Document r1aQyykwYaro6OJ8BJaJVZDG

FILE NAME: AT&T and other Phone Companies (ATT) DATE: 1958 April DOC#: ATT042 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Excerpt from AIHA Journal AMERICAN Industrial Hygiene A S S O C I A T I C I Journal Volume 19 APRIL 1958 Number 2 T he Control of a Lead Hazard in the Silversmithing In d u st r y ........................ 73 Leonard D. Pagnotto arid Harold Bavley I nstrument D evelopments in H ealth P hysics............................................................. 75 F. E. Adley Studies on the T oxicity of d -Propyl N itrate Vapor.............................................. 80 W illiam E . R inehart, Robert C. Garbers, Earle A . Greene and Robert M . Sloufer N oise E xposure E valuation................................................................................................... 84 Edward W. Path and Carl J . Weinberg (with a C ritique by K . C. Stewart) T he T oxicology of an An il in e -F urfuryl Alcohol-H ydrazine Vapor M ixture 91 Keith H. Jacobson, W illiam E. Rinehart, Henry J . Wheelwright Jr., M artin A. Ross, Jackie L . P a p in , Robert C. D aly, Earle .4. Greene and W illiam A . Groff N uclear Safety and I ndustrial H ygiene in the F abrication of N uclear F uel E lements.......................................................................................................................... 101 U'. B. Harris and L R. Solon The E ffectiveness of Sand as a F ilter M edium .......................................................... 107 R. E. Yoder and F. M . Empson Criteria for E stablishing S hort T erm P erm issible Ingestion of F allout M a t e r ia l ...................................................... Ill Gordon M . D unning C urrent P roblems in the F ield of R espiratory P rotection................................ 121 E. C. Hyatt R e s p ir a t o r P ro b lem s in A tom ic E nerg y P r a c t ic e .......................................................... 123 G. W. C. T a il and T . H . B yington A D iscussion of the B ureau of M ines A pproval Schedules for R espiratory P rotective D evices............................................................... 126 S . J . Pearce A Comparison of P erformance Standards and T ests S pecified by B ureau of M ines Schedule 14F and by the Chemical Corps f o r t h e M9A1 M a sk . ____ 130 Gerald J . Fleming R espiratory P rotection E quipment D evelopments by the U . S. A rmy Chem ical Co r ps................................................................. .................................................................. 140 A llan L. West T h e R espirator P roblem--an Industrial H ygienist s V iew po int...................... 149 Harry S. Jordan H ygienic G uides Se r ie s............................................................................................................ 154 N ews of Local S ections 164 Am erican I ndustrial H y g ien e Association J o u rn a l, published bi-monthly tor the American Industrial Hygiene Associa tion. Dohrman H.Byers. Editor; Jack C. Radcliffe, Associate Editor; Lloyd E. Cordon, News Editor. Editorial Offices, 1014 Broadway, Cincinnati 2, Ohio. Subscription *7.50 per year in the United States; 17.75 per year in Canada; *8.25 per year in all Other foreign countries. Single copies *1.50. Copyright, 1958, by The Williams 4 Wilkins Co. Entered os second class matter at the post office a t Baltimore, Md. The American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal reserves the right to edit all advertisements and to refuse advertising copy when it does not meet the high standards adopted by the Association. k .. m m J Industrial Hygiene Journal C. RECOMMENDED CONTROL PRO CEDURES: To prevent exposure to high concentrations of amorphous silica dust, process ventilation and/or en closure are the best^ means of control. For some operations a dust respirator approved by the U. S. Bureau of Mines may be satisfactory. IV. Specific Procedures A. FIRST AID: None. B. SPECIAL MEDICAL PROCEDURES: (1) Preplacement: Clinical and chest radiographic examinations should be made on all persons prior to job assignment. (21 Periodic : Since there is only lim ited information about the harmful effects of amorphous silica in in dustry, exposed personnel should have careful periodic medical ex aminations, including chest x-ray. Pulmonary function testing may be useful. (3) Treatm ent: No satisfactory treat ment other than removal from ex posure, and therapy for any com plicating infection. 161 V. Literature References 1. Cooper, VT. C., et al: Industrial Hy giene Foundation Transaction Bulletin No. 3 0 ,1S2-194. 2. D rinker, P. and Hatch, T .: Industrial Dust. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc. New York, 1954. 3. Fraser, D. A.: A M A Arch, of lnd. Hyg. and Occ. Med., S : 412, 1953. 4. Lambie, J. S.: lnd. Med., 7: 4T0,193S. 5. Palicard, A. and Collet, A.: AM A Arch, of hid. Hyg. and Occ. Med., 9: 3S9, 1954. 6. Schepers, G. W. H., et al: A M A Arch, of lnd. Health, 16: 125, 1957; ibid, 16: 203, 1957; ibid, 16: 280, 1957: ibid. 16: 363, 1957; ibid, Iff: 499, 1957. 7. Smart, R. H. and Anderson, W. M.: lnd. Med. and Svrg., 21: 509, 1952. 8. Tebbens, B. D. and Beard, R. R.: AM A Arch. Ind. Health, 16: 55, 1957. 9. U. S. Public Health Service; California Department of Public Health; Nevada State Health Department; Oregon State Board of Health: Progress Report of Study of Pneumoconiosis Hazards in the Diatomite Processing Industry. 1955. Asbestos I. Bvgier.ic Standards A.'R E C O M M E N D E D M AXIM UM AT M OSPHERIC CONCENTRATION (S hours): 5 million particles per cubic foot of air (M PPC F).1 (1) Basis for Recommendation: Experi ence in industry," *' * 15 and ani mal experiments.1,' B. SEVERITY OF HAZARDS: (1) Health: Long continued inhalation of asbestos dust results in a form of pneumoconiosis known as asbes tosis. The primary effect of inhala tion is on interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. The disease is characterized by asbestos bodies in the lungs and sputum. Based on roentgenological examinations, asbestosis can be clas sified as minimal, moderate, and advanced. I t is a serious disease in some instances, but more frequently it remains nondisabling for many years, even without appreciable symptoms, as long a ; some other serious disease does not supervene to cause death.* Chief symptoms of advanced asbestosis are variable cough, dyspnea, substernal chest pains, decreased chest expansion, weakness, emaciation, clubbed fin ger tips, and curved fingernails. Any appreciable decrease in the amount of asbestos dust in the breathing atmosphere will cause a decrease in the incidence and severity of asbestosis. Individual suceptibility varies.* There have been reports of an increased incidence of lung can cer in persons with asbestosis.3 (2) Fire: None. C. SHORT EXPOSURE TOLERANCE: Not applicable: II. Significant Properties A fibrous magnesium calcium silicate which occurs in various combinations as white, greyish or greenish masses, either compact or of long silky fibers, flax-like and readily separated. About 95% of commerical asbes tos is chrysotile, which is derived from serpentine, and is a hydrous magnesium 162 silicate containing from 12 to 14 per cent water of crystallization. III. Industrial Hygiene Practice A. RECOGNITION : The spinning and weaving of asbestos, in combination with other textiles for fire proof and heat resistant cloth, results in dust exposure. I t may be used by itself or combined with other materials for valve packings, gaskets, boiler lagging and pipe cover ing, protective clothing, shielding ma terials, and as automotive brake linings. In the building industry it is used in the manufacture of asbestos cement products, heat insulating, and fire proofing materials. B. EVALUATION OF EXPOSURES: As bestos dust may be sampled with the electrostatic precipitator or by the impinger methed using alcohol or alcohol and water, as the collecting medium,*-* and dust counts made by the standard ligh t field technique* The recommended maximum atmospheric concentration of 5 M PPCF is based upon the impinger sampling procedure. C. RECOMMENDED CONTROL PRO CEDURES: Prevention of asbestosis depends entirely upon preventing ex posure to concentrations of dust suffi ciently high to produce the characteris tic reaction. Enclosure ox local exhaust ventilation are the principal means of dust control. U. S. Bureau of Mines ap proved dust respirators may be worn as protection for some operations. IV. Specific Procedures A. FIR ST A ID : None. B. SPECIAL MEDICAL PROCEDURES : (1) Preplacement: Clinical and radio- graphic chest examinations prior to job assignment. (2) Periodic: Exposed personnel should April, 195S have periodic clinical examinations for signs and symptoms of asbes tosis. These should include exami nation of the sputum for asbestosis bodies, and chest x-rays of good quality. (3) Treatm ent: No satisfactory treat ment other than removal from ex posure and therapy for any com plicating infection. V. Literature References 1. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: AM A Arch, oj Ind. Health, 16: 261, 1957. 2. Cartier, Pave; AM A Arch, oj Ind. Health, 11: 204, 1955. 3. D oll, R .: Brit. J. Ind. Med., 12: S, 1955. 4. D rjeesen, W. C., et al: Public Health Bulletin No. 241, Supt. of Doc., Wash ington, D . C., 1938. 5. D rinker, P . and Hatch, T .: Industrial D ust. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1954. 6. Fairhall, Lawrence T .: Industrial Toxicology. The Williams &. Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Md., 1957. 7. K ing, E . J., et al: Thorox I, p. 188, 1946. S. Ltnch, K . M .: A M A Arch, of Ind. Health, 11: 185, 1955. 9. M cPheeters, S. B.: J. Ind. Hyg. & Tox., 18: 229, 1936. 10. Page, R . T. and Bloomfield, J . J .: Pub. Health R epti. $2: 1713, 1937. 11. Patty, F rank A.: Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Vol. 1. Interscience Publishers, lac., New York, 1948. 12. Smith, K . W., A H A Arch, of Ind. Health, 12: 198, 1955. 13. Vorwald, A. J., et al: A M A Arch. Ind. Hyg. and Occup. Med. 3: 1, 1951. Because oj space limitations, it is impossible to list all methods oj exposure evaluation. The selections have been made on the basis oj current usage, reliability, and applicability to the usual industrial type oj exposure. Any specific evaluation and/or control problem will involve projessional judgment. This can best be done by professional industrial hy giene personnel. Respiratory protective devices are commercially available. Their use, however, should be confined to emergency or intermittent exposures and not relied upon as primary means oj hazard control. A relative scale is used jar rating the severity oj hazards: nil, low, moderate, high, and extra hazardous.