier containing "Flow Kote" will be commenced. Driers in latex paint are currently used in 389-007 "Custom Color Flow .Kota". ftuo.de* Products Oo. supplies an emulsifiable cobalt drier called "Cyclodex" aimed to speed cure of latex paints not only with regard to oil based tinting bases but primarily to fill the partial unsaturation of styrene-butadiene copolymer. "Cyelodex" has proved useful for our purposes. There is no problem of film softness of tinted vinyl based emulsion paints. DUP030003755 It was decided that W-377 Burnt Sienna, -422 Raw Sienna, . W-419 Burnt Turkey Umber and -420 Raw Turkey Usher should be in-' eluded in the universal quality, and these bases together with the other universals would replace the current Harrison Oil Colors, The pigments ground in DCO + Triton X-100 did not become compatible with the emulsions even at 20$ Triton level* A combination of 10$ Triton and 5$ 0-12 gave fair results* Raising 6-12 to 10$ led to further improvement. According to experience with these pigments ground in RC-401 there is a gassing problem on aging* Our earth color bases after 6 weeks oven aging have not yet shown any tendency to gas and after this period of aging the compatibility was as good as initially, in some cases even slight improvement could be noticed. The dry of alkyd white tinted with these products was only slightly retarded. Sales Department Notebooks 59SO, 6lS2, DUP030003756