Document qmdvoEXDLzwDdQrboMpn0YO2R

r s 1. te te 57 b. v- or ty .Led berom sec- ; m- aph t 356 iwed e dl- jn of osses lorestion gain lg at perty. ROUS AND REGULATIONS rr 13211 1 ftifiM income from the rental of personal the property to which the election ap comprehensive requirements to protect property to not described In section 858 plies. The statement shall also set employees, which requirements were to (oK9> (A), (B). (C>, (D). or (E).such forth-- become effective on January 1. 1978. The tscome to subject to tax under section (1) The name, address, and taxpayer standard also provided for a continua 897(b) (4). A deduction to "directly con Identification number of the REIT, tion of the provisions of the emergency nected" with gross income if It has a (2) Hie taxable year in which the temporary standard (30 FR 12341) until proximate and primary relationship to property with reepect to which the elec the new standard became effective, m the earning of such income. Thus, in tion to being made wae acquired, if the addition, some of the respiratory pro the case of gross Income from real prop statement to not attached to a return tection requirements in the new stand erty, "directly connected" deductions or amended return. ard were not to become mandatory until would Include depreciation on the prop (3) The date the property was ac after December 31.1975. erty. Interest on any obligations attribu quired by the REIT, and Upon the publication of the final . table to the carrying of the property, (4) A brief description of how the real standard, manufacturers o( vinyl chin- real estate taxes, and fees paid to an property was acquired. Including the ride and vinyl chloride products filed Independent contractor hired to manage name of the person or persons from petitions challenging the validity of the the property. On the other hand, general whom such real property was acquired standard In several U.S. Courts of Ap overhead and administrative expenses and a description of the lease or Indebt peals. The petitions were consolidated fet are not "directly connected" deductions. edness with respect to which default the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second <2> Real estate investment trust tax occurred or was Imminent. Circuit where oral arguments were heard able income. The tax Imposed by section (g> Election is irrevocable. An elec on December 13,1974. The Court of Ap 857(b)(4) applies only If there U net tion made in accordance with paragraph peals decided, on January 31, 1973, to income from foreclosure property. If (f) or this section shall be Irrevocable. deny the petitions for review and to af there to a net loss from foreclosure prop Because of the need for Immediate firm the standard. Because of the pas erty (that to. if the aggregate computed guidance with respect to the manner of sage of time, however, the court ordered under subparagraph (1) of this para making the election provided by eectlon 6 that the January 1, 1975. effective date graph results in a negative amount) such of Pub. L. 93-625, It to found Imprac be delayed for 60 days after the date of loss to taken into account in computing ticable to Issue this Treasury decision Its decision, and that the special time real estate Investment trust taxable In with notice and public procedure thereon requirement for mandatory respiratory come under section 857(b) (2). under subsection (b) of section 553 of protection contained in 29 CFR 1910.93q (d) flection on a property-by-prop title 5 of the United States Code or sub (g)(1) be rescheduled accordingly. ' erty basis. An election under section 856 ject to the effective date limitation of Therefore, to conform the standard to (e) to treat property as foreclosure prop subeection (d> of that section. the court's order and thereby avoid any erty shall be made on a property-by property basis. Thus. If the REIT ac quires property eligible for the election in each of two separate foreclosures with respect to two separate obligations, the RETT may make an election with respect to the property acquired upon either, or both, of the foreclosures. (e) Time tor making election. The election by a REIT to treat property as (Sec. 7809, Internal Revenue code of 1954 (SSA Stat. 917: 28 UA.O. 7808)) (seal! Doitalb c. AixxAmm, Commissioner of Internal Revenue. Approved: March 20,197S. Femme W. Hickman. Assistant Secretary of the Treasury. confusion as to effective date. !1910.93q of Part 1910 of Title 29. Code of Federal Regulations, Is hereby amended as set forth below. 1910.93q ( Amended1 1. Paragraph (g)(1) of 11910.93q to amended by changing the date "Decem ber 31,1975" In each of the first two sen tences to "April 1. 1976." foreclosure property must bp made on [PR DOC.78-7748 rued 3-24-78:8:45 Un] 2. Paragrapha (o)(l> and (o>(2> of or before either the due date (Including effective dote ''January l, 1978" in both extensions of time) for filing the REIT's Income tax return for the taxable year Title 29--Labor 11910.93q ore amended by changing the paragrapha to "April l. 1975." in which the REIT acquires the prop erty with respect to which the election CHAPTER XVII--OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DE (Sees. 6 and B. Fob. Law 91-898, 94 Stat. 1599. 1800 (29 on.c ess, 887): Secretary at Labor's Is being made, or April 3, 1975, which PARTMENT OF LABOR Order Mo. 12-71. (38 FR 8784)) ever to later. Thus a REIT wlUch ac quires property eligible for the election after December 31, 1973, may make an election with respect to such property on or before April 3, 1973, even though the PART 1910--OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS Standard for Exposure to Vinyl Chloride: Effective Date Signed at Washington, D.C. this 18th day of March, 1975. John Stxndxb, Assistant Secretary of Labor. time prescribed by law (Including exten sions of time) for filing the Income tax return for the taxable year In which the REIT acquires such property has ex pired (or will expire) before April 4, 1975. (f) Manner of making the election. The election shall be made by a state ment attached to the REIT's income tax return for the taxable year in which the REIT acquired the property with respect to which the election to being made. If, however, the Income tax return for such year has been filed before the time ex pires for making the election, the elec tion may be made either by filing an amended return for such year with the statement attached, or by filing the statement with the district director, or director of the Internal revenue service center, with whom the return for such year was filed. The statement shall Indi Pursuant to sections 6(b) and 8(g) (2) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (64 Stat 1593), 1600: 28 UB.C. 655, 667), Secretary of Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 FR 8754) and 29 CPR Part 1911, 11910.93q of Port 1910 of Title 29. Code of Federal Regulations, Is hereby amended In the manner set forth below. This amendment is made In order to conform the dates In para graphs (g)(1), (oXl) and (o>(2> of 11910.93q to tha order of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit In "The Society of the Plastics Industry, lno,, v. Occupational Safety and Health Administration," (Docket Nos. 74-2284, 74-2286, 74-2306, 74-2346, 74-2449, 74-2450, 74-2481, 74-2585, 742609, January 31, 1975). A final standard for occupational ex posure to vinyl chloride was published in [FR Doc.78-7737 Filed 3-24-73:3:45 am] FART 1952--APPROVED STATE PLANS FDR ENFORCEMENT OF STATE STAND ARDS Approval of Minnesota State Poster 1. Background. Part 1953 of Title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, provides procedures under section IS of the Oc cupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (29 U.8.C. 667) (hereinafter referred to as the Act), for review of changes and progress in the development and imple mentation of State plans which have been approved in accordance with sec tion 18(e) of the Act and Part 1903 of this chapter. On June 8, 1973, a notice wae published In the Factsal Rxsmsa (38 FR 15078) of the approval of the Minnesota plan and of the adoption of Bubpart N of Part 1952 containing the cate that the election to made under the ProMai. Rcorsrn on October 4,1974 decision of approval. On January 27, under section 868(e) and shaU Identify (39 FR 36890), The standard provided 1975, the State of Minnesota submitted a ""C? r FIOttAL MOISTti, VOL 40, NO- 3S--TUSSOAr, IfMCH 23, 1*7* BOJl 008SH r Mam* from Hi L> SCHMIDT, Jr. RCi ved JOs^HaNs J Aicc- 1/1 'hfiL T/hL Lc?u-- nui. Ao t&. tl'lU./i 44 ^ fai MS /h/) C'M& , RECEIVED MAR 1 o 1975 P.J. JOSENHANS BOR 008512 /V- t)-'-' `i u h ' , L v. - - v .*> I, l<, . .J f, _ .* J'v.ii LOii r- - r ' .TV ' T' 1 /v 'T'*,r "'M' . \f /; >\ - /\ fV." W'i. !j i: ".i - n V ' ,i ,, 1 ; 1 _ ' i. > i, a*" L .*' L, i! - r ii O .# / ` J] ,, *J o'" \ r TT.'................ ,T""" . U`- k.-l 3 l'J O!' J V *** ____ '1 11/ tl r..'fi:iu.1, A .'<"`1 *i` i.n. 0 I'.'iiii' I , n-f r fn':>ii, ------ .... -- tiv.,,i ^i-T1.11 lnr'!;'dotiy Ui!t!. W.iili-i'-L'-.1nj L.iboi jtory, Uinvc.:tily c.l Sinckholin, G-if'4 05 EiucKholM,, Siiwt dfn AJ'i3If> Vol. 3, No. 5, pp 194-197 (1974). Vinyl chloride has recently b?Ti shown Id cause a mnnniienl liver tumor disease ill rnr.ri alter necupntioital' x-'o.-utc in !'VC u'ar.ts. Tins i.eti: hres the problem ci v.hclhcr such hanrtls ea;.li.i be avoh-e.! cr at least dimini'.l,."'i in iho future by a suxeninp lor iTuii.vv.ncily el ciiemies!'. used ri industries. Itie basis lor sl.'Ii a sercerino Iirner Put" is iho rie-e ccrrclnhon between carcinogenic and iiv.itr.noi'ic v` eon n( chrmiosts. L-, nerimcnts vrilh $-,litinnclla . bncteiia. ilunvud that the i.nrcinooenic hazard ct vi.-.e| rHotidc could have been j traced by means of ir,ulcr,-jiy I' sis. T.he date i.i ,tt- ttia! vinyl cldoiidc is I not mutagenic per se but L-eronies niutngemr. atier a metabolic activahon in Iho I liver. Vinyl cMotide lias attracted a cnnvidcr- ebic amount cr public attention because of the recent discovery nf its e.ircir.n 'cmc action in man. hi sever;.! commies cases of the tare rnalienant d.-.asc anniiisai. coma of the liver hasc liven repotted atTions s'sirbers v.ho have been exposed to vinyl chl.s, i.le in pta'tlc ludu,tries (1). Msi'uni has lti.'.iicrniou icpnit.d an increase cf viieioj.trcoina in rais after '.i^vuJis' DUllI *,|!.V| CtHlVld/ 1 "M K'o!t$ i.i'-i.''.,ie Lerciiioeeute ejects tM:'. mv.c; (J). ltw hu/aid of \\\M tlil.'ii-'r pumariiy concerns workers If: the pl.ivhi indtistrics. e^s a piili- c*:!ir!v in ditivre: t enn- j:c: liens, but this occu'p.iiii'nnl Ik*.jIiH prcbltm i-.sv 'iv.,, r,`ntiM'u;uons *the i'JDcral public, \'my| thlfUtdc has. for irv.&ri^c, u.cii ns a propellant lor H:;:i spisys ;.m<1 pe\ucid*js. Mopy^cr, rhe poiytoeri/xJ prciiuct oi \ inyl chiondc, PVC plristic, i*s y.'ii over the *oi|J J*o' variety of products, 'imonc other thit'f'i for thi* vir.ppm , -r vaiur's food stuffs. It seen!-. ;<ic'v.;.'!.!c that un- pop ulation is to iUc r.ionoiv.'.M via iuch source>. aUliotifjh il.e ilosei rue ir.u*>i likely smill. The carcinogenic cfirci?* of vmvl chlotide fr'-us attention on tlu' ".eoer.'.l and fundairicnt.i! pi*'l>ion ot Low mjv*!i Li/. 'ard\ can be uvouLmI or at K .im ilmu.o.li ed in the ftitu C`".ohI /Love ml vo- cinoprnie chenuc/ls such as vnul |io. tide C^n be 'pottr.l espronornt ill/ in iLe first place, ruti.n! 'iru' 11"! inmioi.T Of clicnuc :lv 11 * *1 I . *i in.!.i m*.. it r, i.jrjly realr.tir to m !\ fi tr.lu1.- lion tfsts on i;i:/e * Ith .:.-M .ijuntonO i'f t.iM.i'rf le.jO`-u.`v\ '.*< ii u1 iv m;,'* :n uvivr lwo ycr.rs. The only te.i.ibie imuoiLjic 7il prca>:ns seem* to Iw a sysicn4 v^^.h m/l,LS tre of tbr* clo'.c coirdMion be- tvseen tne c/iciiiopeuic and ciu;ia',cmc properNv: of chetmcaK 14). '! Lij conc- l/tion. ("i un other data, points to the iaet that ciuni'es n DNA mu at le/st an csscntul ''aiiic of c.rncer ir.di'cjion. The tcstinc toi sut.is^enicivy is niucn cheaper and far l**s< conMiruma /mo f*if)'vr- murc\ th<- r-'-.oltr. can tit mtmv c/vs be tniLTprcicd *.n moleeuinr -*h .(Mi.r** > -- !*..s. . WvSU ... Hi I *1 iu> obviously jr 0f intport.invc tor a bcliei iiiidervinneLr*?, of the huito deal action nf suspect componnJv One major ob^tavlo in u'tr.y ppmei'y tests with microor i a pt*. for a prelnmriarv screcninc of c "/.n-'i'jnic effects is tii.: fact that many co'v.puMnds behave as carcinogens only att:i an .ac tivation m the ruan.nialinn ! o.lv. This activation or m oilier casts dt/ctr/anuii. of a torcipn compound, is piin-ipaliy performed hv the liver and imoUev osi- dation. reduction, hvdroiysis **:J Cun* juration A wbjc variety o,` cvJ.mvc re actions Cc C* and N-ov,vv\ .,i, ()-, N-. and S-dr all.vLittnn .inJ etM.vi.Litmu are incdiat,-.! l-v the dine ni-'t.- hi'!;/*:''* system loc:ii>\l m the mcrnbrar.e.s ot the cndoplaM.Mtu: jctiCJilern ot the h-er cells (5, r> 7. M. This mi.vd tunsti'-n oxyrmasr i.u . h.inistn can inih/*1 n-.iiu **il uiei>tui.mn-t" .u|-nine dimiil.Mti if pb.t. pl'.O-' tNAl'ipil) ,m cw ' ri*m d'luoi fh. Ihc'.c r;.ctn*ns al`.* t/'.e hi.at m .sltei 11M' ;tdililioi i I N \ I ' `I | 4-t n - Cl.llllV' vv.h'fu I" lhiiln.1'1' I !,. lit ,is ( I 0. II, I I * I 1.1 111) I I Ml* 1 I' l * III I .Ilf. i;<` |,n Ik i.I tils * iiit.il..* I. ni.i ,i | ( : i, ! ivMietic puin; t.f v.`w im rm -i >, . (v th.-y m-.i p-n v..t , ru'l.ih'ihi. arti:L:on as nianin:.:!', and tL``v wdJ lir.i-, tyre not piei, nj '..*eL direct carcinr ^ri'i'C co/r.pounds, I.i order to overcome that }Moblen, combined U*'4 sne hed*. hive hern wo #ed on: oh mi^rooiyt.t;i\rnv anJ i.i.v.'in^K, `iir' nu* eroo'ram .ms ai*` u`..i for .,!u .ict ,i mutaMeniC'`v testin'', L*ji ;./*/ mo cs* pts-ed to t*.the com- pound v. man arc Jor:i,mi i.i . u i:;:nci iiianunnl th<i*JP mediated or in maminahjii liver viiht(I?, 14). in 'tlic pieseni inveMi; di.-n of the pvi- ctie e*fret of vinyl li*1h'l i een pei fortn.::! on Sutn^'Urft*: i .,phini>triu,-i. The inmi.-enicttv of ilm<; cotupoun I v..^ analyzed by mcy.is 01 i`e\e:`.e itvi! ttions in the instiiiinc lo;us. I he vi:cet of metaboLc ac:tv.iiivii v.as studted by ;uid iny* rat liver m.cfcsoir, d fv.'.:.r.v to th* bae'srial cjlmu > a^coid ;r '.> li\.k meth* ,vl - tti 5 -O .v.. t. ili*?' . ` 7t.' .-.utt/ w m * nr? -***.'t n\cs:j(;/- !ifn h/r. pnmar.i*. !.ei to ii</ vi: * I clil*'ntfe an e\.:n.]`i.v C'f ^ ci.t.ipO'n'.J cark-moyehic to n./r, hi j:Jcr to siud.y the ."pphcahttiiy ,if n.*ir, :u*v i/i!in:T for ih.a detreiti'ii cf 'mono veru in ihe human cwvii om.ic't W*: .i. *; jde'v to re con/roi'i.'.. v.i'b i * r.ci 'i problem at an aecelerjii-'! rate in the Inline .md ibe iicrvs'..:*/ vi fmdiir: r. '/n*..!i!e solu- turn t.s ;r.' vfieemn* ot c.o.imye*uc hu?ji'\ id vt'M iv i'i.mn'1, i(,on- MiL`;ir' the vu:vi eh,C'^,' ''hem, occ Could im- iri'..--Vvui : urn; ;| u' tins '. st itiv,'fw,d L'. c.i a.-.iij* V ;iiid Iveu n-.d k- -ciee i."' of mryl sldorule \.h a it i*vii^i ,, ] to/ i oir.tii.il pro*in.in'ii, would ^hcm sci e. h- ur, nave a vv.iiioe . n* the e. rcmu- 'emeitv oi 'Ins cmivnoii'i? fdAirniAi.t' Ariu rirtnoi;*; 1 out In .Oil i`it* ii . 11' - ` I, nf. 11| V /:i fht !>>,. 'ti in i i 1 > ' * ' ' i \ J t j I A 1 **o /. wd l \ l.Vv ,, >A|`|.t i i,\f tin. in vi*1 ii "i. 'i I i i,.\ L i \ < I / ,*n ii. i;. d . d oi l*v d i! ' > I i s i i: > 1 i ' ,,, * i 1 * 111. v- im i j i k r i L- .od it it . mi d * 1 * la' o, ' ,i .id dn,.'.: v.t b i^n in t 14\ I' v, - i a j s `i.`iiU',- v j;r<>`./n ov,.ii in stun* I >'4 tuna vv wn s BOR 008S13 _plclc medium {Difc". Anli*'i-uir i ^ 4m 3). Platings "i'll il'e suit a Mr tfLlmuii'iY-'cic made cm complete medium (CA plates) am) Pit minimal medium ('IA plate-.) described by Vm-el ami Homier (10) V.'itli iuppicmeiHs accoidim; to Ames (17), The soft afar consisted of 0.9 per cent NaCI anti 0.0 pcri.eni ajar. Undiluted bacteria IU.I nil) were added to soft ajar (2 ml) and poured onto MA plates and 0.1 ml of appropriate dilution! CorTCSpondinitly onto CA (dales Dilu tions were made u 09 percent NaCI. Colonies On MA plates were cmni.-d after two days' incubation at 37 C. lav ing the number of mutants. The number of viable cells (surviving cells) were counted on CA plates after one day's `incubation. Male tats (Sprajuc-DasvIe-y. Anticin\cr.) maintained on normal diet sverc starved 16--20 hours before they were sacrificed by denepi'ition and die liver was homogenized. The homogenate was centrifuged at 9000Mg for len minutes. The supernatant containing. the microsomes was mixed with a NADI'H-rcncrating system consisting of NADP, Elueose.5-phosph.iie, phosphate bufler (pH 7.4), MgCU and KCI in the pro portions given by Arnes rr al (14). When microsomal systems arc mentioned in the text below or in the tables it include! the 9000Xg supernatant containing, the microtomes and the NADPII-itenei.iiim: system. The negative control without NADP is therefote desienaied "microf{****! *t**4 s-NJAlM1" i-sminnanthm- wnv. w#* iliC'j a', a Jfw.ntsi. wsrfiiw!, T1..W compound induces mutation* alter mi crosomal activation in all the strains used (1-4), The vinyl chloride used (AH Acrn.ol racking Co, V'lllcntun.i, Sweden) has been analyzed with gas chromatography and mass spcctiorttetry lor impurities by S Jensen (18), The purity >vas very high and only trace amounts of isopropn-"T>ol were found. When nothing else is staled ihfc procedure /if Ames ef al (14) "wa4 followed m the experiments. Three different types of treatment with Vinyl chloride wctc used in preliminary experiments with TA 1535. A water solution of vinyl chloride was prepared by bubbling vinyl chloride pas thrown water in a ten tube (or a couple ot min utes. This solution was added to the soft r.fiar together with the microsomal system and bacteria bcloie plating. An attempt was also made to dissolve vinyl chloride directly in the nmirsomal ;,uspension by hobbling it Unou.'.li toi lull * minute prior to the addition n> soli agar. In the third procedure the h.wtcua were first plated toother with the micrcnomal system and ih*n tic.ited 75 minutes in a vm\l chinnds coni.nninj* Atmosphere (11 pcum! v/v> at lui'ti\ tem perature (23 C). 1 his last procedure v- j: udomrri in the following mam expat* incuts and will th'irhue he describ'd m Mum1 detail Alter n!afnm of the bui.'n.i svnh am) whitJmui ini'Mn.omal \s*>taw tin* petn dishes were placed in a slused \l-'ScI (standaid vacuum iicvicc.'nr, Vtiimnc IU I) equipped wth two /e'lon tubes lor inlet and onilei of ras. 'l lie heavy vinyl chloride gas was pussi d, into the class vessel via one ol die .uKy, which ended near the bottom 'Ih's add non caused an expuMun thromru the other tube tat the top) of a corresponding volume of mr, which couid be measured The atmospheric concentration of vinyl chloride measured in this way was dunnr* the main experiments 20 percent. When all vinyl chloride had been mined, the tubes were closed and a magnetic stirrer was started to ensure bomonc* ncous distribution of the gas. Three difftticnt times of exposure to the gas were used, 30, 60 and 90 minutes. 'I wo experiment with TA 2535 were made in this way. An experiment with all four strains TA 1535--TA 1533 was finally performed with a treatment time of 90 minutes, p nrettv to the Im-J'Im vi;h |vm*- (*ii* yinvl ih)ir.*.ie 1hu-,'s ,d*-nh 4l jm-ttet exposure dose mm a tu.iinwir, with vi nyl Chloridf p,evioniv dissolved m water or in the Jnei' Murrownal m>* penvon. In ;ino;)>ei et t <' s penmen!, ( (able 2 arj l trvr,' U. the I't, atnr.nl was iomu with 20 peitL'.ii sm*I wld.u.t'j, ll-r resuu* wen* in i.id.) ;m, ;ofd.n: v v uh the previous ones met r,, ;> stpmlwjin in;r:;ise ni rnu'.anls v.as ubtimcd v.nh liver microsomal s) items. V/uhum I Tver Fiqt/rt 1. 7A 1535 (Nits 'ubihluUc*} iMMted la .in .*,tmovih?re nl -*,r cohiaamfi ^.s potent (y/v) vinyl chloride (VO). (.xpenn-cM l f.i leUlo 2. RESULTS The results of the preliminary expert* ments with TA 1535 and liver micro* somes is presented in Table I. As can he seen, no mutagenic effect could he traced after tiie treatment with vmyl chloride dissolved iu watei ur m the duck** ! suspension. Afici jh exposure to i) per cent vtnvi chlondc fas, on the other hand, there was a inciea.e ol "'ii'inK It vhfsulrt h** nf)iHl `d rll that the survival ot the bacteria was not afUctcd n any detectable way by the ticatmcm and therefore the tcsults cannot be due to a selective survival. The tjet that only the treatment with vmv) chlo ride gas had any crtect on the mutation tate indicates that a continuous treatment ' VINVt CHU'PlZ'L NMi-ftOSC-MES ---- CONTROL MtCROuCV/lS Tabio 1. Tho Hec< on-TA 1&3S (bas* 6ub;tl`.utton) otter dltterent hprv of tif*-s',a,r-Tu wi'h t c'llorldo (VC) ot th- or*?5YAce t itv?r nNciowinet. bcf*s i-2 .ir.d *-5 respActlYHy w,*? ^or 1ormr1 simuimneousif. nn*ys<** vmh t-lost. ^lyftlllcwACu ivv^'s: * 0 01 <p<0.05; ** e,0al<p<0.0t; P<0.L01. Series Type of (refitment Nuinlwr of \iuhlc ceils per t'bte xio" Mon value of 3t rlates Number r( niut-mts \Kt I'lulc Mean sjIuv t>f 5 p'.a'.is Number cf i..*,.;.iu(s p r lb SDMIVt'ie sells * t K l VC dissolved in water -1 Conti ol i VC dissolved in microsomal suspension 41 11^; VC -n atJiuwphcTc * 5 cj Control 4.3 19.2 18.0 27.2 v* / 2J.C 6.C J 0,1 17,0 - 7 6'* 3.310..'. bor 008514  i i 1 j \ i | I 1 ' | j \ j j 1 1 `iru1- 3 If. 1-25 d " - > * r..ut` VI~) ectls. 6iAtWuc*i A.>a<)krs, i*v Taipf ( r*l* 1 |:i nn r'ltie T* *..* * i. jiula^) ?c p.'t. r'il n> tl ; * ,i hU'nltv- .1 M.' ,',,'.1 p<*r 10* i >le of t, cjtmcui i:xm;iMi \r i Number of Ni'Mthrr of viable ci lls luat.iuiS, per plate 5.h an v.duc X 10"* of 5 |il.itrs Mean \iiluc of 3 plates. N'M'ihr* jf mtit.i.i'N per IP ` *,l`l 3 p (Hit 4'dl J.S K Kxmuvi'.N r ii NTmdu'i' (if liable cl Mi r- r I'l.'le A 10 * Mrttn \nl,!.? of 3 pl.iivs. Ninnt.cr d Ntiit.Mls. .ii, * ab.r uf 5 idji' T Nut.d *'i c' I:i l 111JN i i t tn i-i i,\th cells S L T i(iu* of tl ( , f l.H ll( (U :.'U` ) VC-l- microsomal system VC Coistrcl-I microsomal system VeP-l microsomal svstem VC Control l-microsomal system VC-hrnicrosom.il system VC Control-i-tnicrosonial system 4.2 3.1 ^.1 4.1 3.4 4.1 40 3.7 4.1 60,2 16.3 i 2.0 3.8 49. S 13.2 j 1.0** 30 19.2 C.2X0.7 2.0 10.6 5.410.9 45.6 10.9x1.1 3.7 72.2 17.S i 1.3*" 3.9 IE.4 5.40.S 2.3 25.0 6.7 - 0.9 51.6 13.4 j l.U*" 60 IE-8 E.H0.6 39.4 9.6X04 3.9 2C.4 5.2J-0.7 115.8 29.0X1.I*** 4.2 77.2 18.4-09*"1 90 22.8 7.1 1.0 3.6 22.6 6.210.9 37.4 9.0 1.0 3.9 -- w* 'The number c.f mutants fiom "Comrnl 1 itiicroNonial <)MentM m this ser.es tud to be excluded became of infection. Howeser. there < n "pod .r;ree:':nt between the *:on:fo! series within both experiments I ami IL and iherctoie ihe compan^ori of the kiicn with 90 minutes treatment has been nude versus the pooled connote for 30 and 60 minutes of experiment 11. fmerc'ionic. vio-.| chlotiJe did not ex* pii-Ulinii of the nu'ciiauivm cf activ.v flu* hvet. It i*; rcasoitfthte lo ru.tnc hibit any rndafeme ciTed. Con-emin;: of vinU chloiuh*. As mentioned that the carchumentc a.ti*jn is abo de- 1 ill-, i.;,, 4-.li . ,i\ lit 14rv |*ic- aiVOV'C. lIUj ULil id niUC: uliiC ClKci 0`%di*nl rn <..%!, sums esr?* "neto !ncr: v .r. no siyn ,,f n v-itlf'ul NA12I; that w the U*`l /ilxer.eN, c>cUukot'cs as well a toxic .fleet !>> Vinyl c!il'V'..ii: ny-ethcr 'vs'L-ffl used, an r,.r1*' rditaboh'wn by vauety of t iO'UC conipiunus a:c v.itii User r.i i, tLioni.'ii s\I; may he the i.nrroN<m:> is tct.udvd for the mui:1 Itutwp to be ii.'l.K'-`ii;ed. <" m tb*' r.it pointed mil, however. Ih.it the 0,:m in P'.'iiic effect liver, via irterr.;:jute epoxule'*, mii.i-'u dicate some toxic clicct on ihi: tv. o tents An experiment v. ult rdi fnm Miidns m the NADI*!!- !.`p* Mlent i u.ition by vinyl chloride itself without liver nti- TA 1535--TA 153S was linally pet lot m- bv miciosomcs (5. t,J). l;mibero'i.ie, t;i- etosomes. *d. m order to thinw some lit hf on chloroethyleue in luetaholi.'ed in the nd In order to elucidate the activation of the molecular mechanism behind the mu* to truhlorojccuc .*"*! and trjeiii.u viha* I vinyl cliinnuc by the liset ttncroionics, taccmc effect of mu>I chloride. "I he re* no!, which comp.vmih arc assumed i^e 1 a series without NADP was tnditik'J in sijIk arc shown in Table 4. As in the this experiment. Inc tcv.ilN. jircsenicJ pievi.Mib experiments a mnl.ri'iiic clicct foimed sin an mt: iiiioh'cuhu umit.im";mem to ti uTilont.-tt t.ddchvde (`l a ni* --separately in I able 3 together with the v.'.in obtained with TA 1535. rc^pondme t:Miy meis^'ohu-. ;i el'.loroeihslepc o\me relevant data from Table 2. show that to base pjir suhitjpjiions. but no mcre^c (5). The n.on pi -cmMc pnmar> tt'.eta*! a mutaj-enic effect was only obtained of mutation* was cau.eri in TA J536-**- K'htc from vinvl ch'onJc tl) m the with the It.er nu.rnsonvil ssstem and TA 1535, rcsiiOnJmf to frame shift pri>cnt ^\sm1n hcrw' would He f.hloro- NADP, but not w.ih-'ui \,-U)P, It mutations. cihjlcne oxide ti), This ccn.uduinl ha * should be mentioned that because of lack; of space in the container used for DISCUSSION hren syntltoiz-d by ncscm! from i 'isvlene oMii; (20. 21) Td ,s de the treatment, the senes nte.'sur.nr the Fiom the e\pcri"*ente reported rbuve, 'CnHc.i a h.'jid. bp io--n7' C (2M, Survival of the bacteria had to he omiiieJ it can be concluded that vinvl chhmde v.Inch is ra'-idls hv rOivccd bv wat*T m.d for the liceiment with the liver m.cro- induce* point munitions. but onlv after a even at n'o.n hinpeiatme nIpwIv re- "somat system without NADP, However, metabolic activation, h can fuither- ;ur.npcs ti> . hloroacctaldehydc (111). on the basis of the '.irxisnl rate measured loore be cstabirdied ilut vim) chloride in the uthcr experimental .series, it can causes tv.se pair substitution. but appar be concluded that the nuinnci of mutants per plate should rise ;; suIIki.iiiIv accu rate csiunai'i'ii oi the niui.d.su i.ite. Id pariieular, the wuuLriiy ot urn.-non ire- queitcies between the senes with liver rr.icicsnrr.ai s\ icin', wiimint .in compared *`o tin.* `cr^s with only \;i>I ently no insertion or deletion of base pans in DMA. The latter k.nd of eil'ec* is l*..udlv to be expected with a coni* pornd like viinl chloiide. It is esHont that vmvl chloride re senates iimiiv iMher c 'fOiruvc-ii in the lesi'cci tnal it acts as a niutaccn m a cirn-ai, I ciui.-rno ii;\c:--pen, a- No/ I! , , Chloride indicative l*n the iut'M* mctabolitr, v h:ch veenv. to he Ioihk.1 m Hi \ 1% BOR 008515 j i s, rf, vis (wl\) V`*nn> vt*yI Chl>MtJ (VL). Ijpo t*f i*'.\itmcni Lxpcumcn; 1 ./ I*t :,r\ II* I,I i*l P'*! pi i}|( m- t Of\,.*hMc**; 7V f * Ik f P,| v.Vu** /it */ pi.ilf, * * F I lit iu.lliMt lit .V) imarnci (.1) lim."hk *1*1 VC-frniercAOin.il system VCt microsomal system -- NADI* VC Control + nucrosiim.il system 69.2-8.6 20 o 3 5 19.?.- 3.1 *1iri . .17 f (pcrmicnl II 72.2 5 3 is r. 0 7 i r. -i ? t. 39,4. I.1 115 Sj -1.2 30.S | J 22.8 3 I 37..1 4 7 VC+mictosomal system VCfmicrosom.il sysicm --NADP VC ContioN niicrosor.nl system 49.S ^3.9 12 4-1.9 10.61.8 ?5.0 3 5 51.6-3.9 16.4 0.6 IF. It- 1.5 20.-1 a. 2.7 77.23.6 20.22,2 2?.C:13.4 Chloroctliylriic ovi-l.- can he ev peeled 10 tract as 4 tiifsiiictionul ,ils\l.itm" 1 arent. Mnrenser, n fet.'if.:, to the ;*iomi o? lot;:1!}' icadise .(.tliioni.ntc.J .ilipmnr c1li::>, aniont: which, or, clilor-'mcilr. I me Or. I ether (CMMI) and hi.(ch!ornr.-t-!Siy!l color a;c recognised as sttong carcinogens (22). Mutagenicity less ot the metabolites discussed e.rc under ssav. 'Hie fact that \.n\l chlottde needs a lii-i.'antic acli.atimi I'.-to'tf it aciiiiues a ir. -o me .sy-er:Onuses a'.ieiino'i on t'te m-l*si!v is -a.me a test sv.ien; IvUlVIl inli-S 1.1 < .1.110 li.ld f F- ls mmitvik i''' metzM-oii-.m per- fOkiut! in ihe numnah.mi hods*. I liver microsutv..i! cxs?:.:! .mi!) nowllc is a very useful 'nn! in this lopcci. k should, however, Ha pointed out th.'! tin. wav of diMrihuti"" die comnounj is essential. i';i!sc neotisc j-'Suits can easily be brourht about by n luv, w.uer solu bility and a hieh volatility as in the present ease with vinyl chloride. Tne mulimcnic piofertv of thii compound would h;i%e been, un jctccud if c;i!v wa ter NjIutMps h.u' been !tv*.ed There is ,m me.e.isuic we..hh of data which indicate ill.*t pnienli,;! tai ci*'.' \:ns can at lead be jv-inko out hy means of mutaeenieitv tL'.is t14) ;,nj the pie- sent findings v.h!- \m>l thloudc are in s:ooJ acoMdaiue v nh such a view. The question pc*<ed riSnc, whether the <.m- onoecnic cfftei of uinl chloride e-aiiJ h-'M Keen nkii.d/d c rhcr bv means of /Miuecnicnv tr^s can shcichne he i.uswcrvd v1111 The .vuul m-* was however, the teserse--ihe c:uem>v feme clsect w..s disroverco l*:ioi%* ..ny ..lUt'itcn.Citv test' had been p<"*o;jn;d. Tins is clearly u-is.im'm.u ,vv. It a *\alisiio testing pioccdurc lor eitcmieals v uh respect to mutkieenie and carcino vuji: cflects is to be built up. i! seems il-at cooperation hetv.cen psHcrnmcntal a*;, ihorities, scientists ur.d industry is cssen!ial. TfiM* 4. 5tui*n* t? K S*>b-tiUjliOM) nfit} TA isid-isss Mramc i!i M) t^r {j'j p,*"5rs ti *ft #liTO!,phrfi* ol .-ir ccmajpir.q d) poictrt \vi\) gaseous vinyl ciuene* iVC). Ci.'lr-Jicat 4^6 TaWi* i lyi-e cf treatment Strain Nintil'CT of \m d?to cells P?r pletc XSOMesn \aiuc of ?, phiis r of mul.tiif'* per pl.-te Mcan ' .<h:e id J.t.'le** Nm he i \ rmitants pir 10* ` nru\ mp rclls, _S T, n* -'1 *Jul* 1 i ) 1 * i. * * . lfT M * ' ......... . J.......... '/ of .1* ' r 1 ' '> ' h < M, ii. Mil ,3(1.1 It 1 * - * /'. 19)11 i.i < ' , ... S. t- * ! * n- mu u, h #,t s*-t s ' *. J. : l .I'i 11 v i.ii ....... - A*-, ......... .m r,2, Ms flV',41 4. ! < f.', n-r a^d /. M*:!-, e ('krriti ttl Afr*hii '(4, /'Min/'ii t tl </ M, *,/.*<*/. <,/ tht.r n. ,'i t !/#>.( V* | 1. \ ||.lt< ,H 'likr t ( I'i*. (11 IM !'(*>%. S'-*.* - 1 n* tv/li ri--5 H" 5. I> V !* ri?. 7 6,- /f.,.. ( OOlfU'IO t.n U'etj-mm.,.1 . ,// f OH'^"H I'icvi. Usfoid I'h.M 6. 11 <. !.i iit'irl. mi t m.tt , of /Ui/f Mth**1- h >n vm! Ihin; />/' -M/ir-ti, |l S` U Iht. H O MjihM. L 1 V, .tv Us. (V.'kitcrk press. Iric, UJiumorc . JVTU pp 149 -- 1 St* 7. b n iiu -Jic. J Atfifrtd. J K C"opei, L Oaudcn. H N La D.i C Miicnin and a Udrnfn:- nd. Sto'ix? 121. CP E. 0 Ms,a i*!m /*/>/ ,*J O/ lhi> fourtlf lrUcn\r,ii\"n;i Con\'t\Sr. of It-n.-i iifimltry / V C, X\, P ,t| (I%41, *. L Anhcnn's, ,Y<*(// am 1. 4S? no' n. c10. a Mi '-h'-r aad J A M.l'ir J.>1.11,III of n ;/ r ft -,.,,4/t, |K0. II '!;*j ! >). II C An!.*,-nius Chffiiu (jw/;.i>.tM-it of hurt' tM./:; 1 . rr.i rt-jf.-t Hit, 12. 11 V M.ithr.t'. Muianon Hotoi th 13. 425 4l*'7t) i y m c; r; ai*ri>'.* .`ml M S 1 c ator, Pm* l` r-M*U`3 of r6p Vi* ti m fm ! ;null th.)loV- (.itif Mfitu inf |.'0, 1) * *t 14 C N .*':. tt<. W f. r)uistan, 1! ^ .imd .jkt and I- l) t i*c. 1'iOt.twJoms of tin- Winomtl Imift MM of Scumes, USA *u. ::ei us;;,, l? U v ,\rr i-s K D I cc and W l: Hurston. /'/.po.iHcr of ihf \tthnnul Attulwiy of s* iiiipt, min ir M^r.i 16. It J \ ir* * l i '-.'t li M lit*rnrr. Journal Ot lln>tiis,i ,tl C i iiiiifin -IS 'M t i'i) w. n i-s ...... i*. s**i'*.'tM,' .vi-o t rni- . *:/# fi'i On'<i Vol 2. A ll.'llaeiiticr, t*4. I'rtsv ./ Nook--I t'triilon. !V.|| ;-p 7-- t\,rr'"ui i't.,i)tnuirfAi>tin S Jvr.M n. W.*o I.:km*`. cuiKjiory. LiWTronai'.'^tsl Too- culO'-y Unit, l.mvcrsiiy uf Moe^iolni. 'sweilcn 1^. J V*> l>0'. I) M Jenna and V Wukor. f \;u o "ii.i 2>, 112V (lv`2) 21' * ( li .md l` S lied;`ntlk, J.mtntil of A'lirtuiin CUConcel StHHtv Cl, nnc:t *1. 11 Gtoss ;ind J Prcih^tr, Jcuntn! /,/p t 2lt. (1m Vi 22^)1 K J hNM W !' ' A>cht\ri of C't\Oi'nn:entul tlra'lh 7T (}V7 11 'I!f Mi.--.il',iu*>n K:-k ^. pp.jrif I hv rr.uvs <in,n M*: S*.a.-a Ji . ,o.i i.-r lech* filiTli u* -rtk'i'.'-v.iU. 'I hi .nitf-,':. jn- r.aii*. ful to L)r u N Arrfs. L> .vt,,tv o. C.tlo fortva, Ki.'Mcv, {.,t *--j.viSip ;nc Z l\;i/m/i.it*.,ot, Mf.unv jnJ Jnf yj'u.ihlp ;t1, v*w' .'Mil to )Jrs t A r-.t hi *s S Jcn\ta-n Jint |) Jl.iS- ii fair Iti'li-M:! Oi-CU>\ions. ?4. UrrcivJ Jur.v lj. 1V74, VC+ tnicrosoin .1 tyitcin Conti nl + micro-airnal intern t' 1577 IA Mjf. TA l'7 TA I..S TA 1435 TA 1514 TA 1537 TA 1534 i.i 1.2 i :t 3.7 4) 11 1.9 1 41.2 OF 13.6 20.4 152 Ot; 14.4 22,2 10.1 J 0.4'* 0.7 - o ? 7.9j. 1.1 5.5 0.6 3.5 a 0 7 C.Fa 0 4 7 7* 0 9 5/.J 0.| AMniO, 1V74 197 BOR 008516