Document qJ9Xr8nog15N538nwrz62eRK

i-te'navciai Easiness Mecrnnes Corpo'etion 'klV 19S0 -0 White Plan's Road Tarrytown N V 10591 914/997-3000 Mr. Peter Stark District Staff Manager, Safety New York Telephone Company 1095 Avenue of the Americas New York, New York 10036 Subject: Asbestos Fireproofed Buildings - Telephone Installation Dear Mr. Stark: Enclosed please find the results of the air sampling tests which were carried out in cooperation with your personnel in two of our asbestos identified buildings in lower Westchester on April 8, 1980. We would appreciate receiving a copy of your air sampling tests' results so that we may compare them with the attached "Clayton" data. Based on the "Clayton" tests and on the assumption that your tests confirm these results, we agree that under present regulations the wearing of respirators is not required. We will continue to require that no IBM employees be within 20 feet of where the telephone in stallers are workihg above hung ceilings. cc: Mr. J. C. Avery, w/Attachment Dr. M. Com, w/Attachment Mr. T. P. Dalton Mr. A. J. DeGaetani Mr. R. Deitchman, w/Attachment Mr. E. F. Drusc'nel Mr. H. Grau Mr. R. C. Hollyday, Jr. Mr. M. C. Kennedy Mr. T. J. McManus, Jr., w/Attachment Mr. M. J. Sgobbo Mr. N. E. Wood, w/Attachment CONFIDENT!: 003490 Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. SURVEY OF TELEPHONE CABLE INSTALLERS' EXPOSURE TO ASBESTOS at IBM Corporation White Plains, New York May 2, 1980 Job No. 8479-679-IH CONFIDENTIAL 003491 CONTENTS SUMMARY INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTIONS OF FACILITIES PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS APPENDIXES A SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL RESULTS B RESULTS OF BULK SAMPLE ANALYSES C FLOOR PLANS INDICATING SAMPLE LOCATIONS D TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AIRBORNE ASBESTOS EXPOSURE E SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR ASBESTOS F STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR ASBESTOS G CONTROL PROCEDURES FOR INSULATION REMOVAL AND REPAIR H CRITERIA USED FOR SAMPLING CONFIDENTIAL 003492 SUMMARY Studies were performed .for International. Business Machines (IBM) Corporation by Clayton-Environmental Consultants, Inc. (CEC), to establish the degree of exposure to air borne asbestos fibers experienced by telephone company in stallers working in buildings with asbestos-containing fireproofing. Two separate studies were conducted at different IBM-owned facilities in White Plains, New York. Both facilities contain sprayed-on asbestos-containing fireproofing. These studies involved simulated cable in stallation by employees of New York Telephone. Air sampling indicated fiber concentrations less than or equal to 0.14 fibers* per cubic centimeter (fibers*/cc) of air for short-term (15-minute) personal samples worn by the telephone company installers, and general area fi ber concentrations ^0.06 fibers*/oc on a time-weighted average (TWA) basis. *>5ym in length Lm i*,- j v * L, Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. Page Two INTRODUCTION International Business Machines (IBM) Corporation re tained Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. (CEC), to perform concurrent air sampling with an industrial hy gienist from New York Telephone during simulated telephone cable installation activities at two preselected IBM fa cilities. The intent of this survey was to determine the degree of exposure to airborne asbestos fibers experienced by telephone company installers during cable instllations, and to determine the airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers within and around the installation areas. These IBM locations were selected for this study based upon the presence of asbestos-containing fireproofing (see Appendix B), and availability of vacant rooms in which to conduct the testing. The surveys were performed on April 8, 1980, by Mr. Charles L. Blake of CEC, at the 1133 Westchester Avenue and the One Corporate Park facili ties in White Plains, New York. Mr. Roy Deitchman, in dustrial hygienist'for New York Telephone, performed lim ited concurrent monitoring. Appendix A contains sampling and analytical results; Appendix B contains .results of analyses of bulk samples previously submitted by IBM personnel; Appendix C contains sketches of the floor plans indicating sample locations; Appendix D contains information regarding the toxicologica aspects of airborne asbestos exposure; Appendix E contains the sampling and analytical methods used during this sur vey; Appendix F contains applicable standards and guide lines for asbestos; Appendix G is a review of control pro cedures for removing or repairing insulation containing asbestos; and Appendix H contains the criteria used for sampling. CONFIDENTIAL Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. Paqe Three DESCRIPTIONS OF THE FACILITIES 1123 WESTCHESTER AVENUE 15." data processing division (DPD) headquarters at 1133 Westchester Avenue, White Plains, New York, consists of multiple units, identified as Building A (southeast side), Buildings B and C (main building), Building D, and Build ing E (computer rooms), with approximately 338,000 square feet of total useable floor space. A]1 of the buildings, except Building E, have four levels; i.e., terrace, first, second, and third level. The first level houses the cafe teria, mail room, receiving dock, payroll department, com puter room, conference rooms, classrooms, secretarial areas, and lobby. The terrace level contains the boiler room, TV studio, photographic laboratory, computer room, and medical department. The second and third levels serve as office space and data processing centers. Sketches of each level are provided in Appendix C. Subjective observation of the facility revealed insulation material on all support beams and floor pans. The sus pended tile ceiling, which is present throughout the ma jority of the buildings, functions as a return air plenum with supply air ducted into each room. The DPD headquarters studies were conducted within and around a conference room (3J81) on the 3rd level of Build ing B. Sketches showing sampler locations and cable placement are provided in Appendix C. ONE CORPORATE PARK IBM's One Corporate Park, Harrison, New York, facility is a four-story building with approximately 100,000 square feet of useable floor space. Subjective observation of the facility revealed insulation material on all support beams. The suspended tile ceiling, which is present throughout the building, functions as a return air plenum. Supply air is ducted into each room. The One Corporate Park studies were conducted in and around the cafeteria, located on the ground level. Sketches show ing sampler locations and cable placement are provided in Append:x C. CONFIDENTIAL Clayton Environmental Consultants, Inc. Page Four PRESENTATION AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS This survey program involved industrial hygiene sampling curing simulated telephone cable placement operations at two IBM facilities. Details of the procedure were nearly identical for each facility. The 100-pair insulated telephone cable that was used was approximately 50 feet long, w:th three-headed Amphenol plugs attached on each e:i. It was simplv deployed and left lying atop the suspended ceiling, wh.ch is a typi cal practice for such installations. Two installers, employees of New York Telephone, per formed the cable placing operations using two different methods at each facility. The suspended ceiling was first opened approximately every 10 feet by pushing up ceiling tiles and moving them aside to rest on the ad jacent ceiling, where they remained throughout both cable placing procedures. One method of cable placement in volved climbing a stepladder, entering the interceiling space to shoulder level, and throwing a ball of string from one of the ceiling openings to the next. The string, which was attached to the cable pairs, was then used to pull the cable from the first to the next opening. The procedure was then repeated until the cable had been pulled completely into the interceiling space. The two men divided their work so that one was throwing the string and pulling the cable (installer), and the other was feeding cable into the ceiling entrance (helper). The second method of cable placement involved using an approximately 10-foot long wooden stick to push the lead ing end of the cable from opening to opening and into the interceiling space. Again, the two men divided their work, with one pushing cable (installer) and the other feeding cable (helper)v Following each cable placement, which required about 5 minutes, the cable was drawn through the ceiling and out the far end back onto the floor. The ceiling tiles were refitted after the second cable placement in each case. The installers then left the building. Effort was made to establish background, as well as am bient, airborne fiber concentrations. At the 1133 West chester Avenue facility, samples were taken of the air in test Room 3J80, in the adjoining hallway, and in the interceiling space. A single sampler was placed atop Building A approximately 10 feet in front of the fresh air intake ducts. 003493 CJayton Environmental Consultant*, Inc. Page Five Results of sampling at the 1133 Westchester Avenue loca tion indicated personal exposures to fiber concentrations ranging from <0.11 to 0.14 fibers*/cc for shcrt-tern (15-ir.ute 1 samples taken during the separate cable placement operations. The area samples indicated airborne fiber concentrations ranging from <0.02 fibers*/cc in the room ar.d hallway adjacent the test room (3J81), to 0.06 fibers* .'cc within the interceiling space prior to cable place ment. Considering the established margins of error asso ciated with existing airborne fiber sampling end analyti cal methodology, it is not prudent to draw conclusions regarding the apparent variations among these data. However, all airborne fiber concentrations measured at the 1133 Westchester location were below the existing Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) stan dard of 2.0 fibers*/cc for an 8-hour, time-weighted aver age (TWA) concentration, and the 10 fibers*/cc ceiling concentration limit. The tests at the One Corporate Park facility were con ducted in the building's cafeteria, located in the north east corner of the first floor. The same installers from the 1133 Westchester Avenue tests installed the same cable at the One Corporate Park facility. The cable was placed along a straight line running from the building wall to ward the center. Both personal breathing zone and area samples were taken. One sampler was placed on a dining table below the cable run, and a second sampler was placed in the building hallway adjoining the cafeteria. An ambient air sample was taken directly outside the caf eteria at ground level. The results of short-term (15-minute) air sampling at One Corporate Park indicated personal exposures to fiber con centrations of <0.11 fibers*/c=. Analysis of the area samples indicated no detectable fibers*; thus, possible airborne concentrations ranged from <0.03 to <0.06 fibers* /cc during the roughly 1-hour period of the study. As with the 1133 Westchester Avenue study, no conclusions can be drawn from these data, although all concentrations remained below the existing OSIiA standards. Immediately following the cable placing operations, an IBM maintenance man vacuumed the floor below the test, installations with a vacuum cleaner fitted with multiple stage filtration elements (Nilfisk Model GA 71). In each study, the cables were laid above the ceiling, but were not connected to any terminals or junctions. No penetritions of any partitions or girders were made and no attachment of special supports was required. The actual period of work required for each placement * * 5 uin 1 en CONFIDENTIAL 003497 Clayton Environmental Consultants, inc. Page Six in these tests was less than 10 minutes per placement. Tor work which requires longer periods of time within the intercutling space or in other areas where un covered fireproofing exists, fiber exposure may be of greater magnitude than that indicated by these tests. It appears from these tests, however, that exposure (as referred to in the OSKA standard) does exist, and a pro gram of medical monitoring is recommended for telephone company installers. A.t a minimum, this program must include chest roentgenograms (14" x 17" posterioranterior) , pulmonary function tests, and a thorough medical history of each employee. This report submitted by: Charles L. Blake, C.I.H. Senior Industrial Hygienist This report appro"ed by: t. Vice President Director, Industrial Hygiene and Laboratory Sfc'-ices May 2, 1980 CONFIDENTIAL 003498 APPENDIX A SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL RESULTS CONFIDENTIAL 003499 I ! C u o ft o u 6C u V) cc H M q; aj G5 CLAYTON ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, IN C IN D U S T R IA L HYG IENE SAM PLING SUMMARY W 0) 4J 0} 0) -C U U CO O co co 2. C3 C COMc'D^ 4? f. a% An 003500 CLAYTON ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, INC IN D U S T R IA L HYGIENE SAM PLING SUMMARY \ CO .4c-i u O 4-3 <3 Qi ^i 05 U Q> Si to m co H U a 4J CO S u tCoO 0) 4J uCO oto w o u 0) c o r X. 4J e CO *-4 to CONFIDENTIAL 003501 CLAYTON ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, INC IN D U S T R IA L HYG IENE SAMPLING SUMMARY 1 c <3 u 0) cs w 60 0) ja Uu to cd U Q CO 2 c Cu 0) cd W 0 a u Q CJ> 03 C o 1 cc. a CO CONFIDENTIAL 003502 CLAYTON ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS, INC IN D U S T R IA L HYG IEN E SAM PLING SUMMARY G W u 0) u ce w u a0 w u CJ X tn W CJ 4J X u CD 4J CO O X o 4J CO 0> n CO i #CcQ- W CC P* CONFIDENTIAL 003503 APPENDIX B RESULTS OF BULK SAMPLE ANALYSES CONFIDENTIAL 003504 to H to >1 (0 cC <o H (0 4J 0 IS AJ p to u 0 0) 0 a ACO IM u o <u u-< o CQ H P U O & QJ CC S H 1 o t cn cc 0 z 0 CONFIDENTIAL lbi ke ieg e w so ith ft 003505 APPENDIX C FLOOR PLANS INDICATING SAMPLE LOCATIONS confidential 003 L U OX u o is. J > > C <3 k 01 c 2 k 0 . 0 u rk o fc, 3 TJ W4 nk & z c w Sam pling Area , (see in s e t) CONFIDENTIAL P c0) 0) i-t o<0 /* \ \ \ \ '(SMI ' /I *S / / / 003P07 CONFIDENTIAL SAMPLE LOCATIONS Cr.e Corporate Park White rlair.s, New Vcrk st :.cc: 003508 APPENDIX D TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AIRBORNE ASBESTOS EXPOSURE CONFIDENTIAL 003509 ASBESTOS Asbestos is a generic terra referring to various fibrous r.i-eral silicates, including chrysotile (hydrated magnesium silicate), amos-te (iron-magnesium silicate), crccicolite (sodiun-iron silicate), trecolite (calciua-nagnesiua sili cate), anthophyll ite (another iron-magne s iura silicate), ar.c actinolite (calc iua-nagnes iun-iron silicate). The potential health hazard associated with exposure to asbestos results from inhalation of airborne fibers; small asbestos fibers can pass readily through the upper respira tory tract and be deposited in the terminal bronchioles of the lung. There they can produce a local irritation which the body attempts to overcome by initiating a tissue re sponse resulting in the encapsulation of the fibers and cons o o ut n, t formation of "asbestos bodies." Asbestos fibers are the causative agents in cases of asbestosis, a pro gressive disease characterized by diffuse interstitial fibrosis and, at times, pleural changes of fibrosis and calcification. It is often evident by such clinical signs as rales and dyspnea. In its severe form, asbestosis can contribute to, and result in, death due to the inability of the body to obtain oxygen or the heart to pump blood through the scarred lungs. Exposure to airborne asbestos fiber also has been associated with bronchogenic carcinoma (a malignancy of the interior of the lung), mesothelioma (a diffuse malignancy of the lining of the chest cavity or abdomen), and cancer of the stomach, colon, and rectum. Cigarette smoking can enhance the incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma from this substance. In order to protect workers from such occupational hazards, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established a limit of two fibers (longer than five micrometers) per cubic centimeter of air as an eight-hour, time-weighted average concentration limit. This OSHA standard also specifies a ceiling (peak) exposure limit of. ten fibers per cubic centimeter of air. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) has established a threshold limit value of five fibers (longer than five micrometers) per cubic centimeter of air. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has reconmended a daily time-weighted average exposure limit of 0.1 fiber per cubic centimeter of air, with a peak concentration limit of 0.5 fibers per cubic centimeter based on a 15-minute sample period. CONFIDENTIAL 003510 APPENDIX E SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR ASBESTOS CONFIDENTIAL 003511 ASBESTOS Samples for the determination of airborne asbestos fibers were collected by drawing air at measured flowrates through open-face cassettes containing 37-mi11imeter diameter cellu lose ester membrane filters (Millipore, Type AA) using battery-powered, portable pumps (Nine Safety Appliances Company, Model G). After collection of each sample, the cassette was covered and sealed immediately for transport to the laboratory. Samples were collected with the filter face downward. Area samples were positioned so that the filter was between 3 and 7 feet above the floor to approximate workers' breathing zone heights. Unless mentioned otherwise in the sample des cription, all area samples were collected at fixed locations throughout the sampling period. Each sample was analyzed subsequently for asbestos fibers using the microscopic technique currently specified by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Briefly, the technique consisted of the following steps: a wedge-shaped sector of each filter was cut carefully from the sample and mounted on a standard microscope slide, using a high-viscosity solution of membrane filter material in a 1:1 mixture of diethyl oxalate and dimethyl phthalate to render the filter transparent. Asbestos fibers, defined as particles having aspect ratios (apparent length to width) of three or greater, which were visible on the surface of the filter,were counted using a binocular microscope equipped with 10X eyepieces and a 40X objective with phase contrast illumina tion. Porton reticle fields, selected at random on the sample, were examined,and fibers greater than 5 micrometers in length were counted until either of two conditions was satisfied: 1. A minimum of 100 fibers was counted in 20 or more fields. 2. A minimum of 100 fields was examined. Results of the microscopic analyses were used with field sampling data (measured flowrates and duration of sampling) to calculate the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers corresponding to each sample in units of fibers greater than 5 micrometers in length per cubic centimeter of air. CONFIDENTIAL 003512 APPENDIX F STANDARDS AND. GUIDELINES FOR ASBESTOS 003513 31;P30-i reference file r*o- z-: tc> Methods of complience--<11 En- 8*-he< *:r l!r Accrpi&'.i cnllnc conc<m;&t:; A*r*f>t*> 1* irdiliiiitm pcik nhovt tl'* v`f- rr(ltnK couccnUft* tie.''- >'/' r v rteur jh.il Cor.Utttn.Uc:. Mi'Jlnun pmccriito nsrflsodj, til Engineering con trol* engineering controls, such as. but. not limited to. isolation, enclosure, ex haust ventilation, and dart cnllection, duration shall be used to meet the exposure limits ttrv,. cccrpcv .dJ 2JC^r ^rS.m...................... S**i.r*>p.m*.......................621500D.Dm................... .... JO r.ir.jitca. minutes. prescribed In paragraph <b) of this section. f 'Mip:r r/m............^* ' ' `................. C. J r* M*...............C- 3 nr M Uli Loczl exhaust ventilation, (a) Local exhaust ventilation and dust col *.`lcC te'.rscMuf, ,,f . T* 7v*:tic r-r?*.' *', [.........r P ir.........................Mppm. ........... 100 p p is;........... .30 minutes 10 p p.m....____75 p p.m . ....... iW p.j m....... 6n*ir.ul*'in r:;-- i:-::)------------------ rr-t m'*' jnv \ hours. ......._.._6C pr po.mn*.....................soluru*p p.22........ M ppi p P-m__ , 5 nl-itM , manisysu3lrhaMInjrt. lection systems shall be designed. con structed. installed, and maintained In accordance wain the American National Stnndarc Fundamentals Governing the Design and Opc-ratioi cl Local Exhaust <1.1*1 (?V 2V*s. :c--tik '?!'(Z*;: r: s>i/05*n r/.rr s- iw;, .. 2 ft rtC 'M....................................................................................... . iui' ... 5 p p.m......... 10 i j m.................30 minute n. m . 20 p.p.m.......... 60 f p.m......... ]0minute*.'onr only II no oir r measur* able *tpoaur% Systems. ANSI 29 2-1971, v hach is in corporated by reference herein. <bi See 5 1SH0 6 concerning the avail ability of ANSI 29.2-1971. and the maintenance of a historic f.ie tn connec Lead and its taorgamc compounds 0.2 mg/m` oecur*. tion therewith. The address of the Amer tz ::.im969 Mercury <7J7,S-1cn..................... ................... l mr^toM *....................... WcWr^UWoridi >7.3? |S-t9** ............. 100 p.p.m....... 200 p.p.m............... 300 p.pap........... $ minutM tn any 3 hours. Chwriilr 1737 33 >9691.................. 600 p.p.m........ 1.000 p.p.m............ 2,000 p.p.m____ 6 minutes in anT 2 noun. Ornr.o fn!t>n niMrury (Z3;JO-1968)......... 0.01 ms./M'... 0.O* m|tJM >........................................... 6:r:n (X37.IS-IW&y; .................................. 100 p.p.m..........00O p.p.m............... 600 p.p.m______ tmJmituIo any 3 hrmn, 7%ircWoroU\yUn UJtJl-USn............ toorpm.........lOOppm............ MOppm----------- 6mlnuiln any 3 houn Tslows (Z3?.1<-IS:! .................................. 200p.p.m........ ICOp.pjn................ SMii.y.m........... lOmlmitos. ican National Standards Institute is given in 5 1310.100. (UP Particular tools. All hand-op erated and power-operated tools which may produce or release asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b> of this section, such as. but not limited to, saws, scorers, abrasive wheels, and drills, shall be pro 7r*ehioro*ttivl.n. (7.22.19-19671..................... 100 p P m ........ JOflppm............... 300 p.p.m........ tmlmitwln wiv 2 t-'W/v vided with local exhaust \ cmilation sys tems in accordance with subdivision UP 1 Occupsiionxl exposure* ip bmtnt p/e subject to the requirements of Section 1110.1021 except as specifically exempted by SectM* l)10 102iiii(2i exposures exempted by Section !)10.1Q2lta)(2) are covered ry Uus Secuoo 1)10.1000 of this subparagraph. [Footnote to Table Z-2 added at 43 FR 5963, February 10.1978; entry on Lead deleted from Table (2) Work practices--(p Wet methods. 2-2 at 43 FR 52952, November 14. 1978. effective February 1. 1979; official corrections at 43 FR Insofar as practicable, asbestos shall be 57601, December 8. 1978; entry on Lead returned to table at 44 FR 14554. March 13. 1979) handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut. T.ble 7.-0 --Mineral Dusts SubsUnre Mnpet &UVci Cf r*t*Wn*! Quartz (ro*p1r*Wf/......... 233 > %StOH-6 Quart! (loUl dust)................ Gristobtiitc: Uv ffthr Tuo* raJcul#<***1 from th* jOnin/M* 75*10,-2 yimilM' %StOi4-2 A**mJyn*m1c dUmft*f (unit Uensity sphere) Tercrm pustng srlfrtor . *2 2.5 1.6 6.0 10 90 U 60 25 0 Thf tnntmrrmems undfr th note ulrr to ihf ov oi n AKC inlnim*m. Tf Ih* rMOlrubl* (fJKilon o' /Oil dnt utth l.MHE the fleur* cnnc<fvm<tJnc tn thnt o(2 4 in th tah'r It* eooitiuit 151-5 Mc'Mi. lOfhcial rnircrtton to Table 2-3 at 43 FR scored, or otherwise worked in a wet state sufficient to prevent the emission of airborne fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph <b) of this section, unless the usefulness of the product would be diminished thereby. (11) Particular products end operafions. No asbestos cement, mortar, coat ing. grout, plaster, or similar material count or ni*.n formulae lor quartz TrKJrmitr: Tv *5 rh* rtto* 5<r.01. nerember 8. 19781 g 1910.1001 Asbestos. containing asbestos shall be removed from bags, cartons, or other containers rtlculatcO 1mm the loravjtftr lor quarti Arrvcruoou*. including natural tfutomtceous earth............ . (&> Definitions. For the purpose of in which they arc shipped, without betnn this section. *1) "Asbestos'' includes cither wetted, or enclosed, or ventilated 30 jOmc.'M' chrysotile. amosite. crocidohte. tremo- so as to prevent effectively the release of 95S10, lite, anthophyllite. and acUnolite. airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the Sirw.M Uma than l% erjrv- taUtnc siitca): Mtei....................................... feapnone .......................... . Tac(non-n*tr*io5 form) Tele (hhrou). vhntos limit .... Tremnhie (m* t^le. flhrous) PmHand crniMit...... Ofjnoiie (tmtnrxl)....... . Coal uu^t (rieuoti leal then 67e bJOjJ.............. For more tfmn 57, SIOi.......... . Ine't or Vil**nrr Pii4t; Jl*4trnbl'` fraction.......... . ToisI (iuit............... . (2) "Asbestos fibers" means asbestos fibers longer than 5. micrometers. 20 20 (b) Permissible exposure to airborne 30* concentrations of asbestos fibers--ci> Standard effective July 7. IS72. Tire 8-hour time-weighted average airborne 80 15 concentrations of asbestos fibers to which any employee may be exposed 2.4mp*M shall not exceed five fibers, longer than Of tOnif/M* 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air, as determined by the method pre ^SiOi+2 scribed in paragraph <e> of this section. 16 imc'M1 (2) Standard effective July i, 1976. 80 UtupW The 8-hour time-weighted average air limits prescribed in paragraph lb) of this section. (hi) Spraying, demolition, or removal. Employees engaged In the spraying of asbestos, the removal, or demolition of Pipes, structures, or equipment covered or insulnted with asbestos, and in the removal or demolition of asbestos in sulation or coverings shall be provided with respiratory equipment ir. accord ance with paragraph ibXSXiii) of this section and with special clothing in ac cordance with paragraph (d)(3) of this section. borne concentrations of Rsbestos fibers SQ7r f'nnTArOrtn f trie** " mppcl X2S 3 nil.turn p.m, <e coble mrt^r p.iriirln |*r r r. Ml'.hniM of jMtMl. J.1* <<v\i of *Jr nn |npu*f* tnni|><p ni,filrii hr 'vM-fi1 M 1^*Jnir ' Tt*i ir^uu.p in it'* t'rir\uft Je ihf aTfluri MrrnMiiP'i r*..n, w*njli>e. m. C*r ; * * *.. in* * .... in -/ltrn OU)*f n^'hoOltA Tt* to which any empioyce may be exposed shall not exceed two fibers, longer than 5 micrometers, per cubic centimeter of air. as determined by the method pre scribed in paragraph *. e of this section. (3) Cctltng cor.ccn'rctior. No em ployee shall be expo?ec a; r.r.y time to <d) Personal protective equipment-- (l) Compliance with the exposure limits prescribed by paragraph <b> of tins sec tion may not be achieved by the use of respirators or shift rotation of em ployees. except: <!' Dunne the tune penod necessary caun- - * * Cc-.llir.; Hash. `n* nppM- airborne concentrations of asbestos V \ finr &cie.*i'li fibers in excess of *0 fibers. Icr.zcr than u tfu. uic ijuurt I 5 micrometers, oer cut:;: centimeter of air. as determined by the method pre to lnsv.ii; `.hr cnginecrir.c controls and *' `n'titutr the work practices reaulred . paragraph 'ci of this section; (in In non: situations m which the scribed In paragraph >e cf this section. methods yrc'cnbed :n paragraph <c> of Occupc'.onm lo'.y E --an- reoei'c. IScc. 19i0.1001ldmii,,!l 74 003514 TOXIC SUBSTANCES sm 31:8305 this secr.cr are ci` .or technically not rc;.::t.e cr ancle to ar. extent insuffi- c.-.T.t to rta-ct t.-.c airtcrr.e coneentra:.cr.: : aunt: f.ccrs celow the preserved cr paragraph ib> of this seenm: ... Ir. c.-r.ercencies. tit Wr.crs pair. respirators and per- scr.r.o! rotation are allowed by subdivi sions ; . i;: . or u:i cf this subpara graph. ar.d cc;h ere practicable. person nel rotation 5..all it; preferred and need, (2 v.*here a respirator to permuted by s-opararrap.. I c`. this paragraph, snall be teletted from among tnose ap proved bv ;Bureau of Mines. Depart ment of the Inter.or.'or the National In stitute for Occupational Safety and Health, Department of Health. Educa tion. and Welfare, under the provisions of 3C CFR Part U (37 Fit. 6244. Mar. 25. 19721, and shall be used in accordance with subdivisions ii), (ii). and (tv) of this subparagraph. (ii Air purifying respirators. A reusa ble or single use air purifying respirator, or a respirator described in subdivision Ui) or (in) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling cr the 8-hour time-weighted aver age airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed no more than 10 times those limits. (ii) Powered air purifying respirators. A full facepiece powered air purifying respirator, or a powered air purifying respirator, or a respirator described in subdivision tiii) of this subparagraph, shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers-in the respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed m paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour time- weighted average concentrations of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 10 times, but not 100 times, those limits. Ciii) Tvpe"C" supplied-air respirators, continuous flow or pressure-demand class. A type "C" continuous flow or pres sure-demand. supplied-air respirator shall be used to reduce the concentra tions of airborne asbestos fibers in the respirator below the exposure limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this section, when the ceiling or the 8-hour time- weighted average airborne concentra the safety or health of the employee or ether employees will be impaired by ms use oi a respirator. Such err.piv yee sha'.. he mated to another ;ob or given Lhe opportunity to transfer to a different po sition whose duties he is able to perform with the same employer, in the same geo graphical area and with the same senior ity. status, and rate of pay he hau just prior to such transfer. ;f such a different positicr. is available. (3> Special clothing: The employer snail provide, and require the use of, spe cial clothing, such as coveralls or similar whole body clothing, head coverings, gloves, and foot coverings for any em ployee exposed to airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers, which exceed the ceiling level prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. (4) Change rooms: (i) At any fixed place of employment exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers in ex cess of the exposure limits prescribed m paragraph (b) of this section, the em ployer shall provide change rooms for employees working regularly at the place- (ii) Clothes lockers: The employer shall provide two separate lockers or con tainers for each employee, so separated or isolated as to prevent contamination of the employee's street clothes from his work clothes. (ill) Laundering: (a) Laundering ot asbestos contaminated clothing shall be done so as to prevent the release of air borne asbestos fibers in excess of the ex posure limits prescribed in paragraph <b) of this section. (b> Any employer who gives asbestoscontaminated clothing to another person for laundering shall inform such person of the requirement Sn (a) of this, subdi vision to effectively prevent the release of airborne asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section. (c) Contaminated clothing shall be transported in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers, and labeled in accordance with para graph (g> of this section. (e) Method of measurement. All de terminations of airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers shall be made by the membrane filter method at 400-450 x (magnification) (4 millimeter objective! with phase contrast illumination. (f) Monitoring--CI) Initial determi nations. Within 6 months of the publi fill Sampling frequency ar.d patterns. After the initial setcrmmatiens required by r-uparagraph ' 1 cl paragraph, samples snail r.e oi s_:r. frequency and pattern as to represent w.-.r. reasonable accuracy the levels cf exposure of em ployees. In no case sr.a.. tue sampling be done at intervals greater tran months lor employees whose exposure to asbestos may reasor.se.y be foreseen to exceed the limits prescnbec by paragraph (b) of this section. (3) Environmental mentoring--'!) samples shall be collected from areas ot a went environment .vnich are represent ative of the airqcrr.e concentrations of asbestos fibers which may reach the breathing cone of employees Samples shall be collected on a membrane filter of 0.8 micrometer porosity mounted in an open-face filter holder Samples shall be taken for the deterrom; non of the 8- hour time-weighted average airborne concentrations and of the ceiling con centrations of asbestos fibers. (ii) Sampling frequency and patterns. After the initial determmations required by subparagraph (1) of this paragraph, samples shall be of such frequency and pattern as to represent with reasonable accuracy the levels of exposure of the employees. In no case shall sampling be at intervals greater than 6 months for employees whose exposures to asbestos may reasonably be foreseen to exceed the exposure limits prescribed in para graph (b) of this section. (4) Employee observation of monitor ing. Affected employees, or their rep resentatives. shall be given a reasonable opportunity to observe any monitoring required by this paragraph and shall have access to the records thereof. (g) Caution signs and labels. (1) Cau tion signs. U) Posting. Caution signs shall be provided and displayed at each location where airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers may be :r. excess of the exposure limits prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section. Signs shall be posted at such a distance from such a location so that an employee may read the signs and takt necessary protective steps be fore enterms the area marked by the signs. Signs shall be posted at all ap proaches to area; containing excessive concentrations of airborne asbestos fibers (11) Sign specificatirns. The warning tions of asbestos fibers are reasonably expected to exceed 100 times those limits. tiv) Establishment ot a respirator pro gram. ic> The employer shall establish a respirator program in accordance with the requirements of the American Na tional Standards Pracuces for Respira tory Protection, ANSI Z88.2-1969, which is incorporated by reference herein. b. See ! 1920.6 concerning the avail ability ci ANSI Z88.2-1969 and the main tenance of ar. historic file in connection therewith The address of the American cation of this section, every' employer shall cause every place of employment where asbestos fibers are released to be monitored in such a way as to determine whether every employee's exposure to asbestos fibers is below the limits pre scribed in paragraph (b) of this sec tion. If the limits are exceeded, the em ployer Shall immediately undertake a compliance program in accordance with paragraph (c) of this section. (2) Personal monitoring--<i) Sam ples shall be collected from within the signs required by subd.vision (i) of this subparagraph shall conform to the re quirements of 20" x H" vertical format signs specified in -5 I9l0.145<d) (4). and to this subdivision. The signs shall dis play the following legend m the lower panel, with letter sizes and styles of a visibility at least equal to that specified in this subdivision. Legend Notation Asbestos............. ................ "i" Sans Serif, Gothic or Block. National Standards Institute is giver, in oreathmg zone of the employees, on Dii Hazard.................. Ii" Sens Serif. lOiU.'.Cl 'ci No emplavee shall be assigned to tai.its rec _r.r.; the use of respirators if, based upon it.: most recent examination, an examminp physician determines that trie employee v.i.f be unable to function membrane filters of O.E micrometer po rosity mounted in ar. open-face filter hoiuer. Samples shall be taken for the dete'.'muvat'.cr. of the S-hour tiineweignted average airborne concentra tions ar.C of the ceiling concentrations of Avoid Breathing Dus:... Wear Assigned Protective Equipment Do No: Remain In Area Unless Your Wcrk Re Celtic Block. l;" Gothic V Gothic. *,,' Gothic or norma..y wearing.a respirator, or that asbestos fibers. quires it. I Sec. 1910,1001(51(111.1)! 11-16-7E Published by THE S -REAL' OF NATIONAL AFFAIRS, INC.. WAS HINCTON, D.C. 20037 189 003515 REFERENCE file Legend h'atstic-. Pr-.ii'-iar Dust 14 pcict C-c'-V.t. MM' Be KittArdous To Vftr Hi'RlId :. it'.r.q iietwecr. line., snai: be a: least ;; :c. the heigh: cl :r,e upper of ar.y ; lines. 2) Cculic.r, labels--f; Lcohir.y Ctu- tier, labels mail be affixed to all raw materials. mixtures, scrap, waste, ce^r-s, ar.c ether procucts containing ascer.tos niters. or to their containers, except that r.a label is required where assesses filers ha-,e teen modified by a aor.cir.g agent, coating, tmoer. or other material so that c-rung any seasonably foreseeable use, handling, storage, disposal, processing, or transportation, no airborne concentra tions of asbestos fibers in excess of the exposure limits prescribed m paragraph (b i of this section will be released. (ii) Label specifications. The caution labels required by subdivision (i) of this subparagraph shai! be printed in letters of sufficient size and contrast as to be readily visible and legible. The label shall state: Caution Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid Creating Dust Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Serious Bodily Barm (hi Housekeeping--(1) Cleaning. All external surfaces in any place of employ ment shall be maintained free of accu mulations of asbestos fibers if, with their dispersion, there would be an excessive concentration. (2) Waste disposal. Asbestos waste, scrap, debris, bags, containers, equip ment, and asbestos-contaminated cloth ing. consigned for disposal, which mayproduce in any reasonably foreseeable use, hat 'ling, storage, processing, dis posal. or transportation airborne concen trations of asbestos fibers in excess of Uk exposure limits prescribed in paragraph ... (b) of this section shall be collected and disposed of in sealed impermeable bags, or other closed, impermeable containers. (i) Recordkeeping--(11 Exposure rec ords. Every employer shall maintain rec ords of any personal or environmental monitoring required by this section- Rec ords shall be maintained for a period of , at least 20 years and shall be made available upon request to the Assistant Sec retary of Labor for Occupational Safety and Health, the Director of the National I istitute for Occupational Safety and Health, and to authorized representa tives of either. 11910.1001(0(11 amended at 41 FR 11505. March 19. 1976| ... (2) Employee access. Every employee and former employee shall have reason able access to any record required to be maintained by subparagraph il> of this paragraph, whlcn indicates the em ployee's own exposure to asbestos fibers (3> Employee notification. Any em ployee found to have been exposed at any time to amborne concentrations of asbes tos fibers in excess of the limits pre scribed in paragraph tb> of this section shall be notified in wntin; cf the expo sure as soon as practicaoie cut no: later than 5 days of the finctnE. The employee shall also ce timely northed cf t.-.e cor rective action being tejten. tJ> Medical cXJmmcions--<l) Gen eral. The employer snail provide or mace a.-aiiaole at his cos: medical exs.-sir.ilions relative to exposure to ascetics re quired by this paragraph. (2' Preplacement. The employer shc.ll provide or make available to each cf r.:t employees, within 30 calendar days fal lowing his first employment in an. occupation exposed to 'irborne con centrations of asbestos fibers, a compre hensive medicai examination, wr.tch t.-.t.l induce, as a minimum, a chest roent genogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 inches/, a history to elicit symptom atology of respiratory disease, ar.d pulmonary function tests to induct forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,..i. (3) Annual examinations. On or be fore January 31, 1973, and at least an nually thereafter, every employer shah provide, or make available, comprehen sive medical examinations to each of his employees engaged in occupations ex posed to airborne concentrations of as bestos fibers. Such annual examination shall include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (posterior-anterior 14 x 17 Inches), a history to elicit symptom atology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEVla). (4) Termination of employment. The employer shall provide, or make avail able. within 30 calendar days before or after the termination of employment cf any employee engaged in an occupation exposed to airborne concentrations of asbestos fibers, a comprehensive medical examination which shall include, as a minimum, a chest roentgenogram (pos terior-anterior 14 x 17 inches). a history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, and pulmonary function tests to include forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV,..). (5) Recent examinations. 'No medical examination is required of any em ployee, if adequate records show that. the employee has been examined in ac cordance with this paragraph within the past 1-year period. (6) Afedica! records--(1) Mainte nance. Employers of employees examined pursuant to this paragraph shall cause to be maintained complete and accurate records of a'l such medical examina tions. Records shall be retained by employers for at least 20 years. (ii) Access. The contents of the rec ords of the medical examinations required by this paragraph shall be made available, for inspection and copying. (Section 1910.93a added at 36 FR 23207. December 7, 1571, as emergency temporarv standard: issued as nermanehl standard at 37 FP. 11318. une 7. 1573 effective July 7, 1972 redesignated Section 1910 1001 at 40 FR 23073. May 28. 1575) 1910-1002 Coal tar pitch volatile; in terpretation of term. As used in Sec. 191 0.1000 (Tabic Z-l), co,,! tar pitch volatiles Ttclude the fused poly cyclic hydrocarbons which volatilize from the distillation resumes of coal, petroleum, wood, and ether organic mat ter. (57 FR 24749 Effective November 21. 1972| | 1910.1003 4-NiCrobiphenyl. (a) Scope and application. (1) This section applies to any area in which 4-Nitrobiphenyi. Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number 92933 .s manu factured, processed, repackaged, re leased, handled, or stored, but shall not apply to transshipment in sealed con tainers, except for the labeling require ments under paragraphs (e) (2), (3), and (4) of this section. (2) This section shall not apply to solid or liquid mixtures containing less than 0.1 percent by weight or volume of 4-Nitrobiphenyl. (b) Definitions. For the purposes of this section: (1) "Absolute filter" is one capable of retaining 99.97 percent of a mono disperse aerosol of 0.3 am particles. (2) "Authorized employee" means an employee whose duties require him to be in the regulated area and who has been specifically assigned by the employer. (3) "Clean change room" means a room where employees put on clean clothing and/or protective equipment in an environment free of 4-Nitrobiphenyl. The clean change room shall be con tiguous to and have an entry from a shower room, when the shower room facilities axe otherwise required in this section. (4) "Closed system" means an opera tion involving 4-Nitrobiphenyl where containment prevents the release of 4Nitrobtphenyl into regulated areas, nonreculated areas, or the external environ ment. (5) "Decontamination" means the in activation of 4-Nitrobiphenyl or its safe disposal. (6) "Director" means the Director, National ` Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, or any person di rected by him or the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare to act for the Director. (7) "Disposal" means the safe re moval of 4-Nitrobiphenyl from the work environment. to the Assistant Secretary of Labor for Oc cupational Safety and Health, the Director of NIOSH, to authorized physicians and medical consultants of either of them, and upon tee request o: an employee or former emDioyte to rus physician. Any physician who conducts a medical examination required by iris paragraph shall furnish to the employer of tee examined employee all the informa tier specifically reouired by this paragraph an; any oiner meoical information related :r oc cupational exposure to asbestos fibers. (8) "Emergency" means an unforseen circumstance or set of circumstances re sulting in the release of 4-Nltrobiphenyl which may result in exposure to or con tact with 4-Nitrobiphenyl. (9) `External environment" means any environment external to regulated and nonregulated areas. HO) "Isolated system" means a fully enclosed structure other than the vessel of containment of 4-Nitrobtphenyl, &,Occupational Safety Heolth Report*. (See. 1910.10021b) MCI) ISO 003516 VI. THE RECOMMENDED STANDARD Available studies provide conclusive evidence that exposure to asbestos fibers causes cancer and asbestosis in roan. Lung cancers and asbestosis have occurred following exposure to chrysotile, crocidolite, tmosite, and anthophyllite. Mesotheliomas,' lung and gastrointestinal cancers have been shown to be excessive in occupationally exposed persons, while mesotheliomas have developed also in individuals living in the neighborhood of asbestos factories and near crocidolite deposits, and in persons living with asbestos workers. Asbestosis has been identified among persons living near anthophyllite deposits. Likewise, all commercial forms of asbestos are carcinogenic in rats, producing lung carcinomas and mesotheliomas following their inhalation, and mesotheliomas after intrapleural or ip injection. Mesotheliomas and lung cancers were induced following even 1 day's exposure by inhalation. The size and shape of the fibers are important factors; fibers less than 0.5 /an in diameter are most active in producing tumors. Other fibers of a similar size, including glass fibers, can also produce mesotheliomas following intrapleural or ip injection. There are data that show that the lower the exposure, the lower the risk of developing cancer. Excessive cancer risks have been demonstrated at all fiber concentrations studied to date. Evaluation of all available human data provides no evidence for a threshold or for a "safe" level of asbestos exposure. CONFIDENTIAL 92 003517 It. vie..' of the above, the standard should be set at the lowest level petr ;:c'by available analytical techniques, an approach consistent with MC'SH' s r.ost recent recommendations for other carcinogens (ie, arsenic and vir.vl chlcrice). Such a standard should also prevent the development of asb <t * contrast microscopy is the only generally a no practical analytical technique at the present time, this level is defined as 100,000 fibers >5 inn in length/n-3 (0.1 fibers/cc), on ar. 8-hour-TWA basis with peak concentrations not exceeding 500,000 fibers >5 pm in ler.grh/u- (0.5 fibers/cc) based on a 15-minute sample period. Sampling and analytical techniques should be performed as specified by KIOSK publication USPKS/SICSH Membrane Filter Method for Evaluating Airborne Asbestos Fibers - T.?.. 84 (1976). This recommended standard of 100,000 fibers >5 pm in length/m^ is intended to (1) protect against the noncarcinogenic effects of asbestos, (2) materially reduce the risk of asbestos-induced cancer (only a ban can assure protection against carcinogenic effects of asbestos) and (3) be measured by techniques that are valid, reproducible, and available to industry and official agencies. Hcvever, some difficulties arise ir. that specific work practices and innovative engineering control or process changes are needed. But because c: the veil-documented human carcinogenicity from all forms of asbestos, tr.-Sr difficulties should not be cited as cause for permitting continued enputure to asbestos at concentrations above 100,000 fibers >5 pa in ler.r:-,/r. 3. CONFIDENTIAL 53 003518 This standard was not designed for the population-at-large, and any extrapolation beyond general occupational exposures is not warranted. The standard was designed only for the processing, manufacturing, and use of asbestos and asbestos-containing products as applicable under the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1570. 94 4 12'. 0466 FEDERAL REGULATIONS Suttmri E--National Emission Standard for Asbestos i, fi ii ^fpuratjm?'. included, provided a number of such op The deposition of asbestos tailings or as erations can be predicted to occur during bestos-containing waste on roadways a givers period of time based cn operating covered "nth snow or ice is considered experience. "surfacing." T: ci :i\;3 are ap- to) "Emergency renovation" means a <c) Manufacturing: There shall be no - ..cia.t ;r.cs sc'_:cet specified in renovation eperation that results from a visible emissions to the outside air, ex ; C *. ,-I sudden, unexpected event, and is not a cept as provided in paragraph tf) of this I 61.-1 Dchiuuons. planned renovation. Operations necessi sectn... from any of the following op tated by non-routsne failures of equip erations if they use commercial asbestos Ter-j 4:s; :r. this surpr.rt are defined ment are included. or from any building or structure in ;n tiic^act ,r. i - A ol if.ia pan, o* in (p) "Adequately wetted" means suf which such operations are conducted. ficiently mixed or coated with water or , *.' ".".r.ae.Mcs means ac'-inc*nte. amo- an aqueous solution to prevent dust (40 Tk 46292. October 14, 1975) s;te, ar.thc;.;.' cr.ryrotile. crocidohte, ;rc:r.c..ie <b* "Aiter.cr material" means as bestos or ar.y rr.atertai containing as- bestet to "Particuiate asbestos material" means finely divided particles of asbestos material. <di "Asbestos tailings" means any solid waste product of asbestos mining or miK.ng operations which contains as bestos. e> "Ouuide air" means the air out side buildings and structures. til "Visioie emissions" means any emissions wmeft are visually detectable without the aid of instruments and which contain particulate asbestos matenaL (g) "Asbestos mill" means any facility engaged m the conversion or any inter mediate step in the conversion of asbestos ore into commercial asbestos. Outside storage of asbestos materials is not con sidered a part of such facility. emissions, Hi The manufacture of cloth, core, (q) "Removing" means taking out wicks, tubing, tape, twir.e. rope, thread, friable asbestos materials used cn any yam. roving, lap, or other textile ma pipe. duct, boiler, tank, reactor, tur terials. bine, furnace, or structural member (2) The manufacture of cement prod from any building, structure, facility, ucts. or installation. (3) The manufacture of fireproofing (r) "Stripping" means taking off fri and insulating materials. able asbestos materials from any pipe, (4) The manufacture of friction duct, boiler, tank, reactor, turbine, fur products. nace, or structural member. tS) The manufacture of paper, mill- {Paragraph (q) and (r) revised by 43 FR 26373, June 19, 1978] board. and felt. (6) The manufacture of floor tile. f7) The manufacture of paints, coat (s) "Fabricating".means any process ings, caulks, adhesives, sealants. ing of a manufactured product contain (8) The manufacture of plastics and ing commercial asbestos, with the ex rubber materials. ception of processing at temporary sites (9) The manufacture of chlorine. for the construction or restoration of buildings, structures, facilities or instal lations. (t) "Inactive waste disposal site" means any disposal site or portion (10) The manufacture of shotgun shells. (ID The manufacture of asphalt con crete. thereof where additional asbestos-con (d) Demolition and renovation. The (hi "Commercial asbestos" means any taining waste material will not be depos requirements of this paragraph shall variety of asbestos which is produced by ited and where the surface is not dis apply to any owner or operator of a extracting asbestos from asbestos ore. turbed by vehicular traffic. demolition or renovation operation (i) "Manufacturing" means the com (u) "Active waste disposal site" means who intends to demolish any institu bining of commercial asbestos, or in the any disposal site other than an inactive tional. commercial, or industrial build case of woven friction products the com site. ing (including apartment buildings bining of textiles containing commercial (v) "Roadways" means surfaces on having more than four dwelling units), asbestes, with any other material Csj , in which motor vehicles travel including, structure, facility, installation, or por cluding commercial asbestos, and the but not limited to, highways, roads, tion thereof which contains any pipe, processing of this combination into a streets, parking areas, and driveways. duct, boiler, tank, reactor, turbine, fur product as specified in I 61."2(c). <w) "Asbestos-containing waste mate nace. or structural member that is cov <j) "Demolition" means the wrecking rial" means any waste which contains ered or coated with friable asbestos or taking out of any load-supporting commercial asbestos and is generated by materials, except as provided in para structural member and any related re a source sub} ct to the provisions of this graph (d)(1) of this section: or who in moving or stripping of friable asbestos materials. (k) "Friable asbestos material" means any material that contains more than-i percent asbestos by weight and that can be crumbled, pulverired. or reduced to powder, when dry. by band pressure. (11 "Control device asbestos waste*' means any asbestos-containing waste material that is collected in a pollution control device. (rr.) "Renovation" means the remov ing or stripping of friable asbestos ma terials used on any pipe, duct, boiler, tank, reactor, turbine, furnace, or structural memeer. Operations in which load-supporting structural members are wrecsed or taken out are excluded. subpart, including asbestos mill tailings, control device asbestos waste, friable as bestos waste material, and bags or con tainers that previously contained com mercial asbestos. (40 FR 48292, October 14, 19751 (x) "Structural member" means any load-supporting member, such as beams and load-supporting walls: or any non load-supporting member, such as ceilings and non-load-supporting walls. (42 FR 12127, March 2, 1977) 61.22 Emission standard. (a) Asbestos mills: There shall be no visible emissions o the outside air from any asbestos mill except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section. tends to renovate any institutional, commercial, or industrial building, structure, facility, installation, or por tion thereof where more than 80 meters (ca. 250 feet) of pipe covered or coated with friable asbestos materials are stripped or removed, or more than 15 square meters, (ca. 160 square feet) of friable asbestos materials used to cover or coat any duct, boiler. Lank, re actor, turbine, furnace, or structural member are stripped or removed. (1) (i) The otimer or operator of a demolition operation is exempted from the requirements of this paragraph: Provided, (A) The amount of friable asbestos materials In the building or portion thereof to be demolished is less than 80 meters (ca. 250 feet) used [Piraeraer. (m) rev-sad bv43 FR 26373, June 19. 197 S j [39 FR 1S936, May 3, 1974] on pipes, and less than 15 square meters (ca. 160 square feet) used on (r.) "Planned rer.c-vrticn" means a renovation operation, cr a number of suer, operations, ir. which the amount of lr-iable asbesto: material that will be rerr.c-ec. or sir.open within a giver, pe (b) Roadways: The surt'actnc of road ways with asbestos tailings or with as bestos-containing waste tint is generated by an' source' subject to par.icraphs frj. (d), (el or (hi. of thss section is any duct, boiler, tank, reactor, turbine, furnace, or structural member, and (B) the notification requirements of para graph (dKl)(i.) are met. (11) Written notification shall be riod oi time car. oe predicted. Operations prohibited, except for temporary road postmarked or delivered to the Admin that are individual:? r.cr.-scnedulec are ways on an area of asbestos ore deposits. istrator at least 20 days prior to com- Environment Reporter [Sc. 61.22(dlM)(ii)j s I HAZARDOUS EMISSIONS S-412 121:0467 mencemer.t of demolition and shall in amount of friable asbestos material to adequately wetted to ensure that such duce the information required by p.-.raqrttph (a..2! of this lection. with the e\cpp::or. of the information re quired oy paragraphs (d)(2) (ilii. Cvi). i\ ;i (Vi.;:, ano iiM) of this section, and shall state the measured or estimated amour.: o: fncble asbestos materials which is present. Techniques of esti mation snail be explained. [psrar:crr. id) .--vised by 43 FR 263*4. June 19. I'f'i. be rtmrved or stripped shall be the total amount of friable asbestos material that will be removed or stripped as a result of the sudden, unexpected event that necessitated the renovation. <<) The following procedures shall be used to prevent emissions of particulate asbestos material to c,-trine air: (i) Friable rooestos materials, used on any pioe. duct, boiler, tank, reactor, tu'-bine, furnace. or structural member, .shall be removed from any materials remain wet during all remain ing stages of demolition or renovation and related handling operations. Such materials shall not be dropped or thrown to tne ground or a lower floor. Such ma terials that have been removed or stripped more than 50 feet above ground level, except those materials re moved as units or in sections, shall be transported to the ground via dust-tight chutes or containr's. (vii Except as specified below, the wet (2: Written notice of intention to de tuiiding. structure, facility or installa ting requirements of this paragraph are molish or renovate shall be-provided to tion subi-ct to this paragraph. Such suspended when the temperature at the the Administrator by the owner or opera removal shall occur before wrecking or point of wetting is below O'C (32'F). tor of the demolition or renovation oper dismantling of any portion of such When friable asbestos materia's are not ation. Such notice shall be postmarked building, structure, facility, or installa wetted due to freezing temperatures, such or delivered to the Administrator at least tion that would break up the friable materials on pipes, ducts, boilers, tanks, 10 days prior to commencement of demo asbestos materials and before wreck reactors, turbines, furnaces, or structural lition. or as early as possible prior to ing or dismantling of any other por members shall, to the maximum extent commencement of emergency demolition subject to paragraph Cd) (6) of this sec tion. and as early as possible prior to commencement of renovation. Such no tice shall include the following informa tion: (i) Name of owner or operator. (ill Address of owner or operator. Oil) Description of the building, structure, facility, or installation to be demolished or renovated, including the size, age. and prior use of the structure, and the approximate amount of friable asbestos materials present. I Paragraph fin) revised by 43 FR 26374, June 19. 1978j (iv) Address or location of the build ing, structure, facility, or installation. iv) Scheduled starting and comple tion dates of demolition or renovation. (vi> Nature of planned demolition or renovation and method Is) to be em ployed. (vii) Procedures to be employed to meet the requirements of this paragraph and paragraph (j) of this section. (viiw The name and address or loca tion of the waste disposal site where the friable asbestos waste will be deposited. fix) Name, title, and authority of the State or local governmental representa tive who has ordered a demolition which is subject to paragraph (d) (6) oi this section. - (3) (i) For purposes of determining whether a planned renovating operation constitutes a renovation within the . meaning of this paragraph, the amount of friable asbestos material to be re moved or stripped shall be: (A)For planned renovating opera tions involving individually non-scheduled operations, the additive amount of friable asbestos material that can be pre dicted win be removed or stripped at a tion of such building, structure, facili ty, or installation, that would preclude access to such materials for subse quent removal. Removal of friable as bestos materials used on any pipe, duct, or structural member which -ire encased in concrete or other similar structural material is not required prior to demolition, but such materials shall be adequately wetted whenever exposed during demolition. - (ii) Friable asbestos materials used on pipes, ducts, boilers, tanks, reac tors. turbines, furnaces, or structural members shall be adequately wetted during stripping, except as provided in paragraphs (d)(4)(iv), (d)(4Kvi). or (dXvii) of this section. (Hi) Pipes, ducts, boilers, tanks, reac tors. turbines, furnaces, or structural members that are covered or coated with friable asbestos materials may be taken out of any building, structure, facility, or installation subject to this paragraph as units or in sections pro vided the friable asbestos materials ex posed during cutting or disjoining are adequately wetted during the cutting or disjoining operation. Such units shall not be dropped or thrown to the ground, but shall be carefully lowered to ground level. (iv) The stripping of friable asbestos materials used on any pipe, duct, boiler, tank, reactor, turbine, furnace, or structural member that has been removed as a unit or in sections as pro vided In paragraph (d)(4)(iii) of this section shall be performed in accord ance with paragraph (d)(4Kii) of this section. Rather than comply with the wetting requirement, a local exhaust ventilation and collection system may be used to prevent emissions to the outside air. Such local exhaust ventila possible, be removed as units or in sec tions prior to wrecking. In no case shall the requirements of paragraphs (d) (4) (iv) or <d) <4) (v) be suspended due to freezing temperatures. (vii) For renovation operations, local exhaust ventilation and collection sys tems may be used, instead of wetting as specified in paragraph (d) (4) (ii). to pre vent emissions of particulate asbestos m&terial to outside air when damage to equipment resulting from the wetting would be unavoidable. Upon request and supply of adequate information, the Ad ministrator will determine whether dam age to equipment resulting from wetting to comply with the provisions of this par agraph would be unavoidable. Such local exhaust ventilation systems shall be de signed and operated to capture the asbes tos particulate matter produced by the stripping and removal of friable asbestos material. There shall be no visible emis sions to the outside air from such local exhaust ventilation and collection sys tems, except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section. (5) Sources subject to this paragraph are exempt from the requirements of H 61.05(a). 61.07, and 61.09. (6> The demolition of a building.struc ture. facility, or installation, pursuant to an order of an authorized representative of a State or local governmental agency, issued because that building is structur ally unsound and in danger of imminent collapse is exempt from all but the fol lowing requirements of paragraph (d> of this section: (i) The notification requirements spec ified by paragraph (d> (2) of this section; (h ` The requirements on stripping of friable asbestos materials from previously removed units or sections as specified in paragraph (d)(4)(iv) of this section: (iii) The wetting, as specified by para source over the maximum period of time for winch a prediction can be made. The tion systems shall be designed and op erated to capture the asbestos particu graph (d)(4) (v) of this section, of fri able asbestos materials that have been period snail be not less than 30 days and late matter' produced by the stripping removed or stripped: not longer than one year. <Bi For each planned renovating op eravion no: covered by paragraph <d> (3) (i>f Ai, tne total amount of friable as of friable asbestos materials. There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air from such local exhaust ventilation and collection systems (iv) The portion of the structure being demolished that contains friable asbes tos materials shall be adequately wetted during the wrecking operation. bestos maternal that can be predicted except as provided in paragraph (f) of 139 FR 15936. Mjy 3. 1974; 40 FR 48292. wili be removed or stripped at a source. this section. Oc'.ooer 14. I97$t `i:1 Fsr purposes of determining whether ar. emergency renovating op eration cans:-.-.tiles a renovation within the meaning of this p ragraph. the (4fj)-(iv) revised by 43 FR 26374. J,jne 19, 19 7 S (e) Spraying. There shall be no visi ble emissions to the outside air from tv) All friable asbestos materials that have beer, removed or stripped shall be the spray-on application of materials containing more than 1 percent asbes- S-ie-78 (See. 61.22(e) J Published b> TI1L CL REAL' Of NATIONAL AFFAIRS. INC., V> ASlllN'GTON. DC. 20037 59 003521 121.0468 federal regulations tc.s. or. a dry weight basis, used on bulkheads, partitions and ceilings for (ii) Proccssins of asbestos-containing equipment and machinery, except as marine construction; and flow control waste material into non-friable forms: pro1. :o-.'d in paragraph (t) of this sec devices for the molten metal industry. (A) All asbestos-containing waste tion Materials sprayed on buildings, (ii Insulating: Molded insulating ma materia! shall be formed `.r.to non-friable structures, structural members, pipes, terials which are friable and wet-applied pellets or other shapes and deposited at and conduits shall contain less than 1 insulating materials which are friable waste disposal sites which are operated percent asbestos on a dry weight basis. after drying, installed after the effective in accordance with the provisions of date of these regulations, shall contain 61.25. iPotacrabh (e) revised tv 43 FR 20374,June no commercial asbestos. The provisions (3) There shall be no visible emis 19,19'$) of this paragraph do not apply to insu sions to the outside air from the collec <li Sources subject to this T~-ra graph are exempt from the requirements of 1 61 05(a>, 5 i 07. ar.c 1 G1.09, (2) Any owner or operator who in tends to spray asbestos material which contain more than 1 percent as lating materials which arc spiu> applied; such materials are regulated under 5 61.22(e). (j) Waste disposal for manufacturing, fabricating, demolition, renovation and spraying operations: The owner or op erator of any source covered under the tion and processing of asbestos- containing waste material, except as specified in paragraph (f) of this section. (4) For the purposes of this para graph (j), the term all asbestos-con taining waste material as applied t,, demolition and renovation operations bestos on a cry weight basis on equip provisions of paragraphs (c>. Cd). <e), covered by paragraph (d) of this sec ment and machinery shall report such or (h) of this section shall meet the fol tion includes only friable asbestos waste intention to the Administrator at least lowing standards: and control device asbestos waste. 20 days prior to the commencement of (1) There shall be no visible emissions (k) Waste disposal for asbestos mills: the spraying operation. Such report to the outside air, except as provided in The owner or operator of any source shall include the following informa paragraph U>(3) of this section, dur covered under tbe provisions of para tion; ing the collection; processing, including graph (a) of this section shall meet the (i) Name of owner or operator. (ii) Address of owner or operator. (iii) Location of spraying operation. incineration; packaging; transporting; or deposition of any asbestos-containing waste material which is generated by such source. following standard: (l) There shall be no visible emis sions to the outside air, except as pro vided in paragraph (k) (3) of this section, Civ) Procedures to be followed to meet (2) All asbestos-containing waste ma during the collection, processing, pack the requirements of this paragraph. terial shah be deposited at waste dis aging. transporting or deposition of (3) The spray-on application of ma posal sites which are operated in accord any asbestos-containing waste mate terials in which the asbestos fibers are encapsulated with a bituminous or re sinous binder during spraying and which are not friable after drying is exempted from the requirements of paragraphs (e) and (e)(2) of this sec tion. [Paragraphs (2) and (3) revised by -43 FR 26374. June 19. 1978] ance with the provisions of I 61.25. (3) Rather than meet the requirement of paragraph (J) (I) of this section, an owner or operator may elect to use either of the disposal methods specified under (J)(3)Ci> and (ii) of this section, or an alternative disposal method which has received prior approval by the Ad ministrator: U> Treatment of asbestos-containing rial which is generated by such source. (2) All asbestos-containing waste ma terial shall be deposited at waste disposal sites which are operated in ac cordance with the provisions of } 61J25. (3) Rather than meet the requirement of paragraph (k)(l) of this section, an owner or operator may elect to meet the following requirements in para graphs Ik) (3) (i> and (ii). or use an cf) Rather than meet the no-visibleemission requirements as specified by paragraphs (a). (c>, Cd). (e). (h), (j). and (k) of this section, an owner or op erator may elect to use the methods spec ified by I 61.23 to clean emissions con taining particulate asbestos material be fore such emissions escape to, or are vented to. die outside air. (g) Where the presence of'uncombined water is the sole reason for failure to meet the no-visible-emission require ment of paragraphs (a), (c>, (d). (e), <h'. (j). or (k) of this section, such fail ure shall not be a violation of such emis sion requirements. (h) Fabricating: There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air, ex cept as provided in paragraph (f) of this section, from any of the following op erations if they use commercial asbestos or from any building or structure in which such operations are conducted. (1) The fabrication of cement building products. (2) The fabrication of friction prod ucts. except those operations that pri marily ir.staii asbestos friction materials on motor vehicles. (3) The fabrication of cement or sili cate board for ventilation hoods: ovens; electrical panels: laboratory furniture; waste material with water: (A) Control device asbestos waste shall be thoroughly mixed with water into a slurry and other asbestos-containing waste material shall be adequately wetted. There shall be no visible emis sions to the outside air from the collec tion, mixing and wetting operations, ex cept as provided in paragraph if) of this section. (B) After wetting, all asbestos-con taining waste material shall be sealed into leak-tight containers while wet, and such containers shall be deposited at waste disposal sites which are operated in accordance with the provisions of {61.25. (C) The containers specified under paragraph (j)(3)(i)(B) of this section shall be labeled with a warning label that states: Caution Contains Asbestos Avoid Opening or Breaking Cor.-amcr Breathing Asbestos Is Hazardous to Tour Health Alternatively, warning labels specified by Occupational Safety and Health Standards of the Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Admin istration (OSHA) under 29 CFR 1910.93aig) (2) lii) may v e used. alternative disposal method which has received prior approval by the Admin istrator: (i) There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air from the transfer of control device asbestos waste to the tailings conveyor, except as provided in paragraph (f) of this section. Such waste shall be subsequently processed either as specified in paragraph (k)(3)(ii) of this section or as specified in paragraph (j)(3) of this section. (ii) All asbestos-containing waste material shall be adequately mixed, with a wetting agent recommended by the manufacturer of the agent to effectively wet dust and tailings, prior to deposition at a waste disposal site. Such agent shall be used as recommended for the partic ular dust by the manufacturer of tbe agent. There shall be no discharge of visible emissions to the outside air from the wetting operation except as specified in paragraph (f) of this section. Wetting may be suspended when the ambient temperature at the waste disposal site is less than -9.5'C <ca. 15*F). The ambient air temperature shall be determined by an appropriate measurement method with an accuracy of 1*C (m2'F) and recorded at least at hourly intervals dur ing the period that the operation of the wetting system is surpended. Records of Env.fonmem Reporter (Sec. 6i.22(j)t3)J 60 003522 HAZARDOUS EMISSIONS S-412 121:0469 sucn temperature measurements shall be (1) The asbestos-containing waste only for so long as it tai.es to shut down re I,'.;:: eel at the scurcc is: a mirurr.um cf material rhall be covered with at least the operation generating the paniculate v.c ; earr ar.q maus ataiiatie lor snspec- 15 centimeters (ca. 6 inches) of com asbestos matenai. l c;t ay t::e Aaimniitratcr. pacted non-asbestcs-containing mate I The owner oi ar.y inactive waste rial, and a cover of vegetation shall be 61.24 Reporting. c::posai site, wh.ch was operated by grown and maintained on the area ade The owner or operator of any existing sources covered v.r.der 1 C1.22 (a), ic> or quate to prevent exposure of the asbes source to which this subpart is applicable I-.' and -.here zsbestcs-cor.timing waste tos-containing waste material: or shall, within 90 days alter the effective material prcauceci by such sources was (iii The asbestos-contammg waste date, provide the following information cvpcsited. shall meet the following matenai snail be covered with at least CO to the administrator: stcr.carcs: centimeters <ca. 2 feet) of compacted (a) A description of the emission con 11 There shr 1: ae no visible emissions non-asbestos-ccntaining material and trol equipment used for each pa ess; to the cuts.cie a:r irerr. an inactive waste maintained to prevent exposure of the (b> If a fabric filter device is used to c.ipesai sue subject to this paragraph, asbestos-containing waste: or control emissions, the pressure drop except as provicec :n paragraph <1)<5) of tlv.s section. (2! Warning signs shall be displayed at ail entrances, and along the property line of the site or along the perimeter of the sections of the site where asbestoscontaining waste material was deposited, at intervals of 100 m (ca. 330 ft) or less, except as specified in paragraph (1) (4) of this section. Signs shall be posted in such a manner and location that a person may easily read the legend. The warning signs required by this paragraph shall (iiu For inactive waste disposal sites for asbestos taiimgs. a resinous or petro leum-based dust suppression agent which effectively binds dust and controls wind erosion shall be applied. Such agent shall be used as recommended for the partic ular asbestos tailings by the dust sup pression agent manufacturer. Other equally effective dust suppression agents may be used upon prior approval by the Administrator. For purposes of this para graph. waste crankcase oil is net con sidered a dust suppression agent. across the fasr.c filter in inches water gape tii If the fabric filter device utilizes a woven fabric, the airflow permeability in ft'/mm/ft': and. if the fabric is syn thetic, indicate whether the fill yam is spun or not spun. (2) If the fabric filter device utilizes a felted fabric, the density in oz/yd*, the minimum thickness in inches, and the airflow permeability in ft'/mln/ft*. (c) For sources subject to 5 61.22(j) and 61.22 (k): conform to the requirements of 20" x 14" [40 FR 48292, October 14, 1975 J (1) A brief description of each process uptight format signs specified in 29 CFR that generates asbestos-containing waste 1910.145(d) (4) and this paragraph. The signs shall display the following legend in the lower panel, with letter sizes and styles of a visibility at least equal to those specified in this paragraph. 6 61.23 Air-cleaning. If air-cleaning is elected, as permitted by-ii 61.22(f) and 61.22(d) (4) (iv), the requirements of this section must be met. [40 FR 48291 October 14, 19751 material. .(2) The average weight of asbestoscontaining waste material disposed of, measured in kg/day. (3) The emission control methods LXCEKS (a) Fabric filter collection devices used in all stages of waste disposal. Asbestos Waste Disposal Site milst be used, except as noted in para (4) The type of disposal site or incin Do Kot Crate Dust graphs .(b) and (c) of this section. Such eration site used for ultimate disposal, devices must be operated at a pressure the name of the site operator, and the Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous drop of no more than 4 inches water gage, name and location of the dispos'Vsite. to Your Health as measured, across the filter fabric. The (d) For sources subject to l < 122(1): Notation airflow permeability, as determined by (1) A brief description of the site. 1 " Sens Serif. Gothic or Block %' Sana Serif, Gothic or Block ASpi method D737-69, must not exceed 30 ftymin/ft* for woven fabrics or 35 ftymin/ft3 for felted fabrics, except that (2) The method or methods used to comply with the standard, or alternative 14 Point Gothic 40 ftVmin/ft1 for woven and 45 ft*/ procedures to be used. Spacing between lines shall be at least equal to the height of the upper of the two lines. (3) The perimeter of the site shall be fenced in a manner adequate to deter access by the general public, except as specified in paragraph (1) (4) of this section. (4) Warning signs and fencing are not required where the requirements of paragraphs (1) (5) (i) or (ii) of this sec tion arc met, or where a natural barrier adequately deters access by the general public. Upon request and supply of ap propriate information, the Adminis trator will determine whether a fence or a natural barrier adequately deters ac cess to the general public. (5) Rather than meet the requirement of paragraph (1X1) of this section, an owner may elect to meet the require ments of this paragraph or may use an alternative control method for emissions min/ft* for felted fabrics is allowed for filtering air from asbestos ore dryers. Each square yard 6f felted fabric must weigh at least 14 ources and be at least one-sixteerth inch thick throughout. Synthetic fabrics must not contain fill yam other than that which Is spun. (b) If the use of fabric filters creates a fire or explosion hazard, the adminis trator may authorize the use of wet col lectors designed to operate with a unit contacting energy of at least 40 inches water gage pressure. (c) The administrator may authorize the use of filtering equipment other than that described in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section if the owner or operator demonstrates to the satisfaction of the administrator that the filtering of par ticulate asbestos material is equivalent to that of the described equipment. (d) All air-cleaning equipment au thorized by this section must be properly (e) Such information shall accom pany the information required by } 61.10. The information described in this section shall be reported using the format of Appendix A of this part. [40 l-'R 48292. October 14. 1975; 61.23 \Tastc disposal sites. In order to be an acceptable site for disposal .of asbestos-containing waste matenai. under $6122 (j) and (k), an active waste disposal site shall meet the requirements of this section. (a) There shall be no visible emissions to the outside air from any active waste disposal site where asbestos-containing waste material has been deposited, except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section. (b) Warning signs shall be displayed at all entrances, and along the property line of the site or along the perimeter of the sec Liens of the site where asbestoscontaining waste matfcrial is deposited, from inactive waste disposal sites which installed, used, operated, and maintained. at intervals of 100 m (ca. 33p ft) or less has received pner approval by the Bypass devices may be used only during except as specified in paragraph (d) or Administrator. upset or erne, .v.cy conditions and then tins section. Signs shall be posted in such 8-18-78 [Se. 61.251b) I Published b> TIH. lit'ld. it O!' N-MiON-U. Ail'MRS. ISC.. WASHINGTON. DC. 20: 61 991523 1 21 -.0470 FEDERAL REGULATIONS a rr.nr. r.er and location :at a person ."nay eat:!" rcac the leger.a . The v.-arninp required by th:s parapraph shall corner ;r. .1 ;e the rceu;rerr.` .'orrv.r.t siu*r..e rue- r,...:'t.ti ci WA 11kP;C2"9XC1F4F". i9io :45id '4 ar.d this paras:rnph. The Signs :zr.zil c:r.^l2y t.;e ,?o:*.e\v; r.s legend in the Jcv.er panel, with letter sizes end styles of a vuiciiity c: least equel those specified zn th:s paragraph. ixcexs agent manufacturer. Other equally ef fective dust suppression agents may be used upon prior approval by the Admin istrate-. Tor purposes of this paragraph, waste crankcase oil is not consiacres a dust suppression agent. [40 FR 4S292, October 14, 1975; (Sec. 114 of the Clean An Act as amended (42 U.S.C. 7414)) Subpart C--National Emission Standard for Beryllium Aseestcs Waite Disposal Site 61.30 Applicability. Do No: Create Dost The provisions of this subpart are ap E.-cativ.nr Asbestos plicable to the following stationary is Kacarcous to Your Health sources: Notation (a) Extraction plans, ceramic plants, 1" Sans Serif. Gothic or Block 5,i" Sans Serif, Gothic or Block : Point Gothic Spacing between lines shall be at least equal to the height of the upper of the two lines. (c> The perimeter of the disposal site shall be fenced in order to adequately foundries, incinerators, and propellant plants which process beryllium ore, beryl lium. beryllium oxide, beryllium alloys, or beryllium-containing waste. (b) Machine shops which process beryllium, beryllium oxides, or any alloy when such alloy contains more than 5 percent beryllium by weight. deter access to the general public except as specified in paragraph (d) of this section. (d) Warning signs and fencing are not required where the requirements of paragraph (e)(1) of this section arc met, or whore a natural barrier ade quately deters access to the general public. Upon request and supply of ap propriate information, the Administra tor will determine whether a fence or a natural barrier adequately deters access to the general public. 61.31 Definition*. Terms used in this subpart are de fined in the act. in subpart A of this part, or in this section as follows: (a) "Beryllium" means the element beryllium. Where weights or concentra tions are specified, such weights or con centrations apply to beryllium only, excluding the weight or concentration of any associated elements. (b) "Extraction plant" means a fa cility chemically processing beryllium ore to beryllium metal, alloy, or oxide, (e) Rather than meet the require ment of paragraph (a) of this section, an owner or operator may elect to meet tile requirements of paragraph (e) (11 or (e) (2) of this section, or may use an al ternative control method lor emissions from active waste disposal sites which has received prior approval by the or performing any of the'intermediate steps in these processes. (c) "Beryllium ore" means any natu rally occurring material rained or gathered for its beryllium content. (d) "Machine shop" means a facility performing cutting, grinding, turning, honing, mining, deburring. lapping, Administrator. electrochemical machining, etching, or (1) At the end of each operating day, other similar operations. or at least once every 24-hour period (e) "Ceramic plant" means a manu while the site is in continuous operation, facturing plant producing ceramic items. the asbestos-containing waste material (f) "Foundry" means a facility en which was deposited at the site during gaged in the melting or casting of the operating day or previous 24-hour beryllium metal or alloy. period shall be covered with at least 15 centimeters (ca. 6 inches) of compacted non-asbestos-containing material. (g) "Beryllium-containing waste" means material contaminated with beryllium and/or beryllium compounds (2) At the end of each operating day, used or generated during any process or or at least once every 24-hour period operation performed by a source subject while the disposal site is in continuous to this subpart. operation, the asbestos-containing waste (h) "Incinerator" means any furnace material which was deposited at the site used in the process of burning waste for during the operating day or previous 24- the primary purpose of reducing the hour period shall be covered with a res volume of the waste by removing com inous or petroleum-based dust suppres-. bustible matter. sion agent which effectively binds dust (i) "Propellant" means a fuel and oxi and controls wind erosion. Such agent dizer physically or chemically combined shall be used as recommended for the which undergoes combustion to provide particular dust by the dust suppressor! rocket propulsion. (j) "Beryllium alley" means any metal to which beryllium has been added in order to Increase its beryllium content and which contains more than 0.1 per cent beryllium by weight. (k) "Propellant plant" means any facility engaged m the mixing, casting, or machining of propellant. 61.32 Emission standard. (a) Emissions to the atmosphere from stationary sources subject to the provi sions of this subpart shall not exceed 10 grams of beryllium over a 24-hour period, except as provided'in paragraph <bi of this section. (b) Rather than meet the require ment of paragraph (a) of this section, an owner or operator may request ap proval from the Administrator to meet an ambient concentration limit on beryl lium in the vicinity of the stationary source of 0.01 ig/m1, averaged over a 30-day period. (1) Approval of such requests may be granted by the Administrator provided that: <i) At least 3 yean of data Is avail able which in the judgment of the Ad ministrator demonstrates that the fu ture ambient concentrations of beryllium in the vicinity of the stationary source will not exceed 0.01 <ig/m\ averaged over a 30-day period. Such 3-year period shall be the 3 years ending 30 days before the effective date of this standard. Ui> The owner or operator requests such approval in writing within 30 days after the effective date of this standard. Oil) The owner or operator submits a report to the Administrator within 45 days after the effective date of this standard which report includes the fol lowing information: (a) Description of sampling method Including the method and frequency' of calibration. (b) Method of sample analysis. (c) Averaging technique for determin ing 30-day average concentrations. (d) Number, identity, and location (address, coordinates, or distance and heading from plant) of sampling sites. <e) Ground elevations and height above ground of sampling inlets. (/) Plant and sampling area plots showing emission pomts and sampling sites. Topographic features significantly affecting dispersion including plant building heights and locations shall be included. (?) Information necessary for esti mating dispersion including stock height, inside diameter, exit gas temperature, exit velocity or flow rate, and beryllium concentration. <h) A description of data and proce dures (methods or models) used to de- E n v i ronment Reporter l Sec. 61.32(h)) 2 003524 APPENDIX G CONTROL PROCEDURES FOR INSULATION REMOVAL AND REPAIR CONFIDENTIAL 003 CONTROL PROCEDURES' FOR ASBESTOS OPERATIONS AT PEARL HARBOR NAVAL SHIPYARD The following are the current procedures used for: (1) major asbestos removal operation; (2) minor asbestos ripout; and (3) fixed asbestos operations. 1. MAJOR ASBESTOS REMOVAL OPERATION Preparation and Preplanning a. A meeting is scheduled with the Ship's Commanding Officer and his staff, as far in advance as possible, to review requirements and procedures. b. On surface craft, when possible, an access hole is cut in the hull of the ship. A platform is set up outside of the access hole so that the asbestos filtering unit can be placed as close as possible to the compartment being ripped out. Suction ducts are run from the filter unit through the access hole to the rip-out area. If no access hole is cut, the suction ducts must run from the main deck through the levels to the work space. c. All compartment openings, including ventilation ducts are sealed to provide a slight negative pres sure in the compartment and prevent contamination of other parts of the ship. d. A double containment change room made of heavy can vas is set up at the entrance to the compartment. e. The compartment adjacent to the change room (en trance to the rip-out area) is designated for staging all the clean personal protective material and equipment. It is also used for suiting up prior to going into the rip-out area. f. The worksite is draped with large drop cloths to prevent any loose asbestos from falling into the bilges. g. All the necessary equipment that will be needed during the rip-out, such as vacuum cleaners, water hoses, air line Jiose and filter pots, red poly bags and additional lengths of exhaust hose, is moved into the compartment; Air sampling pumps are set up in the double compartment in the change room to monitor for possible air contamination. This is done in all areas where dust leakage might occur. During the rip-out, air samples are taken within the isolated compartment to be documented and used as a baseline for this type of operation. CONFIDENTIAL -i- 003^26 h. The filter unit is tested for correct operation, the exhaust air is checked and the compartment negative pressure verified. personnel personnel up before following Protective Equipment. Workers and inspection entering the rip-out area are properly suited entering. Suiting up is accomplished in the manner: a. First, a pair of disposable coveralls is put on. b. Surgical gloves are put on and the wrists of the coveralls are taped to gloves. c. A pair of rubber boots are put on and the coveralls tucked into them. d. A second pair of coveralls is put on up to and tem porarily secured at the waist. The pantlegs of this pair are taped to the outside of the rubber boots. e. A head cover is pulled on and the individual finishes putting on the second pair of coveralls over the top of the apron on the head cover. f. A full face air line respirator (type C) is then put on. g. A pair of long-sleeve cotton gloves is the last item to be put on. NOTE: Before a worker enters the rip-out area a guard assigned at the control point logs in the worker's name, badge number, position, title and reason for entering. He is additionally assigned the task of inspecting each person who enters the containment for proper suiting. Rip-out Operations. During this operation, the workers function as a team. The team consists of a cutter and a spray man using the following procedures. a. Cut the lagging using a knife or rotary shears. b. During the cutting operation a fine water spray mist is directed to the cutting area to minimize asbestos dust. c. A vacuum suction is placed in the cutting area to suck up asbestos fibers to minimize potential airborne ex posure . d. As the lagging is cut and removed, it is placed in red bags for disposal as asbestos waste. -2- CONFIDENTIAL 003527 e. The debris in the bags is watered down and the bags are closed off to be placed in the asbestos waste dumpster dockside. Cleanup Operation. After all rip-out has been completed, the compartment is policed and all pieces of insulation that had fallen to the deck/drop cloths is picked up and placed in the red poly bags. Vacuum cleaners are used to clean up all dust particles. The drop cloths are carefully folded/rolled up and put in red poly bags, and placed in the asbestos dumpster as asbestos waste. The compartment is then washed down from toj> to bottom to make sure that all the asbestos fibers have been removed. When the wash down is completed, the bilges are "wheelerized" (pumped out) and all debris picked up. Certification. After clean-up operation has been com pleted, air sampling pumps are set up in the compartment by the industrial Hygienist. These pumps are run for eight hours with the ship's air supply ventilation on. When the samples show "0" to ".4" fibers per cubic centimeter, a detailed inspection of the compartment by a member of the Safety Office and a senior-line manager from the Quality Assurance Office is conducted to ensure that the compart ment is clean before it is turned over to the Production Department for regular overhaul work. Exiting. An asbestos worker exiting the rip-out area will enter the first containment where he removes his first pair of coveralls sr.d cotton gloves. He then enters the second containment where he vacuum cleans his entire body, con centrating on the air fed respirator and head cover. He then vacuum cleans his rubber boots. After vacuuming his entire body, he removes his air fed respirator, head cover and coveralls which he uses to wipe clean his rubber boots before removing them. He then removes his surgical gloves and exits the containment and logs out. He takes his air fed respirator to the change room where he cleans it with alcohol and a clean rag before storing until he's ready to enter the compartment again. After his work shift, he places his type "C" respirator in a red poly bag and seals it before turning it in to the tool room for sterilization. The rubber boots are also turned in for sterilization/ wa shing. 2. MINOR ASBESTOS RIP-OUT For minor asbestos rip-outs, i.e., removal of asbestos insulation on a pipe for valve or flange repair, the fol lowing procedures apply: Site Preparation a. Set up drop cloth or containment to prevent dust from spreading to adjacent areas. CONFIDENTIAL -3- 001528 b. Set up barrier ropes around the rip-out site - at least 15 feet from the rip-out point. c. The following are placed in the containments: Industrial portable vacuu cleaner approved for asbestos u^e, water spray can/bottle, and red poly bag. d. Post asbestos warning signs around the periae ter at the entrances to the rip-out area. c. Secure ship's ventilation or other air generating equipment in the vicinity. Personnel Protective Equipment. The following personnel protective equipment is to be properly worn by the as bestos worker: disposable coveralls, head cover, foot covers, approved respiratory equipment and surgical and cotton gloves. Removal Operations. Before starting a rip-out, the supervisor roust certify the rip-out area ready for work and authorizes removal by completing the Check-off List for Asbestos Removal (Rip-out) form. The supervisor will inform the ship and the Safety Office that rip-out is in progress. A Safety Specialist will spot check the ripout -operation for compliance. After the insulation is removed, the cut ends on the pipe are sealed. All as bestos debris is removed and the are- vacuumed. Personal protective equipment will be disposed of as asbestos waste. The supervisor will then check the area for clean liness and if clean, the barrier ropes and signs.will be removed. FIXED ASTESTOS OPERATIONS Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard has also implemented control procedures for fixed asbestos operations, such as gasket cutting, packing, etc. Personnel Protective Equipment. Personnel protective equipmen t includes: NIOSH-approved single-use disposable respirator (3M8710), disposable coveralls taped at the wrists, disposable head cover, surgical and cotton glcves, asbestos vacuum cleaner, non-pneumatic tools, and water spray bottle. * Work Methods (within an asbestos controlled' room) a. Worker suits up outside of the containment and signs the asbestos log sheet prior to entry. b. The local exhaust is placed as close as possible to the cutting operation. -4- 00352.9 c Asbestos material is wet-down before cutting. d. The area is thoroughly vacuumed after each opera tion. e. The worker exits to the change room, vacuums his pro tective clothing and then removes it while still wearing the dust respirator. The respirator is re moved just before exiting. Worker signs the asbestos log sheet upon exiting the worksite. f. All waste asbestos materials and contaminated per sonnel protective clothing is packaged in red as bestos poly bags which are secured with tape and placed in dumpster reserved for asbestos waste. g. All asbestos material and finished products are con tained in plastic bags which are labeled with as bestos caution tags. Work Methods (outside of an asbestos controlled room). Procedures for working (installation or removal) with fixed asbestos materials outside of an asbestos con trolled room are as follows: a. Installation of fixed asbestos. The worker must wear cotton gloves over surgical gloves and a dis posable dust respirator (3M-8710). The worksite must be thoroughly vacuumed after completion of the operation. All contaminated personnel protective equipment and debris must be placed in red poly bags which are then sealed and placed in asbestos dump sters. b. Removal of fixed asbestos. Th .* worker must wear disposable coveralls, head covering, cotton gloves over surgical gloves, and a disposable respirator (3M-8710). The coveralls must be secured at the wrists and ankles with tape. Upon completion of the operation, the Immediate and adjacent areas must be vacuumed. All contaminated personnel protective equipment and debris must be placed in red poly bags which are then sealed and placed in asbestos dump sters. -5- 003570 APPENDIX H CRITERIA USED FOR SAMPLING CONFIDENTIAL 00-3531 CRITERIA USED FOR SAMPLING DURING STUDY CF TELEPHONE CABLE INSTALLERS' EXPOSURES TO ASBESTOS 1. Short-terr. area sanples were collected before and during simulated cable placing operations. Samples were col lected in and adjacent the work zones. 2. Breathing zone sampling of the workers was conducted during cable installation and cleanup. CONFIDENTIAl 003532