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PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT CAM-10 THAN-296 JUne 1. 1954 I The selection of the pro~er talc for a I specific use is an Important function of the paint formulator. ~lcs differ Yldel1 ~hemicallt and phTaically. ~ropertles of finished n- &ihts can be altered or contrIolled by thetTPe and quantity of talc used. Talcs occur in four baaic tY:oBS &S follOws: FibroUQ or foliated I Tremolitic or acicular I ?latllY' or micaceous Granular I enly ~ierra Talc &. Clay Oompan;r prod\lce~ all four of these types. Each. due to its particuLar particle structure. cont~ib'tte3 certain specific properties to paint. All talcs are magnesium sillcates and. although Sierra. talcs differ somewhat in their chemical an&lyS'ls. it is the physical properties. 8Mh as partl1cle shape and size. texture and color. WhiC~ are important in their effect on ~int. Particle 8ize is affected by the natura~ crystal grain size of the raw'talc. It is controlled by the degree and type of ,milling in Sierra'. four mills. lUlli~ consists of tvo types: I 1. ~oller m~ll grinds with air se~ration to conventional 200 and 325 mesh. 2.. Micronization in high speed milIa to ultra-finp and sub-sieve ?Rrtic1e size. i The first ten tales l~sted in the tablei are standard roller mill grinds. Sierra's standard ground paint talcs are graded ~or every !)&int use where Hegman f'inenesses of 1-4 are !!uf':t'icient. They have the :f'o~llO"'~~ outstanding 'Properties: a.~ They are soft aDd non-ab1'8;lIive. Tremolitic tlllcs are slightly abrasive. [ b, They are controlled to ~e:f'iinite nartlcle size. c, They" wet qu1ckl;t and easily. . d, They flow and brush easi~ and ~event "rapines,". e. They contribute to f11m st'rength. t, They have proven ex~erior ~urabili ty pro138rties. g. They promote can stability - do not harden in the can. h. They are anow-white. i . Sierra'. ~tra-!ine tal~are sold unde~ the registered trade name of "MISTROFR. They are graded to He~ flnenesaes of ~-7. Sierra Mistron talcs are openin,. new vistaB in paint formulation. Their inte'resting and exclusive properties are 8S I\hown on -page 2. The four basic tT!les a;hown abo7e llava their counte~rt in one or more Klstron talcs with the exception ot the tremolltic t7Pe. :.,o."" . J. ,..:. . .~K ~ ~vt . 'Aro. 1.'......11......"1,,. hul. I. o '- ,~ . NSltPER7IE0S128'D6"43 ,$."of ,,,.. NU' ....."'" .. I. ; ..:: .... la,conduct.d ~.rOl Hul dl(fdl I, m.i', .. ,.rtfnt., "..-... II ,...........d .... ",., .,,1, THAN l!5Ba .; .' tauDES, TIPES ffiOPERTIES AND RF.COl'~:ElIDATI:JNS - SIERRA PUNT TAI.CS I I I I PT-18 I ! Page 2 ot 6, pages June 1, 19,4 Prop~rties at: Sierra Mistron Talcs: I' ,I a. They- can be stirred in - require NO fur".,her grinding. b. 'rAe.?' are outstandit!g for r:ihm smoothness. c. T'ney are non-settl~ and non-hardening in the can. d. They lJrmllOte piglllent dispe~sion. e. In certain forromlae they' prolllOte hiding pO'(.er and can reduce cost b:r permitting II. reduc'f;ion in hiding pigment content. r. They qulc~ reduce gloss, hence are excellent for flatting or control of gloss. I g. They promote viscosi~ inc::"lea;;es. h. They improve eas'! of b!,LlS'11ng ~nd tend t.o prevent IIsag." i. They are oontroLled w tiE'.t:i.r_ue 'top particle sizes. j. They are compatible with lI!I.~at' emw.sion resins. Descriptions of Sierra paint talcs by typ~ folloll. TheY' are listed in the order of their fineness of grind from coarsest to finest. I FliR015 CR FOLIATED: Sierra's fibrous or! foliated talcs dll'fer !rom those produced in other parts of "fe countr;r. They are extremely soft in texture. snow-white, and consist of IIhort, lIolt fibres. interspersed with platy' particles. This combination of short fibres and platelets makes them the ideal type for adding strength to the paint rilm for promoting durabilit,r and for non-setUing. : Sierra grades: Fibrene C-300 Fibrene l!-JOO Fibrene c-40o Fibrene c-500 Mit!tron 139 Hiatron F-128 Hiatron T-076 Histron !fiC Suggested uses: House paints, ~u8trial paints, government specification paints, flat en8l!lels. I Mistron MSC paint talc is distirictiv~ in that it is stearate coated while being ground. It has superior non-sltttling properties to arr:r paint talc on the market. Its reduction in oil ab~orption permits it to be used in gloss enamels. For lacquer sealers and synthetic enamel finishes it is unexcelled. I Fibrene M-JOO is produced only at our Grand Island, Nebraska, mill from Montana tales. It it! silll1lar to the iother Fibrene talcs except that it con- tains a portion of granular particles for slightl higher conSistency in paints. II TREmLITIC OR ACICULAR: These tales are similar to those produced in Hell York State and are altered from the mineral tremolite, a calciUlll III&gnesium silicate. They' are eharac~er1zed by' their long, neeclle-lilce c.tystals and are considerably harder than the I fibroua or foliated talcs. Sierrll. grades t NS Sn.vm IS SnoVER Suggested uses! Floor end deck paints, traffic paints and for an;y \"- other use where greater hardness of lilD1 and lover oil absorption i~ needed. I- THAN 11589 I I I, .. GRADES. TYPES, mOPERTIES AND I I PT-18 RECOMHENDATIONS - SmutA PAINT TAreS Page 3 of' ~ pages. June 1, 19,4 I, PLAT! OR MICACEOUS: The platy- particle :shape ot these tales imparts superior flow, brushabilit!' and ~othness of film because the particles tend to align themselves in the s~e pl3.ne. They are similar to the better water-washed micas in these respects. nllrY' are the best for the promotion ot hiding power. 'l.'hey add "slip" to paints and printing inks. They are pure chemica~, comp1ete~ inert and eXtreme~ low in water solubles. . I' Sierra grades: No. 7 Sagger Trinity- Superfine Mistron HGO-75 Mistron HOO-55 Suggested uses: water emulsion Ipaints, casein. latex, po~l acetate, acrylic and alsp auto~ot1ve lacquers. furniture finishes and en&~ellizc~ house paints. GRANULAR: This type of talc is also COJlllOOnly known as steatite. It is characterized by its <!ens'e, massive structure and uniformity of particle shape. lIhich approaches We Gr.nerical. It is soft and sands readiJ.T without roughing or gumming. It prpl110tas excellent adhesion. Sierra grades f I ~i~: ~!~ #111 Miatron HG.-75 Suggested uses: S(!.nding eealers~ and surfacers. Nitro-cellulose and B,Ynthetic autombtive and furniture finishes. .....I,., ..... We realize that the paint manufacturer ~U wish to i'ormulato with as fe'll grades of talc as possible. Therefore, the recommendations listed for the four diff.erent types are not necess~ rigid. With p~oper selection and formulation two o~ three talcs should serve all the needs o~ the paint plant. I PAINT PROPERTIES AFFECTED BY T.UC SELECTION The f"ollowing paragraphs indicate how paint properties can be altered or controlled by selecting the proper talce. : GLOSS (600 ) The Mistron tales are par~icular~ effective tor quick reduction and control of gloss in semi-gloss, egg-shell and flat enamels. The" can be stirred in to a gloss paint to obtain any degree ot flatne6s desired. Selection of" a particular Histron talc for this purpose depends on the quantity' limitations of the extender content and upon limitations as to viscosity. ~ I Commonl called lIangular $heen" and rated as 8,0 gloss, sheen can be enhanced by the selection'of a Mistron talc or almost eliminated by using a coarser ground talc such as the Fibrenes and Silver tales. Coarser particle size extenders promote a rougher film surface which diffuses ligb~ ~A+~A~ than refiecting i t . : NAP 70128645 'SERIES "D" OIL ABSORPTION Oil absorption has a bearing on the Viscosity, gloss and working properties of a paint, but it has been exaggerated in its importance. The degree ot oil absorpt.ion of" a talc is affected by its particle size and particle shape. Oil absorption increases as the fineness of the talc is increased. Granular tales yield the highest oil absorptions followed by platy, fibrous and tremolitic talcs in that o r d e r . : THAN 1570  GRADES, TYPES, ffiOPERTIES AND :PL-18 REC01ffF..!IDATIOifS SIERRA. PAINT TALeS I, Page 4 or 6 pages JUIlB 1, 19S4 VISCOSITY I I Viscosity effects are indicated but not completel,y controlled by' oil absorption. Generally sPealdng the plat;r and granular talcs ;yield the highest consistenc,y in paint. Viscosity also inc~ases as the fineness of the talc is increased. The Histron talcs ~ haudy touls for increasing viscosit;r and aro-this again 1s often done by mereJ;y stirring in the Miatron. Histron}llC ;yielda the lowest viscosity of of the Mistrons and thus 18 valuable wbere larger quantities of talc are desired in the formula witho'ut too great a oon8istene;r increase. I FINENESS The fineness of a paint als determined on the Hegman gauge can be no greater than the micron s~ze of the largest. particle pre8erlt in t~., paint pigments. Therefore, control of the top particle size of tile talc 1s by' fa:'.' the most important single factor determihing paint fineness. It the finer grinds ot bto 7 are required, and coarser extehders are used, p&.rticle size reduction h3S to take place in the paint mill. The Hiatron tales overcome this d1i'riculty by coming rendy for use WITHOUT further griluung to ;yield .fineness as high as Hegm&ll 7. Selection of the talc to sive a desired fineness can be determined by consulting the tables. Fineness of crind is becomihg more important with the increased use of high speed paint mills and dispersion mifls. HIDING POWER The index of refraction or talc being about the same as the oils and resins commo~ UBed, talc doea not b;r itaelf have appreciable hid.1ni power. However, their great ability to disperse the hiding pigments and keep them dispersed does result in a s~icant increase in dry hide when the M!..stron talcs are. UBed. In research work done in 01.ll' laboratories on fiat wall paints, it was :found that hiding power ix1crease is relative to the specUic surface of the talc. The Mistron tales, Idue to their ver,r great surface area, result in a rapid inorease ot dry hide wtlereas little or no increase results when the coarser talC8 are used. With the M1~tron tales .it is possible to decrease the amount. of hiding pigments and thus decrease costs. PENETRATION AND Talcs are superior to otIher extenders in preventing fioodiIlg or COLOR STABILITY float.ing of color pigments, particularl,v in the deep tones. Because they tend to retard penetration, the H:\.stron talcs are particularl,y effective in color uniformitY over both sealed and unsealed surfaces. The platy tales are superior in retarding penetration. CAN STABILITY Talc is one of the very b~st extenders :for ~evention an'i/or 18retarding o.f settling. The fibrous or toliated types are the J!IOst effeetive for non-settling. M!..stron MSC the best of all tales in suspension properties. Whan settling does occur in paints formulated with Sierra talcs, the settled portion remains soft and can be r~~ redispersed. DURABILITY The Fibrene tales, due to I ~eir col11binaUon or fibrous and plat;r particles, contribute greatl,y to exterior durability. The plat;r tales contribute to film smoothness and result in les8 dirt accumulation. Hiatron HGO-75 has been proven superior 1h promotion or duratili1;y in water tlIIlulsion ~xterior paints. In paints hav1hg to Withstand SEr"f.:e salt spraT tests, Fibrene 0-400 is outstanding. The same ~ true of lIl8rine pe.ints. NM> 70126646 SERIES on' THAN lS71  GRADES, TYPES, FROPmTIES MID P1-l8 RIroOMMEN!lATIONS - SIEllRA PAINT TALeS I Page 5 of 6 p~ges June 1, 1954 TEST illETHODS AND REFEaENCES orACID SOLUBLES are determined as follow~f Boll 1 gm. of talc with 50 cc. of 1/10 Ii sulfuric acid and I about 50 cc. distilled water. Then titrate to a faint pink with l/lo N sodium byclroxide using a few drops of phenolphthalein as indicator. 'lbe difference between the volume of acid and the required volume of sodium hydroxide multiplied by 0.28 equals the %of acid soluble lIubstances calculated as caO. I I SURFACE MEAlI DIAMETER. is determined in:the Fisher Sub-sieve Particle Size AnaJ.yzer by the air permeabil:i1iY method of E. L. ilooden arA C. M. Smith, Ind. Eng. Chern., Anal. Ed. !12 479-82 (1940). Specific surface values are eJpressed as square meters per gram+ SPECIFIC StRFACE is calculated from surface mean diameter according to the follow- ing. . Sw 6 x 1cP sJ -were specific surface in om2/g. dn\ - surface mean diameter in microns dmP ~ specific gravity of sample PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTIOlh For complete particle size an~ses in the full . range ot mIcron sizes, consult Sierra's 'ruc Portfolio. Method: The turbimetric method of Musgrave and Harner. See Sierra's Technical Report No. 21-T. I OIL ABSCEPTION is reported by both the Gardner-Coleman and the spatula rub-out methods. Spencer-Kallog's "SUPERIOR" linseed 011 was used. Rub-out methods or oil absorption were !run to the Azam end-point. See II. A. lzam "Oil Absorption of Pigmentsll Ind. Eng. Chem Anal.Ed. llt,545 (1942) I CONSISTENCY RATINGS are made on the Krebs modification of the Stormer Viscosilm tar using a 40% suspension of talc in linseed oll at 25 c., agitated for 10 minutes and consitenqy measured b,y ASTH Method D 562-44. I FLATTING AND HIDING l'()Wffi ..are determined by- results obtained in a gloss all<yd enamel. Ef'ficienqy of the various talcs should be relatively the same for other finiShes. For complete results consult Sierra1s Technical Report No. 22-T dated October 6, 1953. Talcs are rated in the order of their efficiency. No. 1 tor instance gives the quickest arid greatest reduction ot gloss, No. 16, the least reduction, boH1determined at 40% pigment volume concentration. For reduction of angular sheen, measurements at 60~ P.V.C. were used because this PVC accentuated to the greatestdegree the true di!1'erence between the various talcs. Hiding power determinations were re.ted at 70r; P.V.C the point at Mch dry hide differences could be beat accentuated. For complete chemic~analyses and pqys1cal properties, consult Sierra's Talc Portfolio and published Technical Reports. NAP 70128647 SERIES'D" THAN 15'72 "'j r CIII!IICAL AID PllfarCAL /!lOI'!IITIES or TYPICAL aAIIPUS OF ,DallA 1'1\111'1 T&I.CS _ca ___fDS.CIIIm:AL aWca_,J Cald_ Qd.\\o, caD, J lolA _1M .. COO, J ,oJ!.oil oa Ipitioa, Sppioc:l1'U _ _, a.. n_ n_ ~ .!!::!!!!.. e7-89 8e--Uu ~ 3-> '.Q1)-14 9.1& 6-7 4,200 lIo,56O nt.r.w ~ 8S-9o >-7 S-7 8-9 9.J 7,)60 -n_ ...2:2!!.. Ii-6 3-S 6-7 90k 12,720 '.5. !!!!: ~'1 ,3--1>0 6-7 9 5,580 1.5. .!!!; ~'1 1-10 3-S 6-7 'ok 5,170 Sierra Sqpr Tr1A1"T _ ' - JL. !!I!:!!!!!!! ...m!.. SL-56 1-) 1-) 910 9.1 12,200 91-92 .75-1 ,.).90-1.2 S-6 15,160 85-39 6-lO ,.36-10 10-U 3,170 lIiot-ra ...!!!!!.!! 19-91 2-3 2-3 '6.-k7 b,900 _ _ _ IlUtroD IIU_ IIU_ . ._ -.YL .!::!!!.. ~ -1!!L -..zs woo-ss 90-92 b-6 3-S 6-7 9.~ 7,360 90-92 L-6 3-S ,6o-k7 1.360 90-92 L-6 ,...3-S 6-7 1.)60 90-92 L-6 3-S 6-7 9 5.1075 91-92 91-92 .7s;.1..5 .75ool.5 .~1.2: .90-1.2 S-6 S-6 9.3 9.) 15,160 1.,160 !!!!!!!!! _ I'&rt1c1o Mso 1a M!.cr_ 60 SO 106.0 106.0 70 60 eo 106 60 L6 JO 15 12 o.s.o.,_ _ _ .Dia" :In MIcron. 2.5-2.7 2-l.b 2.3-2.5 1.5-2.0 k.9-5.o ).!!-).7 ).~-).6 2-2" ).1_).) 2.,_).0 1,2-1.) 1-102 5 12 9.5 1-1.2 0.7-0.9 0.5-0.6 - - s.r-Spoclfio " " _ , 9q. 1Iotu/llna 0.7-0.5 0.9-1.0 0.8-0.9 0.'-1.0 0.5-0.6 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.8 0.'100 0.6-0.7 0.7-0.5 loW.' 2.1-2.3 Z.3-2ok Z.0-2.2 2.7-2.9 3.B-Il.0 $ - . 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S.S 8.~ ).2 0 7.2 2.6 ).1 2.8 96.,,6.7 100 100 100 100 100 81,1 101..5 '3.5 91.3 100 lOO SZ.k 59.1 75.1 51.1 66.6 13.5 lS.9 20.6 20.7 12.6 25.7 0l'n1.SpooitI.. -,--\--Wei*" por IIol.U CIollon 1]).~. ~~~,~Jt~3 (lIrMOlUw> _ _ III OIL 2.19 2.77 23.2k 2).07 .tt.:103 .OIU)' 23-211 2O-2l. l1li es 2.79 23.Zb .010303 22-23 88 2.79 2).!1, .ClI.303 19-21 ee 2.85 23.74 .010212 32-)) D} 2.as 2).~ .04212 21-29 IS 2.!!O 2).)2 .04288 24-25 76 2.76 22." .010)$0 23-2~ 87 2.6? 22.U .ot.Io62 2a.29 75 2.7) 22.7~ .04227 27-28 81 2.19 23.2k .tt.:lO) 1k-lS l1li 2.19 2.19 2.19 2.76 23.zb .~3 23.21, .DiIJoJ Zl.2k .0Ia303 22." .0103$0 12-13 u....u lO-ll lO-ll l1li 88 at as 2.76 22." .ClI.3S0 e.8-9 OSJpGS&ltloJll.l&i_A_~__ l2b0o._/lDO ])0. t_Col_'_> CouioUNr 1ft LIMoocI QU r.1.0.0,$.sn.poM-1-ce1.11IOf il aso_""'~ !ttioioftq - 6d' CIlcoI IIWlIc ,....,. tauac I .... ~ 28-30 7.& 68-10 2-3 12 3 13 30-32 8-9 '!O-7Z 2-3 II k 12 JO-lZ r.s.& 70-75 2.>-3.5 9 6 9 28-30 7-1 ,71-73 ).s.a..5 8 8 26-28 6-7 S5-6C 1-2 16 1 16 28-30 6.5-7.5 6o.6Z 2-3 15 7 II )2.~ 7-1 6$-67 2.) 1) 10 lIo )2.)1, e9 70-75 ).>-L-5 6 5 7 26-28 U 61,-66 1.5-2 lIo 2 15 3O-lZ 7.& 62-610 2-3 10 9 10 )5-37 )I.loo U-IJo 33-35 SG-SZ )5-60 1-10 1o-lD.5 lO-ll 8-9 13-lIo 15-16 87-89 ~ V "'""7 11 " 116 12 6-7 66-6? U6-ll9 llo-lSO 6-7 6-7 6-7 2 31 1) 16 lb 15 1 21 ...!"- t: '" HAP 70 t 28648 SERIES "0"