Document ppdQX5Krwkqn1xq7pE7LN1EdD

Published by the Rational Safety Council PROPER CLOTHING AND EXERCISE FOR BETTER HEALTH Pat. Pending REAL PROGRESS IN EYE PROTECTION GUARDWELL THE COMFORTABLE GOGGLE - THAT MEN WILL WEAR Keystone Lenses are hard to break anytime, anywhere, in any trame. In the Guardwell frame backed up by Comfort Cushions they are stronger than ever. That is because the springy sponge rubber absorbs the shock of blows received on the lenses. We'll gladly agree to replace any Guardwell, as pictured above, that breaks in service. We have tried to break them. So we know what we are talking about. Standard Safety Equipment Co. 410 North Michigan Ave., Chicago 1060 Broad St., Newark, N. J. January, 1930 WIDER VISION without lens distortion 1 ' / J / * * A ru(d paper photographed thru a Willson Super-tough lens This lens produces no eye fatigue or headache. Can be worn continuously without re moving for rest periods. Same setup os above except photographed thru a safety lens not of Willson manufacture . This fens, if worn continuously will cause eye strain and heodache. By producing a fatigue period, men persist in removing them for rest periods. That's when most eye accidents happen. WILLSON CHIPPER'S MODEL Uso wtth 2"lenses (50 millimeters) -6- Eye safety is largely a matter of providing comfortable goggles to your men .... goggles that do not cause eye strain and headaches because of distortive lenses .... with frames flexible enough to per mit individual fitting .... and properly padded to soften the contact against the face, as well as to help absorb the shock of severe blows. > All of these features are found in the Willson Uso (above). In addi tion, there is the patented safety flange which tends to hold the glass in the frame if struck sufficiently hard to break .... the anatomical shape of the cups which assures excellent fit... . flash-proof sweatpTOof padding. All of these Willson features, combined with an easy parts replacement, make LJ50 a highly desirable goggle. Price: $1.80 per pair #ach In mta! case, price f.o.b. The entire time and energies of our whole organization are devoted to head and eye protection exclusively. As specialists in this line we shall gladly consult with you on your safety problems. WILLSON PRODUCTS, INC. READING, PENNSYLVANIA. U. S. A. The .NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS is published monthly by the National Safety Council, 108 East Ohio Street, Chicago, III, Yearly subscription Price, $4,-JO, Volume XXI, Number l. Entered as second-class matter June \. 1921, at the postotfice at Chicago, 111., under the act of March 3, 1879. 4 XATinXJl. S.IPF.TY XF.It'S PICTURES PAYE THE WAY TO SAFETY V OU'VE read books---you've seen the characters in stories -* brought to life on the screen. Which do you remember most vividly? The pictures, of course. This only goes to prove a physical fact--that when the eye visualizes an object it is registered more quickly and stays in the mind for a longer time. Safety is a subject that must be portrayed accurately. There is no method of doing this so effectively as by pictures. The still film projector, or stereopticon, has proved itself to be one of the outstanding factors in safety education. Surveys show that it has been of material assistance in lessening accidents. An extensive and authentic library of 1500 film subjects is a part of the National Safety Council's service to its members. These are obtainable for use with the S. V. E. stereopticon. Send the coupon for information regarding our service. wSOCIETY FOR VISUAL EINDCU. CATION? MANUFACTURERS, PRODUCERS AND DISTRIBUTORS OF VISUAL AIDS 327 South La Salle St., Dept. F. Chicago, 111. t SOCIETY FOR VISUAL EDUCATION, Inc. t Dept. F. 327 S. LaSetlle St., Chicago. i I'm interested m knowing whether vour S.V.E. Stereopticon and Film Service can really J help me m my satety work. Send all details. f Name ; Address i L jmpany ........................... .............. ........... ........... .......... ......... .. ..... ........................... ...... ........................... .................... ................ ........ ................. ........ ...... ...... ............... When writing advertisers, pieasc mention XAT10X.4 L SAFETY X Ell'S January, SAFE! BTMD SERVICE For Complete `Protection Davis First Aid Kits Full size view of unit carton in which Davis First Aid material is packed. Some are in units of twice or three times this unit size. Note instructions for apply ing First Aid treatment in word and pic tures on carton. Showing how Davis First Aid Units fit into cabinet--like books on a shelf-- everything visible and instantly acces sible for action. Keep Your Kit Complete by Having a Reserve Supply of Refills. Complete line of Safety Equipment, In i itiators, Linemen's Safety, Hard Boiled Hats, Surgical Dressings, or any of the I numerous appliances that make for Industrial Safety. BULLARD-DAVIS INCORPORATED 67 Wall St., New York' City or 275 Eighth St., San Francisco, Cal. Please send me Bulletin No. 101 describing Davis First Aid Equipment for general industry. Name................................................................. -....................... Company............................................................................... Address.........-..... ................................................ .................. I'' When writing advertisers, please mention XATIOXAL SAFETY XEWS National Safety News Published monthly in the interest of accident prevention and the health of industrial workers Car.ma.n- T. Fish, Editor G, M. Briggs, Associate Editor Stanley H. Kershaw, Poster Editor C. H. Miller, Advertising .Manager Volume xxi January, 1930 Number l In This Issue Safety-izing the West Penn System--Carman T, Pish......-................. Can Foot Injuries he Avoided ?--Xils Juell........................................... Propagating Safety in the Dutch East Indies---P. K mils...................... Machinery Causes Fewer Injuries--G. G, Grieve.................................. The Executive and Safety--Otho M, Graves.......................................... Blast Furnaces Used to Be Hazardous---!!'. -V, tiif/er........................ 95,086 Accidental Deaths in 1928--R. L. Forney.................................. They Got Results from the Start............................................................. Foot-Candles and Casualties--X. A. Neman............................................ Character and the Car--William Cole...................................................... Health in the Plant---C. 0. Sappington, .]/. D., Dr, P. H...................... Removing the Hazards of .Mechanical Refrigeration--Joel I. Connelley Ten Years of Safety on American Railroads--Thomas H. Carrosv....... Where Children Get Hurt--Alvan D, Battev.......................................... Designating Equipment in Sub-stations--J. !!'. Peart............................ Will Lightning Destroy an Airplane?........................................................ Highway Lighting Increases Pedestrian Safety...................................... Production Suffers When Safety Lags--Howard A. Sheets............... Switzerland Reports Industrial Accident Experience.............................. Harriman Medals Awarded for 1928............................................ ........... President's Medal Awarded to 1U4 During 1929.................... ................. What Can We Get--Or What Can We Giver-- Hill Cooper........... 10 18 15 17 19 21) 23 34 38 40 42 46 48 50 52 56 58 64 70 Departments Editorial ...... 9 Coming Events ..................................... 87 The Safety Exchange.................. 28 Accidental Deaths in the U. S. A....... 88 Industrial Health .......................... Th44e Safety Poster Service.................. DO Xew Publications .................................. 54 With the Manufacturer........................ 99 Personals ............................. New M62embers, N. S. C........................ too The Honor Roll...................................... 78 The Buyers' Service................................102 Contents of previous issues of the National Safety News may be found by consulting the Industrial Arts Index in your library. Uopyntrnt 1929 by National Safety council. Printed in 15 A. Published monthly. Entered as second class matter June l', 1421, at the Post Office at Chicago. 111., under the act of March 3, 1875, The subscription price to members for extra copies of the NsnosAL Safsty News is S4.00 per year. Single copies, 40 cents. Reduced quantity prices for yearly subscriptions and single copies on request. Subscriptions are available only to members of the National Safety Council. Member Audit Bureau of Circulation. 18,150 copies ot this issue were printed. National Safety Council Cooperative---Non-Commercial--Non-Political-- Xon-Sectartan 108 East Ohio Street, Chicago, U. S. A. Office of the Education Division, 1 Park Ave., New York City 6 Officers of the National Safety Council 1929-30 C, Eugene Pettibone, President. C, W. Bergquiit, Vice-President for Finance. Earl F. Blank, Vice-President for Engi neering. Charles L. Close, Vice-President for Indus trial Safety. G. T. Hellmuth, Vice-President for Mem bership. Charles E, Hill, Vice-President for Public Relations. Miller McClintock, Vice-President for Pub lic Safety. George Opp, Vice-President for Territorial Councils. Albert W. Whitney, Vice-President for Ed ucation. Dr. C.-E. A. Winslow, Vice-President for Health. J, I. Banish, Treasurer. W. H. Cameron, Managing Director. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Members at Large J. I. Banash, Consulting Engineer. C. W. Bergquiit, Western Electric Co. Earl F, Blank, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp. W. H. Cameron. Managing Director, Na tional Safety Council. Charles L. Close, U. 8. Steel Corp. F. A. Davidson, Chesebro Whitman Co. William C. Dickerman, American Locomo tive Co. N. F. Dougherty, General Motors Corp. H, B, Flowers, New Orleans Public Serv ice, Inc. Daniel Harrington, U. S. Bureau of Mines. O, T. Hellmuth. Chicago, North Shore & Milwaukee Railroad Co. Charles E. Hill, New York Central Lines. J, E. Long. The Delaware & Hudson Co. Miller McClintock, Erskine Bureau, Harv ard University. R, B. Morley. Industrial Accident Prevention Associations. George Opp, The Detroit Edison Co. C, E. Pettibone. American Mutual Liabil ity Insurance Co. Robbins B, StoeckeU Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, State of Connecticut. J. P. Sutton, Ohio Oil Co. Albert W. Whitney, Acting General Man age, National Bureau of Casualty and Surety Underwriters. Dr. C.-E. A. Winslow, Yale Medical School. Representing Territorial Safety Councils H. O. Allison, Western Pennsylvania. Norman Anderson. Cleveland. T. O. Brabston, Birmingham. Ancil D. Brown, Syracuse. Charles E. Redfera, Providence. T, J. Striclder, Kansas City. Representing Sections Melvin W, Bridges, Electric Railway. Will Cooner. Food. Charles F. Larson, Steam Railroad. Edward H. Sykes. Accident Prevention Equipment Manufacturers. Arthur M. Tode, Marine. Tohn L. Vandegrift, Public Utilities. Edward P. Warner, Aeronautical. Past Presidents Robert W. Campbell Arthur T. Morey Lew R. Palmer Charles P. Tolman Arthur H. Young Marcus A. Dow Lewis A. DeBIois Carl B. Auel Charles B. Scott Walter O. King Homer E. Niess Henry A. Renicger January, ftJO 1 MAKE WALKING SAFE For twenty years we have been telling you that stair treads with grooves parallel to the nosing and a slippery nosing, are unsafe. During that time FERALUN treads, which have no grooves parallel to nosing, were the only type of "safety" tread to receive a "Grand Prize" award and have become the sole standard ofmany important users. FERALUN BRONZALUN ALUMALUN NAMES REGISTERED U. S. PATENT OFFICE "There u hardly anything in this world that some man cannot make a little worse and utl a little cheaper, and the people who consider prices only are it/ legitimate prey." John Rnskin. American Abrasive Metals Co., 50 Church St., New York, N.Y. BOSTON PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO PITTSBURGH BUFFALO 40,000 GLASS EYES ARE IMPORTED ANNUALLY can't be seen through. Loss of eyesight through industrial accidents usually can be prevented by the use of proper goggles. Duff-Iiall Safety Goggles are especially suited for in dustrial use because of their low cups, wide range of vision, proper ventilation, and adjustable nose-piece. They are furnished with optically clear, hardened and annealed safety, interchangeable lenses. Inquiries receive prompt attention. DUFF-HALL GOGGLE SERVICE 6 NORTH MICHIGAN AVENUE, CHICAGO, ILL. When writing advertisers, I'iease mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS XATIOXAL SAFETY XEIYS DO YOUR STAIRS SIG-NAL "GO"? Like the ever Alert Signal- lights, guiding the great lines of TRAFFICT the mstatfafton of PAason's Carbo-Cast Treads,`speech up"the safety of Stair sraffic//e<ytyc//7^//fe many hazards to a minmum, and lessening the dangerof Slipping hy 1contact with the ,,rMT$ n,, ft COOhPt Abrasive Surfaces "'Jfi/oidfsyjng Nota/f cefv Tread Co. SAFETY TREAD MANUFACTURERS w FOR OVER'THIRTY-FIVE YEARS owc/7, Massachusetts US.A. IZAL The Choice ior Cutting Oil Disinfection GERMS find cutting- oils an excellent adjunct in their attack on mankind. Too often a good operator becomes so badly infected that he is unable to work efficiently. Izal--a milk white emulsion consisting essentially of ingredients obtained by the careful distillation of certain grade coals--has unusual germicidal value. Cutting oil disinfectants are often corrosive--Izai is not. Nor is it poisonous or injurious. It is one of the most powerful coal-tar germicides in the world. -More than that--it is the official disinfectant of three governments, md is widely used by industries, railroads, steamship lines, hospitals, etc., throughout the world. Izal is ideally adapted to use in general sanitation. Contamination and tilth do not eliminate its effectiveness. A sample awaits you--send the coupon today. Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, 111. Please send me a *ample of Ixal, ami a copv of -our catalog, `The Industrial Vedleine chest," Nam** ........ ....................... ......... Addrejn .................... .... . . ............... ... ClMrdtt LABORATORIES NORTH CHICAGO, ILL. Neiv \ork, >*m Francisco, Seattle, Los Angeles, Toronto, St. Louis, Bombas, U'/wit writing advertisers, please mention X.ITIOXAL SAFETY XEll'S National Safety News Published by the Rational Safety Council \olcmi-: xxi 1930Chicago, Illixois. January, number t A New Decade A REMARKABLE decade is drawing to a close il and it is not exaggerating to say that we are on the threshold of a still more marvelous ten years. The years since .1920 have been marked by greater progress in science and invention than any similar period of the world's history has known. Those who are in a position to speak with authority say we haven't started yet. The twenties were a period of reconstruction. The energies that for four years had been concentrated on destruction were turned to removing the scars of war and the development of industry. Research, which had been stimulated by the demand for deadlier weapons and more effective protection, was directed to the creation of new comforts and conveniences and the methods of production which would make them available to millions. As a result we find the luxuries of the past among the necessities of today. For better or for worse this is an age of speed. No longer is speed in itself looked upon as unmitigated evil. Automotive equipment is being constructed for reliable performance at increasingly higher speeds and modern highways are being built for swifter traffic. But highway building cannot keep pace with the growth of traffic and our city streets cannot be remodeled over night. The human element is another obstacle to speed with safety. Drivers cannot be trained with speed that automobiles are assembled. The safety movement has grown with industry. When the war broke out it was still an experiment. It expanded with the war-time development of in dustry and suffered a temporary setback during the post-war deflation. Since 1921 its progress has been steady and substantial. Ten years ago safety was more or less of an ap pendage to industry like a guard added to a machine. Now it is recognized as an integral part of operation, just as safety in design is becoming a fundamental principle in machine construction. From its industrial beginnings safety lias branched out to include all phases of daily life. It has overcome ridicule and opposition and apathy alone remains as the serious obstacle to Universal Safety. The safety movement will play an increasingly im portant part in the progress of the next decade. A large part of safety progress will be made in the laboratory but an equal amount will he decided on the job where the human element must face the haz ards that even science cannot eliminate. Research will aid education but it cannot supplant it. The history of the safety movement has been a story of splendid cooperation, both of employees and management and of companies one with another. The National Safety Council has had the privilege of fur thering this mutual helpfulness and of spreading the knowledge made available by individual members. Never has the cooperation of our members been so freely given as during the past year and we take this opportunity to express our gratitude and our wishes for a successful and happy New Year. Is Civilization So Complex? THE complexity of our modern civilization is a common complaint of those who look with long ing at the simple life of the savage. But is the prim itive life as simple as it looks? True, the savage need not worry about the stock market, prohibition, styles, business cycles, traffic congestion, meeting the installments on his automo bile and household goods, or the thousand and one things that harass the modern man. His wants are few and he has limited facilities for supplying them. Civilized man may be enslaved to some extent by the things he has created but he has infinitely more freedom of mind and spirit. The life of the savage is beset by superstitions. He sees the wrath of an angry deity in the storm, in disease, and in famine. His whole fife is an attempt to placate evil spirits. Even our own respected ancestors had a demonology which resulted in a none too creditable epoch in American history and some of these superstitions still linger in the hinterlands. The average person no longer believes in necrom ancy. Even the orthodox fear of hell, which formerly had a salutary effect on human conduct, is becoming extinct. Knowledge is driving out fears and super stitions. Accidents and disease are known to result, not from supernatural influences, but from clearly defined and usually preventable causes. And that, we believe, is sufficient compensation for the real and imaginary ills of civilization. Serial Mistakes A MAGAZINE editor once confessed 10 William t"* Feather that when he bought a pour short story he was able to forget it, since it appeared but once. When he bought a bad serial it nearly drove him erazv because it ran through half a dozen issues. It's the serial mistakes that keep us humble, Mr. Feather points out. We don't learn from little mistakes. The bigger the man the more thumping must he the mis take if he is to gain anything from it. 10 NATIONAL SAFETY XFJY.` mini Safety-izing the West Penn System The Springdale power plant whose safety record helped to win the Na tional Safety Council trophy in the Public Utilities Contest. Coal is con veyed under the river from the Springdale mine to the tipple at the right of the plant. By CARMAN T. FISH For Six Years West Penn Employees Have Been Steadily Reducing Accident Rates TTT E'RE s a f e t y salesmen, \\ rather than engineers," said Harold F. Webb, general safety director for the West Penn Electric Company, summing up the methods which have enabled the or ganization to show a consistent re duction in accidents and accident costs since 1923. It was this sales manship that enabled the West Penn Power Company to win the trophy in the Eilectric Group of the 1929 "Annual Safety Contest spon sored by the Public Utilities Section of the National Safety Council, and has made all employees accept the slogan "Safety-ize Our System." Giving the credit for safety achievements to educational work does not minimize the importance of engineering methods in the West Penn organization. These have been brought to a high degree of effici ency but the human element has re quired continuous instruction and inspiration. the safety activities of the West Penn Power Company, West Penn Railways Company and Potomac Edison Company, as well as of the waterworks division of the holding company, the American Water Works and Electric Company, are under the general direction of the Safety Department of the West Penn Electric Company in Pitts burgh. The West Penn Power Com pany serves the territory of Western Pennsylvania outside the city of Pittsburgh and mines the coal which supply its power stations. These companies make up the West Penn System with a total force of 6,500 employees. The waterworks group comprises 42 properties in 16 states and in Havana, Cuba. From the safety department there is a con stant stream of direct advertising to all the widely scattered properties. Within the electric group personal contact with the various units is possible but the activities of the waterworks group, with its scattered units, must be directed largely by mail, with only occasional visits. Assisting Mr. Webb on the "sales force" are George H. Sullivan, A. J. Hill, Jr., and Clyde H. Ruble. Mr. Sullivan is office manager of the de partment, safety inspector and firstaid instructor. One week of each month he spends in Potomac Edison territory. Messrs. Hill and Ruble are field men, combining the work of safety inspectors and first-aid in- January, 1930 11 structors, They travel throughout the territory continually, making- in spections of physical properties, in vestigating serious accidents, giving first aid instruction to employees, and speaking before employee and community meetings when '.tailed upon. Everv other week appropriate Na tional Safety Council posters are sent to each unit and the mailings on alternate weeks contain home made posters of great variety and in genuity. Health bulletins and a monthly safety calendar are includ ed in the direct advertising campaign and two employee publications are also available for the propagation uf safety ideas. West Penn Life, an elaborate monthly magazine, cover ing a wide field of employee inter ests. fills an important place in the organization, and the l Vest Pam Safety Valve, a mimeographed pub lication, is an interesting supple mentary medium for safety mes sages. Semi-monthly letters to su perintendents are of an inspirational nature and deal largely with safety principles. In promoting safety every official of the West Penn Power Company has not only given his approval but his active support. When an officer addresses a group of employees he talks as man to man, handing out both praise and censure as merited. left is the Gadsby First Aid trophy which became the permanent property of the West Penn I',user Company when they won it for the third time in l*i29. At the right is the trophy :m m the 1929 Public i'tilities Annual Safety Contest, ises of customers, defective line men's belts that have been found and condemned in inspections, and a great variety of souvenirs of acci dents. and devices that have pre vented accidents. In the matter of safety organiza tion committees have been reduced to the minimum. At the beginning accidents an investigation commit tee is formed, consisting of one ex ecutive, a member of the safety de partment, and the chairman of the operating division. As quickly as possible after the accident the com mittee arrives at the spot, deter mines the causes, fixes the responsi bility, and takes all possible steps to prevent a recurrence. At all properties there is a contact man. usually a supervisor, who is responsible for the maintenance of safe working conditions, instruction of men in safe practices, and the use of the educational material sent out from the main office. A monthly in spection schedule is maintained at all properties. The investigation committee getting the facts about an accident. On his own initiative one official sends frequent letters to the homes of all employees and each of the 1.500 letters carries his personal sig nature, not a rubber stamp. One of the interesting sights in the West Penn building is Mr. Webb's "safety museum." Here are goggles that have saved eyes, "re paired" fuses taken from the prem of organized safety work many pa per committees had been established with no definite plan of action. Many of these languished for lack of direction, while accidents contin ued without any conspicuous reduc tion. At present, there is only one committee, an executive committee on which each division is represent ed. For the investigation of serious The Annual Public I'tilities Safe ty Contest was a powerful incentive to the entire working force of the West Penn Power Company and the trophy which hangs >n the lobby of the West Penn building is a source of pride to both executives and workers. It is a reminder of ">,40!,Ufio man-hours worked by i',548 em ployees with only 15 lost-time acci dents, making a frequency rate of 4,335 for the six-month period. Contests among the five main di visions of the system also keep in terest alive. These divisions--Rail ways in Pennsylvania, Commercial. Railways in West Virginia, Mininaand Power -- with approximately 5,000 employees compete monthly to accomplish the greatest reduction from their own average records for T2 XATIOXAL SAFETY XEli'S Testing the mck-dustinii equipment at Springdale Mine. Right: The mine's rescue squad. the previous live years. The division making the greatest reduction for the month receives a banner, and the division with the most banners at the end of the year receives a sil ver cup. As in all public utility compa nies, first aid is one of the major ac tivities of the safety department. Every man in the organization is in structed in the prone pressu-e method of resuscitation and in checking arterial bleeding, but ex cept in the mines no attempt is made to give complete first-aid training to all employees. Enrollment for the complete course is voluntary but a large number have shown sufficient interest to qualit'v for certificates. The company maintains ~>0 firstaid teams throughout its territory and elimination contests are held an nually for the West Penn Cham pionship, the winner representing the organization in the Pennsylva nia Electric Association contest. During 1029 the West Penn team won the championship of the Asso ciation for the third time, thereby securing permanent possession of the Gadsbv trophy. Two mines operated by the com pany supply the coal which is con verted into power for West Penn territory. The Springdale mine, the larger of the two, is located at Lo gan's Ferry, across the Allegheny river from the Springdale power sta tion, and coal is transported under the river to the tipple and thence by conveyor to the automatically -toked boilers of the power plant. The mine has excellent roof con ditions but is classed as a gaseous mine and an efficient ventilation sys tem is required to keep the mine at mosphere .-ate. A Hashing light out-itie the fan house indicates that the fan is working and when the light -tops every man is ordered out of the mine. Xu matches or -moking materials are allowed underground and daily inspections are made by the tire bosses. All underground passageways are thoroughly rockdusted. The most important factor in keeping the accident rate low at this mine is the energy displayed by Mine Superintendent Charles Rey nolds and his supervisory staff. It was the Springdale mine which rep resented tiie conipanv in the contest which clinched the Gadsbv trophy, Summing up the methods by which the West Penn System has been reducing accidents since ac cident prevention work was reorgan ized at the beginning of 1924. Mr. Webb emphasizes the following principles: 1. Furnishing the necessary protective ttquipment. 2. Periodic inspection of equipment and supplies. 3. Correction of hazardous working conditions, 4. Training new employees, 5. Safety instruction and education of all employees. 6. Maintaining the interest of the em ployees. 7. Supervision and direction of safety activities. These are not listed in the order of their importance: in fact, it is im possible to say which is the most vital. But if the first three are neg- (Continued on page SO) 41 v1!* f 'ndeniround passage ivays at the Springdale mine are marked like city streets. Illuminated bulletin boards are placed at strategic points. January, 1930 13 Can Foot Injuries Be Avoided? By NILS JUELL Employment and Safety Manager, Michigan Steel Corporation A safety engineer of the Michigan Steel Carp, demonstrating <i safety shoe ami a collection of shoes from the museum. WHEN' the kings of Egypt built the pyramids I am sure that there were thousands of foot injuries, 1 am also convinced that the remedy used then was very simple. Since the working force was composed of captured neighbors it was probably customary, when a prisoner's useful ness ended, to take him to a secluded spot and put him out of his misery. What a contrast to modern indus trial procedure! Nowadays we not only have extensive provisions for re habilitating the sick and injured hut we also spend much time, effort and money in eliminating accident causes. The prevention of foot accidents, for example, is one phase of accident pre vention which has been the subject of considerable study by safety engineers N'OTE: The information in this article was pre* -ented originally in an address before the Engineer* ng Division ot the Detroit industrial Safety {'uncil. i in the Detroit area and I have been fortunate in obtaining the experience uf several companies. The Packard Motor Car Company lias saved many toes during recent years. In IH26 one mishap out of every six involving the feet was a losttime case; in 1928 it was reduced to one in eleven. The fact that the com pany sold 3,000 pairs of safety shoes to employees during 1928 helps to ex plain the reduction in lost time. Several near accidents in which the wearing of safety shoes prevented losttime injuries are reported by the Cadil lac Motor Car Company: 1. The front wheel of a three-wheel electric truck weighing 834 pounds ran over a man's foot, Xo injury. 2. A cylinder block weighing 90 pounds dropped from bench on workman's foot. Mo injury. 3. Casting dropped on checker's foot. This near injury was the cause of many men in non-productive activi ties adopting safety shoes. 4. Transmission case dropped on man's foot without causing injury. In the tabulation of accidents at the Michigan Steel Corporation we classi fy each injury by filling in a square on u wall chart with colored crayons. For example, a red square denotes an in jured leg; blue and red (horizontal) feet and toes; yellow, an arm, etc. Plach department has a section sufficient for six or seven lost-time accidents for each foreman per month. The chart is placed where foremen and workmen can see it, and it has stimulated inter est and effort in accident prevention. In planning our accident prevention effort we find it helpful to record acci dents by these three classifications: 1. Part of body injured. 2. Cause. 3. Occupation of injured man and oper ation involved. Why do we emphasize foot protec tion? Because we believe that injuries to feet cause more lost time than any other type of injury. In a steel mill", where the work is so largely hand work, you can readily see the hazards to which the worker's feet are exposed. I had not been at my present job very long before I realized what foot injuries meant to the efficiency of a steel plant. In our plant there is no job where the worker is seated. He is on his feet and his feet are in mo tion. Under these conditions even a slight foot injury is a serious hand icap. Consider the construction of the foot, with its multiplicity of bones that dovetail together and its muscles that work' independently vet are dependent A collection of shoes, safe and otherwise. ft) A popular type of safety shoe. (2) A safety shoe with wing toe offering added protection for the little toe. The cutaway shows plaster toes in normal position, s;!! A safety shoe thawing how toes are guarded. (4) A shoe which withstood a severe test, fst ,4 safety shoe which prevented an amputation. fg) A poor type of shoe for any worker, it) A shoe with protected wing toe credited with saving the employee and the company money. (8) 'A shoe which permitted a severe laceration. ,14 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Congratulating a worker on escaping a serious foot injury by wearing pro tective shoes. Snapshots 'like this are used on bulletin boards by the Michi gan Steel Corporation. upon each other for proper functioning. It is easy to understand how an injury to a bony member or damage to these intricate muscles would affect the func tioning of the whole group. Most jobs in a steel plant require special training, and hundreds of dol lars worth of material may be spoiled by a green worker before he is worth his wages. When such a worker re ceives a foot injury it is usually of such a nature that his demonstration of jumping around on one leg, holding on to the injured foot with both hands, attracts the attention of all the workers in the, vicinity. I will not attempt to estimate the cost of this commotion in dollars and cents, nor the time of the two fellow workers who usually take the injured man to first aid--and take their time in getting back to the job--nor the foreman's time in going to the first aid department and filling in the report of the accident and telling how it occurred and how it could have been prevented. All this costs money and. affects the insurance rate and the overhead, and eventually the company's ability to make a profit. I came to this conclu sion assuming that when the firm is indifferent about accidents, the same attitude usually prevails in the pre vention of other forms of waste. We all have secret ambitions. Mine lias been to be able to prove that foot injuries can be prevented. We have found that cuts around the ankle and on top of the foot will heal with pro per treatment and a few days' rest, but cuts and lacerations on the toes and sole present a much more serious problem. Can the use of safety shoes be made compulsory? I believe it could if it were possible to carry in stock varieties to fit all feet and meet the requirements of all jobs. Take, for instance, the sheet mill rolling crew. You might say that a certain dance step is made in swinging the rolled steel from one set of rolls to the other. A rhythm is developed, which, the hot-mill men claim, is in terfered with by the stiff upper leather of most safety shoes. This is an example of the objections sometimes offered to the use of protective cloth ing. In overcoming prejudices and ob jections, which are often largely im aginary, the bulletin board is the silent pulpit of the safety engineer. The safety poster is the finest medium we have for putting across a safety idea. We have also had a great deal of suc cess with photographs. A man whose feet have been saved by safety shoes is proud of his foresight. He is in variably willing to make a statement and to have his picture taken. I have never seen it fail that after such a bulletin board exhibit our shoe sales have increased immensely. Any new type of accident is repro duced in plaster and we have found such models effective for display at foremen's meetings, and in some cases for bulletin board use. A few of the casts from our collection are shown in an accompanying illustration. They are not difficult to make and their educational value is well worth the time and effort. Most safety men have had an oppor tunity to observe the condition of the average worker's feet. In perhaps half the cases I have seen there has been a decided lack of personal hygiene and there is a real need for posters dealing with the care of the feet, in such posters these features could be emphasized: 1. The importance of footwear be ing intact when exposed to in dustrial poisons, such as lead, chrome, and dinitro compounds, etc., to prevent absorption of toxic substances, 2. Warm foot baths and change of socks are desirable after the day's work, whether the occupa tion is hazardous or not, for the sake of cleanliness and the relief of foot fatigue, i. Correctly fitted footwear to pre vent corns and bunions which cause much discomfort and may also delay recovery in case of injury. In selling safety shoes, I have found that there is a great value in conduct ing the sale in the employment or the first-aid department. The psychologi cal effect on other men who happen to be in the department at the time is remarkable. I have heard some inter esting discussions started and there is an opportunity to get in touch with the men in talking about the importance of foot protection. January, 1930 15 Propagating Safety in the Dutch East Indies By P. KRULLS Government Safety Inspector, Palembang, Sumatra AMONG the colonies especially favored by an insular climate, '"and probably among all co lonies, the Dutch East Indies hold a foremost place. When the Dutch explorers first anchored in these The universal language of pictures is being used to j educate the illiterate native | workers of the far-off East | palmy bays about 1600, they showed Indies in safety foresight in realizing the future value of the archipelago and advis ing the home government to develop its agricultural and industrial possi bilities. baja, 200,000; Samarang, 150,000, The Dutch Blast Indies, with the and Djokjakarta, 100,000. main islands of Java, Sumatra, For a tropical country health con Borneo, Celebes, New Guinea and ditions must be considered very the smaller isles, cover a total sur good, if one makes due allowance face of 736,000 square miles, which for the fact that among the native is 65 times the surface of Holland, Javanese, Malays, etc., modern sani or little less than the surface of tary methods are not vet commonly Texas, Virginia, North and South known. Carolina, Georgia, Missouri, Cali On these islands are great Ameri fornia and North Dakota together. can and European estates specializ The total coast line of these islands ing in the large scale export of many is practically equal to the circumfer products, the more important of ence of the earth. which are rubber, cane sugar, coffee, The population amounts to about tea, copra, tobacco, tin, essential and 50.000. 000, distributed approximate vegetable oils, cinchona bark, and ly as follows: Java and Madura, teakwood. 35.000. 000: Sumatra, 6,000,000; Ce In summarizing East Indian lebes, 3,000.000; Borneo, 1,500,000. wealth and prosperity there certain and the rest of the archipelago, ly should not be omitted many 4.500.000. mineral treasures in the soil, among The chief cities with their popula which are petroleum, coal, Banka tions are: Batavia 300,000; Sura- tin, gold, silver, nickel, iron and wol framite. There should also be mentioned the great possibilities of water power which have not yet been ex- ploited to a very great extent. Ac cording to a rough estimate, which does not include New Guinea, a large part of which is still unknown, there are available in the Dutch East Indies about 5,500,000 horsepower distributed as follows: Java, 500,000; Sumatra, 2,000,000; Celebes. 1,000,000; Borneo, 2.000,000. Among the agricultural and man ufacturing industries the cane sugar, rubber, tea, cinchona, palm oil and cassava products are highly devel oped from the scientific point of view. Also, the petroleum and tin industries, machine repair shops, metal construction work, cement factories, paper mills, paint and var nish works, packing, tanning and soap factories, tobacco factories, brick and tile works, and printing plants have reached a height where they are comparable to many American and European establishments. In contrast with the thickly pop ulated island of Java, where the sup ply of labor, as a rule, exceeds the demand, the outer districts have a labor shortage and the natives arc of inferior fitness for regular work. It is usually necessary to import labor from Java or China at great expense. ,4 few examples of posters used fit the education of native workers in the Dutch East Indies. 16 NATIONAL SAFETY XEUS (see accompanying reproductions') illustrating the dangers of shafting, rubber milling, not wearing goggles, and lack of fences, bine of the pos ters, Glowing the missing fence along the driving belt, is double-fold, giving at the left side the wrong and at the right the desirable state of things, thereby increasing the educa tional value of the drawing. Inscrip tions are given in Malay, this being the universal idiom of the archipel ago. So far as can be observed, all of & Foundry Company, at the pre sentation of the President's Medal of the National Safety Council, to Walter Carrico, an employee of the company who had saved the life of a fellow worker bv the prone pres sure method of resuscitation. Mr. Orth spoke as follows: "Such an occasion as this is one which stirs the emotions and touches the heart. It is a great moment in my life and a great moment to all of us, for were we to live a thousand years we could not be called togeth er to express our profound admira A Javanese workman displayitw a guard of his own manufacture. Under these circumstances the problems to be faced by the labor and safety service are varied and complicated. Although the most critical observer has to admit that the Dutch colonial government watches with minute strictness the fulfilment of the postulata of the In ternational Labor Office attached to the League of Nations at Geneva, it must not be forgotten that most of the East Indian labor is illiterate. It should also be taken into considera tion that during a comparatively short period the huge apparatus of modern industrialism was forced upon a country where for long cen turies only primitive methods of agriculture had been known. these illustrations have given excel lent results in the factories and shops. Without exception the work men showed interest and under standing. particularly if they were unable to read the inscriptions. Their natural predilections for pic tures of all kinds, facilitate educa tional work of the illustrative sort. It was quite a satisfaction for the author when on a recent inspection trip he met a Javanese worker who proudly showed him a home-made and quite practical safety device for guarding lathe gearing. The worker and his guard are shown in an ac companying illustration. Noting the favorable results of the posters published so far, the gov tion for a greater or nobler deed than that which is the occasion of this meeting. "There is present with us here a man who has passed through the shadows of the Valley of Death and who would not be alive had it not been for the life-saving service ren dered to this man when his life had almost passed and who was saved by the heroic and devoted actions of the hero of this occasion, Mr. Wal ter Carrico. "Air. Carrico has performed the supreme service within the sphere of man. He has defeated death, saved a life of a fellow man, and demonstrated the incalculable worth of first aid training and what it means when promptly and intelli gently applied at such a supreme and overwhelming moment. "No words which I can utter can fully express the debt we owe Mr. Carrico. He will carry through life the honored respect and high ad miration of all those who know of his splendid contribution to Safety First and the pride which alone is his for having made so great a con tribution to human welfare." Thus the contrast with American and European industrial develop ment is obvious. Whereas, from the beginning of our technical epoch un Grand Rapids Club Studies Causes of Falls til now time was given to the American and European laboring population to assimilate industrial methods, the Javanese had to pass through this process in a compara tively short period of time. The Jav anese is almost never a "born tech nical man." For centuries he was a farmer, tilling the soil with primitive equipment, and he became an indus trial worker by force of circum stances. His technical education is invariably incomplete, also his safety education. Following the good example given by the National Safety Council, and later, also, by some of the European countries, the government recently introduced safety posters in East In dian factories. At the time of writ ing four posters have been published FIFTY-ONE persons have met death through falls in Grand Rapids, Mich., since January 1, 1925. Eighteen of these falls were on stair ways, nine on pavements, five on floors, and the rest are unclassified. 'These facts were brought out in ernment intends to issue more in the the discussion at a recent meeting of future and to proceed in this line of safety education by illustrations, thus helping to preach the gospel of safety in these rather remote parts of the world. the Grand Rapids Plant Representa tives Club following a talk by H. Weaver Mowery, of the American Abrasive Metals Company, New York City. Mr. Mowery spoke on the subject of falls in industry and the elimination ot slipping and trip A Tribute to a Life Saver ping hazards. The Plant Representatives' Club ppreciation of a merito is holding a series of meetings de A rious act was admirably ex voted to the study of industrial pressed in a brief address by G. As.afety problems, using as a text Orth, manager of the Safety and book "The Manual of Industrial Claims Section of the American Car Safety," by Sidney J. Williams. /timmrv, 17 Machines Cause Fewer Injuries Safeguarding, Supervision unci Training Are Making Their Influence Felt in Preventing Accidents Due to Machinery By G. G. GRIEVE Assistant Statistician, Sational Safety Council A RECENT analysis showed that National Safety Council mem bers engaged in the manufac ture of automobiles, electrical equip ment, machinery, and similar prod ucts-- industries in which powerdriven equipment is an outstanding feature--have been very successful in reducing serious accidents. See December, 1929, Nation'al Safety News, pages 21-22). The loss of fingers and hands and other perma nent partial disabilities declined more than 50 per cent from 1926 to 1928, which was taken as a possible indication of effective work in elim inating machinery accidents. These accidents have received particular attention from safety engineers, not only because of their high frequency and severity, but also because the FIGURE I Compensable Machinery and Non-Machinery Accidents 1919 and 1928.Four States* 1919 1928 * Pennsylvania , Wisconsin, Massachusetts and New York. increased use of mechanical equip cases during the period. Figure l ment has held the possibility for an also indicates the favorable showing increasingly difficult problem. machinery accidents make compared In an attempt to test the accuracy with non-machinery cases during the of the above interpretation that few er permanent disabilities meant ma chinery accident reductions, ten-year records of industrial accidents in four states have been studied. Com pensation records in these industrial states--New York, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin and Massachusetts -- show variations in experience with compensable machinery cases. Mas sachusetts reports a consistent de cline during the last ten years--a total decrease of 58 per cent. Be la-ff ten years. This improvement is also reflected in the relation of permanent partial disability machinery cases to perma nent partial disability non-machin ery accidents in 1919 and 1928. (See Figure 2.) Permanent partial disa bilities from machinery accidents ex ceeded non-machinerv cases of this type about 10 per cent in 1919, but in 1928 there were over two and a half permanent partial disabilities tween 1910 and 1928 compensable machinery accidents rose 16 per cent in Xew York and about 7 per cent in FIGURE 2 Pennsylvania. Wisconsin showed a very slight increase. Influenced by the marked Massachusetts drop, Figure 1 shows that compensable Permanent Partial Machinery and Permanent Partial Non-Machinery Accidents 1919 and 1928 machinery cases in 1928 were 23 per cent less than the number recorded Four States* in 1919 bv the four states. Although three of the four states showed some increase in the ten-year period only one state---New York-experienced an increase in machinery accidents in the last five years. The other three, in a period of rapidly increas ing mechanization, with a correspond ing increase in exposure of employees to machine hazards, have nevertheless reduced machinery accidents. When related to the number of non-machinery compensable cases, the machinery accident situation ap pears more favorable. Non-machin ery eases for the four states have not only increased steadily, but more rapidly than compensable machinery accidents since 1919. The gain in non-machinery cases since 1919 is 55 per rent. Machinery accidents, on the other hand, were 16 per cent be low 1919 in 1924 and declined an other 7 per cent bv 1928. The ex perience of the states, has, in gen eral, been similar. .New York, though showing a gain of 16 per 1919 1928 cent in all machinery accidents be tween 1919 and 1928, reports a 130 Massachusetts,Wisconsin.New York & per cent increase for non-machinery Pennsylvania (partiallyestimated) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Table I: Machine Accidents in New York State, 1923 to 1927* direction, constitute some proof of a decline in machine hazards in Amer Power Presses l*ower Saws Sewing Machines Abrasive Wheels Cloth-cutting and Stamping Machines Portable Power Tools Printing Presses Food-cutting and Chopping Machines jointers and Planers Lathe and Automatic Screw Machines Metal Shears Hand and Foot Presses Power Shovels Ironing Machines Concrete Mixers Number of Compensable Accidents, Year ending June 30-- 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1.193 1,006 429 ;-;33 163 130 304 189 HU 197 187 30 40 118 86 1,393 1.159 249 211 336 216 402 196 215 32 86 174 125 1,044 1.196 378 372 270 261 335 302 17*9 195 I0G 108 166 M8 1.275 1,264 842 559 430 318 439 365 384 283 244 193 182 188 1,161 1,096 948 436 416 U4 390 355 346 286 233 231 226 224 % Change 1926-1927 Compared with 1922-1923 4-121 -t-31 4-155 +218 -+-28 -+-88 -+-10 f 45 4-25 +670 4-465 4-90 +147 ican industry. In the available data machine accidents are fewer than they were ten years ago, and the dis crepancy is greater considering five years only; they are much less nu merous when compared to all com pensable cases (except in a selected group of steel plants) ; and the de cline is even sharper when only per manent disability accidents are con sidered. It is true that the scope of compensable accidents has been Total of Above Machinery Cases Total of all other causes 4.721 3.673 5,509 7.189 6,974 48.911 62.190 65,823 85.958 4-48 -f-76 From the Industnal Bulletin issued by the Industnal Commission of New York State, February 1928. changed and that the decreased per centage of machine accidents may be partially fictitious on this ac count. Actual numerical declines in due to other causes for every one cent, 20 per cent greater than that recent years, however, coupled with due to machinery. Similarly, fatali for machinery accidents alone. It a favorable standing as compared to ties involving' machinery also de is impossible to state, of course, non-machinery permanent disabili clined during the period; in 1929 whether this result was accom ties offers considerable evidence that they were 6.6 per cent of the non plished by greater effort against the safe construction of machines, ma machinery fatalities, but in 1928, the non-machine hazards. chine guarding, and proper training proportion had decreased to 5.8 per These related pieces of evidence, and supervision of machine opera cent. while not all pointing in the same tors are making their influence felt. New York has analyzed its ma chinery accidents on the basis of the type of machine causing the injury. Table 1 shows that the increases These Men Believe in Goggles have been least where the numbers were greatest. For example, power press accidents show a decline of 3 per cent, and injuries from power saws increased only 9 per cent in comparison to an increase of 48 per cent for all accidents classified in the table, and an increase of 76 per cent in non-machinery accidents. The results which have been achieved in eliminating serious acci dents due to power presses and power saws demonstrates the extent to which machinery accidents can be controlled. Accidents involving sew ing machines, on the other hand, have more than doubled between 1923 and 1927. This is attributed by the New York Department of Labor to the increasing number of power driven machines and to liberalized provisions in the compensation law. A selected group of iron and steel plants have an experience somewhat different. Statistics compiled by the I'nited States Bureau of Labor Sta tistics on the causes of accidents in such a group of plants show that the frequency of machinery accidents has declined from 3.3 per 1,000.000 hours worked in 1919 to 1.3 in 1927, a decline of 61 per cent. (See Bulle tin 490 of the U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.) The frequency of ma chinery accidents, however, in 1927 was only exceeded by the frequency rate for those resulting from han dling objects. Furthermore, the re duction in all accidents was 80 per THE five employees of the Pull The next man was using a ham man Company shown in the mer and chisel to remove a screw above illustration are firmly cownith worn threads. The screw flew vinced that the company's rule re up and broke a lens. quiring all employees on duty to The third man was tinning screws wear goggles is a wise one. Five when the solder -.plashed, burning pairs of goggles were damaged and his face and covering the lenses. His five men were saved from partial or eyesight was saved. total blindness. The fourth was melting solder The employee on the left was which splashed and covered the handling a bundle of inside sash right lens. strips when one strip fell out the The fifth turned an oil furnace bundle, striking the goggle lens. valve on instead of off. The flames This would not ordinarily be consid burned his face but the goggles ered an eye-hazardous operation. saved his eyes. January, 10ZQ The Executive and Safety By OTHO M. GRAVES Vice-President and General Manager, The Genera/ Crushed Stone Corporation 10 SINCE the time when our sturdy Pilgrim forefathers landed on Plymouth Rock and fought vali antly and successfully the elements and hostile Indians to establish a foothold and a living place in the land they called "New England," and when un der fairer skies and on more fertile soil the cavaliers of Old England es tablished their colonies in what is now Virginia, this nation has flourished and prospered. With natural resources of almost unbelievable richness and seem ingly unlimited in quantity; with a population growing by leaps and bounds: blessed with a government of the people, by the people and for the people; with the happy prospect before us of increased prosperity under a com petent and sympathetic administration, it truly seems as though the thread of our destiny has been woven into the fabric of world affairs by the hand of a Master Weaver graciously inclined to our welfare. It is only in relatively recent years, when we have spanned the three-thou sand-mile width of our continent and planted cities on the Pacific Coast rival ing in magnificence and in population those of the Atlantic seaboard, that we have come to realize that these natural resources must be conserved and guarded with zealous care if we are to continue to thrive and prosper. We have now become accustomed to the phrases which rang strangely in our ears not so long ago of "conservation of forests," "of water power," "of coal," "ore" and the other gifts of a beneficient deity. Business Ethics We have outgrown the moral crutches of such phrases as "Business is business," "Honesty is the best policy," and "caveat emptor." We now clearly perceive that business is good business only when it is conducted along sound, ethical lines. We are honest because we know that we should be, and the material benefits of honesty come naturally as by-products. The buyer is not expected to beware, NOTE; The accompanying article wa* originally an address delivered before the Quarry Section at the Sixteenth Annual Safety Congress. By request it was presented, with modification, before the Special Session for Industrial Executives and Engi> peers at the Eighteenth Congress. but is guided and protected. Vet but slowly have we come to the realization that fundamental as is the conservation of our natural resources, even more basically important is the protection of the worker. Of all the material with which we have to work there is none so vitally important, nor so fascinating, as the ^ 'T Industry is demanding a new type of executive, one who knows human problems as j well as manufacturing pro- !J cesses; not a boss but a leader ! who can hold the confidence ! of his men. t V *- human. The man who hopes to suc ceed to the fullest extent without sym pathetic understanding of his fellow man has about as much chance of suc cess as one who searches at midnight in a dark cellar for a black cat that isn't there. We must necessarily take into ac count those curious cross currents forming queer eddies in our charac ters that lead one to observe that at times we seem to have our counter parts in the British Isles, where the Englishman loves his beer, beef and Bible; the Scotchman keeps the Sab bath and everything else he can get his hands on; the Welshman prays on Sunday and on everybody else the rest of the week: and the Irishman does not know what he wants and won't rest contented until he gets it. A relatively new thought is mani festly permeating industrial activity-- the recognition of the interdependence of employer and employee, a relation ship which now approaches economic equality. We are beginning to realize, beyond a mere lip statement, that the employer prospers in direct ratio to the prosperity of his employees. Industry is demanding a new type of executive, who not only intimately knows the processes of manufacture, but who also sympathetically visions and under stands the problems which confront his men; one who while directing and governing creates in those associated with him enthusiastic cooperation; a leader, not a boss; one whose integ rity, qualities o f judicial fairness and 0 Harris & Ewing human sympathy awaken the loyalty and hold the confidence of his men. To such an executive the physical safety of his men i$ of paramount im portance. He is motivated in sale- guarding them in their employment no less by reason of their economic value, impaired as it is by lost time from any cause, than bv his humanitarian inter est in their welfare and contentment of mind. Obviously, a skilled employee is more valuable on the pay roll than on the compensation list, and equally, a contented worker is clearly of more value than one discontented and dis gruntled, whether his disturbed state of mind comes from a belief that he is underpaid, unappreciated or unduly exposed to unnecessary hazards. Is the time and money required to promote accident prevention economic ally justifiable? The reply to this question is in the handwriting on the wall, with abundant proof of an affirm ative answer in the experience of our largest industries. The evidence is overwhelming that a safe plant is an efficient one, and conversely, an effi cient plant is a safe one. It is being constantly demonstrated that by giving effective attention to accident preven tion, insurance costs, however carried, are lowered; and moreover, production is correspondingly increased; in fact, maximum productivity cannot be at tained until accidents are reduced to a minimum. A Paradoxical Attitude Not so long ago a well-known pro ducer of a mined material said that he would not sacrifice production for the sake of reducing accidents in his mines. Such an attitude would be humorously paradoxical were it not tragic. In discussing his comment the memory whimsically came to mind of an old negro who said that on his farm in. southern Georgia he used to raise horses, black horses and white horses, but that he had to .give up raising black horses because they ate more than did the white horses. When asked (Continued on page 841 20 XATIOXAL SAFETS ' XEli'S Blast Furnaces Used To Be Hazardous But They Are Rapidly Losing Their Unenviable Reputation By W. S. UNGER Superintendent, Carrie Furnaces, Homestead Works, Left: It', S. L'lifter, superintendent, Carnegie Steel Company and right, Edward Warren, assistant superintendent, Carrie Furnaces, in set: J. II'. Benner, superintendent of safety, employment and welfare. Homestead district, Carnegie Steel a necessary evil connected with the upon the workmen themselves. As a business, and frequently the only ex chain is no stronger than its weakest Company. planation given concerning an accident link, so the safety basis of a plant is was that it was just "too bad." This no stronger than its most careless THE blast furnace at one time had the unenviable reputation of be ing the most hazardous depart ment of the steel industry, and a sur vey of the accident rate over a period of years before the introduction of present day safety methods bears out this contention. Today, however, this department compares very favorably with other industrial units in its acci dent experience both as to frequency and severity. The safety record of the last twelve months at Carrie Fur naces of the Carnegie Steel Company surely goes to prove the accuracy of the last statement. feeling still persists, but it is growing less and less each year; in fact, many accidents which were considered unpreventable have been entirely elimi nated due to better facilities for doing the work, better methods, or more care exercised. The first period of the safety cam paign was the "safeguard" period, in which nearly all attention was paid to the placing of guards on machin ery, railings on platforms and unsafe locations, substitution ot stairways for ladders, etc. As a corollary to this, more care was exercised in the selection and building of new machin ery to see that it came up to the safety Carrie Furnaces, the blast furnace standard, thereby eliminating the ex plant for the Homestead Steel Works pense of installing the necessary safe of the Carnegie Steel Company, is guards after the machine had been located in the Boroughs of Rankin and delivered. This procedure immediate Swissvale, Pa. This plant, being lo ly bore fruit, for conditions were such cated across the Monongahela River that the opportunity for improvement from the steel works, must naturally was large. During this period the he more or less self-contained. It personal education of the workmen involves, besides the usual furnace along safety lines was talked about, front, stock house, blowing engine, hut was not practiced very intensively. pig machine, ladle, ore unloading and With machinery and equipment repair work, the operation of power safeguarded, and proper tools with generating equipment at both high and which to wmrk, stress was placed upon low voltages for the transmission of the educational campaign, since the power to the steel works and cement uccess ur failure of safety depends works, and a rather complex railroad workman. The educational campaign is worked out along the following lines: All men seeking employment are examined bv the plant physician. Passing their ex amination, they are taken around the plant by an experienced workman who points out and explains the dangers to be avoided, and gives them general safety instructions. When reporting to their department, these men are again instructed by their department foreman on the particular hazards of that department. Any man who does not understand English thoroughly is instructed in his native language. Each workman, when starting to work in a department, automatically becomes a member of a squad of not more than six men, which is`headed by a leader, who is not the foreman, and whose duty it is to speak daily to his men upon any dangers noted, urge every man to exercise care that nei ther he nor his fellow workmen are injured, and to take charge of the safe ty of the squad in general. Squad leadership is changed every six months. Each day this leader turns in a signed report of any accidents oc curring in his squad, unsafe practices ing system. Carrie Furnace Plant operated from March 2, 1929, to October 27, 1929, a period of 238 days, during which time no accident occurred that necessi tated any employee losing time from his work. During this period there were 1,772,680 man-hours worked 1,066,110 long tons of pig iron pro duced, and 94,548 cars of material handled, not counting 36,008 ladles of molten iron and 26,190 ladles of molt en slag. Previous to the start of the safety movement, accidents were considered January, 1930 21 Carrie furnaces of the Carnegie Steel Company as viewd from Homestead IfVrfci across the Monongaheta River men desire to make. All recommend ations are referred to the proper parties for investigation and action, and a letter sent by the department superintendent to the leader advising what disposition was made of his sug gestion. In every department will be found one or more men familiar with all phases of their line of work. At inter vals one of these men is appointed to make a written report from a safety viewpoint of all jobs being done by his department, and to correct any unsafe practices, and to condemn any unsafe tools. The object of this in spection is to prevent any bad practice from becoming a habit. A suggestion was received during the latter part of 1928 that a commit tee from one department would be able to unearth unsafe conditions and practices by visiting all departments except their own. The idea advanced by the originator was that men fol lowing one line of work become so familiar with the routine that they overlook certain dangers which an outsider might observe, and that any safety developments practiced in their own department might be passed on to the department visited. By visit ing departments other than their own, all possibility of anv hesitancy in criti cizing their immediate superiors was eliminated. Each committee served one week, and its report was sent to all departments. The result was that 467 suggestions were received, of which 423 were completed, 18 not considered feasible, and 26 listed for later consideration. Many excellent suggestions were received. Once each month a safety meeting is held in the superintendent's office, at which all department heads and principal foremen are present. At this meeting the safety for the plant is en couraged by open discussion. All ac cidents, both at Carrie Furnaces and at the other departments, are dis cussed by a representative of the safe ty department. The safety of the plant revolves around this committee. When a workman is injured he is given a card to the emergency hos pital bv his foreman. This card must be signed by the plant physician pro nouncing him in good condition be fore the man is permitted to return to work. At the time of the accident, the foreman makes a written report, a copy of which is sent to the safety department where all statements are checked. A committee of three work men then investigates the case, making a complete report, giving circum stances, placing responsibility for the accident, and suggesting means to avoid a repetition. This report is sent to a central investigating committee, composed of three department heads, meeting twice each week to review every case. This central committee recommends any penalties in connec tion with the case, the infliction, how ever, being left to the department head. These reports are then sent to the safety department for filing with other records of the case. In all cases the responsibilitv for an accident must be fixed, and fails into one or more of the following classifications: Class 1. Class 2- Class 3. Class 4* Class Class 6. Class 7* Class R, Class 9, Class 10. Class n. Class 12. Man responsible for own acci dent. Fellow workman responsible for accident. Foreman responsible for acci dent. Failure of equipment. Improper equipment or facili ties for doing work. Bad plant condition. Unavoidable hazard of opera tion. Physical weakness. Lack of co-operation. Failure of safety devices. Violation of safety rules. Improper and unsafe method of doing work. A short summary of all serious ac cidents, giving the names of the parties concerned, the findings of the investigating committee, and the re sponsibility for the accident is posted on all the bulletin hoards in the plant. The effect of seeing one's name posted as being responsible for an accident causes the individual to exert every effort to avoid a repetition. The usual safety (testers on other subjects are posted. It has been found that in order to retain interest in the bulletin hoards, the proper type of posters be used, that they be changed frequently, and located properly. Plant entrances have been found to be poor locations, as the workmen are usually in a hurry entering or leaving the plant. Comfort stations, wash rooms and locker rooms have been found better. Items from the National Safety News are marked and circulated among the various departments, and in several cases bulletins and pamph lets which are of particular interest to certain phases of the operation are ordered. A dean plant is a safe plant, and twice each year a committee, composed of all department heads, makes a com plete survey of the entire plant, reporting all unsafe, untidy or unsan itary conditions. The recommenda tions are followed up to see that they are enforced. A number of foremen and princi pal workmen are trained in first aid by the plant physician. Most empha sis is placed upon resuscitation meth ods, due to the presence of carbon monoxide in blast furnace operations. Care is exercised in the selection of these men so that properly trained men are available at all times. Since there is an emergency hospital located at the plant, only rudimentary train ing in first aid is given. At designated locations stretchers and gas masks are located for instant use, and it is the duty of one man to inspect and keep them in working condition. Good . suggestions and the develop ment of safety in any form are en couraged and commended. Unsafe practices, carelessness and disobe dience of safety rules are reprimanded and penalized. If a man through his own gross carelessness or negligence is injured, he is penalized. If a man is injured due to a fellow workman disregarding safety, this fellow work man is penalized. If a man is injured, and upon investigation it is found he has been an habitual disregarder of safety rules, and that the group of men within which he works has been cognizant of this and yet has allowed (Continued on page 63) oo A'ATIOXAL SAFETY t\fElV$ 95,086 Accidental Deaths in 1928 Revised Figures Place Motor Vehicle Fatalities at 27,966; Other Accidental Deaths Show Slight Decline By R. L. FORNEY Statistician, National Safety Council FINAL figures for 1928, just released by the United States Census Bureau, show that acci dents took 2,008 more lives in that Deaths By Accident United States 1924&I926 year than in 1927. The total figure of 95,086 95,086 represented a 2.1 per cent in crease over the 93,078 deaths in the previous year. Automobile deaths featured the year's accident experience. Acci dental deaths where motor vehicles were involved exceeded those of 1927 by 2,115. The grand total of 27,966 deaths in motor vehicle accidents was an 8 per cent increase over 1927, when 25,851 persons were killed. A comparison of these figures in dicates that deaths in accidents other than those involving motor vehicles actually were 107 less in 1928 than in the previous year. Consideration of the increase in population brings out several of these All Accidents Motor Vehicle Accidents points in even sharper relief. Deaths per 100,000 population in all types of accidents increased from 78.4 in 1927 to 79.2 in 1928. This is an increase of .8 per 100,000 population. The death rate from automobile accidents (ex cluding collisions of automobiles with railroad trains) however, increased from 19.5 per 100,000 population to 20.8 per 100,000 population. It is evident, therefore, that the death rate from other than automobile accidents declined .5 per 100,000 population in 1928. All of these figures are in close cor respondence with estimates prepared by the National Safety Council from state health department data early in 1929. On the basis of 22 state re ports total accidental deaths in 1928 were then estimated at approximately 96,000--less than 1 per cent above the final figure above quoted. The Coun cil's estimate of 27,500 on automobile tional Automobile Chamber of Com merce has reported only a 6 per cent increase in motor vehicle registration. This excess was sufficient to raise the rate of deaths per 100,000 registration from 100.2 in 1927 to 101.7"in 1928. This is the highest death rate from automobile accidents (excluding col lision of automobiles with heavier vehicles) registered since 1923, when the rate was 108.5. The cause of 1928 accidental deaths most closely approaching automobiles was falls. Sixteen thousand eight hundred and ninety three persons were killed in this way in 1928. contrasted to 16,596 in 1927. Accidental drown ing showed one of the most important increases, 8,421 persons meeting death in this way in 1928, compared with 7,991 in 1927. Mine and machinery deaths, based on 41 state reports, was, accidents both showed slight decreases on the other hand, slightly low. The over 1927, whereas deaths from acci difference of 463 deaths, however, rep dental shooting showed no change. resented only 1.5 per cent of the total Excluding collisions of automobiles number that really occurred. with heavier vehicles, the death rate Deaths Per 100,000 Cars Increase per 100,000 population for automobiles In contrast to the 8 per cent increase now shows an increase from 15.7 in in motor vehicle deaths in 1928 the Na- 1924 to 20.8 in 1928. This is almost a one-third increase in the short space of five years. The numerical increase in this period has been 7,365 annually. For all types of accidents the death rate per 100,000 population has now shown an increase from 76.4 in 1924 to 79.2 in 1928, a 4 per cent increase in the rate. The numerical increase has been almost 10,000 deaths annually. Among the various states, California has by far the highest automobile death rate per 100,000 population, 38.5. In only one other state out of the 44 on which the United States Census Bureau now obtains data, was the rate as high as 30. This was Delaware with a rate of 30.7, indicating an in crease of more than 50 per cent in five years. The lowest rate per 100,000 population was reported for Arkansas --10.9, Other states with rates below 15 per 100,000 population were Ala bama, Georgia, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, Mississippi, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Carolina. It will be noted that most of these states are in areas with comparatively low- motor vehicle registration. The combined automobile death rate per 100,000 population for 68 large cities is also finallv given as 24.0 for 1928, in contrast 'with 23.0 in 1927. This increase of 1.0 per 100,000 popu lation is in contrast to the increase of 1.3 for the entire country, includ ing these cities. Among the larger cities may be mentioned Chicago with an increase in death rates from 25.1 in 1927 to 28.0 in 1928; and Detroit with a decrease from 30.2 to 26.1. The above figures reveal that automobiles caused 29 per cent ot' all accidental deaths in 1928. Every indication is that this percentage will be larger in 1929. Current monthly reports to the National Safety Council now indicate a 7.5 per cent increase in motor vehicle deaths in 1929 as compared with 1928. Unless this in dication is materially changed by state health department reports which will be received early in January, the motor vehicle toll in 1929 will exceed 30,000 deaths. /(Wintry, !9,ty 23 They Got Results from the Start The first ten months of organized safety work con vinced Transue & Williams Steel Forging Corporation that preventing accidents was both practicable and profitable MTTOW long does it take to t"| show worth-while results?" This is a question frequent ly asked bv companies considering the establishment of organized safe ty work and by men who have found themselves confronted with task of organizing the accident prevention work of a company. It ranks sec ond in importance to "How much will it cost?" Obviously, too many factors enter into the problem to permit a definite answer. The rapidity of progress in accident prevention will depend up on the energy behind the campaign, the selection of a program fitted to the company and its personnel, and the amount of executive support ob tained. Some companies make two or three wrong starts before finding the most effective procedure but most of them can point to substan tial progress before the end of the first year of organized effort. Toward the end of 1928 the Tran sue and Williams Steel Forging Corporation at Alliance, Ohio, with an average force of 900 employees, decided that there was room for con A neat yard and a factory building with good natural lighting and ventilation. siderable improvement in the acci dent situation and determined to start the new year right with an in tensive campaign for fewer acci dents. E. G. Stahl, personnel man ager for the company, was con vinced that it could be done and the executives of the company caught his enthusiasm. He had their sup port from the start. The first step was an analysis of the 1928 accident experience. This revealed the weak spots and pointed out a definite course of action. The next step was a meeting of the fore men, addressed bv the president and the works manager, and the support of the supervisory force was as sured. Departmental safety com mittees were organized and semi monthly meetings were arranged as part of the program. It then became evident that out side assistance would be extremely valuable in furnishing the experi ence of other companies and in pro viding a supply of educational mate rial to keep the organization from growing stale for lack of ideas. A membership in the National Safety Council was taken out and its serv ices put to work. Bulletin boards were erected throughout the plant and the posters were changed twice a week. A sug gestion system was started, and all Traffic guide lines facilitate safe trucking in the plant. Right', .in orderly shop with a well-arranged battery of shapers. 2i NATIONAL SAFETY NEll'S Fite foreman, safety director and departmental safety committee conducting ait inves tigation at the scene of an accident. practical suggestions, whether for safety or production, are rewarded in proportion to their merit, A survey of the shop was made and an extensive program of safe guarding began. Trimming, punch ing, and other types of power press es were equipped with up-to-date guards, and along with the guarding there was increased effort in train ing men in safer methods of work. The foremen have taken hold of the job of training employees in the right spirit and carry on the work begun in the employment office when a man is hired.. Early in the campaign it became evident that there was room for im provement in the plant housekeep ing. Painting the aisles with white lines helped to improve conditions, and as a further incentive, the de partment with the reputation of be ing the dirtiest in the plant was plac arded with a large sign. This method is open to the criticism of being negative, but it worked. Within two months housekeeping throughout the plant showed an as tonishing improvement. Eve accidents had figured promi nently in the previous accident ex perience and Mr. Stahl became con vinced that the way to eliminate them was to make the wearing of goggles universal and compulsory. Executive support again proved val uable in overcoming objections. Eye injuries dropped 90 per cent during the first nine months of 1929, and six shattered goggle lenses told the story of six eyes saved. These were displayed on the bulletin board with the stories and this publicity has lessened the amount of super vision needed in making men wear goggles. Monthly safety meetings for em ployees have been helpful in main taining interest. Usually an outside speaker is present to give the audi ence a fresh point of view on acci dent prevention. Discussions of ac cidents form part of the program at each meeting, and along with causes and methods of prevention, empha sis is placed on the cost of accidents to the company, to the injured em ployee, and to his family. Dinners devoted to safety and good fellowship are held every four months. At these meetings it is cus tomary for either the president or the works manager to preside and IVhen the ram of the press descends the operator's hands are putted hack from the danger sane. the program invariably includes en tertainment as well as business. A fully equipped hospital is main tained at the plant with a physician and two trained nurses in charge. Recently the company started first aid courses, enrolling the foremen and two men from each department. Special emphasis in the training is placed on the prone pressure meth od of resuscitation. The outstanding result of the first ten months of organized safety work was decrease of 81 per cent in the number of lost-time accidents from the record of the previous year. Ac cident prevention the plant is no longer an experiment; it has estab lished a definite place in the organi zation. Commenting on the results of the first year, Mr. Stahl says: "The money spent in guarding machinery and in conducting other features of this accident prevention program has been saved many times over." Railroads Spend Millions for Safer Equipment THE Class 1 railroads of the United States invested $194,903,`;!51 in 1928 for improvements which increase safety, according to an ana lysis just completed by the Bureau of Railway Economics and published in Railroad Data. lore than $56,000,000 was spent in the installation of heavier rails, there by providing greater comfort and safety of operation; more than $32,000,000 was invested in steel pas senger-train cars; and approximately $31,000,000 was spent for the protec tion or elimination of highway grade crossings. The following table summarizes some of the major expenditures made by the railroads during 1928 which provide greater safety in the transpor tation of both freight and passengers: Automatic Tram Control and Cab Signal Automatic Block Signals,............................. 10,528,102 Interlocking Hants............................. 5,501,010 Protection or Elimination of Highway tirade Crossings.......................................... 30,809,416 Additional Main Track,................................ ,, 17,306,h0K Passing Track.............. 6,461,896 improvements tn Snitching Yards........... 19,489,958 Replacement of Wooden Bridges and Trestles with Permanent Concrete or Steel .Structure*.......................................... IQ 764,955 Heavier Rail........ ................. 56,990,037 Steel Passenger-Train Cars......................... 32,377,329 In every phase of operation the rail roads have taken steps to eliminate hazards and lower risks of any haz ards that are unavoidable. Within the last ten years the number of fatalities on railway property, owing to condi tions within railroad control, has been reduced 61 per cent. January, lOJO 25 Foot-Candles and Casualties Hazards Lurk in the Shadows of the Dimly Lighted Factory By S. A. HEMAN /Humiliating Engineering Bureau, Westingbouse Electric & Manufacturing Company OXE of the greatest factors con tributing to man's safety is his sense of sight. It is this sense that he uses to protect himself whether at play or work; in fact, his actions from the time of arising to retiring are largely governed by what he sees. Since man is so de pendent upon this sense, good illumi nation is essential to enable this sense to function properly. The average man thinks little about the energy expended merely in seeing things and no doubt is sur prised to learn from specialists that 25 per cent of his bodily energy is consumed by the sense of sight-- assuming that he has normal eyes and is provided with adequate illu mination. Individuals afflicted with poor eyesight expend even more energy, while inadequate lighting imposes a still greater burden. Adults use the sense of sight on an average of 16 hours a day, giving rise to 70 per cent of the muscular activities. Eight hours of this are spent in concentrated effort at the work shop where the best lighting possible, whether natural or arti ficial, should be provided. Consid ering the above statements, the im portance of good illumination from a safety- standpoint is at once ap parent in: L The elimination of the more or less exhausted type of fatigue resulting in, fa) The avoidance of accidents caused indirectly by effect of fatigue on the eye or retinal fatigue. fb) The avoidance of accidents caused by laxity in operation due to the general or muscular fatigue. 2, fa) The elimination of accidents as a direct result from one of the common defects of poor lighting such as stumbling over an object hidden by shadow. The constituents of good lighting and an explanation of their bearing on safety are as follows; 1. Sufficient illumination on all planes of work-. This qualification is governed by the amount of light re quired for quick and easy vision. If a workman has insufficient illumi nation the results are a slow and faulty performance; hidden accident STANDARDS OF ILLUMINATION Type of Work Minimum illumination Required by Code oi Illumination Necessary Lighting for Factor for Efficient Factory ies, Mills and other Operation. Work Places f foot-candles) (foot-candles) Storage spaces ................... .................................. Where discrimination of detail is not essential, as hallways and handling coarse material____ ___ Where slight discrimination of detail is essential, as moving machinery and rough machinery..... Where moderate discrimination of detail is essen tial, as machinery and assembly work.............. Where close discrimination of detail is essential, as tool making and office working...................... Where discrimination of minute detail is essential, as sewing dark colored material and drafting.... 0.25 0.5 0.1 o ;i 3 1 to 2 2 to 5 5 to 10 10 to 15 15 to 20 20 and upward XAT10X.IL SAFBTV XElfS 26 hazards with insufficient time to avoid them, and a possibility of eventually developing- permanent eve defects. If, on the other hand, plenty of light is provided, he sees objects whether moving or station ary and recognizes their details or characteristics at once. Moving ob jects require more illumination than stationary objects. The accompanying table shows a synopsis of illumination intensities required by state codes and com parative values considered as good lighting practice. 2. A well diffused light with a minimum of direct or reflected glare. The avoidance of glare can not be stressed too strongl}'. Bright sources or reflections in the field of vison temporarily blind the worker and may cause him to walk into moving ma chinery, stumble over unseen ob structions or encounter other haz ards. Permanent eye defects may also result. Glare is often mistaken for illumi nation. The fact that an interior to all appearances may seem to be brightly lighted is no criterion of the amount of effective light on the plane of work. The correct way to tell whether an interior is adequately illuminated is to take illumination measurements at the locations where work is done and compare them with that required by modern light ing practice. Sometimes it is a case of havi..g plenty of illumination but accom panied by glare. In this case, the eye functions to reduce the glare en S4SONfiL WRMtON OF F/nHL FCCIDitiTS MOF FCC/DF/1TS MHF/Y DFYUSrHT /S /YiFDFQi/FTF tering into it, but in doing so, min imizes the effect of the illumination. 3. A uniform distribution of light with no objectionable shadows or harsh contrasts. Shadowed areas conceal hazards and pave the way for accidents. Heavily shaded areas are caused by improper positions of lighting units and the employment of improper or obsolete reflecting equipment. Illu mination is said to be uniform when the minimum intensity, usually mid way between luminaries. With uni form illumination prevailing, equally good vision is obtained in any loca tion or position as in well-distributed daylight and consequently permits machines or benches to be moved about at will without creating shad ows on the work. "Insufficient and improperly ap plied illumination is a prolific cause of industrial accidents.* In the past few years numerous investigators studying the causes of accidents have found that the accident rate in plants with poor lighting is higher than similar plants which are well illuminated. Factories which have installed improved lighting have ex perienced reductions in their acci dents which are very gratifying. "Of even greater importance, poor lighting impairs vision. Because diminution of eyesight from this cause is gradual, it may take the in dividual years to become aware of it. This makes it all the more im portant to guard against the insid ious effects of dim illumination, of glaring light sources shining in the eyes, of flickering light, of sharp shadows, or glare reflected from poi- From the preface to the Wisconsin Industrial Lighting Code. January, 1920 or ished parts of the work. To con serve the eyesight of the working class is a distinct economic gain to Character and the Car the state, but regardless of that, hu manitarian considerations demand it. "Finally, inadequate illumination By WILLIAM COLE Chief of Highway Patrol, State of Washington decreases the production of the in dustries of the state and to that ex tent the wealth of its people. Fac tory managers who have installed The automobile is a devel oper as well as a revealer the faulty drivers? First in this class are the absent minded, the mental wanderers, who properly fall improved illumination are unani i of character. In becoming a into two divisions, the periodical mous in the conviction that better safe driver a man acquires and the habitual. Those of the first lighting increases production and decreases spoilage." important qualities class should absent themselves vol untarily from behind the steering Figures 1 and 2 show a structural wheel during those periods when steel plant with improper and proper illumination respectively. One pic ture shows a shop which violates every principle of industrial lighting --insufficient illumination, heavy shadows, glare from bare lamps, and generally poor working conditions. The other presents a cheerfully lighted interior with all the advant ages of good lighting. With lighting conditions as shown in Figure 2, con ditions are favorable for reducing the number of accidents to a min imum. Figures 3 and 4 -show the illu mination of a textile mill. The first of these employs a system of local lighting only. The effects are a gen eral darkened room with a relative ly small bright spot at each ma chine. This condition results in eye fatigue caused by the iris constantly changing to regulate the amount of light entering- the eye. In addition, the aisles are dark, increasing the danger of stumbling. The sides of the machines are also dark, hiding from view some of their moving parts which might result in an accident when an operator is making a ma chine adjustment. Figure 4 shows the same room provided with an ad equate system of illumination. This, installation provides plenty of well diffused and distributed illumina tion which is essential in a pleasant and safe working place. Figure 5 shows that the greatest number of accidents occur during the months when there is the least daylight. This seems to indicate that, despite the great advances in artificial lighting systems, too few companies have taken advantage of modern equipment. Various esti mates definitely indicate that of all industrial accidents, 15 to 20 per cent are due to inadequate lighting. On this basis approximately 100,000 workers are continually out of work owing to disability suffered primar ily through defective lighting. As suming the economic loss as $1,500 per person annually, the total loss to the nation is 150 million dollars caused by their idleness. NyscdmohtleaouasbnriatlEehcelyscaxi,VsutpnedcEfrcroeheidaRssrpirtssi.icaaiccwotnoeWnamvdissehaoinrinetfnhs'htscehttuhrthrehutmerraremouraugeatenhwigcvnetasheeteoydnrlrftofhhaotmesioedsriinthvmchmaiatonehanneneentautocmesitftnhrhieidoagaeecemtnnyoye.sndtaldboatrhebeusetcyghhoaheormdnteuerbealilaruvdlytsiginzovienuigerneliisgmlstucsyolnipanroisranoosffttrf,peeideonoirnnsittrvhdiviotiesonibnom,leganubs.slneeetTlflsavfoiomuherryeries dium of the steering wheel, as it is Then there are the mentally in written daily on the concrete. Statistics, to which we must al ways resort nowadays if our state ments are to be taken seriously, of competent, whose brains cannot be depended upon to react consistently to circumstances. In the elimination of this class of driver is found one of the greatest problems of traffic fer us the pleasing testimonial that 35 per cent of the drivers in the state of Washington are self-reliant, safe, and desirable. Such an en couraging report as this would lead us to believe that the automobile is a developer, as well as a revealer, of character; certainly the effort a man expends in an honest struggle to become proficient in handling a departments and police courts. Within this same undesirable 15 per cent are those afflicted with carelessness, a trait commonly at tributed to the young. There are. however, many older men and women in this careless class; while among our young people we often find a degree of judgment and self control far beyond our expectations. car upon highways and through try Some drivers are habitually care ing and constantly changing traffic less, while others lapse only occa reveals itself in his business and sionally into carelessness. When a social life. The evolution of a good driver feels fatigue, or other factors driver from a poor one cannot but contributing to fatigue, carrying make a man a better, safer husband, him into dangerous indifference, he father, and business associate; can should quit the wheel until the not but make a woman stronger and cause is removed and until mind more self-reliant in the home and and body can coordinate for the in the social sphere. safety of himself and others. To become a good driver demands undivided attention, while driving, to the things connected with han dling an automobile. A good driver must bring his physical self to per form, at exactly the right time, and in the proper manner, the things his mental processes have indicated are necessary. In other words, he must bring his mental and physical selves into perfect coordination. Only then can he be sure of him self. Only then will it be possible for him to form the habit of doing the right thing at the right moment. Perhaps these are the good driv er's chief characteristics: applica tion, concentration, decision, self confidence, self reliance, and perfec tion of judgment. But what of the other 15 per cent, Always present in some degree in our 15 per cent is the criminal class. Some of its members are for ever engaged in pursuits contrary to the law and are resentful of any in terference or delay while they are upon the highway. Some are merely temporarily engaged in some act which is on the shady side of the law; hence they are temporarily dangerous, because they are un mindful of the rights of others. Still others are thorough criminals, wel coming any opportunity to endanger life or property and suffer no con sequences. It is the problem of society in general, and of courts, traffic de partments, enforcement organiza tions, and welfare societies in par ticular, to reduce this dangerous 15 per cent. is X.ITiny.U. SAFETY Mill's THE Safetyo^; Exchange Everybody's Page The Safety Exchange is a round table in print. It is a medium for the exchange of ideas that have proved helpful in accident prevention. If you have developed some useful device or method, send in a description, with sketch, blueprint or photograph if possible. Comments and criticisms regarding devices described on these pages are invited. mechanism is of substantial as well as convenient design. THERE IS A REAL POINT TO THIS KINK All sorts of remedies have been sug gested as a means of overcoming the haz ard of desk spike files, but one of the most practical ot all is that shown in the accompanying illustration furnished by the Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, .V. Y. It simply calls for the use of a wire basket, a wooden tray and a paper weight. What could be simpler? No need for the dangerous spike at all. HERE IS A OUICKLY REMOV ABLE COTTER PIN Here is a quickly removable cotter pin, which is useful in places where a pin must frequently be removed from a tion, it suggests a way of taking care of extraordinary conditions where a quickly removable cotter pin is needed and where safety depends upon the cotter nm staying in place while machinery is m operation. The illustration, supplied bv E. Gunderson, jr., Humboldt, fa,, is from Popular Mechanics, THIS GUARD DROPS DOWN OVER THE SAW SAFETY KINK IN RAILING CON STRUCTION A 3x3 or 4x4 top rail of a wooden railing can easily be placed in such a position that all temptation to sit on it will he eliminated. All that has to be done is to turn it so that one of the sharp edges is at the top. This kink is also useful in places where it is neces sary to avoid accumulations ..if hazard ous dusts, for dust will not pile up on the sloping sides of the rail. Further more, there is no inviting horizontal sur face on which to place tools and other articles which might roll off and fall to lower levels where men might be at work. Angle iron railings are of such shape that they can be constructed in a similar manner. TAKING THAT EXTRA DROP OUT OF THE DROP HAMMER A drop hammer safety device, which was designed by the National Malleable Castings Company some years ago. still has a wide held of usefulness. It con sists of a heavy vertical spindle mounted in bearings on the hammer frame. It carries an equally heavy dog which, by a series of levers and a connection to the overhead mechanism, swings into position under the hammer when in the raised position thus preventing it from dropping more than one drop with one release of the treadle. clevis for adjustment. A coil spring with one end straightened is slipped over the clevis, and the far end is rested against a washer placed between the clevis and locknut. When the pin is removed the coil spring is pulled back out of the cotter pin hole. While this device does not have general applica An ingenious cut-off saw guard, which drops down over the saw when the saw is pulled forward into the wood, has been developed by the Gould Manufac turing Company, at Oshkosh, Wis. A counter weight in an out of the way place behind the saw pulls the guard back into a raised position when the operator lets the saw back into the main, stationary housing. Et will be no ticed, upon careful examination of the illustration, that the details of construc tion are quite simple and the entire (Iint.iry. PROTECTION FOR THE MINERS RIDING SHAFTS Here t< an mtere-tmg group picture made at the ha-tern mine of the Ka-tern Le.nl tv tint t ompnnv It -howthe ran ami Imur bail and nnnnett eniphned .in thi- company'- properties to protect the men. X-ue p.irticularlv the bminett uiucli tv ill tend ..it tailing ob ject* while men are ding the -hart. 2-1 The hooker is wearing an army type helmet generally used by hookers and bumpers on this property. EVER HEAR OF THIS WAY TO TEST CHAINS? To detect deep but imperceptible cracks or similar Haws in chain links or hooks, soak them thoroughly in some light oil long enough to permit the oil to soak into any open spaces; then wipe off all traces of the oil on the surface. After this has been done coat the entire link or hook with whiting. After the whiting has dried the oil will begin to appear through it wherever there are deep-seated Haws having surface open ings. :tniedy. The device consists merely of ; pptving specially cut wood blocks, which may be termed, tor convenience, 'frog guards," This simple remedy was found in the early history of the safety movement. Imt it is astonishing how frequently it is neglected today. RUBBER PROTECTION FOR HANDS ON SLING CABLES To save the hands from puncture wounds caused liy loose ends of wire bridle splices, il. McCombe, gearman tor the North Coast Stevedoring Co., ret about to And something that would protect and at the -ante time give service commensurate with cost. Second-hand multi-ply steam or air hose seemed fitted tor the purpose. A -ingle -et of bridles served with a good grade of hose will last irom is months (o two years. The hose is pulled on over (lie splice with block and tackle. The splice is prepared by snipping the wires from '> inch to inch long and then turning hack with pliers toward the hook. After filling the wire with cup-grease the hose is forced down over the splice with great force, The bent wires prevent it from slipping back. The accompanying picture is supplied by M. E. ArkiUs, Waterfront Employers Assn., Seattle. BLOCK AND WEDGE FASTENING FOR SLUSHER CABLE THIS OLD SAFETY DEVICE IS OFTEN OVERLOOKED in spite of well-known and easy methods of protecting the dangerous frogs and switchpoints in car tracks, many accidents are still caused when feet are caught and gripped with a vicelike hold. Here are two pictures show ing a danger point in a mine "before" and "after'' installing an old and simple This picture illustrates safety features in the loading and unloading platforms used by T, Hogan & Sons, fnc., at the docks in Xew York City. The net ar rangement is made of stout rope. It pro tects the workmen from slipping into the water, also the freight, and the guarding cables are flexible enough not to be dam aged by the draft. This picture is shown through the cour tesy of the Castile Mining Company, Ram say, Mich. The block consists of a sixinch cast iron sheave, running on a oneinch pin, all mounted in a three-eighthsinch plate frame, so constructed that the guards which extend out prevent men's lin gers from being caught in the sheave. The wedge consists of a two-inch round iron, split diagonally. These wedges are driven into short holes drilled in breast or side, one-halt of the wedge being driven on the other half to tighten, and the operation reversed to extract, the wedge. :10 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS or pull cords in connection with machine controls and there are few drill presses so constructed that it would not be pos sible to give the operators quick control mechanisms conveniently located so that they could shut off the power without assistance should either of their shirt sleeves become caught in the drills. Photographs and drawings of such home-made devices will be most wel come for publication in these columns. HERE IS SOMETHING DIFFERENT IN CHAIN GUARDS Here is a chain guard of unique con struction which was developed by the Oliver Iron Mining Company, Eveleth, HOW FINGERS ARE KEPT OUT OF ELEVATOR DOORS Bv the addition of ordinary strap han dles to the elevator door control levers, it was found that accidents were reduced noticeably in the Saginaw plant of The Columbia Mills. The strap handles elim inated the danger of the elevator oper ators having their fingers crushed be tween the vertical sliding doors as they came together. Thus it often requires only a very simple device to prevent nasty accidents. ADJUST THE GANG PLANK TO VARIOUS SPACES Many gang planks have been planned to fit securely certain spaces between the dropped as necessary to adjust the plank to any reasonable opening. THIS FORK WILL OFTEN SAVE THE FINGERS Minn., to afford protection against flying material when performing cutting opera tions with a steam forging hammer. Chain links have been so connected to gether that they form an effective screen, and the large rings fastened at the top make it possible to remove it from the supporting rod and replace it with ease. What could be simpler in design than this tuning-fork shaped tool, which is used by the Pettibone-Mulliken Com pany to handle steei rail sections? ft takes no stretch of the imagination to picture its value in the prevention of in juries to the men who have to move the rails around day after day. AN EXAMPLE OF SUBSTANTIAL GUARD SUPPORT Here is a rear view of a circular saw guard employed by the American Radi ator Company, which will be of special interest to those who have been looking for a substantial way of supporting a rip saw guard. The main member of the support consists simply of a piece of channel iron bent to shape and bolted to the sides of the table. car and loading platform; but now and then when this same gang plank must be shifted to an unfamiliar location it docs not always lit the new conditions. Here is a gang plank of adjustable type devised by the Norfolk & Western Railroad which seems to insure a secure footing almost anywhere. The idea provides for a series of holes drilled along either side of the iron gang plank, into which bolts may be ACCESSIBLE CONTROLS NEEDED ON DRILL PRESSES If you have ever operated a drill press you can picture well what might happen if your left sleeve became caught in the drill and you were unable to reach the belt shifter or clutch lever. Many of these machines, especially the older imes, have the control levers in a rather remote position back of the table where they are awkward to reach in an emer gency. There are numerous ways of providing extension levers and handles January, 1930 CHUTE AND DIAL FEED FOR POWER PRESS The advent of dial feeds for power press operations marked a tremendous stride forward in safety. However, the combination of chute and dial shown in this illustration not only keeps the op erator's hands out of danger but prac tically makes it unnecessary for anyone to work at the machine continuously. All that is necessary is for the operator, who may be attending several such presses, to till the feed hopper with parts 31 as required. Unfortunately, the origin of the photograph has been lost track of; but it will be quite obvious to power press designers and mechanics how such a combination of devices can be made to function for certain kinds of power press work. BULLETIN BOARDS ARE MOVED ABOUT THE PLANT Big safety bulletins that can be readily seen and also be moved about have been provided for in a scheme worked out in the plant of the Ohio Oil Company by George W. Bell, industrial relations de partment. Two three-inch pipes are erected six feet apart and are connected with two three-quarter inch tie rods. Sev eral such set-ups are placed at various points on the property. Then bulletin boards are made of one-inch pine and on these boards are painted various effective safety slogans. These boards are provid ed with hooks so that they may be hung on the tie rods between the posts. The boards are rotated at intervals, and after a board has made the rounds it is re painted with a new siogan and again car ries its message to the crews. THESE SLING HOOKS DON'T SLIP OUT OF POSITION The homemade hooks illustrated in the accompanying picture are, in reality, clamps and are used by the Oliver Iron Mining Company, Eveleth, Minnesota, for handling steel plates with crane slings. The approximate dimensions of the hooks illustrated are shown in the picture. However, they can, of course, be made in different sizes for various needs. A SPECIAL SAFETY DEVICE FOR A SPECIAL PURPOSE This is a combination jig and saw guard, devised by a safety committeeman of the American Seating Company, Grand Rapids, to lessen the hazards of the mitre saw. The illustration shows clearly the guard which extends over the top of the saw. It likewise shows how the wood is gauged and fed into the saw. However, the operation of the spring hinged gate in the foreround is not quite so obvious. As the wood goes through the saw this gate swings to one side to let it pass, hut as soon as the wood has passed through it swings back into its original position to prevent the loose blocks from working around into a position in front of the saw, where they would be annoy ing to the operator and cause him to reach close Jto the saw with his hands to remove them. The guard is shown in use on a titlted table, but is, of course, ef fective also on a horizontal table. TEMPORARY TENT PROTECTS PEDESTRIANS 1Q0 X SAFETY '-'-hi' Zi *. s* rtQRK, a* r ,? -3 iVMIL. To guard persons on the sidewalk from flying fragments ut iron, workmen em ployed on lamp-post standards in Phila delphia rigged a canvas tent, about eight feet in diameter, to the pole on which they were working. The illustration is rom_ Popular Mechanics. Light was not interfered with, and the long low-hanging side gave ample protection tor pedestrians during an extensive overhauling contract. The work was further expedited bv a special platform made in two half circles. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS LEADERSHIP MAN is moving forward much faster and in a mightier way today than ever before. As the world progresses, new hazards come into being. It has fallen to us, as leaders in the Safety Equipment Move ment, to cast an "eagle eye" and be ever alert to these fast-chang ing conditions. Who would have been so bold a quarter of a century ago as to predict that in 1929, there would be nearly one hundred thousand fatal accidents, more than onefourth of them due to traffic problems? In the mining field, particularly in the metal group, head injuries, due to falling materials, present a hazard for serious consideration. So, today, on page 33 of this magazine, we announce The M-S-A Protective Hat and Bet ter Head Protection. In each succeeding issue of this magazine, we shall announce a New or Improved M-S-A Prod uct--the result of research and development by M-S-A Safety Engineers. Knowing your own job is just half the game. Know what's new in Safety Equipment Look to M-S-A for Leadership. Read Our Advertisements! ^Afine Safety Appliances Co. Braddock, Thomas and Meade, Pittsburgh, Pa. 'EVERYTHING FOR MINE AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY When writing advertisers, flcase mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Jmitntiy, S'K'H Better Head Protection! ----- A DURABLE, Molded Safety Helmet, Without Seams AND ABSOLUTELY WATERPROOF 33 The result of two years research and develop ment in our experimental laboratories--a product of M'S'A Safety Engineers The M-S-A PROTECTIVE HAT Prevents Head Injuries from Falling Materials Miners, quarrymen, firemen, construction men and industrial workmen welcome The M-S-A Protective Hat___ durable, light, well ventilated and sturdy .... strong enough to withstand severe blows .... made of a non-conducting material without exposed metal parts___ waterproof and acid resisting .... the sweatproof headband is padded .... IT IS COMFORTABLE TO WEAR. MANUFACTURED IN STANDARD HAT SIZES WRITE FOR PARTICULARS ___ _________________ _____________________ _J_fin--e- Sa--fet_y__iw Applia__n_ces__Co. Braddock, Thomas and Meade, Pittsburqh, Pa. "EVERYTHING FOR MINE AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY" (('hen writing advertisers, />tease mention NATIONAL SAFETY S'Eli'S 34 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Health in the Plant By C. O. SAPPINGTON, M. D., Dr. P. H. Director, Division of Industrial Health, National Safety Council HEALTH is one of the great as sets in modern business life. Like the water in the well, however, many people do not miss it until it is taken away from them. It must be a peculiar psychologi cal twist that makes people have their watches and automobiles in spected at regular intervals of time, while their bodies receive only sec ond or third-rate consideration, or none at all. "Too many of our citizens," says a famous health authority, "grow up and pass through what has been called a `merry-go-round'." "So George finally died on the poorfarm!" "Yep, without a nickel. You see, he lost his health trying to get wealthy; then he lost his wealth try ing to get healthy." What is health anyway? To some of you it means eating and sleeping at all hours, working from twelve to fourteen hours a day and otherwise abusing your body in a way that you would not treat a machine of any kind and expect it to give good con tinuous service. To others of you, health means the conservation and nurture of all your physical and mental powers--for that is the only way that you can have health. We might mention Dr. Jesse Williams' celebrated definition of this term, "Health is to live most and serve best." Perhaps one could just as well say it, "live best and serve most," for to many successful peo ple real living and serving are large ly synonymous. The Causes of 111 Health There are almost as many differ ences of opinion as to how one may maintain his health as there are peo ple talking about health; which means that someone is not informed correctly. Some of these opinions are amazing, but adhered to very strictly regardless of their unscien tific foundation. For instance, it is still believed in certain quarters that an apple a day will really keep the doctor away; that the pores of the skin breathe, that people breathe in many germs in dusty air; that cel ery is good for the nerves; that fish Before the Foremen's School of the Wheelinar, W. V*., Safety Council. Health and safety super vision are both carried on for the same purpose--pro tection--and the condition of the employees' health may have a direct bearing on accident production. is a brain food; that the hair is full of sap; that pain in the back means kidney disease; that one should not drink water with his meals; and many other examples of beliefs that are seriously and conscientiously cherished. An authority on industrial health classifies the causes of industrial sickness under two different head ings: 1. The personal status or physical health of the individual and his personal hygiene or mode of life. 2. Health hazards in the environment (that is, due to the location on the world's surface), or may be occu pational. There can be little doubt that the mode of life, or the time spent out side of working hours, has a great deal to do with the health of the employee inside the plant. This, of course, is the responsibility of the man himself. There are, however, certain effects about which I wish to speak more in detail, occurring either inside the plant or closely related to it. We will briefly mention these: I. Specific occupational diseases: 1. Poisonings, such as lead, chrom ium, benzol, carbon monoxide, mercury, arsenic, and other types of industrial poisonings. 2. Mechanical irritations, such as those produced by mineral dust which may act as a skin ir ritant, or in some cases produce diseases of the lungs. 3. Friction and tensions, such as callosities, worn teeth, or cer tain bony overgrowths. 4. Fatigue conditions produced by prolonged strains, or where tir ing movements are constantly repeated. 5. Infections, such as anthrax, glanders, machinists' boils, and others. 6. Diseases following injuries, such as infections, deformities, and extensive scar formation. 7. Illumination afflictions, such as glassworker's cataract, inflamed eyes from electric flashes, or the effect of prolonged work in deficient light. S. Temperature disabilities, such as heat stroke, frost bites, and others. 9. Noise deafness, produced espe cially by loud reverberating noises. 10. Atmospheric pressure diseases, such as various forms of com pressed-air illness, sudden con cussions, or effects due to rare faction of the atmosphere, some times seen in aviators. II. Diseases partly occupational, in volving hazards found elsewhere ( such as personal, housing, recre ational, geographical): 1. Respiratory system. 2. Circulatory system. 3. Urogenital system. 4. Alimentary system. 5. Skin. 6. Nerves and muscles. 7. Eye and ear. 8. Bones. 9. Glandular system. 10. Nutrition. III. Occupational health complaints, namely, predisease conditions man ifested by attacks of headaches, sleeplessness, indigestion, constipa tion, diarrhea, aches, pains, numb ness, weakness, cramps, stiffness, tiredness; itching and burning of the skin, colds, coughs, etc, IV. The so-called nonconformities which are aggravated by occupation, such as postural defects; habit or meth od defects which waste energy. Health and Industrial Safety There has been much philo sophical discussion and speculation concerning the distinguishing ele ments of health and safety. If you attempt to separate injury from dis ease and further, to distinguish between occupational and other dis ease, you will appreciate the tre mendous task put upon the courts and the legal profession. Naturally, you will reach the con clusion that there is no well-defined line of cleavage between the two important industrial assets of health and safety. Again, you will realize that where health and safety supervision are carried on, the objective is the same, namely, protection. Where health and safety super vision breaks down, as may some times unfortunately be the case, the January, 1930 35 Davis Gas Masks THE NEW SERIES OF RED-D RUBBER The compounding of rubber has advanced greatly in the last few years. Davis Emergency Equipment Co. brings to mash protection the latest development in Long Life/ Durable Rubber Compounds. All Davis Masks -- whether Canister or Air Line Types--are now made of Red-D Rubber. This puts Davis Masks in a class by themselves. Red-D Rubber has a marked increased ten dency to hold its shape. Its resistance to abrasion means greater wearing qualities. Its aging test shows re markably long life. Type M-O Canister Mask with 2000 cc Canister M-l Type Canister Mask with 650 cc Canister BULLARD-DAVIS INCORPORATED 47 WALL STREET, 275 EIGHTH STREET, NEW YORK CITY SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. Z] Please send me copy of Bulletin SOI describing the new M-l Masks and 650 cc Canisters, ZJ Please send me copy of Bulletin 202 describing the new M-O Masks and 2000 cc Canisters. Please send me copy of Bulletin 301 describing the Air Line Masks. Name....... . ...... Company Address 67 WALL STREET NEW YORK CITY BULLARD-DAVIS INCORPORATED 275 EIGHTH STREET SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. When writing advertisers, please mention XATlOtfAL SAFETY NEWS 56 RATIOS'AL SAl-El'i' S'Ell'S result is also the same, namely, dis ability, reduction of earning power and economic loss both to the em ployee and employer. Fundamentally, then, there are good reasons tor assuming that health and safety should be pro moted together. The condition of the health of the employee may have a direct bearing on accident production in four gen eral ways: i. By the occurrence ot correctable physical detects, which produce a chronic cub-standard condition. Through the incidence of minor ill nesses, which temporarily produce lowered vitality. ;], Because of mental incapacity or maladjustment which endangers good judgment. 4. On account of working environ ment, or because of processes in volving health hazards, or related factors. What Can You Do? The space does not permit of the giving of detailed directions for each individual as to the best way of maintaining health, but at least some fundamental principles can be mentioned: 1. Remember that high living makes for lose vitality. You have a certain amount of energy given to vou--use it discreetly, for when it is finally exhausted, there is no further supply. And use it for the things vou have decided are really worth while. That means to be moderate in all things, food, drink, clothing, work, play and your point of view, ?, Have a hobby. Probably the one thing that keeps men from los ing their mental balance when everything seems to have gone awry, is a tremendouslv interesting and absorbing hobby. If vou are not al ready vitally interested in something outside your regular work, you are missing a great part of your life. Money is but a means to an end-- there are other things worth while in life. If more people had hobbies, there would not be so many cases of nervous breakdown, I. If you would keep youthful, associate with youth, think youthful thoughts and do youthful things, adapted to your age and station, of course. 1. Put your health on a business basis. Lav out a budget for your yearly physical and mental upkeep. Have a periodic health examination on vour birthday each year whether you have any ailment or not, it is How Good Was Your 1929 Accident Record? IF YOU will send your 1929 accident record to the National Safety Coun cil, "Industrial Accident Statistics" 1930 edition, will answer this question. This publication ranks the reporting plants in an industry' on the basis of their ac cident records for the year. It shows the accident situation in your industry in comparison with the situation in other industries. It indicates the progress of industrial safety in the United States. Your accident record will be consid ered strictly confidential. Company names are NOT published. You will be able to identify your company by a key number known only to yourself and the Statistical Bureau of the Coun cil. Forms for reporting accident data were sent you from the Council head quarters in December. Safe Practices Pamphlet No. 21 will assist you in en tering the information. Write the Council for a copy, or for any informa tion you want on reporting methods. Support the activities of your Section and of the Council as a whole by re porting your 1929 accident experience! better to be inspected when sus pected than dissected when infected. You can add years of happiness and efficiency to your life by the correc tion of minor defects before they become serious troubles. He who cures disease renders a great service, but he who prevents it confers a bigger favor. K. C. B. has said many things well: but he has said something so apropos that he should lie quoted here: [ know a man A very wise man In a lot of ways Who is the head And owns the most Of a large concern And works all day And keeps in touch With everything About the place. And there isn't a branch Of the enterprise Or a hit of detail In the whole concern That he doesn't know, And there isn't a job In the whole concern That he couldn't fill. And there isn't a man In his employ Who could step right in And fill his place. And I'll say for him There isn't a man T have ever known Who all the time Keeps closer tab On the little things. And, just as an instance. Let s take his trucks. His auto trucks That come and go the whole day long. He knows them all. And he insists f hat the hired men Who care for them Shad see to it That they shall have just what they need Of oil and grease And everything. And every week of every month, Or whenever it is, They are overhauled, And tightened up So there'll be no fear That they'll break down. And so it is In the shops he has Where machinery is. And there isn't a thing That he can buy Or men can do That isn't bought Or isn't done To get the best From each machine And prolong its life-- And isn't it strange That this same man Who never denies To some machine Or auto truck Whatever it needs To keep it free From jars and jolts. And who sees to it That they shall have care So wheels will run And cogs will fit-- Isn't it strange That this same man Doesn't care at all About the wheels And about the cogs In the human machines That work for him And doesn't care If they have the things That a human needs? To keep these cogs And keep these wheels Running smoothly on. And doesn't worry if one breaks down For he always knows There's another one To take his place. And isn't it strange That the care he gives To his machines .And auto trucks He also denies Unto himself. And never once For vears and years Has he been laid off To He overhauled. And isn't it strange That the world is full of Men like this? ,\nd isn't it strange? I'll smoke all day And sit up late And forget my meals And still I'll oil and clean my Underwood, And feeling tired And all upset I'll sit me down And try to work. I THAN'K YOU. January* W3Q V i Back of these products is a service that works with you American-I a France and Foamite products include every recognized type of fire-fighting equipment-- from small one-quart extinguish ers to automatic systems. They em body 85 years study of the science of fire control, 'today, one or more types of this protection is guarding all kinds of industries against fire...And, in addition,there is an engineering service back of these products designed to work with you. Our Fire Protection En gineers are at your disposal. Under your supervision, they will survey your plant and lav out a complete fire protection plan for you. They will sit in with you when the question of type of equipment comes up. Their advice will be un biased, because of the wide range ofequipment made by the company they represent -- Foamite-SodaAcid--Fire Gun (Carbon tetrachlo ride), ALFITE (Carbon dioxide), Non-Freeze--hand operated and automatic equipment of all types. An engineer will, without obliga tion, come to your plant to discuss fire protection. Write American-La France and Foamite Corporation, Engineers and Manufacturers, Dept. G-23, Elmira, N. Y. American-IaFranceTMFoamite Protection A Complete Engineering Service For Extinguishing Fires ll'lten xeritinn advertisers, l>iease mention XATIOXAL S IFBTY Xild'S 38 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Removing the Hazards of Mechanical Refrigeration By JOEL I. CONNELLEY Chief, Bureau of Sanitary Engineering, Chicago Department of Health THE hazards of mechanical re frigeration have been the subject of much discussion during the past few months. Several deaths and non-fatal injuries have occurred in Chicago, and these accidents have giv en a tremendous impetus toward greatter safety in the use and handling of refrigerants. This article will present the view point of a municipal bureau, a portion of the Department of Health, to which is submitted the problem of protecting the people of the city from a rather newly recognized danger to health and life. I said "health'' first, because us ually a lifetime of impaired health is a far worse fate than the sudden loss of life itself. Because of the fact that progress in health and safety work is so frequently expressed in lowered death rates, the general public, and occasionally we ourselves, perhaps, may overlook the fact that the protec tion of health is as important and as difficult a task as the prevention of unnecessary premature deaths. In stressing health hazards, the Department of Health has never taken an antagonistic attitude toward me chanical refrigeration. On the con trary, the safeguards demanded by pub lic officials should be regarded as a distinct aid to the industry, by helping to eliminate the unscrupulous and careless whose misdeeds react unfav orably upon good and bad alike. Rea sonable and necessary restrictions up on installations of systems and upon the use of toxic refrigerants tend to prevent oppressive and unnecessary measures which might result from hys teria over avoidable accidents, and it has been our purpose to give the pub lic the safety it demands without work ing any hardships upon the business interests in this field. Newer Refrigerants The use of the newer refrigerants has introduced new fire, explosion and health hazards. An interesting com parison of the former two, i.e,, fire and explosion hazards, is afforded by , Before the Chemical Section, Eighteenth Annual Satety Congress, To remove the health haz ard of mechanical refrig eration the amount of re frigerant that can leak into dwellings must be strictly limited and a distinctive odor or irritating property given to it so that ample warning will be provided. the last four lines of Table 1 on page 3 of "Safe Practices Pamphlet No. til," published by the National Safety Council. This shows that the hydro carbons used as refrigerants, namely, ethane, propane and butane, are very combustible and explosive. Larger quantities of ethyl chloride, methyl chloride and ammonia, in the order named, must be present in the air be fore reaching the lower explosion lim it, and the time necessary to develop maximum pressure increases and the maximum explosion pressure de creases in tlje same order. Sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide are, of course, non-combustible. Safety features to guard against ex plosions include safety valves, emer gency blow-off valves to be opened by firemen in care of a conflagration, and vents to conduct the refrigerants to a suitable absorber or location outside the building. These facts have been well known for years. Other facts, not so well known be fore, have been emphasized bv recent accidents. Ten deaths occurred in Chi cago from the escape of a refrigerant said to have been deliberately chosen bv some manufacturers because avail able information then indicated that it was less toxic than others. The fallacy in making this choice was in confusing toxicity and danger. Thus the less toxic material was actually proven in use to be more dangerous, because it lacked a warning property. Methvl chloride is the substance that caused the deaths. These systems were of the multiple-unit tvpe, which, of course, contain manv times the quan tity of refrigerant that is used in the ordinary individual outfit, and this fea ture increased the hazard of these sys tems as then constructed. The writer entered a room in which three persons had just died from breathing this gas, escaping from the refrigerator, and even with the spec tacle of the dead bodies before his eyes, there was no fear of death im parted by the odor of the gas. The real danger lies not so much in highly toxic refrigerants which drive one quickly from the room because of their irritating effects on eyes or mucous membranes in nose and throat, hut rather in non-irritating, and especially in anaesthetic, types of substances, from which the exposed person nor mally makes no attempt to escape. In an effort to allay the public ap prehension caused by the newspaper publicity given to the recent tragedies, comparisons have been made with nonsuicidal illuminating gas deaths, the number of the latter being higher than those from refrigerants. On the other hand, the number of people exposed to possible leakage of illuminating gas was much greater. An analysis of causes shows that most of the lat ter were due to accidental opening of the gas cocks, or the extinguishing of the flame by wind, boiling over of cook ing vessels, and similar causes, and that verv few were due to leaks in the pipes. Causes of Leakage The causes of leakage of refriger ants have usually been found to be de fective joints in piping and poor con nections to the evaporators. Since long exposure to a small leak of methyl chloride, and possiblv to others, is more dangerous to life than a brief exposure to larger concentrations, great care must be exercised to pre vent even small leaks into dwellings. A hazard that may be tolerated in a fac tory or workshop mav be intolerable in the home, for it is at home that mankind expects to recuperate from exposure to the dangers and fatigue of his work. Small children are pre vented by law from going to work, on (Continued on Pane 07) January, 1930 39 When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 40 xatiokai, safety ,var\; Ten Years of Safety Work on American Railroads By THOMAS H. CARROW Superintendent of Safety. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company THE total number of persons ac cidentally killed yearly on Amer The lives of thousands of | ican railroads from all causes dropped from 9,286 in 1918 to 6,678 in 1928, making a reduction of 28 per cent. In passengers, trespassers employees and have been saved | ' juries from all causes fell off from since 1918 through organ- j 1.74,545 to 83,570 in the same period, ized safety work on Ameri- j of 31 per cent. These figures include can Railroads. highway crossing accidents and tres passing accidents over which the rail roads have no control but which make In 1928, 2,568 persons were killed up three-quarters of all fatal injuries. and 6,666 were injured at railroad The number of passengers killed in highway crossings, representing a train accidents in 1928 was only HI as numerical increase of 59 per cent in compared with Slit in 1918, making a fatal injuries and 42 per cent in non- reduction of 94 per cent in ten years, fatal injuries compared with 1018. Of from which it is plain to be seen that the hazard of travel on American rail roads is quite negligible. In fact, only one passenger was killed in train ac cidents in 1028 for every fifty million all the accidents that occur on railroad property, there are none which are more directly attributable to negli gence, often of a criminal nature, than railroad crossing accidents. passengers carried on railroad trains. Notwithstanding this progress, how ever, the railroads are still further im proving their equipment and signaling systems and are constantly tightening up on the enforcement of rules and regulations to insure greater safety. In nearly every such accident, the cause is found to be careless or reck less driving of automobiles when aporoaching or running over railroad tracks. But, as bad as the crossing ac cident record is, no other class of acci dents better illustrates the possibilities The number of persons killed in the of public safety education, and while United States in 1028 while unlaw the numerical increase in all casualties fully trespassing on railroad trains at highway crossings is about 40 per and tracks was 2,487; the number cent, when the accidents are considered seriously injured was 2,367. But not on the basis of the number of automo withstanding this heavy toll of unnec biles registered, there has been an ac essary deaths and injuries, the reduc tual decrease. tion in the last ten years is 2 4 per cent In 1928 the number killed and in in the number killed and 16 per cent jured per 10,000 automobiles regis in the number injured. As compared tered was 3.42 as compared with 6.90 with twenty years ago, the reduction in in 1918, or a reduction in the rate of the total number of persons killed and 50 per cent. This is undoubtedly a re injured while trespassing on the rail sult of the public safety education that road is about 50 per cent. has been carried on throughout the This marked reduction in accidents country in the last few years, in which to trespassers has been brought about the yearly Careful Crossing Cam by public education, more efficient and paigns of the American Railway As intensive police protection provided sociation have played a big part. "With by the railroads, and a better under out these campaigns and related activ standing on the part of the public gen ities the toll of crossing accidents erally of the dangers of trespassing on would be a great deal worse than it is railroad tracks. The problem is still today. far from solved, since more than a When all automobile drivers are third of all persons killed on the rail roads are trespassers, many of whom are children. Before the Steam Railroad Section, Eighteenth Annual Safety Congress. made to realize the public will not stand for reckless driving, whether or not accident results, there will be a falling off in the number of persons killed and injured at highway cross ings and on the streets and highwavs as well. Reasonable laws and strict enforcement is the remedy and the only remedy. In the last ten years the number of employees on duty killed yearly on the American railroads has dropped from 3,250 to 1,243, a reduction of 61 per cent; the number injured has dropped from 135,418 to 69,692, a reduction ot 55 per cent, representing as fine a piece of humanitarian work as ever was performed by any business enter prise in the world. These results were achieved through improved methods of selection, train ing and supervision of employees and by improved design, construction and maintenance of track and equipment, all of which was brought about bv greater interest in the prevention, of accidents by officers, supervisory forces and employees in the several de partments of the railroads. From the foregoing facts and fig ures it will be seen that within the last ten years the hazard of passenger travel on American railroads has al most disappeared; that the number of persons killed and injured while un lawfully trespassing on railroad tracks and property has been substantially re duced ; that, although the highway crossing accident situation is still ex tremely serious, the reduction in the number of casualties as related to the number of automobiles registered shows that public safety education has had a pronounced effect and, lastly, that the hazard of ``railroad employ ment" has been greatly diminished. Such progress as has been made in safety has been due to the inculcation of the principle of safe thinking and safe acting and although the improve ment in accident record thus far made is gratifying, the record as it stands is still sufficiently bad to constitute a challenge to the public in general and the railroad management in particular to further intensify their efforts. Speaking for the railroads, we know that this will be done and if we read the signs of the times aright, the pub lic generally will fully meet their obli gations in the matter. January, 1930 41 THEY ARE DANGEROUS! A LWAYS most painful---with the danger of infection ever present. There is no casualty that more adversely affects the spirit of a factory worker than a bad burn. `Carofax' is First-Aid for Burns! A soothing, protective ointment which re lieves pain, reduces swelling and restores tissues. `CAROFAX' (SOLIDIFIED CARRON OIL) Good for Every Kind of Burn. Its 2^ Phenol content has valuable antiseptic qualities. `Carofax' should always be on hand for instant service in every factory. `TABLOID' FIRST-AID VP_R_O__D_U_C_TSJ Order `Carofax' through your Safety Supply Dealer. If you cannot obtain, please get in direct touch with us. Burroughs Wellcome a Co., (U.S.A.) Inc. 9 a 11 East Forty-first Street, NEW YORK CITY Associated Houses: London (Eng.) Montreal Sydney Cape Town Bombay SHANGHAI Buenos Aires Milan "Keep your `Tabloid' FirstAid complete by maintaining a reserve^supply of refills." r Phase send me N.S.N. I 1 `Tabloid' First-Aid Booklet I Individual's Name..,.. Official Capacity....... IFhen writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 42 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Where Children Get Hurt An Analysis of Accidents Among Children of School Age By ALVAN D. BATTEY Assistant Statistician, National Safety Council LACK of data on accidents to school children has caused many persons to think they are few and unimportant. This opinion is Table II: Total Days Lost and Days Lost Per Accident Classified by Grades, September and October, 1929. Grade Total Days Lost Days Lost Per Acc. Grade Total Days Lost Days Lost Per Acc. disproved by reports received by the All Grades 3881* 3.2 National Safety Council for Septem Kindergarten 1st 187 450 4.3 3.5 7th 8th 325 322 ber and October. Schools with an 2nd 3rd average enrollment of 215,000 report 4th 343 3,4 9th 274 2.9 10th 358 3,8 11th 270 197 150 1,202 accidents, or 6.1 accidents per 5th 6th 347 2.7 12th 82 321 2.7 Unctass'd 75 3.0 3f} 7 2.8 2.6 2.0 2.7 1,000 students. If accidents occur as frequently in succeeding months the Include* 180 days that could not be distributed by grades. rate for the school year will be 61.0 per 1,000 students. The 1,302 acci cidents (including some traffic acci is high in the first, second and fourth dents resulted in 4,143 days lost dents and those happening at non grades as well. The rate of 3,7 for from school, 3.2 days per accident. school playgrounds and gymnasiums) 8th grade students will probably fall Table I shows these accidents by indicates that for high school stu when data for other months are add grade and location. A few are dents some major hazards exist out ed, as the majority of September and omitted because of insufficient infor side the school and home. October accidents in this grade oc mation. Rates per 10,000 student- The rate per 10,000 student-days curred in football games. days were computed to adjust dif for all accidents is 1.5. The 1928 in As additional information is ac ferences in the length of the school dustrial accident rate of plants re cumulated during the balance of the month. In total, school buildings porting to the National Safety Coun school year other types of accidents accidents are not important, which cil is approximately 2.0 per 10,000 may become as prominent as those makes it especially significant that man-days. This rate is computed pointed out above. It is believed, the rate for pupils in the 8th, 9th, from the accidents occurring during however, that the data already col 10th and 12th grades is 0.3 and 0.4. the work-day only, in contrast to the lected give a good picture of student The highest rate in school grounds student rate which is based on all accidents in the fall months through accidents is in the senior high school accidents, regardless of where and out the country. grades. Football is the chief cause. when they occur. In comparison, School grounds accidents also occur; the accident rate for school children frequently in the primary grades. is low, but if differences in hazard New York Woman Carries The highest rates for accidents oc are considered it is probably at least curring while students were on their as high. Own Traffic Signal way to or from school are in the 11th and 12th grades. Home accidents form the largest group and are important in all Table II shows the total days lost from school classified by grades and the days lost per accident. Children in the kindergarten experienced the WHEN Miss Ida Lathers of New York City makes the short but perilous trip from the curb to the center of the street to board a grades. The distribution of other ac most severe accidents while the rate surface car she does so under the protection of a pocket flashlight Table I: Number of Student Accidents and Rates Per 10,000 Student-Days, September and October, 1920 equipped with a red lens. She flash es this against the oncoming traffic, Grade Total* K's'n 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th lllh 12th Unclass'd Total* No. 1260 43 130 101 95 95 127 121 107 88 85 71 57 42 28 Rate 1.5 0.6 1.5 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.7 2,1 9* 1.5 School Buildings No. Rate 115 0.1 3 0.1 6 0.1 4 0.1 0.1 5 0.1 4 0,1 10 0.1 15 0.2 14 0,3 22 0.4 11 0.3 4 0.1 5 0.3 1 0.1 School Going to or Grounds from School No. Rate No. Rate 322 0.4 7 0,1 40 0,5 28 0:4 28 0,4 22 0,3 32 0.5 43 0,6 12 0.2 13 0,2 13 0,3 22 0,5 23o 0.8 0.6 5 0.3 128 0.2 0.1 10 0.1 16 0.2 6 0.1 12 0,2 10 0.1 10 0.1 14 0,2 11 0:2 6 0.1 8 0,2 7 0.3 5 0,3 3 0,2 Home No. Rate 465 0,5 11 03 40 0.6 32 0,6 23 0:4 25 0.5 30 0,6 27 0.5 29 0,6 24 0.7 16 R6 0.3 0.3 85 0.5 0.6 Other No. Rate 230 0.3 5 0.1 17 0.3 8 01 9 02 12 02 18 0:4 10 0:2 18 0.3 15 0,4 16 0.5 10 0.3 10 0 6 8 0.6 which, she maintains, shows little regard for pedestrians and makes it almost impossible to get to a street car. Recently Miss Lathers wrote to Commissioner Whalen calling his attention to the necessity of adopt ing an individual traffic signal and asking him what he was going to do about it. In recent years she has found the streets growing more per ilous and has adopted her traffic light as a crusade symbol as well as to furnish information in detail. a protective signal. lanuary, 1VJU ; A Reduction in Long Distance Telephone Rates An Advertisement of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company On January i , 1930, there is effective a reduction in various long distance telephone rates in the Bell System which on the present volume of calls means a saving of more than $5,000,000 a year to the telephone-using public in the United States. This is the fourth reduction in long distance rates within a little more than three years. On October 1,1926, they were reduced by $3,000,000. On December 1, 1927, a reduction of $1,500,000 went into effect. On February 1, 1929, there was a reduction of $?,000,000. These reductions are in accordance with the aim of the Bell System to continue to furnish the best possible telephone ser vice at the least cost to the public. Earnings must, of course, be sufficient to permit the best possible telephone service at all times and to provide a reasonable payment to stockholders with an adequate margin to insure financial safety. Earnings in excess of these requirements will either be spent for the enlargement and improvement of the service, or the rates for the service will be reduced. This is fundamental in the policy of the management. 43 When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 44 NATIONAL SAFETY NEW,7 Industrial Health A Non-Technical Symposium for Physicians and Laymen By C O. SAPPINGTON, M. D., DR. P. H. examinations and proceedings which have to do with accidents and sickness. Director, Industrial Health Division, National Safety Council As iong as the causes and results of accidents and sickness are concerned Cooperation in Industrial Health Work such as has just been indicated, that the plant safety engineer can be of greatest value in his field. with the human body and mind, the doc tor's influence, study and advice will be prime necessities for the prevention of accidents and sickness. THE group which is charged with the direct responsibility of health super What the Executive May Do The executive is the controlling of vision in industry includes the foreman,ficer and bursar of industrial health per the safety engineer, the executive, the sonnel, for it is he who has the author physician and the nurse. Each of these ity and holds the purse-strings. persons has certain definite responsibil He it is who selects the safety engi ities which fit cooperatively into the neer and the physician. Too often, finished picture presented by an adequate however, he does not select his physi industrial health service. cian as carefully as he selects the highly- What the Foreman May Do specialized types of technical men. Not uncommonly he makes his selection on The foreman is the lay liaison officer the basis of a friendship, rather than among the employees' group. He under upon true worth. stands what the officers of the company desire from, the men under his super vision. He gets to know his men very well, finally understanding their desires and ambitions, as well as their trials and tribulations. Where the industrial executive chooses his industrial physician with the same care and on the same standards of per formance as in the case of other indus trial officers and pays for such service accordingly, the results of the industrial The foreman should know details of health work will show a change for the all hazardous processess carried on by better. his men. He should know the dangers Furthermore, the industrial executive attending the use of injurious chemicals; must demand a high standard of ef he should be well acquainted with the ficiency from his physician, seeing to it intricacies of processes which are liable that the standard of health work equals to affect,the health of his employees. that of private practice. It should be his duty to report to his superiors any noticeable injurious effects What the Physician May Do of the various phases of work upon the employees. The industrial physician is the profes When men complain that certain sional technician in the field of industrial processes or materials affect their health, health endeavor. he should be sympathetic. He must sup He must realize that special training plement his sympathy with action and and experience are necessary for the ful see that prompt reports are made to the fillment of his proper function in indus officers of the company, so that the con try. It implies not only a knowledge dition may be remedied. of checking up injury cases, but an ade What the Safety Engineer May Do quate study of heating, lighting, ventila tion, drinking water, sanitary facilities, What the Nurse May Do The industrial nurse is the professional liaison officer between the plant physi cian on the one hand and the employee on the other. There are many industrial plants in which the entire health service is ad ministered mainlv, if not entirely, by a graduate nurse. Even in association with the plant doctor, the nurse many times gives the first impression of what the plant health service really is. The nurse, therefore, can make or break the indus trial health work in any plant. It Is now recognized that the success ful health nurse requires special train ing and experience. Similar to the es sential difference between the private practice of medicine and . the practice of industrial health work by the physi cians, industrial nursing of a high type presupposes not only special training, but a particular type of mind which adapts itself well to group work. In relationshio to the employer and employee, the industrial nurse has a dou ble responsibility which is sufficient to tax the capacity of any person. He or she must be loyal to both and act in accordance with this principle. There must be very close cooperation between the nurse and the physician, both in the plant, in the hospital, or as the case may be, within the home. Finally, the industrial nurse will come to know the workers in the plant per haps even more intimately than the fore man. The safety engineer is the lay tech nician among the personnel of industrial health workers. He must be informed upon the tech lunchrooms and related activities. It fur thermore includes a study of the chemi cal hazards, the dangers to eyes, the risk of exposure to poisonous gases, What the National Safety Council Does We have often been told that this is an age of specialization. The busy fore nical aspects of the control of various industrial accident and health hazards. He must keep himself informed of progress in this soecialized field, because it is to him that the management comes dust, heat, cold and electricity. It en tails the relative values of physical ex aminations, both before and during em ployment; the correction of physical de fects; first-aid treatment for minor ill man, safety engineer, executive, physi cian and nurse may often not have time to keep step with the progress made in solving administrative and technical prob lems in the field of industrial health. for the solution of such engineering ness, and the study of mental hygiene The National Safety Council through problems. in industry. its Division of industrial Health now He must cooperate actively with the To secure the best results, the physi has available a prepared service which plant physician in working out methods cian should be directly responsible to provides for unprejudiced, scientific in of protection for the employees. Usu the plant manager. There are a number formation in this field. ally the plant safety engineer is well trained in the engineering aspects of in dustrial hygiene, but he must not as sume the prerogative of a physician which concerns itself directly with the effects of various accident and health hazards upon the human body. It is only through a smoothly-func tioning and cooperative relationship, of instances where the plant physician has been placed under a department head and has had considerable difficulty in securing proper cooperation. This is considered a definite defect in organiza tion structure by forward-looking execu tives. Finally, the doctor's place in accident prevention and health promotion is one Questions are answered on industrial health hazards, specific health problems are studied for members, methods and policies of industrial health administra tion are suggested; health educational campaigns are outlined; research in in dustrial health is conducted; a series ot Health Practices Pamphlets maintained; a monthly News-Letter is available. NOTE: This discussion of the various factors in cooperation in health work was presented originally in a paper read before the Eastern Pennsylvania. Safety Conference at Bethlehem, Pa.. December 5, 1929. of utmost importance; whether he be plant surgeon, city health officer or ad ministrative committeeman, he should be a party to all investigations, hearings, The National Safety Council can assist you in checking your proportionate part of the annual loss of ten billion dollars from industrial sickness. Tammry, 1030 45 WAR GERMSon invading Oil Dermatitis Conquered by the three Allies L Chemical Sterilization 2. Factory Sanitation 3. Personal Hygiene All with the use of WES C OL the "Commanding" Germicide At the present time, a series of intensive battles is being fought--not to destroy life but to preserve it and to alleviate suffering. The officers and soldiers are Safety Engineers and Workers. The battle field is in the plants of the Automotive and Metal Working Industries; the enemy is OIL DERMATITIS and other industrial infec tions, and the ammunition We s c o 1 the "Commanding" Germicide The advances, the victories, the problems of this campaign have a direct bearing upon your life and health, upon the well-being of your workmen and upon the earning power and productivity of your plant. CHEMISTRY'S VICTORY IN MEDICAL PROGRESS For a long time the ravages of boils, pimples and blood poisoning transmitted from one worker to another through cutting oils and cutting compounds have baffled medical science and caused epidemic plant infections with considerable economic loss each month. Extensive research by leading bacteriologists of the country has proven that pus germs-- although not originally present in new oils --are carried by the cutting oil and com pound, infected during machine operation, from the dust and dirt of the plant, onto the skin of the workers and enter the pores, hair follicles or abrasions caused by small metal slivers, causing what is known as OIL DERMATITIS Sterilization of the oil by heat proved in effective--being only intermittent, therefore --a radical remedy--a powerful specific chemical germicide was needed--dissolving in the oil and compound to render it sterile at all times. Commercial Disinfectants have been tried and found wanting on account of physical, chemical and bacteriological defi ciency. Since the introduction of WESCOL a few years ago and now extensively used by the leading Automotive Industries of the coun try, the fight is won. WESCOL is guaranteed 16 to 17 times stronger bacteriologically than pure carbolic acid when tested by the "Hygienic Laboratory Phenol Coefficient Method."-- United States Public Health Service. Ask for Booklet "WESCOL--A Practical Germicide for use in Industrial Plants" referring to this publication. WEST DISINFECTING COMPANY 16 Barn Street, Long Island City, New York Branch Offices in 42 Principal Cities When writing advertisers, /'lease mention NATIONAL SAFETY XEH'S 46 Designating Equipment in Sub-stations By J. W. PEART Manager, Hydro-Electric Commission of St. Thomas, Ontario NATIONAL SAFETY NEiy$ Method of placing circuit labels on oil switches. Method of placing circuit labels on disconnecting switches. Note method of separ ating circuits by color strip on baiHe board. SUB-STATION operators will ap preciate that the matter of affixing tags to designate the various feed ers, oil circuit breakers, transformers and disconnecting switches which they are required to operate from time to time is one that is given too little at tention in many installations. Most switchboard panels come through from the manufacturer with a small brass card holder affixed in the required position, this holder carrying a sheet of mica. It invariably falls to the lot of the chief or the operator himself to exert whatever drafting ability he may possess to place the numerals designating the feeder on a slip of paper, cut it to the required size and slip it into the card holder. The result of this effort is far from satisfactory. In the first place, the space available is too limited to allow the designation to stand out plainly for easy interpretation. Secondly, dirt accumulates in these card holders which, together with a minute seepage of oil which occurs frequently, tends to obliterate the marking. The writer has given this matter some consideration, realizing from years of operating supervision that an operator is liable to make mistakes if his controls and various pieces of equipment are not clearly designated. Mistakes in operation cannot be recon ciled, therefore equipment must be clearly designated. In solving this problem the writer has resorted to the use of enamelled plates, 3 inches x 1 inch, having a white ground with blue numerals or letters. If these plates are obtained with two ig-inch holes just large enough to take small brass screws they can be attached to the switchboard by a simple process of drilling and Plugging. If it is desired to distinguish con trols on high tension oil breakers from those on low tension breakers, red nu merals or letters mav be used in one (Continued on page 61) It is advisable to place circuit labels on both front and rear of switchboard. lanuary, 1930 SAFETY BTMD 47 R VIC E The SERVICE of HUMANITY in INDUSTRY There can be no greater responsibility, no greater opportunity, than yours JHE development of safety equipment plays an increasingiy-important part in industrial life . . . No contributions to the advancement of our times transcend it. And just as the medical profession and the great chemical research organizations are con stantly striving for new medicines and new meth ods of guarding humanity against disease ... so are we ever fighting industrial mortality. Our fight is your fight--your opportunity to protect workers' lives is your greatest opportunity to protect your hard-earned profits. Our responsibility is very real to us we are First Aid and Safety Equipment Years Ahead in Design for All Branches of Industry dedicated to the great ideal of making industry safer for both workers and owners. FIRST AID EQUIPMENT DAVIS INHALATOR ELECTRICAL SAFETY EQUIPMENT DAVIS GAS MASKS HARD-BOILED HATS DAVIS FIRE BLANKET UCC COMBUSTIBLE GAS INDICATOR GENERAL ELECTRIC HAND CREAM PYROL-FOR BURNS Send for bulletins describing the above. Use coupon at right. BULLARD-DAVIS INCORPORATED 67 Wall Si, New York City 275 Eighth St., San Francisco, Calif. Please send without expense or obligation, information on: -- First Aid Equipment ,,j Davis Inhalator Davis Gas Masks ~ Davis Fire Blanket UCC Combustible Gas Indicator Name....... (other items) Address Company...... When writing advertisers, please mention S'ATfOXAf, SAFETY XFJl'X It? Will Lightning Destroy an Airplane? Engineers Conduct Tests with Artificial Lightning To Devise Means of Protection XATIOXAL SAFETY XElf'S 'T'KSTS to determine the effect of A lightning on airplanes and to pro vide greater protection from electrical hazards in flying are being conducted at the outdoor high-voltage laboratory of the Ohio Insulator Company at Barberton, Ohio, under the direction of A. O. Austin, chief engineer of the company and consulting engineer of the Ohio Brass Company, with the cooperation of H. H. Windsor, Jr., editor of Popular Mechanics. Planes of various types, set up in such a way that true flying conditions are almost exactly duplicated, as well as model ships, various wing sections and other parts and motors, are being subjected to powerful bolts of artificial lightning and to induced charges at the plant, which is the highest powered outdoor laboratory of its kind in the world. The research is the outgrowth of recent reports of ships struck by light ning but regarding which no definite information could be obtained. To answer the many questions that arose in this connection and to work out means for preventing accidents to ships flying through electrical storms, the equipment of the Ohio Insulator Company's high voltage laboratories was made available and the first light ning tests ever conducted on full rigged airplanes on so large a scale were started. It was at this interest ing laboratory that the famous tests were made cm balloons and other lighter-than-air craft at the suggestion of Ward T. Van Orman, internation ally known balloonist. As a result of these experiements, a shielding and other means for greatly reducing the hazards to the craft and for prevent ing the death ur injury of persons in balloon baskets were developed. Using the most accurate instruments known to science and playing high voltages upon planes with motors run ning and with gasoline tanks filled, en gineers under the guidance of .Mr. Austin are attempting to answer many of the preplexing questions that have arisen in connection with the effects of lightning upon airplanes. As the investigators proceed, synchronized Model plane being struck by artificial lightning of high voltage. As a result of tests already performed, engineers believe that means can be found for more thorough protection of planes during electrical storms. cameras, timed to record the lightning flashes to the millionth of a second, record by photographs important phases of the work for further refer ence and study. The engineers hope to discover what is the danger of shock in ca>e lightning strikes a ship. They are ex ploring the fire hazard. Will the in sulation of the ignition system or of other parts of a plane break down? In what way do the hot gases from the motors effect the path of light ning near the plane? Another series of tests concerns the problem of in duced voltages due to the collapse of a strong electrostatic field resulting from a discharge of lightning which is near, but does not actually strike a plane. Other tests are directed to ward providing greater protection for passengers, pilots and ships in case of contact with lightning. /.coking dozen on the test field of the "lightning bolt factory" at Barberton. Ohio, o here the Ohio insulator Company is making tests to determine the effect of light ning on airplanes. In the foreground is a huge transformer, one of the largest ever constructed. Five N. S. C. Sections To Hold Contests STARTING January 1 and ending June HO, 1929, safety contests will he held among members of the following five sections of the Na tional Safety Council: Metals, Paper and Pulp, Petroleum, and Public Utilities. Rules for the contests have been compiled and are being sent to members of these sections. In the Metals Section the 1929 contest was confined to members actually engaged in the manufacture of steel. The 1930 contest will be expanded to include foundries, plants manufacturing from billets and slabs, structural steel fabricat ors, machine shops producing heavy duty equipment, etc. I Hiring 1929 nearly tiOO plants or other industrial units were enrolled in the sectional contests. /imimiy, l^SO 49 fjmtrol Lux kills fire as a blanket would -- by smothering it under a cloud of harmless gas. Listed and Labeled by the Underwriters* Laboratories. for Dip Tank Fires Fire in a dip tank not only will stop pro duction but also may endanger the entire plant. And even a small fire, in spills around the tank, can do much damage to parts that have been dipped. The LUX Extinguisher will control fires in dip tanks in 30 seconds or less, it smothers fire--in lacquer, paint or varnish --'with a penetrating cloud of carbon dioxide gas. LUX controls fire quickly and harmlessly. For LUX gas is bone dry, non-corrosive and clean. There is no water damage or loss from chemicals when LUX is used. After a fire, LUX gas leaves the content of a dip tank unpolluted and undiluted -- in the same condition as it was before. Over 14,000 LUX Extinguishers are pro tecting extra-hazardous risks to-day. In your plant they will provide both harm less and quick protection from fire. Write for complete information today. Walter Kidde&Company,Inc. 140 Cedar Street NewTork LUX FIRE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT^ When writing advertisers, j'lease mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS ;>o Highway Lighting Increases Pedestrian Safety PEDESTRIANS, unless clad in white, are almost invisible to mo torists upon unlighted roads, even with automobile headlights playing full upon them. The comparative visibility of pedestrians under vary ing conditions was determined by a series of after-dark tests by ^street- lighting specialists of the General Electric Company. These experiments were conducted on a motor highway near Schenectady, \\ Y.--two of them with all high way lights extinguished. In the first, a man with dark clothes stood about 100 feet is front of an automobile with bright headlights. The man could not be seen from the car, and in the ordinary course of events he would not be discovered by the mo torist until the latter was so dose to him that only a sudden stop would prevent him from being struck, un less he himself got out of the way in ample time. In the second experiment a man wearing light-colored clothes and holding a white handkerchief stood at the same distance. The man's figure could be made out in plenty of time for the automobilist to avoid him, and Man in gray clothes 100 feet from camera and automobile (high head lights and no street lights) is partly visible. ,, With nigh headlights and no street iights a man in dark clothes 100 feet envoy is barely visible to a motorist. With low headlights and street lights d man in dark clothes is clearly visiMe 100 feet from the automobile and camera. NATIONAL SAFETY NEiys the white handkerchief was partir,, iariy easy to pick out. u' In the third experiment the hieh way lights were turned on, and th pedestrian, wearing dark clothes wa revealed in a strong silhouette agaiW the glow of lights. 4 Human Slips Cause Most Plant Accidents MO UTTER fingers" and slippery U feet are the chief causes of ac cidents in industrial plants, it is dis closed by an investigation just com pleted under the direction of Edward * J, Allard, manager of the Safety En gineering and Inspection Department of the American .Surety Company and its affiliated company, the New York Casualty Co. A check of more than 7,700 acci dents, both fatal and otherwise, occur ring in factories and industrial works from non-mechanical causes showed that the largest number attributed to a single cause--33.5 per cent of the total--were the result of manual han dling of materials. Next in import ance, it was found, were falls result ing^ from carelessness or other cause. Glassware plants recorded the larg est percentage of accidents due to the manual handling of materials--54 per cent--and machine shops came second with 46 per cent. In paper and print ing plants, taken jointly, 39 per cent of the accidents in the non-mechanical category were the outcome of slips while handling objects and materials. More accidents from persons fall ing occurred in woolen, cotton and silk mills than in establishments car rying on heavier forms of manufac turing. In some cases, workers fell against looms, beaters and other moving machinery. "Altogether," said Mr. Allard, "nearly 11,000 fatal and non-fatal cases were analyzed, and it was found that more than twice as many acci dents were due to non-mechanical causes as were chargeable to machin ery in operation, the former total be ing more than 7,700 as against less than 3,200. "These figures emphasize graphic ally the importance of the human fac tor in the situation. Far-sighted man ufacturers have installed guards on moving belts and machinery, and have safeguarded other points of hazard, because accident prevention is good business practice from every stand point, yet it is evident that employees continue to suffer injuries, many of which are fatal, because they do not exercise sufficient care in performing such ordinary actions as walking and carrying." lauuary. 1930 51 Instant Readings Help Prevent Accidents IMMEDIATE appraisal of the presence of flammable gases. Warning, if they exist in unsafe quantities. The Union Carbide Company--UCC --Combustible Gas Indicator is applicable to a wide range of flammable gases and vapors and determines their percentages accurately. Explosive mixtures are clearly indicated. Adapted to general industrial requirements from the Methane Indicating Detector developed by Union Carbide and Carbon Research Laboratories and approved by the U. S. Bureau of Mines--the UCC Combustible Gas Indicator fills a need of long standing, where the evolution of combustible gases is an attendant feature of production processes. Dependable, portable, self-contained and easy to use, this device insures safety and facilitates work. Descriptive bulletin on request Distributed Av UNION CARBIDE SALES COMPANY Unit of Union Carbide fj I a| and'jCarbon Corporation ' NEW YORK CHICAGO SAN FRANCISCO and' BULLARD-DAVIS, Inc. NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS .VATIOXAL SAFETY XEiy$ Production Suffers When Safety Lags By HOWARD A. SHEETS Safety Engineer, California Casualty Indemnity Exchange The employer who is "too busy" to bother with safety may find himself confronted with rising costs E\ ERY few years, industrial ac cidents are compiled according to the tvpe of industry and the losses are used in the promulgation of insurance rates. The employer who is thinking of production with out any consideration for safety, often finds that the compensation in surance rates for his plant have in creased. He is the first erne to yell his head oft about the high cost of insurance which is eating into his profits. He asks how anyone expects him to remain in business, with competition between his plant and rival concerns very keen and every nickel being a big factor in the competitive bids of a particular job. He also states that the accident experience of his plant has been very good and the increase in rates is entirely unwarranted. In nine cases out of ten this last statement is entirely wrong and it is the high sign for the safety engineer "to give him the works," by showing him his past experience in figures contain ing the accident frequency and se verity. When confronted with these facts he will calm down and admit that he did not realize that the acci dents in his plant have been so fre quent and costly. He usually says, "We have been very busy and I have been watching the production so closely to see that all orders are out on time, that l haven't been able to attend to accident prevention." This last statement bv the em ployer is the signal to show him that safety should go hand in hand with production. For example, suppose a large plant is operating two shifts at breakneck speed due to a sudden boom in the business. Safety takes a back seat and many minor acci dents are occurring; each one a po tential severe injury. Finally the crash comes, a man is killed when a crane sling holding a heavy casting suddenly breaks and the casting falls and hits the man oti the head. Now at this point think of the cost to production which could have been eliminated if the employer had given safety some thought and had the cable sling inspected regularly. In the first place, a man has been killed. Other employees stop their work to render whatever assistance is necessary. Some employees stop to discuss the accident. The morale of the men has been affected by this accident. At a later date the dependents of the deceased, and the fellow workers who witnessed the accident must at tend the coroner's inquest and the Industrial Accident Commission's hearing. This, of course, means loss of production to the employer. If it can be shown that the acci dent was due to the serious and wil ful misconduct of the employer, the dependents of the deceased can col lect heavy damages from the em ployer. Then at a later date a heavier blow is dealt on production when the insurance rate for this concern increases, due to this heavy loss which has been paid by the insur ance carrier. Many times concerns have a lapse of several months in the holding of safety committee meetings which ordinarily should be held each month. The employer gives an alibi saying that he has been too busy with production to stop long enough to conduct a safety meeting. Safety meetings should be held regularly, and the committee should lie especially vigilant about the plant when production has increased, as this is the zero hour for high acci dent frequency and severity. Crossing Watchman Awarded Hero Medal The Carnegie Bronze Medal, do nated by the Carnegie Hero Fund Committee, has been awarded to Albert Sutherland, a crossing flagman for the Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad at Blue Island, 111., accord ing to an announcement by the rail road. The medal was awarded for Sutherland's heroic act in saving the live of a seven-year old girl at his crossing on August 'i'i, HHA On that date he was protecting the crossing on the approach of an express train and automobiles were waiting on both nidi's of the track for the train to pass. A woman and an unidentified Hrl 'ere also standing on the sidewalk. Suddenly the child started to run across the tracks. Sutherland saw the situation, dropped his stop sign, and leaping in front of the train, saved the life of the child at the risk of his own. Mr. Sutherland, who is 07 years old, has been a crossing flagman for ten years. More than a year ago he is reported to have endangered his life to save a woman at this crossing. Dummy Shows Hazards of Blasting Caps WHAT a blasting cap did to the artificial hand shown in the above illustration would be duplicated if the cap were held in a human hand. This demonstration of the destructive ness of blasting caps was staged at a labor day celebration held near Bisbee, Ariz. The outing was spon sored by the Warren District Labor Day Club, assisted by }, M. Harring ton of the U. S, Bureau of .Mines, Berkeley, Cal. The hand was made of plaster of paris with wire reinforcement and en closed in a stout rubber glove. It was attached to a dummy representing a twelve-vear old boy. A No. 6 cap was placed between the thumb and first two fingers and exploded. About 8.000 |>eople saw the demonstration in the park and many others saw the dam aged dummy and pictures which were placed on exhibition. January, 1930 53 ARM THE WATCHMAN THAT NEVER SLEEPS" A Vital Necessity Wherever Fire Hazard and Temperature Con trol Are a Problem What It Is--Telarm is an automatic tem perature warning device that sounds an alarm whenever temperature goes either above or below a predetermined point. How It Operates--Telarm may be adjusted to function at any desired degree of tem perature between -40 and +120 degrees F. by setting a movable contact point on the dial. When the indicator hand reaches this contact it closes an electric circuit, sound ing the gong. Warning is thus given that temperature is abnormal in the vicinity of the detector. Investigate at once it pro fuel. Telarm helps you maintain correct claims, before trouble starts! workroom temperatures in either case, per Why You Need Telarm mitting healthier, more efficient working conditions and a saving of costly fuel. Telarm is an effective automatic fire alarm, with the added advantage that it warns of Extremely Low Cost impending or incipient fires. It may be in Telarm may be installed throughout your stalled in remote or inaccessible parts of plant at surprisingly low cost. Location an your plant and adjusted to operate when nunciators may be used when needed. Its temperature goes as little as two degrees usefulness and the economies it effects are above normal. Therefore, should overheat so great that it is one of the best invest ing occur, it will warn in advance of fire ments in plant protection you can make. outbreak,----in time to prevent serious losses. There are many other ways in which Tel Telarm frequently anticipates sprinkler arm can serve you. If you have tempera system action and thereby prevents water ture control problems, it will pay you to in damage. Telarm will also warn against the vestigate. The coupon below will bring danger of freezing sprinkler and plumbing you complete details without obligation. systems. The Lakeside Manufacturing Co. Maintenance of hygienic workroom tem perature is always difficult. If too low em Largest Exclusive Manufacturers of Dial Type Thermometers 440 W. Superior Street, Chicago ployees' health is affected and productive efficiency decreased. If too high the same is true with additional losses from wasted t LAKESIDE ELECTRIC COMPANY, * Dept, A,, 440 W. Superior Street, Chicago * Gentlemen---Please send me complete information as to how Telarm ^ can be of service to me. Name .......... . .......................... ................................................................................ Address $ ................................. ................................ ..................................... f Business ..................................................... ................................................ .......................... II'hen writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS .14 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS NEW PUBLICATIONS forth* SAFETY MAN a COMPILED BY LIBRARY NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL Iffurther information is desired concerning any of the entries on this page, the Librarian will be pleased to assist inquirers. Dentistry: Pettibone, E. L., Industrial dentistry helps keep employees well. In Dental Survey December, 1929, p. 19-21. Electrical Equipment: Merker, J. M., Protective devices and their use in generating and substatjons. In Bu reau of Safety, Safety Bulletin, November 1929, p. 7-8. Wright, W. B., Protection of the public from electric hazards. In Bureau of Safetv Safety Bulletin, November, 1929, p. 3-5. POSTURE AND HYGIENE adjustment to the environment or a failure Eye Protection: OF THE FEET to measure up to internal standards of con Autocar Company outlaws eye injuries. Lewin, Philip, M.D., Posture and Hygiene of the duct, or whether it represents an inadequate Feet. A booklet of the National Health Series pub integration of the organism, or an inade Intensive campaign started January, 1929' results in 97 per cent cut in injured optics! lished by Funk & Wagnalls Company, 354400 Fourth Avenue, New York City. Flexible fabrikoid, price per copy, 30c, postpaid, 35c. Five or more quate integration of the individual social unit, it presents itself as an inadequacy of In Safety Engineering, November, 1929, p! 231 volumes, 30c each postpaid. some sort. This inadequacy may be organ FOR such a small volume, "Posture and inadequacy, related to the mind, or of a social type. Energy has been stepped down Hygiene ;>f the Feet" covers a surpris ingly large amount of informational ma terial. Chapter headings are "The A-B-C by disease to a lower tension, level of efficiency, and in the it must mean that "disease is to a lower last analysis co-terminous of Foot Hygiene," "Proper Care of the Feet," "Flatfoot and Its Correction," "Dis with _ the degradation of energy."--C. O. Sapfington, M, D. turbances of the Metatarsal Arch," "Ankle Fire Prevention and Protection: Fire prevention and protection as applied to hospitals. (Continued from October is sue.) In Safety Engineering, November 1929, p. 240-246. Gases: Yeaw, J., Explosive limits of industrial Sprains and Other Injuries." In addition'to this general grouping, there are other topics OXY-ACETYLENE WELDERS HANDBOOK gases. In Gas Age-Record. December 7, 1929, p. 825-828. covered, concerning fallen arch, arch supports, sprained ankles, and including the most common foot troubles, such as corns, callouses, bunions, ingrown toenails, etc., Hendrick*, IL $., Oxy-Acetylene Welder'* Hand book. Published by the Acetylene Journal Publish ing Co., 603 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, III. 208 p., iliui. Price, $3.00, and choosing the right shoes, hosiery and garters. ASince foot troubles are so important in industry, this little volume should find its way into the libraries of industrial physi cians, nurses, safety engineers, and plant foremen. Parents will find the booklet a splendid guide in noting tendencies in their children which might later develop into serious foot troubles for which surgery may be the only successful procedure. Well-chosen illustrations and diagrams help to emphasize points in the text-- C. O, Sappington, M. D. WORKING manual of instructions for oxy-acetylene welders which covers the fundamentals of the work in a clear and helpful manner. The preliminary discus sions of apparatus and materials used in welding set forth the hazards involved in handling them and outline the generally ac cepted recommendations for the prevention of accidents. The important operating factors involved in welding are discussed principally from the standpoint of welding on steel because steel is the metal which is most commonly welded. However, the book is not lacking in complete information regarding the cor THE MEANING OF DISEASE rect technique for welding other common White. William A.. M.D., The Meaning of Dis ease, Pnhiished by The Williams Sc Wilkms Company, Baltimore, Md., 1927. Price, $3,00. metals, such as cast iron, aluminum, copper, brass, bronze, nickel, monel metal, and alloy steels. A particularly interesting feature is HIS book is an inquiry into the field the treatment of such subjects as the train Tof medical philosophy and has been writ ing of operators and the inspection and ten because of the tendency to extreme spetesting of welds. These subjects are in Handling Materials: Unloading poles safely. In Bureau of Safety, Safety Bulletin, November, 1929, p. 9-10. Mines and Mining: Glaeser, O. A., Safe Practices at United Verde. In Explosives Engineer, December, 1929, p. 468-469. Wilcox, D. D., Which comes first-- Safety or tonnage? In Explosives Engi neer, December, 1929, p. 449-451. Occupational Diseases: Skin irritation among workmen with cement and concrete. In Rock Products. November 23, 1929, p. 99. Punch Presses: Saving digits and dollars. In Travelers Standard, December, 1929, p. 254-256. Safety Campaigns: Rice, L. R., Nazareth Cement Company conducts successful safety campaign. In Rock Products, November 23, 1929, p. 96-97. cialization in medicine. In substance, the author has endeavored to shed some light on the problem of dis ease by drawing on the various fields of physics, chemistry, biology, psychology, sociology and philology. cluded to make the volume a useful guide to welding supervisors and instructors, and at the same time present the facts regard ing welding to the beginner in such a way as to encourage him to become his own supervisor and critic.---/. I. Banash. Soldering: Carlson, A. L., and others. Safe methods for soldering. In Bureau of Safety, Safety Bulletin, November, 1929, p. 14-15. Ventilation and Exhaust Systems: In order to properly proceed with a cor relation of these fields he found it neces BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS Hayes, D. F., Ventilating the paint shop. Ventilating system in the new paint shop sary to express the conclusions of these Mines and Mining: of the Pittsburgh Railways Co., improves several sciences in terms of a common com Safety as affected by supervision and dis working conditions and reduces fire hazards. ponent, and used the concept of energy in this relationship. cipline. Published by TJ. S, Bureau of Mines, Washington. D, C, 1929. 6 p. Free. In Electric Traction, November, 1929, p. 589-590. He succeeded in establishing a definite (Circular No. 6198.1 association between physical energy and the Recommendations of the Bureau of phenomena of the so-called "psyche." In Mines on certain 9 questions of mine common phraseology, this means that the safety. Published by U, S. Bureau of "Shop Safety" in Spanish paper-weight on the desk is not a "thing," but rather it is "something happening": and this because all matter is composed of uni Mines, Washington, D. C, 1929. 18 p. Free. (Circular No. 6198.) <`Q EGURIDAD en el Taller" is the title U of the National Safety Council's well- verses of revolving electrons in a constant PERIODICAL ARTICLES known booklet, "Shop Safety," translated exchange of energy values with the sur roundings. As the author develops his thesis, he shows that the value of such a unifying concept as energy is, lies in its capacity for bringing together-.djvense facts under a Accident Causes: New York Industrial Commission. Causes of Accidents. In New York Industrial Commission, industrial Bulletin, November, 1929, p. 35-37. into Spanish. The Spanish edition of this popular booklet was made at the request of a Mexican member of the Council who supervised the work of translation. The usefulness of this booklet is not lim ited to industries in Spanish-speaking coun common principle and simplifying their con Conveyors: tries. Many companies in the United States sideration. Keefer, W. D., Accident hazards from the employ large numbers of Mexican work It is the final conclusion that disease, use of convevors about pits, quarries and ers and a safety textbook in Spanish is looked at from any angle whether it is thought to he a failure of adaptation or plants. In Pit and Quarry, November 20, 1929. p. 71-72, 78. 4 helpful in educating them to avoid common hazards. January, 1930 55 ARE YOUR LAMPS BEING STOLEN? Multiple Lamplok Offers A Simple, In expensive Method of Stopping This Loss A MISSING LAMP IS A MAJOR LIABILITY Multiple Lamplok Locks Lamp Securely In Socket* Lamp Is Unlocked By Special Tool With out Breakage Of Glass. Purpose Of Lamplok Is Economy And Accident Prevention. Lamplok shown above is a fixture that will outlast 15 lamps. "From Lamp to Lamp From Year to Year." MULTIPLE SELLING CORPORATION 354 Madison Avenue, New York, N. Y. Send this coupon today and secure immediate protection against the tamp thief. t MULTIPLE SELLING CORF., $ 3S4 Madison Av*., N*w Yerk City J Gentlemen; * ^ * i Please send us.......--TM,,,-sUndard packages (100) Multiple Lamploks at $15 per hundred, j { t Address __________________________________________________________ _-- -- . _ i 5 * ! When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 5(J NATIONAL $Al!ETV XFll's Bench Switzerland Reports Industrial Accident Experience wash cans A MERICAN safety engineers, Lx. absorbed in their own accident , problems, are apt to overlook the aej tivities of foreign countries in acci dent prevention work. The Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund j has recently published a statistical j report (summarized in the August, 1929, International Labour Review), for the period 1923 to 1927, which is a good sample of such activities. Alj though the figures presented cannot he accurately compared with our own in all cases, they are neverthe less significant. In Switzerland the compensation law provides that 80 per cent of the insured person's earnings is payable from the third day after the acci dent. Compensable accidents, on this basis, rose steadily from 76,842 in 1923 to 94,200 in 1927. Some of our state records show a similar up ward tendency in late years, though Wisconsin and Massachusetts, for example, have reported about the same number of compensable cases since 1923. The Protectoseal Bench Can is un usually handy for bench work or ma chine pedestals. When cleansing small parts it is only necessary to lay them on the screen disc and push down. Cleaning fluid percolates through the screen's small perforations, while several up and down movements cleanse the parts thoroughly. When moistening swabs it is only necessary to press against the screen disc --sufficient liquid enters through the screen perforations to complete the operation. Protectoseal Bench Cans greatly lessen the danger of handling hazardous liquids. In case of ignition above screen, the fire goes out as soon as the moisture is burned --Are under the screen is extinguished when oxygen is consumed. Thrown over the can, the hinged cover will imme diately extinguish any type of fire. There is no waste with a Protectoseal-- the spring action controls all operations. Write for complete price list. The proportion of serious acci dents causing death or permanent partial disability in Switzerland has remained fairly constant throughout the period. They find that the fre quency rate of these accidents (num ber of accidents per 100 full time workers) has declined somewhat, to offset a gain in temporary disability accidents, so that the frequency rate for all accidents shows little change between 1923 and 1928. The average duration of disability per accident has ranged steadily downward from 17.1 in 1923 to 14.8 days in 1927, due, in part, to stricter supervision by the National Fund. The severity rate, which is computed on the basis of the number of work ing days lost per 100 full time work ers, has fluctuated between 14.3 and 15.6, with only a slight upward ten dency. The predisposition of some em ployees to accidental injuries has been well established by the Na tional Fund. A research covering 1923-1927 showed that 3,097 injured people had 10 or more accidents each. It was found that one-third of these people were unskilled work ers and laborers; the rest were dis tributed in proportion to the risk in volved in the occupations in which they engaged. Furthermore, for a person who suffers an accident in a given year, the risk of another acci dent the following year is 50 per cent higher than for the average in sured person. The report presents figures to show that, although accidents may be more numerous among the younger employees, they are not as serious as among the older men. Permanent partial disability injuries number only 2.3 per hundred acci dents in the age group under 19 years, but for ages between 45 and 49, the number doubled; and tripled for 60 to 64 year old employees. The distribution of fatal accidents, how ever, shows that only 6 per cent oc cur to employees under 19 years of age and 19 per cent to those between 50 and 59 years of age. Fatal in juries to employees in groups be tween these ages represent about 22 per cent. Fatalities are therefore quite evenly distributed among em ployees of all ages, whereas liability to permanent partial disability in creases with age. The National Fund has classified industrial accidents on the basis of a "manner of occurrence" classifica tion which is widely used by our own states. They, too, find that falls of persons, falling and dropping materials, handling tools, and the operation of machinery, are out standing causes of accidents. The results of their investigations are shown in the table. Industrial Accidents in Switzerland, by Manner of Occurrence, 1923-27 Cause Percentage Percentage of All Ac- of All Days cidents Lost Prime Movers and Working Machinery................................... THE PROTECTOSEAL CO. * N. Sheldon St. Chicago Collapse, Fall and Breaking of Objects....................................... Lifting and Moving Loads by Hand.......................................... Tools, Handling Objects............................................................... Mechanical Means of Transport.................................................. Total for Six Causes.............................................................. 11.8 11 o 1.1.3 34.1 18,9 3,3 81.3 19.3 22,8 17.7 12.8 6,9 4,7 84.2 When writing advertisers, please mention XATiOXAL SAFETY XEWS January, 1930 Since this table includes many in- ' dustries which do not use machinery, I the percentage of all accidents , (11.8) is indicated to be less than i half the percentage for industries in j which machinery is widely used. Metal working establishments are | shown to have had 22,7 tier vent of . all accidents due to machinery ; rub ber, paper and leather establish- > ments, 28.1, and carpenter and cabi- [ net work, 40.8. It is estimated that : 20 per cent of the cost or all com pensation is paid for machinery ac- , cidents. ' Accident prevention work has been actively promoted by the Na tional Fund in an effort to lower the cost of compensation. Safety devices developed by this organiza tion for use with punch presses, drop hammers, and the like, helped i to reduce the cost of accidents in i establishments using this type of ma chine from 16.7 per 1,000 francs of I wages insured in 1928 to 9,9 per f thousand in 1927. i The use of goggles has reduced , the number of eye injuries due to ' flying particles from grinding ma- j chines from 2,406 in 1919 to 220 in ] 1927. Efforts to improve working conditions in the chemical industry have resulted in a sharp reduction in accidents due to hot, poisonous and explosive substances. Likewise, ac cident experience in woodworking establishments has become increas ingly favorable in spite of higher production schedules. Work Two Years Without a Reportable Injury like reinforced concrete * yet uyut as an ordinary shoe The metal mesh reinforcement vulcanized in layers of strong "tarfelt" built into the toe of this shoe, between its full vamp and outer cap, makes it a safety shoe worthy of the name. The extra fine quality uppers are of soft brown glove leather, securely fastened to the soles with brass nails. The sole leather counters are covered by an outside counter pocket, triple-stitched to the quar ters. While strong and sturdily built, these splendid shoes are neither cumbersome nor "pluggy." They are light in weight, which ONE of the outstanding safety records of the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad is that made by the Tampa, Fla., shop plant, where ap No. 290 makes them comfortable to wear. They are built for safety and comfort. proximately five hundred men are em ployed. No three-day reportable in juries have been suffered by employees Sold by responsible dealers in almost every industrial there since October, 1927, during which period force has worked 2,715,769 man hours. center. Names gladly fur nished on request. Since January 1927, James Grant has been shop superintendent in direct charge and following his promotion to superintendent of motive power in .September, 1929, W. C. Stephenson Roberts,Johnson&R'And succeeded him, and is carrying on the Branch of international Shoe Co.CX same splendid work. The Atlantic Coast Line mechanical Su Louis department has brought about a reduc tion in personal accidents during the past few years that indicates the active efforts of supervisory forces. On en tire system in 1923 there were 833 re portable cases; 606 in 1924: for 1925 STAR BRAND a total of 552; for 1926 there were 357; for 1927 there were 191; for SAFETY SHOES 1988 only 125, and for nine months of 1929 only 84. ARE BETTER" When writing advertisers, please mention XATIQMAL SAFETY NEWS 58 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS j Announce Awards of Harriman Medals for 1928 j \ WARDS of the Harriman Memorial Medals for 1928 have been announced by the com mittee of awards. These medals are given each year by Mrs. E. H. Har riman to the individual railroad companies which, in the opin ion of the committee, have made the greatest progress in promoting safe ty on their roads. Following are the awards: The Harriman Gold Medal, for Group A, to the Union Pacific Rail road Company. The Harriman Silver Medal, for Group B, to the Duluth Missabe & Northern Railway Company. The Harriman Bronze Medal, for Group C, to the Texas Mexican Rail way Company. Certificates of honorable mention were also awarded as follows: Group A, Chesapeake & Ohio Rail way Company; Group B, Gulf, Mo bile & Northern Railroad Company; Group C, Indianapolis & Terre Rely on Kleins Line construction work is a man's job. Out on the sticks in all weathers, subject to continual dan Haute Railway. Group A includes those railroads of Class I which operated 10,000,000 or more locomotive miles during 1928. This group comprises 42 rail road companies and includes 81.3 ger is a job that calls for skill, per cent of the total locomotive courage and caution. miles covered by the entire three The Lineman can't afford to groups of the contest. Group B in worry about his Climbing equip ment. That is why public utility companies, the country over, stand ardize on, and equip their gangs with "Klein" tools. "Since 1857" the name "Klein" has stood for the utmost quality in linemen tools. Safety Straps or Belts, Pliers, or Climbers, Lag Wrenches or Grips, Splicing Clamps or Tackles, there is only one quality good enough--the best, and that means Klein's. A national campaign featuring Safety for Linemen is being conducted by Mathias Klein & Sons to assist in selling the idea of safety to Linemen. cludes those railroads which oper ated from 1,000,000 to 10,000,000 lo comotive miles in 1928. This group includes 71 railroad companies with 17.1 per cent of the total locomotive miles of all groups. Group C com prises those railroads of Class I which operated less than 1,000,000 locomotive miles in 1928. This group consists of 46 railroads with 1.6 per cent of the total locomotive miles. The Committee of Award for 1928 was composed of the following members: Arthur Williams, president of the American Museum of Safety, chair man; E. I. Lewis, chairman of the Interstate Commerce Commission; The following pamphlets are available for free distribution by safety engineers and others in* terested in this subject. Fake your choice. Charles M. Schwab, chairman of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation; Sam uel O. Dunn, editor of Railway Age; F. D. Underwood, former president of the Erie Railroad and Safety for the Pole Climber personal representative of Mrs. Har G Specifications on Linemen's Belts and Safety riman on the committee; Lew R. Straps The Safety Factor on linemen's Leather Goods Palmer, trustee of the American I Pocket Tool Guide Mathias ftfl CBWI&Sons Museum of Safety, secretary to the Committee of Award; A. A. Hop kins, director of the American Mu 3200 BELMONT AVE., CHICAGO seum of Safety and an editor of Scientific American, ex officio mem ber. In the past four years the Union Pacific has received the Harriman gold medal three times, it having been awarded to the Norfolk & Western Railroad for the year 1926. This is also the case with the Har riman silver medal, which has been awarded three times to the Duluth, Missabe & Northern during the past four years, it having been awarded to the Duluth & Iron Range for the year .1927. The Texas Mexican also received the bronze medal for 1927. In awarding the medal to this railroad foy 1928 the Committee of Award announced that this carrier is the first Class I railroad to have a per fect record for an entire year since the Harriman medal awards were revived in 1924 after having been suspended during the period of the World War. In other words, the Texas Mexican Railway Company, with 162 miles in the State of Texas, operated 399,000 locomotive miles and 1,240,000 passenger miles with out a reportable injury of any kind during the year 1928. No passen gers were killed or injured in any form of accident during the year 1928. No employees were killed or injured in any class of service. No one was killed or injured in any highway grade crossing accident or elsewhere. In its analysis of returns for all Class I railroads the Committee of Award found that many roads showed very encouraging improvement in safety during the past year, and that the improvement, with respect to some of the lines, was remark able. Of the 159 competing rail roads in the three groups 121 oper ated throughout the entire year 1928 without a passenger fatality, carry ing 140,634,000 passengers, with over 10,000,000,000 passenger miles. In making the ratings which form the statistical basis of the awards the committee takes into account passenger casualties, employee casu alties, and all other casualties to non-trespassers at grade crossings and elsewhere, reportable to the Interstate Commerce Commission. Each group of casualties is rated by being compared with some factor of operation, such as passenger miles, employee man-hours or loco motive miles, and the final rating is arrived at by a summation of these individual casualty ratings. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS January, 1930 Gasoline Spills May Have j Unpleasant Results j MOST oil drivers know that it is ; dangerous to work in clothing that has been soaked by a gasoline spill, and they realize that when gaso line is spilled on a garment, the wet clothing should be taken off as soon as possible and dry clothing put on. However, other drivers do not know as much about this fuel, and some of them will probably be surprised to know that if you continue to wear a garment soaked in gasoline, you will not only have a very serious fire hazard, but there is also grave danger of the gasoline seriously burning the skin. Gasoline spilled on your hands will evaporate without harm, but if you spill it on clothed portions of tfoe body ---look out! If you don't change clothes, in a few' hours you will feel as though you had been sitting on an anthill. Even gasoline spilled on a seat cushion makes trouble if you sit on it. --The Toter. ASSE Chapter Presents Memorial to Edison 59 IRONCLAD GOGGLES THE PEER of Industrial Eye Protection 'J'RULY the latest word in goggle construction, the x Ironclad embodies an array of features seldom found in one industrial goggle. It is the product of a firm who has devoted its entire business life to the manufacture of head and eye protection. Uaafiw-rxrltmi Of* fffatojirrmg*in) CftomflS/fnvyr ftoxpon ` mkrrrstW Mkfoitfcrjuftor* b*Knff^otfti*iruura^^ fe tiMHMunftmrrtiwwsi ml* tkrnrute^ *< bt(nr>o*' fTTWrajO* iindfKJit-rWftnt-tof twnnOdfit trtft (takutrtftl iapn>nrr m Tbr9rrai4M`<M(Viy4('tk Wr* hrH<*t`ffiigwtuUnrt* ftr tf-rlmnrtt'fvraii rbtlciartbrT.fwwA*CipcartVl*<itfcft totiMtMHifC1*? rtfrtrtfdljWU#` Ironclad goggle cups are made of a new material, strong, light and moisture proof. They are moulded and shaped to comfortably fit the contour of the face. The side screens are counterlocked, making them impossible to become loosened. The lenses are held in place and easily interchanged by means of a machined screw cap which fits directly onto the cups. The chain bridge and headbands are adjustable. IN appreciation of Thomas A. Edi son's services to mankind the Northern New Jersey Chapter of the ASSE--Engineering Section of the National Safety prepared the memorial shown in the above illus tration. The original was engrossed in colors and framed in mahogany. The presentation was made by a delegation from the executive com mittee of the chapter on December 4 in Mr. Edison's office at his labor atory in West Orange. Ironclads are not "just another goggle" but raise them selves far above this class by improvements which are worth your while investigating. We will gladly send sample pairs or literature upon request. Manufactured by Chicago Eye Shield Co. 2300 Warren Avenue Chicago, 111. When, writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS GO Get ALL the LIGHT you pay for Regardless of what illumination costs, how much is it really worth to you? That is to sav, what is the value of its use ? Clean Reflectors save light -- dirty reflectors waste it. --flakes overhead lamps easily acces sible for cleaning reflectors and changing bulb s. No climbing or electrical hazards. Get >texi> 9`2-page Catalog free upon request. Handled by lead i it g electrical jobbers. THOMPSON Safety ^Cowering HANGER The Thompson. Electric Co. 1438 W. 9th St. Cleveland, Ohio, U. S. A. Ready For ; AnctwerFarD: Day-Work i ii T" | 1 HEY can't make the work too tough for a Wall Furnace," said Nick, as we i took this picture. And that's what every one thinks who uses Wall naSiUm1 F, urnaces, for in these modern furnaces are combined every feature of service with safety! Large tank, greater fuel capacity, wide, stable base, BRAZED bottom and connections, easily accessible--built for long life and operating economy! See your supply house! P. WALL MFC. SUPPLY CO. }I1 PREBLE AVE., N. S., PITTSBURGH, PA. DREADNAUGHT WALr SSfSiSJ BLOW TORCHES W Wall Torches are another prod uct with a reputa tion for durability. Special features guarantee utmost safety as well as highest operating efficiency. Write for catalog. m NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Asks Aid on the Perplexing Parking Problem MX I T have been asked to consider VV making a change in the park ing limit in our congested district. The change proposed would limit parking to one-half hour where two-hour parking is now in effect. If you have any suggestions that wiii aid our com mittee in considering this problem, I would be giad to have them." The member from whose letter this quotation was made had a problem not unlike the parking problems of manv other cities. When parking difficulties arise, the first thought is often to make a drastic reduction in the park ing limit. But such action may not be the solution. This was the reply: "You are proposing quite a radical change in your parking time limits. Do you realize that half-hour parking will involve a much more serious job of supervision than two-hour parking ? Do you now have any difficulty in getting your present parking regula tions properly supervised and en forced ? "With rigid enforcement the aver age parking time of vehicles falls well below the time limit. We have com piled information from four of our traffic surveys showing the average parking time for vehicles parked with in certain time limits. The results are quite significant. "The average time for 10,628 vehi cles parked for 30 minutes or less was 19 minutes per vehicle; for 13,435 vehicles for 1 hour or less, 25 minutes; for I',397 under 114-hour parking, 29 minutes, and for 4,046 under twohour parking, 33 minutes. For any given parking space the number of vehicles that can be accommodated can easily be calculated from these figures. The change from S hours to 1 {4 hours would increase the capacity thus calculated by 12.6 per cent; to one hour, 30 per cent; to one-half hour, 71.5 per cent. "What percentage of increase do you need for accommodating all of the vehicles that require parking space in the area that you are considering? If it does not exceed 30 per cent at the present time, I strongly advise that vou do not decrease your limit below one hour. If, however, you need to increase it as much as 70 per cent, onehalf-hour parking would be required to do it. "The foregoing, of course, assumes complete compliance with the present restriction and the same for the re striction to which you propose to change. If enforcement is the big problem, vou will find it a lot easier to enforce 2 hour parking than one- January, 1930 half-hour parking. In one city we found that strict enforcement of the ' existing regulations would increase the I number of vehicles that could be ac commodated in the same spaces, dur ing the same periods of time for which the observations were taken, 55 per cent. In one street this increase would , be 109 per cent. "The real gist of all this is a warn- ; ing to be sure that your real problem is one of reducing parking limits be fore you take steps in that direction, . If it is a problem of enforcement, re- . during the time limits will not help." , 61 Designating Equipment in Sub-stations (Continued from tone 4(3) case and blue in the other. This in itself gives an operator material assis tance in selecting his H.T. controls in cases of emergency especially when they are intermingled with L.T. con trols along a 40 or 50 foot board. Such plates can he readily obtained from any firm manufacturing enamel ware at a cost approximating 15 cents per plate. In ordering plates it is well to ob tain seven or eight of each designation so each feeder may be distinctly marked from the switchboard control to the outdoor cable terminal. A point often overlooked is that of tagging the rear of switchboard panels as well as the front. In many cases the test links are mounted on separate miniature panels on the back of the main panels and the work of a meter or relay inspector is greatly facilitated when he is able to select his panel without taking the time to count from one end or having a check made by the operator stationed out in front. Nearly all modern installations of switching equipment provide for re mote control of oil breakers. Under such conditions it is desirable to place a tag on 'noth front and back of the breakers as well as on all disconnect ing switches. Tags may also be attached to feeder cables at strategic points by wiring the plates about the cable fireproofing as well as fastening them on the outdoor cable terminals. A few' photographs have been in cluded with this article to give a clear idea of this method of feeder designa tion. The subject may appear to be. of minor importance, yet anyone in the operating field will appreciate its signi ficance and value not only as a means of facilitating operation in general but as an outstanding essential to safe practice the New Year SAFE with-------------- -- HELMET GOGGLES ultiplied safety, cush M ion comfort and unusual convenience are embodied in the advanced Helmet Goggles for the welder, grinder or chip per. Can't be mislaid or lost like ordinary goggles. Fit like cap or hat. Shaped to fit the face. Light in weight. Non-shatterable and moist-proof. Helmet Goggles save eyes, save time and save money. Use the coupon below for complete details. Made in both Helmet type and Skeleton type. { Skeleton type shown above}* ^for sale by leading Safety Appliance and Welding Supply dealers everywhere. CARTER-LOCKARD CO., 950 S. Flower St.. Los Angeles, Cal. MMZT 0000(40 Carter-Lockard Co., 590 So. Flower St. Los Angeles, California Gentlemen: Send me complete details. Name...________ _ ______ _ .... Address ... ___ -- _______ For Grinding Service Jl! For Welding Service When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 62 NATIONAL SAFETY NEW<i A worker's chair is more than a place to sit It can be a source of fatigue, and the fatigued body conscious em ployee cannot do justice to him self or his employer. Machine operators must be comfortably seated at just the right position in regard to their work and physical proportion. A factory chair that just fits the work and the worker becomes an efficient aid to production and quickly repays the original out lay. ,, I8NBmiL ,, Seats ofProduction ClIAJIltS Let us send you a handbook on the rela tion of fatigue to posture and its effect upon production. Royal Metal MSg.Go. 1134 S% Michigan Blvd., Chicago Largest Manufacturers of Factory Chairs Scientifically designed Royal "Seats of Pro* duction" are quickly adjustable for every requirement. ADJUSTABLE ill SZ RANGES Is* loll" 2S" to 34" gate. The following officers have been elected by the Northern New Jersev Chapter. ASSE--Engineering Sec tion, National .Safety Council, for the year 1930: Chairman--Max S, Henig, Ph.D., Essex County Voca tional School, Irvington; First Vicechairman---Samuel H. I.ibby, Gen eral Electric Company, BloomfieldSecond Vice-chairman--A. R. Law rence, Compensation Rating and In spection Bureau, Newark; Secre tary-Treasurer--Fred M. Rosseland, manager, Newark Safety Council.' Member of executive committee for two-year term--W. R. Smith, Pub lic Service Production Company, Newark; E. A. Timm, Standard Oil Co. (N. J.), Bayonne; for one year term--S. F. Larchar, Thomas' A. Edison, Inc., West Orange. Ralph E. Motley, formerly director of plant personnel and employment for the Atlantic Refining Company, Phila delphia, Pa., has entered the export department of the company and is now stationed at Porto Alegre, Brazil. Hawley S. Simpson, formerly traf fic engineer for Essex County, N. J., has joined the staff of the American Electric Railway Association, New York City, as research engineer. Saves Two Lives in One Day By Resuscitation DUST COLLECTORS Sand Blast Equipment and Protective Devices PANGBORN CORPORATION HAGERSTOWN, MARYLAND FOR saving two lives in one day by ap plication of the prone pressure method of resus citation, Charles W. Bannon, an employee of the Penn Central Light & Power Company at Lewistown, Pa., has been awarded the President's Medal and a bar to be attached to it by the National Safety Council. The two victims who had been overcome by smoke in a burning building, were re stored to consciousness by Mr. Bannon's prompt and skillful treat ment. The presentation was made at a company safety rally at which Harry D. Immei,_ director of the Bureau of Inspection of the Penn sylvania Department of Labor and Industry, was the principal speaker. IVhen writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS January, 1930 63 Blast Furnaces Used to Be Hazardous "Gold < Continued from page 21) him to remain in its midst, the entire , group is penalized. Each individual ! is responsible not only for himself but j for everyone with whom he works. j At frequent intervals some person 1 prominent in safety work is invited to j the plant to give a talk on safety. This talk requires only fifteen to twenty minutes, and is given at three locations in the plant in order to reach all men employed. During this time opera tions are shut down so there may be no excuse for non-attendance. Hav ing an outsider make the talk is very beneficial, since the men become accus tomed to hearing members of their own organization talk. Also, the psychological effect is much the same as a "pep" meeting before a football game. A committee composed of two de partment heads, the personnel of which is changed every second month, visits the sick or injured. This com mittee carries a supply of cigarettes, cigars, gum, etc., and their coming is anticipated with favor by the un fortunate man. Frequently many good suggestions are received from an injured man after he has had time to consider his accident. Medal" SAFETY Platform Ladder Any ladder takes a man up, but this ladder puts him safely AT the job. His freedom to work, without ef fort to balance, is sure to increase the speed and quality of hi? work. The "Gold Medal" I.ine S a f e t y Extension Trestles, Featherweight Stage "The Underwriter," Step Ladder, "Standard" Extension Ladder, Chicago Painters' Step Ladder, Portable Tele scoping Towe r and many others. Write for full information] At the safety committee meeting, following the accident which broke the record, the chairman of the meeting asked what factor or factors con tributed the most toward this record. Each and every member had an answer at the end of his tongue. Every thought was recorded, and a tabula tion kept to see what items stood out in the men's minds. They are listed below, perhaps not in the order of their true importance, but showing what thoughts were uppermost in the minds of this particular group oi men. Cooperation and organization were virtually spoken of by all, and there fore lead this list. 1. Cooperation and organization in do ing the job. 2. Education in proper manner of doing the work. 3. Better and more constant supervision of the work. Better tools, equipment, or safety appliances. 5. Fear of a penalty on account of careless methods or infraction of safety rules. 8. More and better information on the occurrence of accidents. 7. Safety rallies and meetings. 8. Pride in the safety record, and the safety spirit engendered by the record. 9. Prompt action on suggestions and reports. This is the story as told by the men who put the record across. Broad enclosed plattorm steady as a rock. Hardwood top forms handy tool rack. Rungs at rear. Aeroplane spruce, steel reinforced. Ten sizes. HAsted hv Underwriters' Laboratories'I THE PATENT SCAFFOLDING COMPANY Chteu*, <559 Daytaa 81 Atlanta. 44 Hayns 81. N.W. 31 Lauls, 6169 Bartffior Av*. BMtoa, 4 Eltery 81 PhlladdpMt. 2855 Bridie 81 Sap Franeiict. 270 13th 81 Plttsburfti, 1254 Veakamp 81 N.8. L. 1. City. N. Y,, 3921 SharMM 81 Gold Medal Safeladders andScaffolding forEvery Purpose WORKING TO WIN--THE SAFETY TROPHY that'* what uti tha whit* hearted c**e*atte at th* ma la aaaldiat START THE NEW YEAR ewc~itnhte#aC spiLriteedt tbiavUi Trophy er Cup. Writ* for Cata- Uf. Qrttfnal diiD s pIrlniii and sub mitted. THE EMBLEM m COM* MANDS attention and respect due a Distinguished and Trained Safety Man. W* make EZb b I a Buttons for erary Pur* pose. Clarence J. Williams, William. Jewelry u Ml|. Co., Display ttoom 418, Pittsfield Bldg, fi Kaat Washington ft., Cklaago, 111. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 04 NATIONAL SAFETY News WIMPS? President's Medal Awarded to 104 Persons in 1929 NEXT! OX K hundred and four person*. have been awarded The Presi dent's Medal during 1920 for saving lire by the prone pressure method of resuscitation. In addition to these awards 14 certificates have been presented to those who rendered meritorious service by assisting in resuscitation but were ineligible for Acl lo>dai|* the medal. The President's Medal is awarded by the National Safety Council for | successful application of the Schaef' er prone pressure method of resusei- j tat ion in cases of suspended respira tion due to gas asphyxiation, elec- | trie shock, drowning, or any other j accidental cause that may result in ! prolonged suspension of natural | breathing. 1 Any person, ten years of age or I older, is eligible for The President's ' Medal, except those qualifying for 1 the Instill, McCarter or other awards Protect qauqe qlasses this new wat|..... for resuscitation. Each application for the medal is reviewed by the Medal Administration Committee of the National Safety Council. Maybe you've never seen a gauge glass blow out. They do--frequently, too! Men near an unprotected gauge glass are in constant danger. It may shatter any moment! The Next Accident may hap pen right in your own plant, with costly damage to ma chinery, men, and to your prized'safety record. Install Kleervu Protectors on all gauge glasses, boilers, process tanks, etc., in the plant now. Simple to put on. Glass can be read from nor mal distance and angle. In expensive. Kleervus are now being installed everywhere by watchful plant owners who realize that they have heretofore neglected these constant danger points. With the medal each approved applicant receives a certificate, signed by the president of the Na tional Safety Council, describing the accident and the service rendered. Additional certificates are awarded to those who, in the opinion of the committee, have rendered sufficient assistance in the resuscitation to merit such recognition. Among those who have received the medal are many employees of public utility companies who per formed resuscitation under circum stances which did not make them j eligible for the Insull or McCarter medals. That these companies should, be well represented in the roll of life savers is to De expected since training in resuscitation is uni versal in the industry. Other indus tries are well represented in the list, Write us today for in which also includes policemen, stu formation. Use coupon. dents, Boy Scouts and housewives. Five of the awards were to women. KLEERVU Several persons have received bars to the first medal for additional lives |m#^4POiV ~AU6E CLASS saved. One medal was awarded I % PROTECTORS posthumously. Frank Conditt, an employee of the Central Illinois WRIGHT AUSTIN CO., 311 W. WOODBRIDGE ST., Public Service Company, who saved DETROIT, MICHIGAN. a life in May, 1929, died before the Please send details on Kleervu "Snap-on" Gauge Glass Protectors. i award was made and the medal was Name........................................ ..................... j........... - presented to his widow, Address.............................................................. . j Following are those who comprise the National Safety Council's Honor Roll of Life Savers for 192if, ;ir. ranged in the order in which the awards were made. C. R. Doughty, Louisiana Oil Refining Carp., Shreveport, La. Raymond A. Ferguson, Northern Indi ana Power Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Vernon R. Slater, Northern Indiana Power Co., Indianapolis, Ind. Thomas R. Carney, L'. S. Rubber Co., Boston, Mass. John Appel, Standard Oil Co., ot La,, Baton Rouge, La. j. I. Whitehead, Jr., Fall River Gas Works, Kali River, Mass. lola Williams, Northwestern Bell Tele phone Co., Sioux Falls, S. D. Raymond Lee Carey, Diamond State Telephone Co., Wilmington, Del. Charles Harvey Wood, Diamond State Telephone Co., Wilmington, Del. John Boutte, Gulf Refining Co., Port Arthur, Texas. Charles Gartman, American Telephone Sk Telegraph Co., Birmingham, Ala. John B. Andrews, Chicago, North Shore & Milwauke Railroad, Highwood, III. Thomas Donaldson, Dominion Coal Co., Glace Bay, N. S. Charles A. McStravick, Police Officer, Boston, Mass. Miss Mary Laughter, Student, Rockport, Texas. Paul H. DeWalt, Business Man, Mar ion, Ind. Leo A. Hartsell, Consumers Power Co., Jackson, Mich. Fred J. Lockwood, New York Tele phone Co., New York City. James Wra. Brazier, New York Edison Co., New York City. Albert J. Duane, New York Edison Co., New York City. Peter Hunerfauth, New York Edison Co., New York City. Joseph H. Hoffman, New York Edison Co., New York City. Frederick A. Clausman, Jr., New York Edison Co., New York City. Gerald Ackerson, New York Edison Co., New York City. Michael T. McMahon, New York Edi son Co., New York City. Joseph F. Briody, New York Edison Co., New York City. C. L. Engster, New York Edison Co., New York City. Howard Meyers. New York Edison Co., New York City. Vivian J. Culivan, Alabama Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Co., Mobile, Ala. R. D. Webb, Roxana Petroleum Co., East Chicago, Ind. Seba Cox, Consumers Power Co., Lansing, Mich. Clarence D. Jones, Standard Steel Car Co., Hammond, Ind. F. (T. Chandler, Roxana Petroleum Corp,, Wood River, 111. Harry Fouroat, Hyatt Roller Bearing Co., Kearny, N. J. Harley Smith, Student, F.nid. Okla. Orlo Cummings. Student, Corwallis. Ore. B. L. Lossee. Indiana & Michigan Electric Co., Elkhart, Ind. H'lten renting advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS January, 1()3Q Machine Guard Economy EMPLOY the handy man about your factory to make the best SAFETY GUARDS that it is possible to obtain at any price. We can supply all the material in excellent form for easy assembling. Perforated Angles and Bands for Frames. Gussets to Make Rigid Corners. Floor Posts and Sockets for Detachable Guards. Perforated Sheets for Covering Fabric. 65 THtflABRmCTONfiKlHCPERrORATlHC O 5645 Fillmore St., Chicago -- 114 Liberty St., New York Clean floors mean Safe floors /"VN'E small spot of grease upon a factory floor may cause a slip which might mean loss of a life or the maiming of a body. Possibility of such accidents is greatly lessened if floors are kept scrupulously clean. Moreover, clean floors are a most important factor In lessening carelessness among employees. Clean floors make for better work, less waste and increased production. Hundreds of factory owners and foremen are solving their floor cleaning problems with the FIN'N'ELL SYSTEM of electric scrubbing, polishing. The FIN'N'ELL exerts from 3S to 60 pounds pressure on the brushes (depending upon the sire of the machine). Clean water is provided for every square inch of floor space. The brushes dig down beneath even the most stubborn coating of oil and grime until every particle of dirt is routed. The new FINNELL Vacuum Mopper absorbs water from the floor, leaving it practically dry. Does away with likelihood of accidents caused by slipping. A FIN'N'ELL representative will be glad to make a survey of your floor space and recommend which of the eight FIN'N'ELL models would best serve your needs. Address FIN'N'ELL SYSTEM, INC., 1001 East Street, Elkhart, Indiana. waxes FINNELL SCRUBS POLISHES electric floor machine SANDS A'of just a machine--a complete svstem with 8 models of scrubber pol ishers permitting accu rate adaptation to any requirements of method, surface or area. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIOXAL SAFETY XEWS 66 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS . . . bplit Your Office Workers . . . Free Trial Offer I Try This Test for Factfui Figures "FAKE *ny given number of your employes. Equip half of * them wtth ANGLE STEEL PostureChairs--the other half with ordinary office chairs. Then check comparative results over a period of a few weeks; results in increased productivity, improved health, mental alertness and lessened errors. Prove the truth of our claims by FACTS. This test involves no cost or obligation. And one of our trained seating experts wilt adiust each of our chairs to the individual worker. ANGLE STEEL Posture Chairs are endorsed by physiologists, welfare authorities and indus trial engineers. They not only correct bad posture--they pre vent itl Compare them, as many others have done, with other posture chairs, as to: 1--Easily adiustable features. 2--Approved practical designs. 3--Compact space-saving size. 4--"Sturdy, dependable construction. 5--Better leather and upholstery. 6--Caster size and quality. 7--Light weight. 8--Rounded-front-edge feature. 9--Wide variety of sizes and grades. 10--Extremely attractive prices. Act now! Write us, or mail the coupon I Invest in permanence --productivity--profits! No. 276 L.C.-P.V.R. Revolving Height Adjustment: 17 to 22 inches by hand wheel under seat. Seat: Rolled front.genuine leath er over curled hair. Backward and forward sliding adjustment. Back Rest: Wing nut adjust ment up and down. tilting to de sired angle.Form fitting, Padded genuine leather. Finish: Seat and back rest, choice of grew, black, brown, tan, red and blue. Steel Parts: Standard, olive green en amel or choice of mahogany brown (not grained) mahogany red (plain) and black. Casters: 2inch diameter steel or ruboid swivel type. Gliders optional. We also make a complete line of Angle and Sheet Steel Equipment for Factory, Shop and Office Ask for Catalog MAIL THIS COUPON * ANGLE STEEL STOOL CO. Plainwcll, Michigan. Send Seating Expert. Mail Posture Chair Bulletin. Mail Catalog. "C-NSN" Name.............. ............... ............. .......... Address.... ........................................... .. City and State................ ....................... Fred W. Allen, Policeman, Los Ange les, Cal. Charles G. Hixson, Bell Telephone Co. of Pa., Latrobe, Pa. Harry Stevenson, Indiana Bell Tele phone Co., Greenwood, Ind. Douglas D. Starks, Consumers Power Co., Jackson, Mich. Julius G. H. Math, Southwestern Bell Telephone Co., St. Louis, Mo. Ralph Allison, Illinois Public Utility Co., Homer, 111. August Zellers, Police Officer, Irving ton, N. J. Andrew J. Walsh, Police Officer, Har rison, >,'. J. Cleo. Chaney, Western Union Tele graph Co., Dallas, Texas. T. H. Comer, Western Union Tele graph Co., Dallas, Texas. A. Lovern, Sinclair Oil & Gas Co., Tulsa, Okla. Delbert Bussell, Southern Bell Tel. & Tel, Co., Louisville, Ky. Richard Magnuson, Commonwealth Edison Co., Chicago, 111. H. H. Lefferts, Student, Council Bluffs, Iowa. Geo. R. Stevens, N. I. Bell Telephone Co., Newark, N. J. Harold Gillespie, Student, Grass Range, Mont. Alovsius J. Ryan, Police Officer, Har rison, N. J. Michael Harrington, New York Tele phone Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Squad No. 1, Portland Fire Bureau, Portland, Ore. Roy Tryon, American Telephone & Telegraph Co., New York City. C. L. Quinn, Indiana Bell Telephone Co., Muncie, Ind. Wm. H. Blachly, Dain Manufacturing Company, Muncie, Ind. W. C. Gill, Continental Oil Co., Denver, Colo. Oswald Thiel, Boy Scout, Eugene, Ore. James Morehouse, Indiana & Michigan Electric Co., South Bend, Ind. Harold S. Cartled^e, Indiana & Mich igan Electric Co., Mishawaka, Ind. Emil Vincent, Indiana & Michigan Electric Co., Mishawaka, Ind. K. E. Robinson, Cincinnati & Suburban Bell Telephpne Co., Cincinnati, O. Harold Lucero, San Joaquin Light & Power Co., Fresno, Cal. J. S. Scarborough, San Joaquin Light & Power Co., Fresno, Cal. John Feldman, Schoolboy, Brooklyn, N. Y. Walter J. Sursaw, Buick Motor Co., Flint, Mich. Ofin E. Perdue, American Tel. & Tel. Co., Atlanta, Ga. Henry Loyd, Edward Hines Lumber Co,, Lumberton, Miss. William J. Keegan, Police Sergeant, Pittsfield, Mass. __ Roy Allen Mclnnis, Pacific Tel. & Tel. Co., Milwaukee, Ore. Hal R. Borne, Pacific Tel. & Tel. Co., Milwaukee, Ore. ^ Peter Andrew Snyder, Shell Petroleum Corp., East Chicago, Lnd. George R. Kronenberg, Business man, Mt. Arlington, N. J. Jack Gilmore, Virginia Public Service Co., Charlottesville, Va. Basil I. Williams, Professor, New Canton, III. Thomas Pryce, Union Carbide Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Lawrence B. Nelson, Northern Indiana Public Service Co., Ft. Wayne, Ind. Betty Higgins, Student, Seattle, Wash Walter Carrico, American Car & Founl dry Co., St. Louis, Mo. Thomas N. J. Barry, Police Officer, Keanny, B. Van Volkenberg, Police Officer Kearny, N. J. ' Mack Booth, Consolidation Coal Co Fairmont, W. Va. Harry H. Hinton, Illinois Bell Tele phone Co., Decatur, 111. C, A. Bundick, Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Co., Washington, D. C, Charles W. Bannon, Penn Central Light & Power Co., Altoona, Pa. (Mr. Bannon also received a bar for a second resuscitation.) Frank Devlin, Brooklyn Union Gas Co. Brooklyn, N. Y". Henry J. Dadson, Brooklyn Union Gas Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Thomas Griffin, American Printing Co., Fall River, Mass. Arthur E. Atkinson, Binghamton Light, Heat & Power Co., Binghamton, N. Y. Rudolph Thoensen, Northwestern Bell Telephone Co., Davenport, Iowa. Arthur H. Wanamaker, New York Telephone Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Ephraim Decker, New York Telephone Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Frank Conditt, Central Illinois Public Service Co., Springfield, 111. Cornelius Stolk, Public Service Corp. of N. J. Newark, N. J. Richard Macdonald Quance, American Cyanamid Co., Niagara Falls, Canada. William Gilchrist, Dept, of Public Safety, Belleville, N. J. Carl E. Parker, Pure Oil Company, Muskogee, Okla. Harrv Goodwin, The Ohio Oil Com pany, Findlay, Ohio. Marshall W. Booker, Virginia Public Service Co., Charlottesville, Va. Mrs. Richard Gauthier, Housewife. Robert McGill, Toledo Edison Co., To ledo, Ohio. CERTIFICATES AWARDED FOR RESUSCITATION DURING 1929 Note: These certificates were awarded for meritorious service in resuscitation to those not eligible for the medal. Sylvester Steiner, Jr., Alabama Dry Dock & Shipbldg. Co., Mobile, Ala. Robert A. Lartigue, Alabama Dry Dock & Shipbldg. Co., Mobile, Ala. Wilmer M. Mayson, Alabama Dry Dock & Shipbldg. Co., Mobile, Ala. J. B. Lester, Roxana Petroleum Co., East Chicago, Ind. Clarence A. Marshall, Police Officer, Los Angeles, Cal. Elmer G. Casey, Police Officer, Los Angeles, Cal. Joseph B. Ryan, Southwestern Bell Telephone Co., St. Louis, Mo. Albert Lorenz, Cincinnati & Suburban Telephone Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. A. S. Roughton, San Joaquin Light & Power Co., Fresno, Cal. J. Doyle, Continental Oil Co., Denver, Colo. Ralph J. Dempsey, New Jersey Bell Telephone Co., Newark, N. J. James W. Hassett, Brooklyn Union Gas Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Thomas S. McKitty, Brooklyn Union Gas Co., Brooklyn, N. Y. Leon B. Cox, The Ohio Oil Co., Find lay, Ohio. When uniting advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS January, 1930 67 REMARKABLE EFFICIENCY IX THE "INSTANT" LINE (Jra-mrat) You can extinguish more classes of fires with the new "Instant" line than with any other hand portable fire fighting device. Under tests at Underwriters'Laboratories, this extinguisher put out in nine seconds a fire which requires from 25 to 35 seconds with other types of extinguishers, it not only extinguishes any kind of a fire in a minimum of time, but does not support combustion afterward. Large industrial plants everywhere have standardized on the "Instant" line. Names gladly furnished upon request. Many fire departments are using the "Instant" extinguishers exclusively in hand portable equipment. Here's why: 20 Qal. Instant Engine ANTI-FREEZE. Operates efficiently at 40 decrees below zero. 2 WOOD AND GENERAL FIRES. Instantly rsctinguiahes wood and genera! fires formerly calling for Soda-Acid and Foam. <1 GAS. OIL OR PAINT. Extinguishes fires in gasoline, oil and paint, kerosene and grease. Listed by Underwriters' Laboratories. Exclusively a Fyr-Fyter product. 1% Gat. Instant Built In three sizes, l-gallon, i *4-gallon hand portable extinguishers and a one-man oper ated 20-Gallon Engine. HAVE YOU SEEN OUR NEW CATALOG? Tour copy of this 25-page catalog contatns the latest developments in devices for combat ing (Ires, A complete library of Information which lists many individual items and many Illustrations, including our complete line of machines and recharges. Send for It today. THE FYR-FYTER COMPANY 10525 Fyr-Fyter Bldg., Dayton, Ohio. THE AULD GUARD /or Shapers and Universal Wood Working Machines 'T'HE Auld Guard is primarily a hold-down device to prevent the dangerous kick back which is the cause of the majority of injuries on shapers and Universal wood working ma chines. In addition to the hold-down features, the spring tension block and hoop shown in the illustration encircle the shaper head and offer a considerable degree of protection. When used on a Universal machine, the hoop is re moved. The guard is built to stand rough usage and is easily adjustable in all directions. The Auld Guard has been thoroughly tested in service for the past two years in one of the largest industrial organizations in the United States. It was invented by William Auld, a practical shaper hand, and may be used on 90% of the operations on which a shaper is used. Standard Safety Equipment Co. 410 North Michigan Ave., Chicago 1060 Broad St., Newark, N. J. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS (IS XATfOXAE SAFETY S'F.iVS fire protection and prevention! GEO. W. DIENER MFG. CO. 408 N. Montlc.Ilo Av., CHICAGO fc 4 k A * 4 A . 1 ^ 4. A 4 A ponsored by five of the strongest organizations in the S1 city, safety week in Beaumont, Tex,, ' saw every organized group striving cooperatively to put over to indi viduals the importance of practicing ' safety at all times. The sponsoring I organizations consisted of the Chamber of Commerce, Young Aten's Business League, American Legion, American Automobile Assoj ciation, and schools, all of whom threw their entire forces behind the movement and called to their assist ance much outside help. .Ministers preached safety, sehools taught safety in every class, Sunday schools included it in their Sunday lessons, luncheon clubs had nothing but safety in their programs, wom en's clubs gave their meetings to the subject, industries and public utili ties combined their efforts with the general scheme, junior safety coun cils devoted their entire time to pre; senting safety playlets, movies car1 ried safety trailers and made films ) of the events, street cars carried I signs inside and out, fraternal or ders carried the message to their membership, newspapers devoted space to it, printers, advertising companies and individuals gave ma terial and time to the program, boy scouts plastered the city with signs and posters and girl reserves and school children tagged every citizen for safety. I In addition to the individual pro grams in industry, schools, churches, women's dubs, fraternal orders, etc., the general committee supervised 75 ` programs, distributed eighty thou sand pieces of literature, posted five hundred signs, furnished books for schools and literature to numerous organizations. The days of the week of Novem ber 4 were designated in the order of "Safe Driving," "Safe Walking," "Industrial Safety," "Home Safety," "Child Safety," and "Community Safety." Programs, speeches, radio talks and newspaper write-ups were prepared specially for each day and schools studied each in consecutive order. Among the speakers who ad dressed meetings during the week were H. N. Blakeslee, petroleum representative, and Ernest W. Corn, field representative of the National Safety Council, and D. J. Wallace, director, Safety Section, Mid Conti nent Oil and Gas Association. Many stunts were used to attract attention to safe practice, two out standing ones being the goat stunt and ambulance display. Two goats led through the streets, one of which was bandaged, carried the signs. "Don't Kid About Safety," and "You May Be the Goat." Each day an ambulance drove through the streets carrying the signs, "Put our Emer gency Ambulances Out of Busi ness," and "Make Beaumont the Safest City in the World." Snow Storm Reveals Long- Time Parkers RECENT snow itorm in St. Louis showed up the long-time Aparkers on the city streets, according to the Globe-Democrat. Thousands of automobiles bore evidence on the tops, radiators and running boards of the length of time they had stood, which in many cases was longer than "is compatible with proper uses of the streets for traffic and reasonable park ing of persons who want space for temporary curb stops." When leritinq advertisers, j'lease mention S'ATlOXA L SAFETY NEWS January, I'K'O r>n Igtthis Scientifically Correct Non-Skid Surface Solveljour Under-loot Safety Problems The scientifically designed projections of Central "Knobby" Non-Skid Plates are correctly spaced to provide maximum "slip prevention" without tiring those who walk or stand on them and permit easy sweeping and cleaning. Used on floors in factories and public buildings, building entrances, bridges, elevated and subway approaches, stairs, ramps, manhole covers, platforms, etc., they provide absolute slip fall protection regardless of grease, snow; and ice conditions. Let us send you a sample U'ith complete data. Central Iron & Steel Co. Harrisburg, Penna. Branch Offices in All Principal Cities "KNOBBY" NON-SKID Si REGISTERED Wm U.S. PATENT OFFICE LUTES UNDERWRITER^ LABORATORIES INSPECTED SA443 PRESTO BANDAGE A Complete Dressing for Minor Injuries PRESTO BANDAGE contains the three essentials in the treatment of small wounds, cuts and scratches. STERILIZATION: The center gauze pad is treated with a highly efficient antiseptic. AERATION: Presto bandage is the only combination dressing which allows perfect aeration of the wound. PROTECTION FROM IMPURITIES: Although the muslin back of the bandage must be ungummed to permit ventilation, this back is so tightly woven that it prevents the entrance of dust or other foreign sub- stance. Furthermore, the ,, 'V-. medicated gauze lies in con- ' v stant contact with the X* , wound as long as the " ' . ' Presto Bandage is in use TIME lost in dressing and treating wounds resulting from minor injuries. TIME spent by nurses and First Aid personnel. TIME lost from work by employees not injured. TIME lost by men operating machinery who have been injured. MATERIAL wasted on dressings. INTERFERENCE WITH PRODUCTION. The material used in PRESTO BANDAGE is flexible and assures free movement of any finger if applied on joint. --lessening the possibility of infection. PRESTO BANDAGE cuts the cost of FIRST AID by saving-- Shabjp 65 East Lake St. s,MinTM Chicago, 111, New Bandage Old Bandage General First Aid Supplies When writing advertisers, please mention XATIOS'AL SAFETY XEIVS TO NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS SAFET YiWhat Can We Get^ plus big returns /) Or What Can We Give? from Some Reasons for Participating in the Work of the National Safety Council Air Finishing Equipment By WILL COOPER The Stevens Hotel Company; Chairman, Food. Section, National Safety Council SIMPLE layout of Paasche airfinishing equip ment including Universal Multiplehead Airbrush, quick clamptight safety pressure tank, airconditioning unit, 6 ft. Exhaust Booth and compres sor, paid for itself in less than a week in the plant of a well known manufacturer, who saved annually $27,864; in creased production 500% with equipment costing only $421.20. A very small invest ment with a very high return. In addition to paying tremendous dividends, Paasche units are safe. The sectional airfinishing ventilat ing booths illustrated are explosionproof. Got credit for introducing this safe ancf money saving airfinishing system in your own plant. Ask for recommendations without cost or obligation to you. Send coupon for complete details. 1937 Diversey Parkway Chicago, Illinois New York Pittsburgh r>*nrec Boaton C!reiand Lo Angeles Philadelphia Detroit Seattle St. Louis A. R, Williams Machinery Co., Torooto SERVICE THAT PATS DIVIDENDS PAASCHE AIRBRUSH COMPANY IS37 Diversey Parkway Chleage, Illinois Send facta oa time and material larings with Paasche equip* meet Hare one ot your engineers study our finishing nd ventilat ing problems, without obligation. Name ............................................................................. . Address ......................................................................... . HEN a concern joins the Na moral sense. It is something which, Wtional Safety Council and if properly appreciated and expanded, appoints a man or a group of mencatonnot help but cause the United carry on the safety work they prSotbates, if not the world generally, to ably restrict the scope of their paacuse and regard some of the finer tivities to their own particular plsaennttiments--some of the meta-physical and begin to function from a stand things of life and business, to teach I point of what they can do to prevent accidents exclusively in their own fac tory or industry. This is all right as far as it goes and it is seeking the primary object of the membership, but us that we should not forget the per sonal element, that we should not think of our fellow beings as mere units in the industrial machine. In this aspect, a membership in the it is not all there is to the institution National Safety Council affords in of safety. The National Safety Coun calculable opportunities for doing cil is the exponent of a .great moral good. We should be members of the movement. Council not altogether for what we I can remember as a boy that we can get out of it for ourselves, but also went four blocks to a drug store to use for what we can give through it to a telephone because only one residence others. People who are religious sup in that part of town had one. There port a church mainly for their own was only one residence in the whole salvation but they also do it for the city of i.50,000 equipped with electric missionary work that the church does lights and that belonged to the chief to benefit some who are less fortunate engineer of the electric light company. than themselves. When we consider the advances So I urge you to support the Coun that have been made in these two cil and take part in its activities and utilities alone, we get some concep the work of this section. Even if tion of the scientific discoveries that you incline to the belief that your busi have been made in all lines even dur ness is not a hazardous one and that ing the brief span of one human life, you don't need to seriously undertake and we realize what Lord Kelvin had accident prevention work in your own in mind when he said that, "it does not industry, there are others who do. now become the man of science to Is it not worth while to promote an doubt anything." instrument of propaganda that will We now have transportation at more cause them to pause and reflect on the than 300 miles an hour, and we have injuries and deaths that they unwit television and radio to enable us to tingly cause? see and hear without visible connec Every member of this section owes tion. Business has made correspond it to himself to support, as far as he ing developments in manufacturing can, the public safety movement, the processes and marketing methods, such local safety campaigns, and to try as mass production and deferred pay especially to get more members for ment selling, which have operated to the National Organization. I hope place many of these innovations in the that this next year will see our mem hands of the masses. We have been bership doubled. It can be done if advancing so fast that we have not each member will secure one new one. learned to use with judgment all of the things that scientific knowledge has given us. In other words, our moral The Rural Parking Problem development has not kept pace with our physical development. That is why I say the safety move ment is a great moral movement. It is something that will stimulate our Before the Food Section, Eighteenth Annual Safety Congreas. ARMERS have petitioned the City FCouncil of Centralia, 111., for more parking space for their horses. So many motor cars are parked in the downtown streets that the horse own ers can't find any place to hitch. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS January, 1930 71 NISSLY FLOOR LINER Builds Avenues of Safety in Your Plant A FEW years ago traffic regulations were unheard of--but today your life would be in "^danger if modem traffic methods were not enforced. As in a city--so in your plant-- there should be definite traffic lanes. The Nissly Floor Liner makes neat, definitely defined traffic lines--making it easy to keep your stocks in order--making it possible for workmen to walk through your plant without fear of stumbling, which might result in serious injury. The machine paints as you walk. No waste of time. Nissly Floor Liners promote Safety and Efficiency at low cost Write for details WALTER S. NISSLY 43 CLINTON ST., N., YORK, PA. Protect Your Feet With "GARDTOES" CHIPPEWA "GARDTOE" Safety Shoes are unusual, practical, comfortable shoes with an outstanding safety feature which protects all toes--yet there is plenty of space for toe freedom. The patented box toe has prevented many foot injuries. It is recom mended for use in all phases of industry. Gro-Cord soles and heels emphasize the safety of Chippewas by presenting a nonskid surface. All have steel arch supports which add greatly to foot comfort. Write today /or details of this'unusual foot protection. CHIPPEWA SHOE MFG. CO. CHIPPEWA FALLS, WISCONSIN * 0 CHIPPEWA SHOE M_FG. CO. 00i Chippewa Falls, Wls. Gentlemen: 00 000 0 Please send us ........................ pairs of No. S991Q OAJtDTOE shoes, size........................ for 10 days* free examination. If they do not measure up to my Idea of a safety shoe, we can return them and charge will be cancelled. 0* Company i 0 Address . 00 Name ., 0 00 Position 0 When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS NATIONAL SAFETY NElvs HAVE YOU A Plan Third National Conference FOOTSORE on Highway Safety PLANT?- ACME Non-Slip Steel Safety Mats serve many purposes--they are a precaution against acci dents resulting from wet, oily or worn places, keep workmen's feet dry, pro vide comfortable footing and greatly lessen foot soreness. Acme mats mean safer, more efficient production at low cost. Install this comfortable, underfoot safety feature and notice the difference in your plant morale. Send Coupon for the Remedy ACME STEEL COMPANY 2840 ARCHER AVENUE CHICAGO ACME STEEL CO. S840 Archer Awe., Chicago Please send me a sample of Non-Slip Steel Safety Mats. your Acme t ompany Position . HE Third National Conference Only two points of major import Ton Street and Highway Safety, ance were brought out in the dis which will be attended by a thoucu ssion. One of these was the ac sand or more delegates from evetriyon ut New jersey and Wisconsin -tate in the Union, will be held in adopting, as a state law. not only Washington next May under leadePrart 4 of the Uniform Vehicle Code ship of Secretary of Commerce Rob regulating the operation of vehicles ert P. Lament, according to plans on the highways, but also consider laid by the Executive Committee of able portions of the Model Munici the Conference, headed by William pal Ordinance, even though the lat E. Metzger of Detroit, at its meeting ter was originally intended for city in Washington December 16. Like adoption. It was tentatively agreed the first and second conferences that where constitutionally possible, held in 1924 and 1926 under chair the New Jersey and Wisconsin ex manship of Herbert Hoover, then ample might svell he emulated in Secretary of Commerce, the purpose other states and that portions of of this national gathering will be to the Ordinance might he added to increase the public interest in and the Code as an optional appendix knowledge of the traffic accident for adoption by the states if desired, problem and to secure general The other major question is speed agreement on needed remedies. regulation, and especially the top According to present plans, the Conference will receive reports from six committees as follows: Maintenance of the Motor Ve hicle. Protection of Railway Grade Crossings and Major Highway In tersections. Relief of Traffic Congestion. Uniform Traffic Regulation. Law Enforcement. Statistics. Of these, the last two subjects were covered by comprehensive re ports at the earlier conferences and now require only an up-to-date re statement to furnish the public with authoritative information on these vitally important aspects of traffic accident prevention. On the other four subjects, committees are now' actively at work, and three of the four committees met in Washington during December. limit of 85 miles per hour now speci fied in the Uniform Code, formulat ed several years ago. As reported in Public Safety for November. 16 states in their recent legisla tive sessions adopted either a higher maximum limit or no limit what ever. and it is generally agreed that modern vehicles and highways make speeds over 35 miles per hour quite safe under favorable circumstances. The committee was not entirely sat isfied either with raising the limit to 40 or 45, or removing it entirely, and instructed a drafting sub-com mittee to try to work out some more rational system of speed regulation. The same sub-committee, of which Miller McClintock is chairman, will formulate for submission to the whoie committee definite provisions on other relatively minor details. The committee on Maintenance of the Motor Vehicle, headed bv Wil The Committee Uniform Traffic liam Candler of Atlanta, received Regulation, whose meeting was at reports from sub-committees previ tended by nearly 80 representatives ously appointed, on statistics, tech of various interests and districts, nical testing and maintenance stand gave careful consideration to the ex ards, and methods for securing prop perience of recent years in connec er maintenance. After considerable tion with the existing Uniform debate and some amendments these Vehicle Code and Model Municipal reports were adopted and will now Traffic Ordinance and unanimously be consolidated into one report for agreed that these model laws have the entire committee. It was agreed stood up remarkably well under the that, while available statistics are microsopic examinations which have unsatisfactory and conflicting, prop been given them in nearly every er maintenance of vehicles is of great state and in scores of cities. The importance for both safety and committee earlv adopted a resolu economy of operation; and that to tion stating tiiat experience had obtain better maintenance a variety proved tiie soundness of these Saws of measures are desirable, including and that only a few minor changes, more strict attention to defective if any, required consideration. vehicles by law enforcement agen- IVhat zvritiiiff advertisers. please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS lanuary, 19SO 73 Economy as well as safety TN INDUSTRY there Is A no economy without safety. Low prices, cheap materials do not mean economy. Strong, reliable, tested products are neces sary for production in any branch of industry. Taylor Mesaba Chains have no "weak links." They are made of a spe cial grade of triple re rolled, refined iron. welded and thoroughly proof tested. Material in Taylor Chains is in spected from its rawest state until it becomes the finished product, ready for use. You expect unusual serv ice from a chain--it is ex pected to function under great strain. Taylor Mesabas will more than live up to' your expecta tions. S. G. TAYLOR CHAIN COMPANY P. O. Box 1Z97-F Hammond, Indiana Insure Your Feet with that measure of safety afforded by weariny Endicott-Johnson's TOE SAVER SHOES Proven against pressure--oil-- gasoline--kerosene--water and heat. Made and recommended by Endicott Johnson Workers Dealers Everywhere When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 74 NATIONAL SAFETY NEIVS | eies as well as the most careful vol untary inspection and maintenance I by fleet owners and owners of pri vate passenger cars, the latter espe cially requiring encouragement and assistance along this line from the motor vehicle manufacturers and dealers. Recent steps taken by the manufacturers to bring about the final retirement of old cars fit only for the junk heap, were strongly commended. The committee on Protection of Railway Grade Crossings and Major Highway Intersections, whose chair man is Williem R. Dawes, of Chi cago. gave similar attention to sub committee reports on statistics, j physical hazards, signs, signals and I other protective devices, and vehicle HOLCOMB - - regulations, all of which will be welded into a report for the whole committee. - - LEGGINGS INSURE PROTECTION A. S. A. Approves Code for Building Exits TJOLGOMB Leggings are recog nized as standard equipment for foun dries, steel plants, smelters, and other industries where leg and foot protection is essential. The asbestos, chrome tan leather, and fire proofed duck used in Holcomb Leggings is a proved protection against heat and splashes of molten metal. There is a Holcomb Garment for every need. Write today for complete details. HOLCOMB SAFETY GARMENT CO. Manufacturer* 118 North JeSferson St. CHICAGO, ILL. A .% ATIOXAL standard safety A code for building exits aimed to cut down the annual loss of thousands cit lives by fire in the United States, lias just been approved by the. Ameri can Standards Association and made available for adoption by state and municipal authorities and for use by architects, engineers and builders. The code was prepared by a technical committee of 30 representatives of tafety and insurance organizations, federal government departments, state departments of labor, local fire depart ments, architects, engineers and others. It represents sixteen years of study by this committee and its predecessors. The National Fire Protection Asso ciation assumed the technical leader ship in the preparation of the code under the national standardization procedure of the American Standards Association. The code contains an entire new section on theaters and other places of public assembly, and a revision and enlargement of a tenta tive code issued in 1927, covering safe exit provisions for schools, hospitals, department stores, factories and other occupancies. In the section on theaters, the code says : The practice of allowing persons to stand near exits, however, should be discouraged if not prohibited altogether. The utilization of standing space within theaters or motion picture theater auditoriums should be pro hibited. The code also states that: The line of travel to an exit door by any aisle shall be not greater than 150 feet, and if more than 100 feet it shall have not more than one angle or turn. Not more than 20 transverse rows of seats shall be placed between cross aisles. Not more than JO rows of seats nor 12 feet of rise may be placed between cross aisles where steps' are provided in the main aisles to overcome differences in level. Cross aisles shall be not less than 44 inches wide, unless railed away from the seats fronting thereon. Sf so railed the width shall not be less than three feet. Particular attention in the code is devoted to fire drills: In buildings where the population is of a changing character and not under discipline, for example, in hotels or in department stores, no regularly organized fire exit drill, such as that which may he conducted in schools, is possible. In such cases the fire exit drills must he limited to the regular employees who, however, can be thoroughly schooled in the proper procedure and can be trained to properly direct other occupants ot the building in case of fire. In occupancies such as hospitals, no regularly constituted fire exit drill is practicable. Here again, however, the regular employees can be re hearsed in the proper procedure in case of fire; such training always is advisable in all occupancies, whether or not regular fire exit drills can be held. In an extensive section of the code devoted to schools, school buildings of low height are recommended because of their greater safety. The code recognizes the necessity for higher buildings in cities, however, and pro vides accordingly. The code stipulates that schools should have corridors at least eight feet wide and it recom mends that in elementary schools lockers should not be located in corridors. In the part of the code devoted to department stores it is provided that no portion of any building or section shall be more than 100 feet (along the line of travel) from the nearest exit. Advice to Slow Drivers WO spirited letters have come to the Massachusetts Safety TCouncil from motorists who object to being called "road mopes.'' Says one of them: "Just because I want to enjoy the scenery is no reason why I should be charged with the respon sibility of drivers who cut out of traffic and get involved in accidents." The other writes: "How can a motorist tell when he is a `road mope' and what can he do about it. assum ing that 25 miles an hour is as fast as he wants to drive ?" Here is the advice given by the Massachusetts Safety Council: "If you are driving on a highway used by tnanv motorists, and you see the car ahead disappearing in the distance, look behind you. If you are leading a procession, then you are a `road mope.' All you have to do is to draw off to the right and permit these motorists to go ahead." When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS January, 1930 PIONEER GOGGLES Under all conditions a Leather Padded Goggle assures greater comfort 75 V_ No. 3036 A most practical goggle. The special patented bar bridge permits complete adjustability. May be obtained with leather padding or plain, with heavy industrial temples or elastic headbands. No. 3026 Where a regular bridge goggle is desired, we offer our No. 3026 with an assortment of bridge size*. Obtainable either plain or leather padded with heavy industrial temples or elastic headbands. For further particulars write your own jobber. DUPAUL-CENTRAL OPTICAL COMPANY , INC. Designers and Manufacturers of Protection Gogglesfor a Quarter of a Century. SOUTHBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS. Purify Oils and Solutions With This Powerful, but Harmless Disinfectant --lessening loss of time, decreased output and high compensation insurance rates Skin eruptions, boils, pusforming sores, follicle rash, etc., are prevalent among those operators who must work in cutting oil and coolants. Sy ipho-Xathoi is a power ful, but harmless disinfect ant. When added to cuting oil in such small quantities as 1% by vol ume, it immediately begins its elimination of the pus forming bacteria. Sylpho-Xathol is used widely -- its practicability has been fully tested. It has been used in the home and hospital for more than Write for bulletin giving more complete information and for a free working sample. Svlpho-Xathol comes in one, five, rind ten gallon cans, thirty and fifty gallons bar rels. THE SULPHO-NAPTHOL COMPANY 4 Sudbury St., Boston SylphoNathol ANTISEPTIC DISINFECTANT GERMICIDE When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 70 NATIONAL SAFETY XEll'S The Clark Governor of New Jersey Calls Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Second Highway Conference Inhalator THE Clark Inhalator is particularly well adapted for administering the Seven Percent Treat ment, due to the fact that it provides an unlimited flow to the victim and yet wastes no gas whatso ever. It has been tested and approved by the Commit tee on Apparatus of the American Gas Associa tion. Send for Circular McDonald ENGINEERING CORPORATION 220 Varet Street Brooklyn, N. Y. : U ilirect the attention ut the leading I A business and protessiouai men ana 1 Saw entorcement uiticers ut .Sew jersey I to the tact that entorcement ut traffic f laws has not kept pace with the engineer ing side ot safety, Uovernor Morgan b. Larson called the becond New Jersey Mreet and Highway Satety Lonterencc which was hela in Newark, on November t!0. A request was sent to every munici pality, every chamber ot commerce and every impOtant civic organization in tne state to appoint two delegates. In addi tion, invitations were sent to state othcials concerned with public satety, to leading members of the legislature, and to prom inent citizens. The conference consisted of two ses sions ana was attended by more than 4UU persons, of whom 2D4 were olheial repre sentatives ot some 75 cities, towns, bor oughs and villages of the state, bupervision and discipline of street and high way satety formed the keynote ot the conference. I he program was prepared to include talks by the state motor vehicle commissioner, a judge ot state-wide rep utation who has been officially identified with community satety work, and the chairman of tne State Legislative ! rathe Commission. The national aspects of the problem were presented by A. W. Koehler, secretary of the National Con ference on Street and Highway Safety, and by Miller McClintock, director ot the Erskine Bureau, Harvard University, and vice-president of the National Safety Council, The fruits of the conference were con tained in the resolutions unanimously adopted by the delegates and which are being widely distributed throughout the state to the governmental departments, the legislature and organization which have special interest or jurisdiction. The resolutions include the following: 1. Endorsement of the study of traffic signal lights being made by the National Conference on Street and Highway Safety to the end that national standards may be attained. 2. Urging that jail sentences instead of fines be imposed upon motor ists found guilty of reckless driv ing3. Endorsement of the plan to create a permanent state traffic commis sion of three members which shall have supervision over all traffic laws and which shall establish a record bureau for statistics of traffic accidents and recording of data concerning violations of the traffic iaws. 4. Commendation of the motor ve hicle department's work in prose cuting "drunken driver" cases. ,5, Calling on local governmental agencies to review the placement of stop street signs, and, wherever practicable, to substitute warning signs on the less important streets and highways. 6. Urging citizens and visitors to cooperate in the enforcement of our traffic iaws and ordinances by refraining from assisting in the killing of tickets. 7. Calling on the attorney general to assist the courts .n the interpreta tion of controversial points in the state traffic iaw, if any, and to in stitute test cases if necessary. 5. Asking that traffic hazards be pre sented to all meetings of organ ized groups throughout the state and requesting the State Board of Education to give increased emphasis to safety education in public schools. 9. Suggesting that legislation be en acted requiring court officers to endorse on .the back of drivers' licenses facts concerning convic tions for violations of the traffic laws and ordinances, at the time the conviction is obtained. 10. Suggesting that the issuance of motor vehicle licenses be prohib ited where owners cannot show evidence that the motor vehicles were inspected after September 30 of the preceding year. 11. Urging that legislation be enacted requiring all motor vehicles to be equipped with reflectors to be placed at the rear of the vehicle (near the tail light) which will reflect the lights of cars approaching from the rear and thus give protection in case of failure of tail light. 12. Urging that pathways be provided alongside state and county high ways for the use of pedestrians who now find it necessary to walk on paved roads. The honorary chairman of the con ference was Governor Larson and honor ary vice-chairmen were appointed from nine of the larger communities of the state. The general managing committee in charge of the conference was under the chairmanship of Robert J. Rendall, president of the Hudson City Savings Bank, withFred M. Rosseland, secretarymanager of the Newark Safety Council, as secretary, and John j. Fitzgerald, executive secretary of Paterson Chamber of Commerce, serving as chairman of the resolutions committee. .Allison J. Van Brunt, director of safety education for the Public Service Corporation of New Jer sey, served as chairman of the registration committee. The conference went on record requesting that the general man aging committee continue in office to se cure maximum possible action on the resolutions and the general purposes of the conference, and, furthermore, author izing it to call another conference if and when deemed necessary. WANTED Position Safety Engineer, capa ble of handling employment depart ment and safety work. Will consider insurance company or in dustrial plant any place in the South. Understand compensation schedule rating. Address Box 262 National Safety News. When writing advertisers, {lease mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS January, 1930 Ice Coated Streets Cause Traffic- Tieups | CITY | IT.'i i __________ = TRDCK SKIDS, ` 1^2 DEAD 17 HURT ON ICY STREEf iTM man i* ww -* s. Many Injured by Siding Autos on Icy Roa&.~~ Several Coasters '.mAUM ..... W*2, nutncio awuw* gpetkeon . -i'****-*** ares; ms H***'*na DEAD, 17 INJURED/ ^ HU t*** <Wn* Handiftp* TroUejri, Autoa, : * Walkers A little sand or cinders would have prevented this. The pro tection against ice is more important than the removal of snow. "HANDY SANDY" Spreads miles of protection at low costs. Made in two sizes for use with all types of trucks. Write for Information: HIGHWAY SERVICE, Incorporated, 11 North Sixth Street, NEW BEDFORD, MASS. Heat--Flame--Splashing Metal These are the hazards of foundry and steel mill. Terrific heat, leaping flames, flying sparks. White hot metal that iashes out like a serpent's tongue. And the he-men who meet these dangers daily need special equipment for safety. The "ALLSAFE" Speed Legging is the newest development for the safeguarding of metal workers' legs. On or off in an instant. Xo buckles, straps or springs. Entirely comfortable. Adjustable to perfect fit without finding or chafing. And Heat, Metal or Acid Cannot Get Through The new AUsafe special fastener makes it possible to whip legging off with one quick pull. Duralumin side brace gives strong though flexible support. Soft chrome leather flare. Fibre board slip front protection. General construction to give great comfort with long life. American Allsafe Co. 71 West Huron St. Buffalo, N. Y. A sample pair for your inspection will be sent upon request, just mail the coupon. * J American AUsafe Co., t Huffalo, N. Y. i * J l You may send me for inspection a pair of AUsafe Speed Leggings. J ii N-ame _____ __ __ ___ _________ ___ ___ ________________,_____________ + * *t * Address ........ . _____ * When ivriiing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 78 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Flohr Automatic The Honor Roll ! Details of No-Accident records in excess of 50,000 man-days, or 300 working days, are invited for publication in this department Records may be for an en tire plant or for a department Special reporting forms furnished on request Saw and Jointer Guards i for Woodworking iMachinery ! Superior Saw Guards are made in sizes to fit saws from 6 in. to 30 in. in diameter. The SUPERIOR SAW GUARD, operating absolutely automatically, adjusting itself to the varying thicknesses of lumber with no attention from the operator, leaves the opera tor free to devote his entire at tention to the work at hand. Increased production and satis faction of the operator are as sured. READ the reasons why: 1. Safety, 2. Sturdy and rigid con struction. 3. Vibration practically eliminated. 4. Operates on either tilt ing or non-tilting saw table or tilting saw ar bor. 5. Equipped with splitter. 6. Equipped with "nonkick-back" fingers. If you are not familiar with the Flohr Saw and Jointer Guards, send send forone onour ten-day-trial basis. Manufactured by Helios Mfg. Corp* P. O. Box 487 Buffalo, New York Chicago & Illinois Midland Railway. With 60 men employed, the locomotive department of the Chicago & Illinois Midland Railway Co. at Taylorville, 111., has operated since October 26, 1927, without a three-day reportable injury, a total of 77S days at the time of reporting. Eagle-Picher Lead Co., The. The following departmental records are reported by the Eagle-Picher Lead Co., Hillsboro, 111. Department Yards Sulphuric Extra Hegeler Maintenance General Oxide No. Men 23 9 9 11 16 12 42 No. Days 1,344 1,257 569 564 469 292 176 Eastern New Jersey Power Co. The Eastern New Jersey Power Co., operating trolley cars and buses and serv ing electricity to an area on the northern Xew jersey seashore, operated from June 14 to December 2, 1929, without a lost time accident. During this time the ex posure was 469,858 man-hours. The rec ord was broken when a merchandise salesman, crossing the street in front of the office, was struck by an automobile. Kansas City Public Service Co. On Saturday, December 7, 1929, the general repair shops of the Kaasas City Public Service Co., Kansas City, Mo., completed a full year without a lost-time accident. This shop employs an average of 180 men. At the time of going to press the accident was still unbroken. Midvale Co., The The entire steel mill of The Midvale Company at Nicetown, Philadelphia, Pa., established the best record since the or ganization of safety work in the plant 20 years ago by operating 112 working days without a lost-time accident. The aver age working force was 2,152 and the total exposure was 241,024 man-days. This record, which is one of the best yet es tablished for any industry, terminated October 10, 1929, when a machinist suf fered a broken arm. A previous record of 165,325 man-days came to an end on March 8, 1929. The Midvale Company was the winner of the trophy in Group, A of the Iron and Steel Safety Contest with a frequency rate of 1.404 for the first six months of 1929. Shell Petroleum Corp. Norco Refinery of the Shell Petroleum Corp. at Sellers, La., with 1203 employees, ended a record of 58 days without a lost time accident when a cleanout foreman suffered a foot injury. The total exposure was 69,774 man-days. Tennessee Copper Co. The following records of days worked without lost-time accidents, which are -till unbroken at the time of reporting (December 9): The lead-burning crew, with 41 men, has worked since November 4, 1926, a total of 1,131 days without lost time. The exposure was 46,371 man-days. The power and electric department, has operated since July 1, 1928, with an aver age force of 32 men. A total of 525 work ing days or 16,800 man-days. The Mechanical Department has had no lost-time accident since May 9, 1928, a total of 577 working days or 42,655 mandays. Union Carbide Co. Clarksburg Works of the National Car bon Co., Clarksburg, W. Va., completed a second consecutive year without a lost time accident on October 14, 1929. This period covered 823,865 man-hours and the average number of employees, was 159. East St. Louis Works of the National Carbon Co. at East St. Louis, 111., has also completed two years without a lost time accident. During the two-year pe riod ending October 11, 1929, the exposure was 807,549 man-hours. The average number of employees was 159. Duluth Works of the American CarboHte Co., Inc., Duluth, Minn., on Septem ber 22, 1929, completed a full year with out a lost-time accident. During this period 72 employees worked 185,489 man hours. The plant is engaged in the manu facture of ferro-alloys by electric furnace process and in sheet metal fabrication. The above records have not yet been broken. All plants operating a full year or 1,500,000 man-hours receive a bronze tablet in recognition of the accomplish ment. *** Union Drawn Steel Co. With an average force of 180 men, the Union Drawn Steel Co. at Gary, Ind., completed 100 days without a lost-time accident on November 30, and at the time of reporting the record was still intact. The exposure was 140,535 man hours during the period. A mixed com mittee of foremen and workmen has been instrumental in bringing about a reduc tion of accidents. United States Asbestos Co. The United States Asbestos Co, at Manheim Pa., had long tried for the goal of a month without a lost-time accident, but 28 days seemed the limit. During November, 1929, their ambition was achieved and the record at the time of reporting stood at 45 days. The aver age number of employees was 478. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS January, 1930 79 This Free Applicator Bottle of MERCURO* CHROME will convince you that it is the logical successor to Tincture Iodine for First Aid Prophylactic and General Antiseptic Use--- 11^ ERCUROCHROME stains as Iodine does, and it is the stain of Mercurochrome, as it is of Iodine, that shows just where and how effectively the germicide has been ap plied ; it fixes the bactericidal agent in the field for a relatively permanent period which prolongs the asepsis or the steriliz ing effect, and it provides for demonstrable penetration into the tissues beneath the superficial surfaces. Inasmuch as Mercurochrome is definitely proved an extremely efficient general antiseptic, it is only reasonable to consider it the successor to Iodine in this field, as it is free from the objec tionable features of Iodine, for Mercurochrome does not irritate, burn or injure tissue. Sell yourselves first with this free sample: HYNSON, WESTCOTT &1DUNNING BALTIMORE, MD. HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING Dept. 3, Baltimore, Md. Please send me free Mercurochrome Appli cator Bottle for personal use. Name --------------- Company....... . Address .................... When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 80 XATIO.VAL SAFETY XEfYS FOR GASOLINE AND OTHER HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS Swabbing Can -- Reservoir tank supplies liquid a s needed. A safe and ef f i cient means of moistening swabs and sponges. In case of ignition fire automatically goes out when moisture on top of screen burns away. f e t y Can -- rdy construc tion throughout. Heavy cast spout. Shock rim base of Vs steel protects lower seam s. Leaks practical ly impossible. Double cylin der screen in base of spout serves as flame baffle. Fire is prevented entering can. Safety present whether cap is on or off. (T*~3 Service Can -- Adapted to rapid filli n g and pouring. Full sized nozzle fits fill opening. Screen flame baffle in fill and pour openings. Protection with cap on or off. Cap stops leakage--pro vides seal and pressure relief. *" Wash Can -W i r e basket r e s t s in liquid, holds small parts. Several up and down movements thoroughly cleans these parts. In case of ignition, close lid and fire goes out. Mail Coupon Today for Catalog The Protectoseal Co., 226 N. Sheldon St. Chicago, 111. * THE PROTECTOSEAI, COMPANY, 0 24 North Sheldon St., Chicago, m. 4 Pleaee tend ut your catalo* "Safety De ll rloee for Hasmrdoua Liquids." 4 * Name ........................................................................... 4 + Address ................................................ .. Safety-izing the West Penn System t Continued from page 121 , iected the educational program is | foredoomed to failure. That this plan has brought results is indicated bv comparing the record ! of 1928 with that of 1923. During j 1923 the average number of lost- ! time accidents per month was 98; | during 192S the average was 18. I Improvement continued during i 1929, when the 2,548 employees of the West Penn Power Company worked two months without a lost time accident. The Power Division, with 1,000 men, had three clear months, and the Springdale station, with 250 employees, completed 393 days of safe operation. Accident prevention efforts do not I stop with "safetv-izing" the West Penn System. Independently and in conjunction with the Western Pennsylvania Safety Council, the company is extending its safety proi gram to the territory it serves with i electric power and railway services. One important contribution to the public has been the installation of inhalators at six central points in the territory. These devices are manned by trained rescue squads, skilled in resuscitation work, who I are available for emergency service i at any time anywhere within the I community. I Cars of the West Penn Railways Company are used to carry public safety messages, both on dash cards i and on interior car cards. White ! cars on which safety slogans are painted have been used in regular 1 service for several years. Community safety meetings are held frequently under West Penn auspices or in cooperation with ' other organizations. The company | band, in which Mr. Webb is band master and utility French horn play| er, helps to arouse enthusiasm and ; interest in meetings and is one of the many common interests of the employees. i The schools have also been beneI ticiaries of the greater safety pro gram of the West Penn System. ! Bulletin boards and memberships in i the Xationai Safety Council have been contributed to many schools. Speakers from the safety depart ment visit all schools twice a year and give talks before some 25,000 I children annually. Executives of the i company fee! that these community j activities are not only valuable in , improving public relations but also indirectly helpful in conducting safeI tv work among employees. EYES AT AGE FORTY At forty years of age there is greater need for glasses. As a result of this need the employe gets new habits, such as chatting with other workers and in different ways taking his eyes off his work. It is a physiological urge for rest yet the work er is unaware of the remedy. KINDY INDUSTRIAL EYESIGHT SURVEYS will lessen this waste and increase production. Write, Wire or Phone KINDY OPTICAL CO. 116 So. 13th Street PHILADELPHIA, PA. BRANCHES Milwaukee, IKtx. Detroit, Mich. Kalamazoo, Mich. St. Louis, Mo, St, Paul. Minn. Minneapolis. Minn. Duluth. Minn. Superior, IVis. Aurora, III. Lincoln, Neb. Pittsburgh. Pa. Philadelphia. Pa. When writing advertisers, j'tease mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS By-Products of a Safety Record ployee have become increasingly cordial. Employees are proud of the silver plaque hanging at the en The Financial Saving to the Company and to trance of the plant. From our observation the record Employees Was Only Part of the Benefits achieved thus far has been due large of a No-Accident Year ly to A. M. Weinmann, who is in di rect touch with the employees at all By J. R. STEGMAN hours of the day. This policy has encouraged friendship in all depart Manager, Hammar Brothers White Lead Company East St. Louis, III, ments and it has enabled the safety director and the employees to un derstand each other's problems. We URING 192s, there were 17 plant occurred November 22, 1928, D lost-time accidents in o u r and on November 22, 1929, we cele plant. One of them was a fatalibtyrated a full year without a lost and several resulted in serious ditsim e case--a remarkable improve abilities. The plant employs amnent over the experience of the pre average of 121) men. vious year. On June 30 we were For the first eight months of that awarded a silver plaque by the St. year there was no fixed safety pro Louis Safety Council as winner of gram. Safety was delegated to the our group in the industrial safety foremen of the various departments contest held during the preceding but there was little direction of their six months. For the contest the efforts. On September 1, 1928, a plants in St. Louis and the adjacent safety director was employed and territory in Illinois are divided into given jurisdiction over the whole seven divisions. plant, reporting directly to the man Since accomplishing a year with believe that these methods leave an indelible impression upon every man who, for any reason, leaves our em ploy. Employee turnover has been greatly reduced. Individual policies in our group life insurance program have been materially increased. Greater efficiency resulting from saf er production has been the means of increasing the wages of employees who deserved such increases. The direct savings to the company and to the employee are obvious. Along with the accident preven tion program greater attention has agement. One accident occurred out accidents we have found that our been given to health problems. Lead during the remaining four months of employees have shown greater loy poisoning, our greatest health haz the year as compared with 16 during alty, more efficiency and a deep ard, has been given special study the first eight months. sense of pride in their plant, and re and such cases have been almost The last lost-time accident in this lations between employer and em 'eliminated. The Reztior Quick-Acting, Safety Belt Shifter is an intensely practical device for preventing accidents on lathes, drill presses, shapers and other tools with cone pulleys. Mr. Plant Manager--It would be a good idea for you to know wliy along list of the best known plants in this country have equipped with Reznor Belt Shifters. We furnish the proof in your plant without obligation. Reznor Mfg. Co. - - * mercer, Pennsylvania When anting advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS <yj NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS MARSHALL'S GLOVES FOR LINEMEN A X electrician's hands are his /\ most valuable asset -- they should always be protected. Mar shall's Linemen's Gloves offer this protection, since they are designed especially for electricians and line men. Tested to 10,000 volts, they insure safety, service, durability. Marshall's Gloves are pliable and well-fitted, giving their wearer comfort as well as protection. The danger of handling electrical lines is greatly lessened by Mar shall's Rubber Gloves. Write for Catalog. LINEMEN PROTECTOR COMPANY Penobscot Bldg. DETROIT, MICH. HALSEY TAYLOR Drinking cfountains^ Why They're Health Safe ft'* not just an accv dent--this assured sani tation that Halsey Tay lor fountains give. It's the practical, automatic Ton owe It to yoarself to find out why Halsey Taylor Drink- stream control and twostream projector -- pat lor Fountains are more satis factory In every-day service, and why industrial plants, ented features that mean maximum health schools, public buildinrs, hos --safety and drinking pitals, etc., make sure of san itation by specifying HALSEY convenience, to say TAYLORS! j nothing <4 freedom The Halsey W. Taylor Co. from servicingl Warren, Ohio No. 603 illustrated herewith, a popular-priced vitreous china wall type with alt exposed fittings .chromium plated--and all the exclusive Tay lor features of esurset No. 618 Heavy vitreous receptor; Steel tablug standard and castiron open base for connections, a bore door line. Gray fin ish. Two-stream prolector, automatic stream control* One of many desirable types for industry! 44 Write for mastrated catalor showinr oomptete Halsey Taylor line. First Aid Treatment for Snake Bite By F. L. FLACK, M..D. Chief Surgeon, The Sinclair Oil and Gas Company O RENDER first aid treatment Tin eases of snake bite properly and intelligently, it is essential to understand the manner in which the snake bite produces its bad results and to counteract all these deleterious ac tions. The poisonous snakes of North America are rattlesnakes, cop perheads, vipers, moccasins, the coral snake and the gila monster. Of these the more common are the copperhead and the rattlesnake; the coral snake and the gila monster are found in Texas, Mexico and other southwest ern localities. To be of most value the treatment of snake bite should be immediate and thorough. We must do something at once and not wait until it is possible to secure serum, although there has, of course, been developed a serum which is highly efficient in the treatment of snake bite. Usually serum is not avail able immediately, and the highest im portance therefore attaches to first aid treatment. The poisons from all the poisonous snakes mentioned is similar. The first thing noticeable following a snake bite is a sharp sting, followed by a burning pain. Usually two small wounds, some times only one, are to be seen. Imme diately around these wounds there is a redness and swelling, which rapidly spread. Occasionally the fangs of the snake may be left in the tissues and these should be removed. The treat ment follows definite logical lines. The first thing is to prevent or re tard the entrance of the poison into the blood circulation. This is best ac complished by constricting the limb by application of a tourniquet. This is most effectively applied to that part of the limb in which there is but one bone, for example the upper arm or the thigh. The constriction, of course, must not be continued too long as it might produce gangrene. Men who have had first aid instruction know the length of time that a tourniquet may be applied with safety. The object is to retard the absorption of the poison. The constriction and tourniquet should be removed gradually. The next thing is to remove or de stroy the poison where it has been in jected into the tissues. This is best done by taking some sharp instrument, a clean knife or razor blade, and mak ing multiple cuts into the area that has been bitten. These cuts should be deep enough to make the area bleed freely When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS January, 1930 as in this way the poison will be washed out bv the blood. The area thus treated should next be covered with potash crystals or a strong solution of potassium permanganate. If a red hot iron is available this should be applied to the point that has been bitten. We should endeavor to hasten the elimination of the poison. This is best done by giving large doses of salts and also encouraging the patient to drink as much water as possible. The strength of the patient should be main tained. The body should be kept warm. Artificial respiration may be necessary. It should be remembered that the poison of serpents is eliminated quick ly and the patient suddenly recovers or it rapidly destroys life. Active treat ment and hope should be maintained to the end. Every method possible should be used to keep the patient alive. The element of time is of the greatest importance. Alcohol has no value in the treat ment of snake bite. It is oniv a tem porary stimulant and is followed by a depression, the last condition being far worse than if no tdcohol had been given. (N. 22 (>Uf< still, A lath tlilfrk--Shuts, JSxl28 Indus with Vi-Inch hslM) In Stock-- aluminum, brass, copper, steel and zinc blank sheets, ready to be made into guards to fit your particular needs. The Erdle Perforating Company also manu factures a complete line of Perforated Steel Metals. Erdle Metal is strong and durable. Above all-- it is economical. Guards made of this metal are found to be unusually satisfactory, for they are made exactly in accordance with your wishes. Any procurable size will be sent to you. Write today for details In cases where there is no infection of the mouth, such as from pyorrhea, suction of the wound by mouth is also of great value. Erdle Perforating Company 171 Tork Street Reell ester, N. Y. 88 Chain of Gasoline Stations Employs Older Men CHAIN of gasoline stations in the West is reported by the Na Ational Industrial Conference Board to be operated almost exclusively by men of middle age or older. The employees range in age from 45 to 85 years. The owner is reported to claim that the employment of older men is good business and not philanthropy, as he finds them more courteous, more re liable, more careful in the care of their stations, taking more pride in their work than many younger men. Eliminate Short Circuits with GLADE SHOP LIGHTS The Shock-proof Sockets on All Glade Shop Lights are--Oil-Proof --Grease-Proof --Gasoline-Proof Brake-Testing Equipment Is Little Used in France RAKE testing campaigns, as con B ducted in this country, are un known in France. Only two auto mobile manufacturers and not more than three of the best equipped ga rages in the country have equipment for testing brakes, according to the Automobile Club of Illinois. The ma chinery in use is of American manu facture. fALADE Safety Shop Lights are built to meet the exacting v--1 demands of modern mechanics. The sockets sure inde structible and equipped with a cord clamp that takes all the strain off the terminals and prevents short circuiting. Another feature is the revolvable safety guard and reflector that pro tects the user against burns. The adjustable spring clamp saves time and money wherever used. Send for complete in formation and exceptionally low prices. Dark winter months j are approaching when the demand is the greatest. GLADE MANUFACTURING CO. 1603 S. Michigan Bird. * Chicago, 111. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 8A NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS The ACME SHIELD Listed a Standard by the Underwriters Laboratories Never Out of Order Always Used Over 4000 Sold This Year Alone They Must ~ Good Price With Lamp $12.50 ea. Without Lamp 8.50 ea. THE Acme Shield in your plant means but one thing: an instant reduction of accidents at the emery wheel from the moment of installation. The Acme comes to you ready for use--complete with heavy flexible arm, non-shatterable glass shield, and neces sary fittings. It may be had with or without the individual work light. Sold by all machinery supply houses Manufactured by (j CHICAGO EYE SHIELD CO. I MOO Warran Bird. CHICAGO, ILL. Points of Superiority in Fool proof futeoen. Six adjust* menu to fit Any le*. FRANK Foundry Double chrome leather noneurlin* flare. Leggings that's why Aluminum alloy stay does not rust like steel. No. 5000 Nearly 1000 foundries and steel mills use Frank Leggings. the Gaff. They stand that's why They are the most economical leggings to buy at any price. Measured by cost per day of service they are the cheapest leggings on the market. that's why Insurance men recommend them. Foundry Suprintendents like them. Moulders wear them. Mail thr capon for information about Frank Loggings and our other Safety Clothing The Safety Clothing Co. Manufacturers 3804 Payne Ave. Cleveland, Ohio' The Safety Clothing Co., Date...................................... ................. 3S04 Payne Ave., Cleveland, Ohio Gentlemen: Please send complete information on Frank Leg We are most interested in ging* and your Safety Clothing to n Legging* Q Spat* Name ....................................................... .......................-...................... *--.-.............. Company ............................................. ..... ........................... -..............-......... Address ............................................ ............ fj Helmett Apron* Glove* Clothing City- State.................. ...... .......... PI Mittens fj Finger Cots j The Executive and Safety (Continued from page 19 \ why this was so, he said, ``Ah can't exactly account to' it lessin it is that ah had mo black horses than ah had white horses." The logic of the manufacturer and that of the old negro is equally uncon vincing to the enlighted executive. It seems almost a truism that a clean, neat and safe plant, factory or mine, in which the employees contentedly work under conditions as pleasant as the circumstances of the work mav permit, is necessarily more efficient and richer in productivity than one of which the opposite is true. It is not the intent of this brief and superficial discussion to enter into the various phrases of the relation of em ployer to employee, nor to consider the several factors tending to produce that harmonious and sympathetic accord which alone can develop the fullest potentialities of any industry. That the human, intelligent and sympathet ic interest of the executive is a fac tor in creating a responsive spirit of the part of the other workers must be admitted. While the paternalistic at titude may be resented, the kindly per sonal interest of the employer makes a direct appeal to the heart and head of the rank and file of labor. In reducing the number of prevent able accidents, as in any other human activity, orderly planned, intelligent ef fort results in greater accomplishment than loose, slipshod, hit-or-miss meth ods. One executive informed me that he meets personally once a day with all of his employees and talks caution. If this is actually done it should achieve splendid results. But I am somewhat reminded of three women who were talking together, one of them said, "In all the fifteen years of my married life my husband has not said a single cross word to me." The second woman re plied, "My, I wish I could say that." The third one said," "Well, why don't you ? She did." It is far from reason able to expect to reduce accidents with a cautionary word or two every now and again to the employees as to being careful. The human spirit is adventurous; it seeks new experiences, new sensations; gropes its way unflinchingly into un known territory, both mental and ma terial. The progress of civilization has largely been due to those adven turous spirits who havt dared un known dangers to blaze the way that later generations may follow in safety. It is not unreasonable to believe that ! in many instances the lack of care and | caution of the workman is attributable When writing advertisers, please mention X.llTOX.-t L S.iFETY NEWS /amtarv, 1930 85 wwwwwwwwmnwwiw I to this willingness to face danger, the SPECIFYexpression of the spirit of adventure, ' Punch Press as well as a desire to seive more 1 , quickly and elfectively the ends of his Operators Are employer, whom he may like, respect , and admire. He must be taught to dis WHEELED criminate between the bravery of the hero, courageous without stint for a worthy cause, and the needless expos- 1 ure to danger which may he easily QUALITY FIRST avoided with proper care and caution, and that in exposing himself unneces SAFETY FIRST sarily to plant and factory hazards he does not serve his interest nor that of his employer, but actually is jeopar- WHEN presses are equipped j dizing both. with the Electro Punch Press I f firmly believe that the employee, Guard, which is a combination of | if convinced that his employer's intertwo safety factors--the operation of | est in seeing that he is not hurt is j the press by push buttons and an prompted by good will and human anti-repeat-mechanism which pre kindness, will respect and admire his vents the repeating of the press. leader all the more for that interest APRONS ARM PROTECTORS BLANKETS COATS GLOVES The Electro Punch Press Guard not only protects the operator by keep ing his hands away from the danger zone, but also enables him to prac tically double his production. Oper ator works in a comfortable sitting position. No fatigue from the onefoot treadle process. You'll want to know more about this guard. Send in the coupon--no ob ligation. in him and his welfare. He is not in a position to ask that he be protected; he would feel that it was undignified I and even cowardly to do so, but the I responsibility is on the executive none the less. ! I wish that everyone who has labor j under his control could carry in his j mind and heart those lines of Pope, which, though written two centuries ago, seem prophetic in their applica tion : Teach me to fed another's woe, To hide the fault I see. That mercy I to others show, That mercy show to me. HAND PADS HELMETS JUMPERS KNEE PADS LEGGINGS LEG-SAFES MITTENS OVER-SHOES PANTS May God speed the day when this spirit shall guide our thought and SLEEVES govern our conduct. SPATS Federal Aid Eliminates 390 Crossings in 1928 MADE OF ASBESTOS-LEATHER OR FIREPROOFED MATERIAL "MORE SAFETY PER DOLLAR" Safety Appliance & Machine Co. 904 Donovan Building Detroit, Michigan SAFETY APPLIANCE A MACHINE CO. 904 Donovan Bids.. Detroit* Mich. Gentlemen: Send me copy of booklet "Tekin* the Hazard Out of Punch Preia Operation!." Name .......................... .................... ...................... ................. Company .......................... ........................ .................... iddresi............. .................. ................................. . a RECENT statement by the J x Bureau of Public Roads of the United States Department of Agri culture shows a total of 390 grade crossings were eliminated from the federal aid highway system in 1928. Of the 390 crossings. 107 were grade separations and 283 were done away with by relocation of highways. During the period from 1917 to the first of 1929, a total of 4,291 cross ings have been eliminated on the federal aid system with federal aid--947 through grade separation, and 3,344 through relocation of high ways. For the year 1928, Wisconsin headed the list of eliminations with a total of 35; Alabama second with 31; Michigan, 26; Texas, 25; Indiana, 24; Kansas, 23; Montana, 22: Georgia and Illinois each are cred ited with 21, and Mississippi with 17. WHEELER LEG-SAFES Wheeler Leg-Safes (Patent Applied for) combine Safety, Comfort and Service in a NEW and DIFFERENT way. Fully adjustable Improved Safety fasteners, permit a snug fit on side, top and bottom, yet allow INSTANT RELEASE from any place along stay. See cat. Request for a trial pair Involves NO obligation. Send for YOCRS today. ,Ys w and different. F. H. WHEELER MFC. CO. 224-230 West Huron Street CHICAGO - - ILLINOIS When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 86 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Announce Program for Ohio DURABLE SAFETY MATS Safety and Comfort with Efficiency Provide all the ordinary pro tection around the moving parts of machinery you may, there is still the hazard of slippery, wet floors. A com paratively small investment in Durable Safety Mats will STRAIGHT WEAVE give you this added insur ance, so desirable. These mats, with their thick, rubberized construction, also insure foot comfort, which naturally increases efficiency. Noise, too, is ma terially lessened. Worth investigating, we believe, and further, we invite your in vestigation. DURABLE MAT COMPANY Miami Street AKRON', OHIO 26W ltb Ave. S.W. SEATTLE, WASH. EASTERN SALES REPRESENTATIVES THE BOYER-CAMFBELL CO. Detroit, Michigan PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT CO. Chicago, UL INDUSTRIAL SAFETY SUPPLY CO. .Milwaukee, Wls. VICTOR N. MARTIN SAFETY CO. Toledo, Ohio THE SAFETY EQUIPMENT SERVICE CO. Cleveland, Ohio AMERICAN ALLSAFE CO. Buffalo, N. Y. SAFETY FIRST SUPPLY CO. Plttaburgh, Pa. Safer Fumigation WINTER months are the most critical in fighting disease germs and their carriers. Safe and proper fumigation greatly lessen the possibility of disease spreading, or existing'in your plant. Safti-Fume, the Universal Safe Fumigant, kills germs, vermin and rodents. Disagreeable odors are prevented, for the pests are driven out of your buildings. Hearty endorsement has been given Safti-Fume by industries, railroads, steamship lines, etc. Hail the Coupon Now. BOSTON of-afety Fuamoant & Chemical Co. inc. 522 Fifth Avenue New York, N.Y. ALSO OFFICES IN BALTIMORE PHILADELPHIA HARRISBURG, PA. SAFETY FUMIGANT & CHEMICAL CO., INC. 522 Fifth Are., New York, N. Y. Please send me complete details of your service and various products. Name.......................................................................... ............ ............................................. ............. .. Company...................................... .............. ........................... ................... ................ ........................... Address............... ........................................................................................................................................................ Position........................................................................................................................................ .............. .. i J J J ^ * i Safety Congress \ TENTATIVE program for the all** Ohio Safety Congress, to be held in Columbus, January 14, 15 and 16, has been arranged by the general committee on arrangements. At the opening session on Tuesday morning, January 14, at which Thomas P. Kearns, superintendent of the Division of Safety and Hygiene, will preside, Governor Mvers V, Cooper will make the dedicatory address and Mayor James J. Cooper will extend the city's welcome to delegates. Wellington T. Leonard, chairman of the Industrial Commission of Ohio, will make the in troductory address. C. E. Pettibone, presi dent of the National Safety Council, wilt speak on "National Safety," and Isaiah Hale of the Santa Fe Railroad will dis cuss "Safety Inspiration." At 6:30 p. m. there will be a dinner for employers and plant executives, with an outstanding inspirational speaker to be selected. Entertainment will be pro vided by C. A. ( Sunny) Sundberg, a well known humorist of Columbus, Ohio. L, B. Webster, secretary of the Ohio Manufacturers' Association, will be toast master. The general session Wednesday after noon will be in charge of L. E. Mvswandcr, member of the Industrial Com mission, and will comprise four addresses. Two of them wilt be by speakers of recog nized ability on safety topics--Miss Frances Perkins. Industrial Commission of New York State, and W. T. Blake, director of industrial relations for the State of Ohio. Thursday morning the general session will he in charge of Thomas M, Gregory, member of the Industrial Commission. Five addresses will be given. Marcus Dow. manager of safety and personnel for Motor Transit Management Com pany, Chicago, will speak on "Safety in Motor Fleet Operation;" Dr, Harry Myers, personnel director for the Frigidaire Corporation, Dayton, Ohio, will dis cuss "Safety and Management"; Ethelbert Stewart. IT. S. Commissioner of Labor Statistics, will speak on "The Value of Accident Statistics." The fifth address will deal with safety in the steel industry and will be presented by a rep resentative of the industry. A get-together luncheon will conclude the conference. In addition to an in spirational address entertainment will be provided by the Red Arrow Quartet of the Pennsylvania Railroad. J. M. Woltz, safety director for the Youngstown Sheet Sr Tube Company, will be toastmaster. Sectional meetings will be held as fol lows: Tuesday afternoon, Ivfetals, Rub ber, Pulp and Paper, Small Plants, Public Employees, Mercantile and Woodwork ing; Wednesday morning, Rubber, Foun dries, Public Utilities, Laundries and Dry Cleaners, and Mines and Quarries, To permit delegates at all sessions to attend, the Foremen's Safety Training Section will be held Wednesday evening. In connection with the congress, the Employees' Publication Section will hold a regional meeting with Charles A. Ward of the Pure Oil Company as chairman. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS January, 1930 PRoTEX --VAPRoTEX SAFEWAY Coming Events dissociations featuring safety in their programs are invited to send dates of meetings 87 INDICATES "LIVE" CIRCUIT January 11-18, Atlantic City, N. J. American Road Builders Association, Annual Convention and Road Show. Sec retary-Director, Charles M. Upham, Na tional Press Building, Washington, D. C. WITH SAFETY Jan. 14-16, Columbus, O. Third Annual All-Ohio Safety Con gress. Secretary, Thos. P. Kearns, Super intendent, Division of Safety and Hygiene, Industrial Commission of Ohio, Colum bus, Ohio. SAFEWAY HREE safety items Twhich you should not overlook. How many men in your shops have been burned or more dangerously injured thru electricity when using extension lamps? Why not eliminate this hazard on your properties by installing these "SAFETY FIRST" units. ROTEX rubber handles not only protect the work man but they also act as a shock-absorber for the fila ment of the lamp bulb. Jan. 22, Augusta, Me. Second Annual Maine Safety Confer ence. Secretary, Charles O. Beals, Com missioner, Department of Labor & Indus try, Augusta, Me. January 27-30, Philadelphia, Pa. .American Society of Heating and Ven tilating Engineers. Annual meeting. Sec retary, A. V'. Hutchinson, 29 W. 39th St., New York City.. March 8, Atlanta, Ga. Southern States Safety Conference. George A. Diebert, manager, Atlanta Safety Council, 405 Chamber of Com merce Bldg., Atlanta, Ga. March 24-25, Kansas City, Mo. Fourth Annual Central States Safety Congress. F. C, Lynch, manager, Kansas City Safety Council, American Bank Bldg., Kansas City, Mo. \J APROTEX vapor-proof lamps will also serve your purpose economically and safely. This unit also has a rubber handle to protect the workman against electric cur rent. It can be dropped and thrown around without creat ing the hazards caused by arcs or lamp breakage, AND it is vapor-proof, dust-proof, and water-proof. AFEWAY rubber covered plugs are safe and un Sbreakable. A plug half-apart presents a real hazard. SAFE WAY plugs will reduce vour maintenance costs and elimi nate all hazards. April 22, Dallas, Tex. Southwestern States Safety Conference. C. J. Crampton, manager, Dallas Safety Council, Interurban Bldg., Dallas, Tex. May 6, Madison, Wis. Rock River Valley Safety Conference. A. E. Gillett, secretary, Association of Commerce, Madison, Wis. May 87, Erie, Pa. Northwestern Pennsylvania Safety Conference. S. M. Lippincott, secretary, Erie Safety Council, Commerce Bldg., Erie, Pa. June 28-27, Duluth, Minn. Lake Superior Mining Section, Na tional Safety Council, Twelfth Annual Safety Conference. Secretary, F. S. Crawford, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Sellwood Bldg., Duluth, Minn. Correspondence SAFE. Use the Statiscope to determine the actual condition of the electrical cir cuit. When placed with the brass cap near a live conductor, a glow will appear in the little window directly over the tube. Before leaving the factory, each Statis cope is carefully tested for Positive Operation. It is therefore recommended that a periodical test be made by the user on a known live conductor, as rough usage may affect the instrument. The Statiscope is designed to give indi cation of Alternating Current potentials of 2300 volts and up. Every industry needs it for the protection of its elec trical workers. The price is so low and the instrument so handy (it can be car ried in the breast-pocket) that no elec trician can afford to be without it. Send in the attached coupon for complete de tails. The safety and fire preven tion features of these items are really ivorthy of consider ation. Daniel WooAhead Company 15 North Jefferson St. Chicago, Illinois HELMETS FOR MOTORISTS Chicago, HI.--We suggest that you fea ture in your publication the advisability of people wearing foot-ball headgears while riding in automobiles. This would be one method of preventing skull fractures. Jems Smith, Manager, Chicago Branch, The Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Co. MINERALLAC ELECTRIC CO. 25 N. Peoria Street, Chicago, III. t MINERALLAC ELECTRIC CO., J 25 H. Prla St.. Chlcif*. III. # t d Piets* load us jour circular oa th* Minerallac statl- t 0 scop*. * \ Nam* ......... ............. .......................................a............ i 00 0 Company .............................. ............. ........... ........... . a 00 0 Addr** ................. 0 --------------------- --------....... j When uriting advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS m VATlOXAf, SAFETY XFAl's 4 "There's many a Slip--" v H That Might Easily Have Been Avoided M Accidental Deaths IN THE UNITED STATES ECORDS show six out oi ten industrial R' accidents are caused by falls due to in secure footing on slippery surfaces. Severe inj uries often result. Time is lost. Falls cost money. Those who wear GRO-CORD non-skid standard, safety soles, never fear these dangers. The tough tire cords fused on end in real live rubber give a sure grip ***** The cords-on-end construction of GRO-CORD Soles protects the worker. There is no other sole like the GRO-CORD safety sole. The process of construction is fully protected by 11 patents. Look for the name GRO-CORD stamped on the bottom of each shoe. Ask your dealer for nonskid GRO-CORD Soles and Heels. W. IVOX-SKID SOLES and HEELS ' LIMA CORD SOLE <& HEEL COMPANY 4 Dept* t - f. Lima, Ohio 4 w C o r d tire ire r in e r a r g pair" >4 UNIVERSAL SAFETY PAYS DIVIDENDS FOR ALL! The IPCO Collapsible Canvas Tool Bucket for transmission line work is one of our many products designed and manufac tured for the Electrical Field. In addition, linemen's gloves, glove containers, blankets, danger flags, portable danger signs, enameled signs, insulated brushes, insulated stools; all purposely designed for the electrical industry are illustrated and described in our new catalog. (Pat. April 19, 1921) Send for a copy of this catalog and get on our mailing list. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS COMPANY Manufacturers and Distributors 3729 Old York Road PHILADELPHIA, PA. Compiled by the Public Safety Division, National Safety Council November, 1929 FINAL figures on 1928 motor vehicle deaths, showing 27,906 persons killed were somewhat higher than estimated, in dicating with even greater certaintv that 1929 will witness 30,000 motor vehicle fa talities. November records submitted hv cities and states with a population of 41,000,000 show an increase of two per cent over October in number of motor vehicle deaths, which meant a total of 2,770 lives lost during the month, or 92 daily. This tigure is not quite as high as the figure registered in August, but exceeds that for anv other month in 1929. The proportion of pedestrian deaths was somewhat greater in November than in Oc tober, amounting to a five per cent increasr There was little change in the age-distri bution of those involved, children being the victims in about one-fourth the total num ber of cases. Motor Deaths Each Day The following estimates are based on monthly reports to the National Safety Council by cooperating states and cities. Corrections are made as new information becomes available. January February 1928 1929 ......................... ...... ..... 19 75 ....... ... 70 March ....................................... ..... 64 April .......................................... ..... 67 May ....... . .... ............ ..... 74 Tune ....... ................................... ..... 71 71 74 76 SI July -......... ........ --............... ..... 76 84 August ......................... ............. ..... 76 September ................................ ...... 81 93 81 October ........... ........................ ..... 80 87 November ............................ .... ..... 88 92 December ................................... ..... 90 Honor Roll Five cities with a population of more than 100,000 have reported that no motor vehicle deaths occurred in November: Allentown, Pa,; Lynn, Mass.; Norfolk, Va.; San Antoino, Tex.; Wilmington, Del. The following 17 cities of less than 100,000 population iso reported perfect records: Binghamton, N. Y.; Chelsea, Mass.; Colo rado Springs, Colo.; Everett, Mass.; Fitchburgh, Mass.; Green Bay, Wis.; Lawrence, Mass.; Lincoln, Nebr.; Medford, Mass.; Moline, 111.; New Britain, Conn.; Newton, Mass.; Roanoke, Va.; Shreveport, La.; Wheaton, 111.; Wilmington, N. C.; Woburn, Mass. Other Accidents Home fatalities were about two-thirds as numerous as motor vehicle deaths in 32 cit ies reporting both. Asphyxiation deaths showed the largest increase. In October this cause was responsible for 18 per cent of the total number of home deaths while in Januaryt 1^30 89 An Attractive Safety Shoe The Schiff Safety Shoe shown below is suit able for all kinds of industrial work, and for general wear. It is from the complete line of Schiff Safety Shoes, all of which have the nonmetallic "Protex" toe. The entire toe area is protected when this safe, attractive, econom ical shoe is worn. j November the percentage jumped to 24. j This jump, jj striking evidence of the lack of precaution in using gas in homes. Falls were less important as a cause of home deaths, being responsible for less than one-third of the total number in contrast to almost one-half in October. Eighty per cent of the victims were over 55 years of age. In 32 reporting cities, industrial and other public accidents combined caused about twothirds as many deaths as motor vehicle crashes in November. This is less than the year-round experience, in which these two types account for over 40 per cent of the total number of accidental deaths. AF-'jf-TOP Write today for samples. Shipment will be made within 24 hours. LEON SCHIFF & COMPANY 108 West Lake St., Chicago, HI. SCHIFF'S Unusual Protection-- for the power press operator at minimum cost. The D & M Automatic Press Guard sweeps his hand out of danger, the shield prevents his reaching back of the guard again before the danger is entirely elimi nated. The simplicity of the D A M Automatic Press Guard and its complete efficiency on any make, style and size of power press make it a most profitable press accessory. Try one for 30 days at our expense. State manufacturer's name, and size and stroke of press and whether left to right or right to left hand swing is required. DAM Automatic Press Guards can be ordered through your machinery supply house or direct. Taylor-Shantz Company 4<t St. Paul St. Rochester, N. T. Decrepit Cars Obstruct Football Traffic HE college boy's dilapidated car is no longer a joke when it ob Tstructs traffic to and from the great football stadiums of the country. The American Motorists Association states that approximately one-half of all ac cidents occurring in football traffic are due directly or indirectly to defective equipment. This estimate is based upon surveys made on separate Satur days when long lines of automobiles were moving toward or from different football stadiums. "Generally speaking, Saturday foot ball traffic moves with speed and or I der," says the Association. "Half of all the accidents and nearly all of the delays are occasioned by FIMST AID antiquated machines with neglected motors, defective brakes or broken APPLKCAT! steering apparatus. It was found in several instances that movement of a line of cars a mile long was delayed because some improperly maintained machine was unable to climb a medium grade or had broken down completely. SAF-T-TOP filled with Mercu- rochrome or Iodine feeds like a fountain pen, direct from a sanitary glass tip on the bottle. Passing such a car, when passing was possible, was usually found to be dan gerous, either because of traffic mov APPLY direct to the injured part without fuss or smear. ing in the opposite direction or because of the impossibility of getting a" clear One hand is sufficient to open and use the bottle. view of the road ahead." FIRST Aid men everywhere are recommending it for use, in and away from the plant. It is packed in a wooden case. Economical--one bottle will draw a line quarter of an inch wide and ten feet long. No evaporation or waste. Write for a Sample ROBERT A. Bernhard MFG. CHEMIST 153 ANDERSON AVE. Rochester N.Y When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 90 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Safety Poster Service Producing a Safety Poster Some Sidelights on the Poster Art Work of the Council By RALPH MOSES Staff Artist N. S. C. busy with paper, pen and ink. brush or wash and this brings up the sub ject of mediums. RODUCING the art work for a As previously stated the posters poster, like everything else, are drawn in black and white. By Pmust have a beginning, and the bethat is meant the use of pen and ink, ginning of a poster is of course thebrush and ink, crayon or grays. "idea." Ideas are very elusive at Figures 1. 2 and 3 represent the times, but it is not the purpose ofsame subject drawn first in crayon, this article to discuss the difficulties the second in pen and ink and the of originating the subjects and third in wash or grays. wording. We will for convenience suppose we have the idea and so next busy ourselves with the proc When the drawing is finished, the next move is the pasting of a tissue flap over it. On this tissue Hap, by ess of putting this idea down in the use of color, is indicated the "black and white." This is exactly how they are drawn, in black and white. Although parts of the illustration and word ing which are to appear in color. Using this tissue as a guide, the en graver, working from the black and white drawing, produces two sets of plates. One for the black of the drawing and one or more for the color printing. The plates produced by the en graver are known as zinc etchings or copper halftones, according to the 7//~n\ i "i Du 0 11 nniriii iiJiiiWi kinds of illustrations they are made for. They are set up in the printing presses very much as type is set up, except that each plate is mounted on a large wooden block, whereas type is more often in separate pieces for each of the letters in hand-set or monotype composition, or for each Fig. 1 the Council's printed posters appear in two or more colors, they are never drawn in color. The reason line in linotype composition. In the case of the ordinary fiat-bed printing press, each poster is run through the press for the printing of each color separately. A one- for this is that a black and white drawing is the most economical method of producing posters of this type. In designing posters, simplicity and legibility must be the aim, so, in order to arrive at a definite plan, several small preliminary sketches are worked out. From these sketch es it is possible to see just how the finished poster will look when printed. Having hit upon the way of pre senting the idea it is time to get !m<7. 2 color poster goes through the press once; a two-color poster twice, and a three-color poster three times. Bv the careful selection of trans parent inks and by working out the drawings to suit, unusually attrac tive color combinations can be pro duced when one color is printed over another. For instance, yellow over blue gives green, red over blue gives purple, likewise, yellow over blue over red gives a pure black if Pig. 3 the colors have been properly se lected. This use of color combinations in printing enables the production of posters which give the effect of as many as 12 or 14 colors but which are in reality produced from only 3 color plates. Such color work, how ever, complicates the art work, for the artist must know what colors to expect in the finished job when lay ing out his black and white draw ing- New Poster Catalog Coming HE new 1930 catalog of National TSafety Council posters is in process of development. It will be about twice as large as the 1020 cata log and will contain illustrations of all posters available at the time it is issued. This new catalog marks a new stride toward greater accuracy and efficiency in filling orders for posters. It will enable you to see at a glance what posters will be available for your use and will make it possible for you to make definite selections of the older posters to use in conjunction with the newer ones as they are issued. January, 1930 91 POSTERS far FEBRUARY Make your selection from these pages X THIS and succeeding pages privileged to order a certain number j desire and place their order, using are shown small single color of posters during the year without j our special form, which will be sent O reproductions of forty-one extra charge. This yearly allotment i posters prepared for distributioisn based upon the number of em-j during the current month. All polofyees. It provides for 300 poster these posters will lie. available utonits for each $25 of membership on request. Poster Catalogue In addition to 40 posters pub members during the ensuing 90 days dues. A 9 by 12 poster counts as lished each month, we have selected in any desired quantity. one unit, and a large two-color 360 posters issued in past years and Under the terms of membership poster as four units. The following which have proved so popular that each active industrial member is table shows the complete schedule they are carried in stock. Ask for of dues with allotments of poster our 1929 Poster Catalogue. units: Employees Hues 1 to ;n ..... ......$ 12,50 M to no ...... , ..... 23.00 151 to f.'UO....... 50,00 to 1 aOQ....... ..... rs.oo l.JOI to 2,000....... ___ 100.00 3,001 to 3,000....... ....... 125.00 ,001 :',no0 to to : ,000....... ..... 150.00 10,000....... ..... -00.00 10,000 Of more......... ..... 250.Q0 News I i' i 4 5. ft * 10 Units 150 300 ftHj eno 1,200 1,500 t,8U0 2,400 3,000 Extra posters will be supplied at cost, under either of these plans: Plan 1. The member authorizes us to bill him for $5 for which we establish a credit of 300 poster units to be ordered as needed. Plan 2, The member authorizes us to bill him for each separate ship ment of excess posters at the follow ing prices: Small Targe First 100 ......... .................... |4.00 $6.00 Additional quantities, each.. .01 .04 2674-B 2675-C 17x23 inches 25x33 inches 4 units S units We recommend that members re view the miniature illustrations each month, select the posters they 2637-B 17x23 inches 4 units 2639-B A GOOD SERVANT BUT A HARD MASTER prevent it WORK CAREFULLY and enjoy the pleasures bf life 17x23 indies 4 units 2640-B 17x23 indies 4 units 2641 -B 17x23 indies (Three Colors) Electrotypet may be purchased from the National Safety Council for $2 each 4 units 92 TheEyesHavtft/ THE WRONG WAY IS DIFFICULT AND DANGEROUS NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS CAREFUL DRIVERS 2634-B Goggles Keep'em That way SAFER AMD EASIER SELDOM SKID 17x23 inches 4 units 2638-B 17x23 inches 4 units 2635-B 17x23 inches 4 units 2644 9x12 inches (Three Colors) 1 unit 2636-B THIS`HORSE' IS DEADLIER THAN A BRONCHO! 17x23 inches 4 units 2643 9x12 inches (Three Colors) 1 unit SHORT* SEZ: INSPECT EQUIPMENT OR ACCIDENTS MAY CONCENTRATE ON YOU 2646 9x12 nches 2642-D 1 unit 12x18 inches (Three Colors) 2 units _____ 2645 9x12 inches Electrotype* may'be purchased. from the National Safety Council for $2 each 1 unit January, 1930 93 2650-D 12x18 inches 2 units 2659 Get Under Shelter 9x12 inches 1 unit 2658 9x12 inches 1 unit Good Piling is good safety A fine set-up When Blast '4 v Is Fired/ 2655 9x12 inches 1 unit 2667 9x12 inches 1 unit This Motorman Was Alert For an accident 2672____ 9x12 inches 1 unit ' 2669 9x12 inches 1 unit Electrotypes may be purchased from the National Safety Council for $2 each 94 KEEP Z YOIIV DISTANCED NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS CIRAMESM1EM ATTEIMTBOM Good Protection For Those Below Always expect the unexpected* from me driver ahead 2657 9x12 inches 1 unit 2651 9x12 inches 2649 1 unit make sure the way is clear 9x12 inches 1 unit Pinched! Then and. there He, lost an eye When Opening Valves Aim Gauge &peauang%M AWAY from YOU 2652 9x12 inches 1 unit 2648 Hit Ilf.'Cll 9x12 inches 2662 1 unit 9x12 inches 1 unit ;Tie Hose * With Cord - - * Not Wire 2661 9x12 inches 1 unit 2664 9x12 inches 2663 1 unit 9x12 inches Electrotypes may Be purchased from the National Safety Council for $2 each 1 unit January, 1930 Stop the Saw 95 Its the sate way to remove silver -i DeathLurks inRusfyNails 2647 9x12 inches 1 unit 2654 9x12 inches 1 unit 2673 9x12 inches 1 unit Hold dies like] this and save __ fingers j 26SS 9x12 indie* tern.....,,, '"''%eoreW< fVfcEEP HAND OFF i vr; CoirmoLttii ^L.KEEP MACHINE IN Second speeds fVU Vlktio M t> * >HTtK . J| 1 unit 2671 9x12 indies 1 unit 1t taAei. at tealt two men to DO IT SAFELY 2660 9x12 indies 1 unit Electrotypes may be purchased from the National Safety Council for $2 each 96 .XATIOXAL SAFETY XEIVS I in the coal mining industry through j accidents is estimated at $188,000,000. SAFETY DEVICES : The estimated annual financial loss i above mentioned represents an addij tional cost of about 1-1 cents per ton of REG. U, S. PAT. OFF. | coal mined. I In the year under consideration, Are Explosion and Fire Safeguards '.',518 men were killed by accidents in and about coal mines. It is estimated THESE are the Safety Products for which you have been looking. Give better safety that about 181,300 accidents in coal mines involving loss of time occurred and protection against fire and explosions. in the period studied. The average JUSTRITE OILY WASTE CAN for fac tories, garages, printing plants, etc. number of days lost per accident, in cluding fatal accidents and permanent JUSTRITE SAFETY NON-EXPLOSIVE CANS for holding gasoline, benzine, tur pentine, ether and other volatile liquids. Avoids the paying of large compensation and loss of time-- Reduces your insurance rates-- Encourages cleanliness and neatness among your em ployees-- Protects your property. Labelled by the Under writers' Laboratories, Inc., and Factories Mutual In AUTOMATIC 0*LY WASTE CAN total disability cases, figured at 6,000 days ioss each, is about 1.17 days, which means that a total of '11,212,100 days are lost annually due to coal mine accidents. If the total compen sation paid in case of all accidents averages one-ninth of the wages lost, the coal miners' of the country an nually lose about $121 per man em ployed in direct wage ioss. The loss to the coal-mine operator through accidents is estimated to be at least that of the employee, but is not so easy to figure directly. In one way OpM mtth the Foot Cloeee Automatically surance Companies. Send today for Circular and Prices. Justrite Mfg. Co. 2087 Southport Are., Chicago NON-EXPLOSIVE CAN Mad* in tixM from 1 pint to S gallons or another he pays the compensation to the miner either directly or through an insurance company. He pays for interruptions of production due to ac cident, for replacement of workmen and for breaking in new men, for dam age or destruction of property, for disturbed industrial relations likely to result from accidents, for reduced aC* --It commands respect of the public. ---It inspires confidence in your workmen. > % morale and efficiency of employees, for medical and hospital care, for court costs of settling disputed cases, and probably for other items. In the metal mining industry, in the --It is Redteco (the new warning signal for city use) and Yelteco---the new signal for highways. same year, 430 men were killed and 30,350 men received lost-time but nonfatal injuries as a result of accidents. There was an average of 114 days lost May u/a tend yoa a folder mtth mlldetailt? THOS. E. COLLINS & CO. 812 Olive St St Louis, Mo. ^o> time for each of these fatal and nonfatal injuries, again computing a fatality as 6,000 days lost time. This is equivalent to 3,523,944 days lost due to accident, or at $5 per day per man, to a wage loss of $17,619,720. Again deducting one-ninth of this Mine Accidents Cause Big figure for compensation paid, the metal miner loses in wages annually about Loss to Industry $15,700,000, or about $122 per indi vidual. This average ioss per individ INE accidents in the United ual includes the cost of fatal accidents M States, in addition to causing reckoned at 6,000 days or $30,000, deplorable loss of life, are extremebluyt even if the ioss in time due to expensive to mining companies and fatotal accidents be deducted, the av miners, says the United States Bureearuage cost of each individual metal of Mines, Department of Commercmei.ner each year for non-fatai acci In a recent typical year, coal mine ac dents is about $32. cidents caused a loss to coal miners Estimating the loss to the metal- Send for Samples, Particulars and Prices in wages of $106,060,000, it is esti miner employer as about the same as mated by E. H. Denny, district engi that to the employee, the annual cost The Challenge Machinery Co. | . Grand Haven, Michigan <2? ------ tr&ii neer, who has made a statistical study of metal-mine accidents to the em of the subject. The total annual finan ployer is about $15,700,000 and to em cial loss to employers and employees ployer and miner is $31,400,000. When writing advertisers, I'lease mention XATIO\rAL SAFETY NEIVS January, 19JO 97 Murray Safety Slings FOR SAFETY USE Murray Safety Slings They Are Endless and Flexible. Write for Folders. Murray Safety Sling Co., Inc. Manufacturers of Murray Safety Sling:* and Murray Safety Chairs. 34 Water St., Pittsburgh, Pa. AMPCO NON-SPARKING TOOLS "fffN OPARKS are often responsible for costly fires--explo sions--loss of life and property. These accidents are unnec essary -- they are greatly lessened by Ampco Non-Spark ing Tools. Ampco Tools are made of extremely tough and long - wearing bronze, having all the physical char acteristics of steel. There are standard Ampco Tools for every Industry. Don*t Take ChancetSend for Catalog, American Metal Products Co. l)4i Burnham St. Milwaukee, WUcotuin Hazards of Mechanical Refrigeration {Continued from page 38) the theory that their health is more likely to be menaced at workshops than at home. Leaks c> some sort develop in every system of piping known, whether it be tor conducting water, oil, or gas. The leaks may be slow in making their ap pearance, but the sanitary engineer and health officer must concern himself with what the conditions will be SO, ;it) or 40 years in the future, when per haps the income available for upkeep and repairs to the building will be re duced. To remove the health hazard, the amount of refrigerant that can leak into spaces used for domestic habita tion must be strictly limited and a dis tinctive odor or irritating property must be given to it, so that ample warn ing of leakage may be given. A local manufacturer has built, at our sug gestion, a multiple-unit system of re frigerant piping within a secondary gas-tight svstem, which is vented to the atmosphere. The difficulties of applying a test to determine the tightness of a refrig erating system as ordinarily installed at the present time are not easy to over come. The test is time-consuming and deprives the occupant of the use of his ice box while the test is being ap plied. With a gas-tight secondary pip ing system surrounding the refrigerant lines, with the compressor, receiver and condenser located in a separate ma chinery room, and with both the sec ondary system and the machinery room vented to the outside air, a large fac tor of safety, as compared with pres ent and past practice, is provided. Tests of the tightness of the secondary system under pressures of as much as two pounds per square inch could easily be applied and that pressure would quickly discharge the contents of the primary system into the outside air, should a leak occur. The remain ing danger point is the evaporator, but it is believed that good design and workmanship can take care of all rea sonable possibility of leakage there. We do not vet feel as certain about the possibility of providing a suitable odor to give warning of the presence of an escaping refrigerant or of ade quate means for detecting the pres ence of the latter in very minute quan tities, but it is hoped that researett will ultimately solve these problems. In taking these steps, Chicago has not tried to set up a distinct code for this city and have manufacturers make one apparatus for us, another for New FOOT ACCIDENTS INCREASE IN COLD WEATHER heavy materials, prob ably will have some crushed toes during the winter months unless he has some kind of foot protection. Equipped with Sankey Guards, your employees working inside or out-- are not worried about foot injuries, for these 16-gauge steel or rigidlum guards protect their feet against 300 foot pounds -- the maximum load a man can carry. The instep as well as the entire toe area is pro tected. Send the coupon today EllwooD SAFETY APPLIANCE COMPANY ELLWOOD CITY, PA, ELLWOOD SAFETY APPLIANCE CO. ELLWOOD CITY, PA. Pits** loud ui, aa mamtrandum invites............. . pairs Rlfidtum. -...............pairs Still. Sankey Csrrusatit* Fait Guards. It Is undarstsid that thasa wards may be ntumtd without abtifatlm if thay fail ti maat iur raaulramint*. Name af Firm......................................................... Striat Addrass ............................. ............................. . City and Stata........... ............. .......................... . Attoatlan af...................................................................... When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 98 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Industrial Eyesight Surveys Promote Speed and Safety <$0<K33 Qfiflf >'our activities are OU /O directed by your eyes. Increased vision gives SPEED and SAFETY to your men. York, and still another for every city of importance. On the contrary, in the proposed Kegel ordinance, submitted to the City Council Committee on Pub lic Health by our Health Commis sioner, Dr. Arnold H. Kegel, an at tempt has been made to set up a rea sonable and proper standard, without a lot of detailed prohibitions to stifle | initiative and deaden inventiveness. As more knowledge becomes avail able regarding the effects of refriger ants upon human beings, or as new refrigerants come into use, the stand ard may require modification from time to time. We believe that we have hit upon the proper means of safe guarding the public by setting a stand ard and leaving it to the ingenuity of the manufacturers to meet that re quirement. We are confident that they will do it. Urges Proper Illumination of Stalled Vehicles Bull Dog Safety Shoes The Construction in detail is shown in our new pam phlet, which will be mailed upon re quest. Send for it. You will be inter ested to see how these shoes are made. Half blind men cannot judge dis tance accurately. Assign operation of punch-presses, cranes, and mo tor vehicles to men you KNOW have Vision in Both Eyes Our Surveys discover unsafe eyes and improve the defective ones. We give you detailed information on each employe enabling you to properly assign him. NO INTERFERENCE IN PLANT ROUTINE. Hundreds of Satisfied Cli ents. Every One A Reference. SEND FOR OUR BOOKLET, "EYES OF INDUSTRY." Eyesight Survey Corporation General Offices 4196 Manchester Avenue St. Louis RUCKS and other vehicles stalled J. D. MacLAURYon the roadway at night must be adequately illuminated or they form serious accident hazards, according to TG. S. Laurence, of Motor Freight, Distributor 3030 Euclid Avenue Inc., Detroit, a large commercial vehi CLEVELAND, OHIO cle fleet operating concern. Mr. Lau rence, who is a member of the new Street and Highway Traffic Section of the National Safety Council, says that such blocking of the public high way by broken-down trucking equip Clear light ment has resulted in many serious ac cidents by being run into by passenger reduces vehicles, buses, and other trucks. He says that the ordinary vehicle danger lights are not adequate to distinguish such equipment from moving vehicles. The hazard is particularly great in foggy or rainy weather. In Michigan common carriers are required to place torches upon the roadway some distance to the front A CCIDENTS to machine workers are often attribu table to faulty or inadequate lighting facilities. By cleaning electric light bulbs and globes regularly with Oakite, you can lessen tile danger presented by dirty, film-obscured lamps. and rear of any stalled motor equip ment. Though not classed as a com mon carrier, Motor Freight adopted the idea voluntarily and each of the This is just another one of the many uses of non-inflammable, non-explosive Oakite that helps to promote safety in the indus trial plant Use this remarkable company's trucks is equipped with two such torches. Their use has been most effective in eliminating this kind of collision accident involving their equipment. But, Mr. Laurence warns, a real su pervisory and educational job remains after the torches have been supplied. material wherever safe, thor ough cleaning is required. It removes all signs of grease, dirt, stains and soot, thor oughly, economically. Ask our nearest Service Man to tell you about safe Oakite ma terials and methods. Phone or write us and he will call. They have no value except as they are used conscientiously by the drivers. Oakite Service Men, cleaning specialists, are located in leading industrial centers of U. S, and Canada He strongly urges that every commer Manufactured only by cial vehicle fleet operator emphasize OAKITE PRODUCTS, INC. to his employees the need for ade HD Thames Street, New York, N. Y. quately protecting other drivers from the hazard of collision with their equipment when it is stalled upon the public highway. OAKITE taA^ricaChemagTtaSSabmeMtAoA When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Januaryt 1930 99 With the Manufacturer Manufacturers are incited to send in announcements of new products, or improved special features. Only items which can be considered as ' `news" to our readers will be published AN AUTOMATIC BRAKE TO GUARD HIGH SPEED HOISTS To assist in minimizing the number of accidents resulting from dropping loads, the Lidgerwood Manufacturing Company, ket by the Auraiite Manufacturing Com pany, U13 Clybourn Avenue, Chicago. The new product is used only when di luted in water, usually to the ratio of two tablespoonfuls of Auraiite to one gallon of water. When Auraiite makes contact with the air, its manufacturers claim that it re leases free oxygen. This is called "liquid ventilation." One of the outstanding fea tures of Auraiite is that it is odorless. *** of a building, on the outside wall of a building with the motor outside, or on the top of both sides of the booth. BOLTON INTRODUCES NEW AUTO SAFETY SIGNAL Elizabeth, M. has announced a new type high-speed steel erector's hoist, equipped with emergency brakes. The brakes are automatically set in case of either power failure or neglect of the lever man to keep his feet on the brake service levers. This hoist is built in the 100 h.p. size, duty 9,000 pounds at 300 feet per minute, for operation with three- phase, 60-cycle alternating current at 220 volts. As in the older hoists, the new type is equipped with band service brakes con trolled by foot levers. In addition, emer gency brakes are fitted to each drum, and will set automatically in the event of power supply failure. Other features of the machine are con ventional. The drive between motor and hoist is a silent chain belt enclosed in an oil-tight casing. All gearing is of cut steel protected by guards. Wiring is en closed, and resistors are of the non-break- able edgewound type. ** * AMERICAN LAFRANCE HAS NEW FIRE APPARATUS SERIES Announcement of a new "Master Se ries'' motor fire apparatus has been made by the American-LaFrance and Foamite Corporation, Elmira, N. Y. The series is composed of a new line of motor fire apparatus, featuring two pumping engines known as the "Metro politan" and "75," a new city service truck and a complete line of aerial trucks. Outstanding among the general im provements in the line are: left-hand drive instead of right hand; new nut and screw steering gear; new pressed steel, heat treated frames; and mechanical fourwheel brakes. *** ODORLESS DEODORANT AND DISINFECTANT Auraiite, a new liquid deodorant and disinfectant, has been placed on the mar The Bolton Auto Safety Signal Com pany. Chicago, has placed a new auto mobile safety signal on the market. The device serves also as a spotlight and mirror. The outstanding features of the signal are found in its three colored lights which are flashed by means of switch buttons located conveniently at the left of the steering wheel. By moving one of the switch buttons, the driver indicates whether he will turn right or left, or whether he will put the car in reverse or stop. *** PAASCHE MAKES NEW DEVELOP MENTS IN VENTILATING UNIT Development of a cold air inlet and warm air outlet, sprinkler head funnel and complete motor enclosure is an nounced by the Paasche Airbrush Com pany, Chicago, in the manufacture of their "Explosion Proof" ventilating unit. This unit may be mounted on the roof The new-type ventilating unit is said to lessen the fire hazard of the open motors with belt drive. It has a special designed motor with sealed sleeve bear ings, and a motor housing designed so the inlet opening may be placed in hori zontal or vertical position, with inlet to right or left, top or bottom. *** News Items The Lincoln Products Corporation of 31 Fulton Street, Newark, N. J., have been appointed distributors for jacklifts, arc-welded platforms and stackers in northern New Jersey by the LewisShepard Company of Boston. *** Four new bulletins, containing photo graphs and general descriptive matter of new products, have been released by the Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh. Bulletin No. 90 describes the Davis per missible single-shot blasting unit, miner's individual shot-firing battery and Burgess batteries. The Paulin altimeter, type A-l, Tycos barometer and Paulin preci sion barometer are described in Bulletin No. 52, while Bulletin No. 113 has to do with the F-M continuous flammable va por Indicator. Bulletin No. 27 describes the McCaa oxygen breathing apparatus, half-tour type. Write for your copy. *** The Industrial Products Company, 3729 Old York Road, Philadelphia, has is sued a new bulletin illustrating and de scribing extension hand lamps, insulated "pin type" plugs and lamp guards. Copies of this bulletin will be sent on request. *** Statements published on this page are based^Pt on the claims of the manufacturer. While the 11 tNational Safety News cannot guarantee these [ f statements, they are believed to be accurate. f| 100 NATIONAL SAFETY .VEILS ! NewMembers Diamond Disc Ready to i Vse i Nati on al SafetyCouncil November li-Deeember 12, 1029 Needs only Heat a QUICK! Quick, simplified, safe opera* tion--no acid-pots to spill and burn. Quick savings m time and money on every phase at industrial production. Our experimental and re search department will be glad to analyze the soldering i equipments of your particu lar industry, and supply you with a special solder express ly designed for your speciBc needs. The enormous tester line of special industrial sol ders is perfectly equipped to give you maximum profit* from your manufacturing processes. Avail yourself of this service; it imposes no obligations. KESTER SOLDER'CO. 4206 Wrightwood Ave. CHICAGO, ILL. Established 1899 Formerly Chicago Solder Co. Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, 111. Allied Automobile Owners Assn., Ine., , Brooklyn, V. ! A.merican Legion, The, Fowler, ind. i American Surety Co. of New York, New j York City. j Associated Aviation Underwriters, New | York City. Atlantic Gypsum Products Co., Boston, ' Mass. Bolton Auto Signal Co., Chicago, 111. Boston Food Products Co., Brighton, ^ Mass. | jCentral West Coal Co., Menominee, i Mich. | Committee _ to Study Compensation for Automobile Accidents, Philadelphia, ' Pa. ; Electrical Workers' Union, Detroit, Mich, j Etowah County Safety Council, The, Gadsden, Ala. Eureka Vacuum Cleaner Co., Detroit, Mich. UX'COR ______ SOLDER acid-cosi aosiN'Coai PASTI-COSI MITAL MINDI1 SAOIO SOLDIR Fidelity & Casualty Co. of New York, The, New York City. j Free Public Library, New Haven, Conn, j Givaudan-Delawanna, Inc., Delawanna, . N. J. Glennie^ Chas. D., Lawrence, Mass, Glens Falls Indemnity Co., Glens Falls, N. Y. Great Falls Traffic Div. of Police, Great Falls, Mont. INSTALL R-S I FOUNTAINS Hagar Straw Board & Paper Co., The, Cedarville, Ohio. Hormel, Geo. A., & Co., Austin, Minn. Houston Chamber of Commerce, Hous ton, Texas. Houston Electric Co., Houston, Texas. Rundle - Spence Drinking Foun tains in your plant or offices will invigorate your employees. These bubblers will provide good, clean, fresh, drinking water at all times. Every one must drink sanitarily from R-S Vertico-S 1 a n t Foun tains---lips can not touch the nozzle--this fea ture safeguards the health of your workers. Let us send you an illustrated catalog. Write to day. Industrial Steel Castings Co., The, To ledo, Ohio. j Institute for Industrial Hygiene & Safety, Leningrad, U, S. S. R. Kentucky Consolidated Stone Co., Inc., Louisville, Ky. Keystone Portland Cement Co., Bath, Pa. Louisiana Ice Manufacturers Assn., New Orleans, La. Marine Office of America, New York City. Marmoyle Engineering Corp., Bloomfield, N. J. Merchants Despatch Transportation Co,, East Rochester, N. Y. Nassau Safety Council, Mineola, L. I., N. Y. Paasche Airbrush Co., Chicago, 111. Paper Calmenson & Co., St. Paul, Minn. Police Dept., Auburn, N. Y. Prairie Farmer, Chicago, 111. Sharpies Solvents Corp., The, Belle, W. Va. Southwestern Ice Mfgrs. Assn., Houston, Texas. State Highway Police, Wilmington, Dela. j Rundle-Spence Mfg. Co. Union Limestone Co., Hillsville, Pa. ! Virginia lellico Coat Co,, Clairfield, .Tenn. 65 Fourth St., Milwaukee, Wis. j Wallace Barnes Co,, Bristol, Conn. Wier Long Leaf Lumber Co., Wiergate, I Texas. (Pat. Jan. 21, 1919) Respirator SfyfORE workmen are acquiring the Diamond Disc Respirator habit; for it is equipped with a sponge in pocket arrangement, which makes it useful when en countering dust fumes and light gases. The Diamond Disc Respirator is small and compact, and is easily carried in the pocket. Its comfort is another feature that should re ceive consideration. Manufactured by The Hygeia Respirator Co. 308 East 94th St.; New York City Sold by Safety Supply Houses Regarding Electric Shock The Hard Boiled Hat acts as an insulator to electric cur rents. This in addition to head protection from blows. The Hard Boiled Hat is made by a patented process to give head protection. It is sturdy, a non-conductor of electric ity, acid and waterproof. Details on request BULLARD-DAVIS, Inc. E. D. BULLARD CO. 275 8th St, San Franctaeo, UA.A. 87 Wall St, New York Mexican Distributor Mine & Smelter Supply Co. El Paso, Tex. When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS January, 1930 Index to Advertisers i 101 - *i};> A QUESTION What if the boiler plate should slip ? The answer would no doubt be re corded in your lost time ledger. Never Slip Safety Clamps Insure safety to men and material. No time lost in adjusting the hold or form ing a balance. The corrugated jaws clamp the boiler plate with a certainty, they can not slip. Made for horizontal and vertical lifting. Requires but one pair of sling chains instead of four as necessary with ordi nary grip. Awarded Gold Medal Second American Exposition of Safety and Sanitation, Aus pices American Museum of Safety, 1914. Approved by Industrial Board of Penn sylvania. Write for details Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. 51 East 42nd St., New York Abbott Laboratories 8 Acme Steel Co.............................. ,72 American Abrasive Metals Co 7 American Atlsafe Co.........-- . 77 Americ*n-LaFrance & Foamite Corp............ 37 American Mason Safety Tread Co. , ................. $ American Metal Products Co 97 American Optical Co..................... 104 American Telephone & Telegraph Co .43 Angle Steel Stool Co.............................................. 60 Bernhard. Robert A....,......... 89 Burroughs Wellcome & Co. (U. S. A.), Inc ... 41 Carter-Lockard Co........... ....... ................. 61 Central Iron & Steel Co , ................................. 69 Challenge Machinery Co............ .............................. 90 Chicago Eye Shield Co...................... ...... ............. 39-84 Chippewa Shoe Mfg. Co............................................ 71 Collins, Thos. E. A Co......................... ..................... 90 Diener Co.. Geo. W.................................... Dt{ffHal! Goggle Service,............................... 7 DuFaul-CentrmJ Optical Co.............. 75 Durable Mat Co......,,,.................................................. 88 Ellwood Safety Appliance Co .................. .............. 97 Endicott-Jobnson Corp.................... 73 Erdle Perforating Co..............-.......... ............... 83 Eyesight Survey Corp................... .............. ............. 98 Flnnell Systems, Inc......................... 65 Fyr-Fyter Company ................................................. 67 Glade Manufacturing Co........................................... 83 Harrington A King Perforating Co. Hellos Manufacturing Corp....... ......... Highway Service, Inc..... --....... .............. Holcomb Safety Garment Co........... Hygeia Respirator Co............................... Hynson, Westcott & Dunning............ 65 78 77 74 to7o0 Industrial Products Company............................... 88 International Shoe Co................................................. 57 Justrite Mfg. Co.......................................................... 96 Kester Solder Co............... ................ ................ ......... X00 Kidde A Co., Walter................................ ................... 49 Kindy Optical ............................................ SO Klein A Son, Mathias..... ......................................... . 58 This Way You're Safe When you pull fuses like this, instead of with bare hands, you'll not suffer with shocks, 08burns, infection, blindness, or possible death. Equip fusa boxes and switch boards with Fuse Pullers Genuine shock-proof horn fibre--4 sizes Ask your iobber or write TRICO FUSE MFG. CO. 1045 McKinley Ave. Milwaukee, Wis. Speed and Safety Lakeside Manufacturing Co................... ............... 53 Lima Cord Sole and Heel Co ................................ S3 Linemen Protector Co........... ................................. .. 32 MacLaury, J. D................,......................................... 98 Mine Safety Appliance Co....................... ........... 32-33 Mineralise Electric Co...--................................... 87 Multiple Selling Corp............ ................................ . 35 Murray Safety Sling Co.................... ................ . 97 McDonald Engineering Corp.................. 76 Reece's Wooden Sole Never Slip Safety Clamp Co.................................10! Nlssly, Walter S., St Co................ ............................ 71 Oakite Products, Inc...... ......... ...................... .......... 98 Paasche Airbrush Co....... ...................................... . 70 Pangborn Corn.......................................... . .......... 62 Patent Scaffolding Co..,..... ...................................... 63 Protectosea! Co. ........... ..........................................56-80 Pulmosan Safety Equip. Co.,-,,.,.-...,............. ....... 3 Pyrene Manufacturing Co...,............ ...................... 01 Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co............ ....................101 Reznor Mfg. Co........................................................81 Royal Metal Manufacturing Co.................. ....... 62 Rundle-Spence Mfg. Co................... ........................ 100 For Punch Press Operators Avail yourself today of oar SO-dsy froo trial offer on oar well-known punch preen guard. Over 14.000 already in one* At tached in one hoar. No adjustment* when changing die*. Safe--because the Guard sweepe the entire length of the Bolster Plate oa half the downward stroke of punch. This means that both hands of the operator are protected. The Guard returns beyond the enter of the Bam on half the upward stroke. This allows the operator to feed fast. That's speed. W1ESMAN MANUFACTURING CO. 31 South St Our Street, Deytou, Ohie Safety Appliance A Machine Co............ ...... 85 Safety Clothing Co....... ..... ................................ . 84 Safety Equipment Service Co........... .. Back. Cover Safety First Supply Co............ ...Inside Back Cover Safety Fumigant A Chemical Co......................... 36 Schiff A Co,, Leon...,........................................ ........... 89 Sharp A Smith..--.......................... ............... ........... 69 Society for Visual Education....,...... ........... 4 Standard Safety Equip, Co........ ..................... ..........Inside Front Cover-07 Stonehouse Sims, Inc............. ................................. 79 Sulpho-Napthol Co................................................. 75 Taylor Chain Co.. S. G...................................... . 73 Taylor, Halsey W,, Co.......................... .................... S2 Taylor-Schantx Co..........................................89 Thompson Electric Co...... .......... ............................. 60 Trlco Fuse Mfg. Co....................... ............................ 101 Union Carbide Sales Co .... 51 Wall Mfg. Supply Co., P........ West Disinfecting Co................ Wheeler Mfg. Co., F, H........... Wiesman Mfg. Co....................... Williams Jewelry A Mfg. Co.. Williamsport Wire Rope Co . WiUson Products, Inc............ . Woodhead, Daniel, Co........... ... Wright-Austin Co......... ............ 60 45 85 101 63 2 1 87 64 Safety Shoe For Foundry work, oil refineries, auto factories, steel mills, creamery and dairywork these shoes are un surpassed for protective work. REECE WOODEN SOLE SHOE COMPANY Incorporated Columbus, Nebraska IVhen tvritinff advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 102 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS m Buyers' Service A Accident Prevention Service National Safety Council. Abrasive* Pangborn Corporation. Air Conditioning Equipment Pan*born Corporation. Anemometers Mine Safety Applianoes Ce. Aprons American Ailaaft Co, Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Products Co. Ulna Safety Appliance* Co, Puimosan Safety Equipment Co. Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Sendee Co. Safety First Supply Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co.. F. H. Arm Protectors Bullard-Darts, Inc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing Co. Safety First Supply Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co.. F. H. B Badges and Buttons Min* Safety Appliance* C*. Williami Jewelry A Mfg. Co. Barrels, Shop Olener Co.. Geo. W. Belt Shifters and Handlers Reznor Mfg. Co. Surty Mfg. Co. Belt*--Linemen's Bullard-Darti. Inc. Industrial Products Oo. Min* Safety AppUaneee Co. Klein. Mathias A Son. Safety First Supply Co. Belt*--Safety American Alisafe Co. Bullard-Darts. Ina Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety AppUaneee Co. Safety First Supply Ce. Blankets--Fireproof Bullard-Darts, Inc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First Surely Oo. Wheeler Mfg. Co.. F. H. Blow Torches Wall Mfg. Supply Co.. P. Blowers--Exhausters Pangborn Corp. Boiler Gauge Guard Wrlght-Austtn Company. Box Strapping--Metal Stanley Works. The. Buckets, Hoisting Builard-Davis, Inc. Industrial Products Ce. Bulletin Boards American Alliafe Co. Bullard-Darti, Inc. Mine Safety Applianoes C*. Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Service Ce. Safety First Supply Ce. Bulletin Service Cleanliness Institute. C Cable Locks Surty Mfg. Ce. Car Blockers Industrial Products Co. Safety First Supply C*. Car Movers Industrial Products Co. Safety Wrench A Appiiinoe C*. Car Step Treads--Safety American Abrasive Metals Co. American Mason Safety Treed Co. Carbon Monoxide Detectors Mine Safety Appliances Co. Chain-- Factory Angie Steel Stool Co. Taylor Chain Co.. S. G. Chairs--Industrial Royal Metal Mfg. Oo. Chairs--Safety Boatswain Murray Safety Sling Co.. Inc. Chip and Spark Guards Chicago Eye Shield Co. Industrial Products Co. Surty Mfg. Co. Clamps and Sockets Never Slip Safety Clamp Co. Cleaners, Industrial Vacuum Invincible Vacuum Cleaner MCg. Co. Cleaning Compounds Oaklts Products, Inc. Clothing for Industrial Work ers--See Aprons, Caps, Gloves, Hand Leathers, Leggings, Overalls, Shoes Clothing, Weatherproof industrial Product* Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Utility Garment Co. D Disinfectants and Deodorants Abbott Laboratories. Sulpho-Napthol Co. West Disinfecting Ce. Drinking Fountains Halsey W. Taylor Ca Bundle-Spence MCg. Ca Dust Collecting Systems Ptngborn Corp. E Elevator--Safety Devices Surty Mfg. Co. Emblems Mine Safety Appliances Co, Williams Jewelry Mfg. Ce. Exhaust Equipment Pangborn Corp. Eye Shades--Non*Breakable Chicago Eye Shield Oe. Bullard-Darts, Inc. Mine Safety Appiiinoe* Ce. Eyesight Surveys Eyesight Survey Corp, Klndy Optical Ce. Expanded Metal Erdl* Perforating Ce. Hatirer.ington A Sing Perforating Explosive Containers Dlener Co., Geo. W. Industrial Products Ca Justrite Mfg. Ca Protectoseai Co. Mine Safety Applianoes C*. F Films or Slides For Rent and Sale National Safety Council. Finger Protectors Bullard-Darts, Inc. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Ce. Fire Alarms Bullard-Darts, Inc. lakeside Mfg. Co. Min* Ssfety Appliances Ca Fire Extinguishers American LeFrancs A Founlte Corp. Dlener Co,, Geo, W. Fyr-Fyter Company. Walter Kidd* A Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pyrene Mfg. Ca Fireproofed Clothing Bullard-Darts, Inc. Uoicomb Safety Garment Co, Mine Safety Applianoes Ca Safety First Supply Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co., F. H, First Aid Equipment Abbott Laboratories. I'tob't A. Bernhard, BuUard-Darts. Inc. Byrrough Wellrom# A Co., (L.S.A.), Inc. Hynson Westcott and Dunning. Industrial Products Ca Mine Safety Appliances Co. Sharp A Smith. Safety First Supply Co. Miner-iliac Laboratories. Flags--Danger ladustial Products Co. Flammable Vapor Indicators Bullard-Darts, Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Ca Flooring Materials--Safety Aon* Steel Ca American Abrasive Metals Co. American Masoa Safety Troad Co. Central Iron A Steel Co. Durable Mat Ca, Inc. Surty Mfg. Ca, Xne. Flywheel Guards Erdl* Perforating Ca Harrington A King Perforating Ca Surty Mfg. Ca Foot Guards Bullard-Darts. Inc, Kllwood Safety Appliance* Co. Min* Safety Appliances Co. Standard Safety Equipment Ca Foot Press Guards Surty Mfg. Ca Fumigants Safety Fumigant A Chemical Co. Fuse Pullers Industrial Products Ca Min* Safety Appliance* Ca Safety Equipment Serrto* Co. Trieo Fuse Mfg. Co. G Gas Detectors--Mice Bullard-Darts, Inc. Mine Safety AppUaneee Co. Colon Carbide Ca Gauge Glasses Wright Austin Ca Gauge Glasses--Guards Wright Austin Ca Germicides Abbott laboratories. Germicide--Cutting Oil Abbott laboratories. Sutpbol-Naptbol Co. West Disinfecting Ce. Glass, Non-Shatterable Chicago Eye Shield Co, Surty Mfg. Co., Inc. Glass--Safety Safety First Supply Ca Glass, Wire Glove* and Mittens American Ailsafe Co. Bullard-Darts, Inc. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Holcomb Safety Garment C*. industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety Clothing Co. Safety First Supply Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co., F. H. Goggles American Ailsafe Ca American Optical Co. Bullard-Darts, Inc. Catter-Lockard Co. Chicago Ey* Shield Ca Duff-Hail Goggle Service Du Paul-Central Optical Co. industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Ca Safety First Supply Ca Standard Safety Equipment Co. Willson Products, Inc. Gongs, Sirens, Horns and other signaling devices Bullard-Darts, Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Guard*--Safety Urdie Perforating Co. Harrington A King Perforating Co. Industrial Products Ca Surty Mfg. Co. H Hand Cream Mins Safety AppUance* Ca Peterson-Kinter Ca Hand Leathers American Ailsafe Ca Hoioomb Safety Garment Co. Mine Safely Appliances Ca Safety Clothing Ca ; Safety First Supply Co. Wheeler Mfg. Ca. F. H. Hats--Safety Bullard-Darts, Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Ca Helmets American Ailsafe Co. American Optioal Ca Buitsrd-Darts, Inc. Chicago Eye Shield Ce, Holcomb Safety Garment Ce. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Ca Puimosan Safety Equipment Ce. Safety Clothing Ca Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Ce. Wheeler Mfg. Co., F. H. Hooks--Chain Sling Taylor Chain Co.. S. O. Hooks, Linemen's Belt Bulisrd-Darti, Inc. Hooks--Safety Hoisting Never Slip Safety Clamp Ca 0`Keliy Ca, Gregory When writing advertisers, please mention NATIO NAL SAFETY NEWS Hospital Equipment Bullard-Darts, Inc. Burrougb - Wellcome A (U.S.A.), Inc, Min* Safety Appliance* Ce. Safety First Supply Ca Oe Inhsdators Builard-Davis, Inc, McDonald EnginserlngEqulpcmnt Ca Min* Safety Appliances Ca J Jointer Guards Surty Mfg. Co. L Ladders and Accessories-- Safety Builard-Davis, Inc. Dayton Safety ladder Co. Lourie Mfg. Co. Patent Scaffolding Co. Safety First Supply Co. Lamp Guards American Alisafe Co. Daniel Woodhead Co. Glade Mfg. Co. Lamp Hangers Thompson Electric Ce. Lamp Locks Mine Safety Appliances Co. Multiple Selling Corp. Lamps--Safety Bullard-Darts. Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co, Nlchols-Llntem Co. Lanterns-- Electric Bullard-Darts. Ina Industrial Products Ca Min* Safety Appliance* 0*. Lanterns -- Mane Eleotric Safety Bullard-Darts, Ina Mine Safety Appliances Ca Safety First Supply Co. Leggings American AUssfe Ce. Holcomb Safety Garment Ce. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Ce. Wheeler Mfg. Co., F. EL Linemen's Protectors Bullard-Darts, Inc. Industrial Products Co. Linemen Protector Co. Mine Safety Appliances Ce. Safety First Supply Co. Linemen's Tool Bags Builard-Davis. Inc. Industrial Products Ca Lockers and Hangers Clothing American Alisafe Co. Safety First Supply Ce. for Lubricators--Safety Keystso* Lubricating Ca Lubricants Kenton# Lubrtoating Ce. January, 1930 103 Masks Bullard-Daria, la*. Ohlesgo Bye Shield Co. Induitrlal Products Co, Mine Safety Applitnoea Co. Pulmostn Safety Equipment Co. Safety Equipment Sendee Co, Safety Firjt Supply Co. Standard Safety Equlpmant Co. Mats--Standing, Safety Acme Steel Co. Durable Mat Ce. Printing Press--Guards Surty Mfg. Co. Prize Awards Mine Safety Appliances Co. Williams Jewelry Ji Mfg. Co, Projectors--Film Society of Tliual Education Pyrotannic Detector Mine Safety Appliances Ce. OR OU Cans Bullard-Daria, Inc. Dlener Ca, Geo. W. Juitrtte Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliance* Co. Protectoseal Co. Oxygen Breathing Apparatus Bullard-Darla. Ine. Mine Safety Appliances Co, P Pads--Knee Safety First Supply Co. Planers--Guards Surty Mfg. Co. Power Press Guards Chicago Eye Shield Co, Johnson Rule Mfg. Co., E. P. Safety Appliances k Machine Co. Surty Mfg. Co. Rail Clamps Induitrial Producti Co. Safety First Supply Co. Railroad Safety Devices Industrial Products Co. Respirators American Optical Co. Bullard-Daria, Ine. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Industrial Products Co. Hygeis Respirator Of. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Ce. Safety Pint Supply Co. Willson Products,Ine. Resuscitation Equipment Bullard-Daria,Inc. McDonald Engineering Equip ment Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Pint Supply Co. Rock Dusters Mine Safety Appliances Co. Taylor-Shants Co, Wieamaa Mfr. Os. Rope--Wire WUUamiport Wire Hope Ce. S Sand Blast Equipment Pangborn Corp. Sanderst Highway Highway Serrtee, Ine, Saw, Safety Mine Safety Appliances Ca Saw Guards Hetloa Manufacturing Corp. Safety Equipment Service Ca Surty Mfr. Co. Scaffolding Patent Scaffolding Co, Scrubbing Machines -- Elec tric Flnneil Systems, Inc. Separators, Screen Pangborn Corp. Shaper Guards Surty Ufg. Ce, Shoe Soles--Non-Slip Lima Cord Sole A Heal Ce. Shoes--Factory and Foundry American MeUt Shoe Ca Bullard-Dari*. Ine. Chippewa Shoe Mfg. Ca Bndicott-Johnsoa Corp. International Shoe Ca MacLaury, J. D, Mine Safety Appliances Co. Reece Wooden Sols Shoe Co. Safety Equipment Senrice Ca Safety First Supply Co. Safety First Shoo Co. Schlff k Co., Leon. Signs Collin* k Co,. Thos. E, Industrial Products Ca Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety First Supply Co. Stonehouse Signs, Inc. Slides--L inter n--Alao see Films or Slides Slings--Chain Taylor Chain Co., S. G. Treads--Safety American Abrasive Metals Co. American Mason Safety Tread Co. Central Iron k Steel Ca Durable Mat. Co., Inc. Surty Mflg. Co., Inc. Trestles--Safety Extension Patent Scaffolding Co. Trophies Williams Jewelry k Mfg. Ca Slings--Safety Wire Rope Murray Safety Sling Co. Solder, Self-Fluxing Hester Solder Co, Solders Hester Sotder Co. Spray Painting Equipment Paaieh Airbrush Ca Strapping--Metal Stanley Works. The. Switchboard Mats and Floor ing Acme Steel Co. American Aiisafe Ca Industrial Product* Co. Safety Flrit Supply Co. Surty Mfg, Co., Ina T Tools--Linemen's Klein. Mathias k Son. Tools--Non-Sparking American Metal Products Ca V Ventilating Apparatus Pangborn Corp. W Washers--Safety for Grind ing Wheels Standard Safety Equipment Co. Waste Cans Bullard-Darii, Inc. Dlener Ca, Geo. W. Justrits Mfg. Co. Mine Safety Appliances Ce, Water Coolers Bundle Spence Mfg. Co. Window Cleaner Oaklte Products, Inc, Window Cleaners' Safety De vices American Atlsafe Co. Traffic Markers Challenge Machinery Ca Metal Traffic Marker Corp. Nlssly Ca, Walter S. Wrenches--Hopper Car Industrial Products Co. Safety First Supply Co. Safety Wrench k Appliance Ca NEIJ/TRIAL /AfETy MaEEET AS a service to our readers, we endeavor to main^ tain a complete list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed information and catalogs on material to meet your requirements. National Safety News, X08 East Ohio Street, Chicago Please hare forwarded to me from various manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., on the following material: Specifications: (Be specific as to size, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) Company Address ___ Your Name When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 104 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS SO mm, Duraglas Croggle tenses, give wider Held of clear vision, prevent stumbling and falls , , , The new, extra-size lenses in the 50 mm. Dura- glas provide a maximum field of vision. Then too, SlighUy reduced Super-Armorplate lenses (Pat. Pending) are used in this goggle made of strong, hard glass which gives absolutely true, clear This illustration shows the extremely low Duraglas eyecup ................. You also see the sanitary, rolled-edge binding. Duraglas is allmetal construction, exceed ingly light in weight, mois ture proof, shaped to fit the face comfortably and well. vision without eye fatigue. It all means better, safer vision. Everything has been done to make Duraglas a comfort able goggle that is easy to see through and easy to keep clean. It is well ventilated; the improved contour assures comfort and a snug fit. DURAGLAS--a truly efficient safety goggle. AMERICAN OPTICAL COMPANY Safety M)ivision NEW YORK . ST. LOUIS . SAN FRANCISCO . CHICAGO . KANSAS CITY . ATLANTA When writing advertisers, please mention NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS A SURE PATH TO GREATER SAFETY We heartily recommend Dur^ able Safety Mats as a remarkable contribution to safety, comfort, cleanliness, sanitation, and economy. Wet or dry, regardless of conditions, they are nomslip, give safe, positive tread and traction They reduce fatigue, because of a resilience like that of natural turf; foot soreness, leg, back and body strain, and general fatigue are reduced. By insulating from dampness, they help to ban rheumatism. Their use helps to increase production. They pick up all litter, cleaning snow and dirt from feet that pass over them. This dirt is all collected in one place, to be easily and completely removed by lifting the mat. Sanitation is a step towards safety. Durable Safety Mats are made of the strongest rubberized fabric Service tests extending over seven years indicate that ten, and even more years of service may normally be expected. First cost may be considered last cost; which means that the cost per year of service is ridiculously low. The mats are a real investment. Durable Safety Mats are ideal for all applications around industrial plants. Prices, and additional information, will be gladly furnished. Just write us. SAFETY FIRST SUPPLY COMPANY MANUFACTURERS OF DIAMOND SAFETY PRODUCTS Brady Building (Ross Street and Third Avenue) PITTSBURGH, PA.  and backed by a FEARLESS SERVICE GUARANTEE! N offering Super-Drednaut Goggles, we do not seek X to win your favor by weight of words. We do not JBBj ask you to accept our claim that Super-Drednauts provide an extra margin of comfort, afford a greater degree of protection, deliver longer service life. Instead, we offer you ACTUAL PROOF of the out standing ability of Super-Drednauts to provide more effec tive protection, to afford greater comfort, to last longer than any other goggle--proof substantiated and confirmed by demonstrated performance in the plants of actual Super-Dreadnaut users. More--before asking you to invest one penny in SuperDrednauts, we invite you to make an actual test in your own plant--to compare Super-Dreadnaut protection with any other goggle on the market. Finally, as conclusive proof of our confidence in the superior performance merits of Super-Dreadnaut--as tangible evidence of our desire to protect every single dollar you invest in Super-Dreadnauts, we place solidly be hind every pair sold an unqualified Service Guarantee which expressly agrees to replace, irrespective of length of service, any Super-Dreadnaut lens or frame, broken in service. On request, a sample pair of Super-Dreadnaut Goggles for a conclusive plant test will be sent to Safety Directors, Plant Executives or other responsible executives. THE SAFETY EQUIPMENT SERVICE COMPANY Buell W. Nutt, President 1228 St. Clair Avenue Cleveland, Ohio.