Document qm1RKeopjndw2DyYvwY0zVyj5

REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES / "'A ''Vis'' WSfSyfSiTBvVR' ,.& . .:?',> > r**? a?'0 !. l i z / , Q ' ' f W T}f' p ^ -3 1 v\ I 'S Hin m / ~ 1 5: * ^ > v'11/ ^' Mm*: I RPRQDUCD THE national archives 4 N S 4 {^rhvb.v-V'?; }> i J u *-k&xx w w & S t # ; ' ,Sfo -VS? A i..h ' 1-..Vm -,; '' - / ' :^WgkimW0a8. ' C^TO^j^lja in order to secure unifbbmityof control ^ d wil ' consideration at the. meeting of thie State ^ v),, Authorities with tlae Surgeon-General in May, 1926. These regulations'> are based upon present conditions and knowledge (and /Itf.^^ippriSfciate^^ that changes may be advisable from time to time. Further research is being carried on.to.determine the possible necessity for such changes. , 3y the term Tetrad-Ethyl Lead is meant the chemical substance b (0^115)4 of a commercial grade of purity or higher. Ethyl Fluid is the concentrated, commercial fluid containing tetra-ethyl lead and other ingredients;'which is to be added to gasoline to make ethyl gasoline. The. manufacture of ethyl fluid consists in mixing these other ingredients with"tetra-ethyl lead and is called Blending. Ethyl izing is the process of mixing the ethyl fluid with gasoline or other motor fluid to form ethyl gasoline or other ethylized motor fluid. In the fc&rj? Ethyl Gasoline as herein used are included all other ethyl ized motor fluids containing tetra-ethyl lead. I. Proposed Regulations for the manufacture of tetra-ethyl lead and the blending of the latter to make ethyl fluid. II. Proposed Regulations for ethylizing. III. Proposed Regulations for distribution of ethyl gasoline. IV. Proposed Regulations for automobile garages, repair snops, service stations, and filling stations. (over)' .*.v ,Vr^/kV * ft,r&UUUl.U A i I U . L W AiiUNAL A KO tliV ti) of :the absorption -of'tetra-ethyl le^a. and'shall' include ,'as' a minimum, .the following items: :V'""' . * ' *' _ < . - (a) Examination of blood-for stippling by carefully trained workers, .using positive'-and negative controls, without .knowledge of the source of the'slides.';, this examination shall be once, a* week for the first' four weeks, and bi- \ monthly thereafter. . (b) Semi-monthly contaetiwith plant physician for informal statement as to general health. (c) t Bi-mo,nthly weight, stripped. (d) Bi-monthly systolic and diastolic blood pressure estimation, .while sitting. (e) Bi-monthly hemoglobin estimation by Dare's hemoglobinometer. . * ..... Exact records of these examinations shall be kept, and persons showing gradually increasing amounts of stippling, sudden development of stippling, or other marked deviation from normal, shall be promptly excluded from tetra-ethyl lead work, irrespective of whether or not such finding may be indicative of lead poisoning. 'jvAMv',.*' *.' `j';*" ^ J p l l ? | *" p " 4 - W M " '` tn .,'..`;.>JV-4)>V/1 1 3 *l ^ '. 1 /.?. ' * .`'v,` v . `*i '. :?%1. '."' :'. '. l;V;-. 'V C,*Nlh'-`^,'<i'-.' '>/'J'i'.4*'*/ pp^ !ir.):v :'>:' '$$#} :4 !k *-W i?;.;4S^!-b ... Lequacy.o f preeaure-dioiile^respiratorjlii^ "'` .' :l,''," i-A* ',>}>( 'vwefylf'?.'u.tfj.'/ 6. All containers of ethyl fluid or tetrad-ethyl lead shall he labeled, ):,,v.", as to exact content and danger and shall conform to the regulations of the Interstate Commerce Commission. These containers shall he carefully tested for leaks and shall hear a plainly legible label stating that they are to he closed tight immediately when emptied, without cleansing, and sent hack to the plant. 7 . Kerosene or other material used for cleansing the used containers of ethyl fluid or tetra-ethyl lead shall he placed in the contain ers hy means of a closed system with air vents to outside air and with adequate ventilation. 8. The filling shall he performed hy means of a closed system with air vent from the container to the outside air, and with adequate ventilation. 9 . A dye shall he added to ethyl fluid in sufficient amount to give staining qualities to the ethyl gasoline, to deter individuals from using it for cleansing or other similar purposes. (over) \work'"oxi'dccountpif,;>eisula-6t "Axafiix^tlfeni'1?wi . ?;1.i .limber of definite-cages of poisoning.': b Condition of cases of ;poisaning previously reported so far as known,,. *. i  '`-i.Jl.TW mm . m,v.,st jV /'.$3 d r ;'il /v'aA i*.*...V .i'A'SH VM nect `' .'4 if tbora- REPRODUCED AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES L. >.:..4'.?$*f, .jvi.-\L-' -V V' \. REPORTED INJURIES FROM ETHYL .`I-'K - V : 1r.": *'>'v.v ,iW. V.v'^*vV*%-.'< v,', '' ' ' 4. V:`' .. . t____ . ____ _ .-,,;*VV*^i" Perhaps the.most important evidence as regards -the poasihle. :' # % | g j effects of, ethyl gasoline .was .obtained. by inquiry "In .the regior it had been longest used. This, however, is largely subjective/ a n d W V; therefore difficult or impossible to evaluate. City and State health authorities and labor leaders, who are in a position to know if the use of tetraethyl lead, which is now universally known to be very dangerous in its undiluted form, had caused any known serious results when diluted in gasoline in their respective jurisdictions, gave absolutely negative evidence as to any such harmfulness. It might easily happen that on account of labor turn-over and the disinclination of susceptible persons to remain at work where they were subject to a possible hazard of this sort, those who had been injured would not be found by an examination such as that detailed in the preceding sections of this report. Each em ployee examined was therefore questioned confidentially as to any rumors which he may have heard, or any knowledge or suspicion which he might have, regarding injuries or accidents from the use of ethyl gasoline. It was fortunate that the workers examined appreciated the impartial nature of this inquiry and the confidential terms of the examination. Many stories were elicited of the very serious poisonings which occurred at the blending plant where lead tetraethyl was mixed with halogens...to form concentrated ethyl fluid. This plant was located near Dayton, Ohio. This, of course, was not the information being sought, and the subject's attention was directed to the use of ethyl gasoline itself. From the (over) T < ThaoAt Mldgley, and his eoworfcers (J, Ind, End* <Jb*# 14 894# 1982)# employed la the research staff of the Oeneral Motors Corporation at Dayton Ohio# have discovered that oeriain eoopounds when introduced into the gasoline set as "Antiknock" or "Opmpres aionisers" in that they prevent the knocking in engines running at low speed or at high compression* The most important of these compounds are d&thyselenid* and tetra ethyl lead At the present tine the Dye Works Plant of 8 1 du?o$t de Nemours and Company (the duPont Company controls the General Motors) la preparing to manufacture 80#000 gallons of lead tetra ethyl per day and it is reported that arrangements have been per fected with the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey to distribute the same In the preliminary work of manufacture of lead tetra ethyl several very serious oases of lead poisoning have resulted* It is proposed to employ lead tetra ethyl in gasoline in the proportion of ,6 oo per gallon This is equivalent to approxi mately 1 part of lead tetra ethyl in 740 parts of gasoline The lead is eliminated from the engine exhaust in the form of oxides of lead# principally litharge# as an exceedingly fix dust . The burning of 1 gallon of gasoline will throw lnt^ths atmosphere this dust to approximately the amount of 4 grams and since the average automobile engine will consume 2 gallons of gasoline per hour# 8 grams of litharge dust will result - / . r- v /' /- "r i'! i apprOTOd - B E. Dyer Acting Director i 'X ,.* -; /VrV f* ; i / V *