Document pBxQkBGD7DyRMrBMDdErVaz0E

gene-06^-313 x rCo, ,niP s n'y s s , ea v -O vJO s-O 0o --m3 1 - i on 3^5 . 5 ^ r*, c o n O xr o FLUOROCHEMICAL USE, DISTRIBUTION AND RELEASE OVERVIEW - 9 po -- Oc>0 4.((76*?o Prepared by 3M Company May 26,1999 000003 w -- `"GrOi --j ---- -r- CO-pn ro a a cn C3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction.................................................................................................................................. ....3 The 3M ECF Process............................................................................. .........................................3 3M Production of Sulfonyl-based Fluorochemicals............................... 4 3M Sulfonyl-based Fluorochemical Products.............................................................................. 5 Profile of Major Product Categories..............................................................................................7 Surface Treatment Products...................................................................................... 7 Paper and Packaging Protectors............................................................................................ 8 Performance Chemicals.......................................................................................................10 Ongoing and Proposed Exposure Assessment and Stewardship Initiatives........................... 11 Chart 1: POSF Fluorochemical Reaction Tree......................................................................... 13 Table 1: Fluorochemical Glossary...............................................................................................14 Chart 2: Product Building Block................................................................................................ 15 Table 2: Estimated Fluorochemical (FC) Usage by Application............................................. 16 Table 3: Features of Fluorochemical Surfactants..................................................................... 17 Appendix 1 PCP Carpet Business.............................................................................................................. 20-49 Appendix 2 PCP Home Textile Business................................................................................................ 50-100 Appendix 3 PCP Apparel and Leather Business................................................................................... 101-152 Appendix 4 3M Aftermarket Application and Retail Consumer Business...........................................153-194 Appendix 5 Performance Chemicals..................................................................................................... 195-326 Appendix 6 Paper and Packaging Business..........................................................................................327-347 000004 2 FLUOROCHEMICAL USE, DISTRIBUTION AND RELEASE OVERVIEW In tro d u c tio n This paper and accompanying appendices provide an overview of the use, distribution and environmental release of sulfonyl-based fluorochemicals (FCs) produced by 3M Company. The paper and appendices are intended to present a preliminary review of FC pathways for human and environmental exposure from the time these materials leave the control of 3M through their end-use and/or disposal. This assessment is primarily qualitative and is based on available information within 3M and the experience and judgment of 3M's FC marketing and technical support personnel. 3M undertook this review for two purposes: (i) to support initial judgments about the exposure scenarios of greatest significance and set priorities for in-depth quantitative evaluation of the use and disposal profile of selected FC products; and (ii) to guide and set priorities for product reformulation, customer communication and other product stewardship activities. Although the review is preliminary and qualitative, it may be useful in providing EPA and other agencies with an introduction to FC exposure issues. 3M has already taken a range of actions based on this preliminary review. These include product and environmental stewardship initiatives to reduce FC exposures and releases at 3M and downstream manufacturing locations. In addition, 3M is in the process of developing a comprehensive exposure assessment plan which will include further modeling, monitoring and product use simulations. Preliminary work to support this assessment is already underway. A summary of 3M's stewardship initiatives and exposure assessment workplan is presented in the final section of this paper. Because the information in this paper and appendices is preliminary and qualitative, it contains some worstcase estimates of potential exposure and release levels. For this reason, the information in the paper should be used with caution. 3M expects that more realistic estimates of human exposure and environmental release levels will be available once its exposure assessment plan is implemented. The 3M EC F Process FCs are components of several important 3M product lines due to their unique and useful properties. As components of products, they repel both water and oil, reduce surface tension much lower than other surfactants, act as catalysts for oligomerization and polymerization, and function where other products would rapidly degrade. 3M Company utilizes a process known as Simons Electro-Chemical Fluorination (ECF) to synthesize organofluorine molecules. In this process, organic feedstocks are dispersed in liquid, anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, and an electric current is passed through the solution, causing the hydrogen atoms on the molecule to be replaced with fluorine. The predominant components of the products created by this process have the same carbon skeletal arrangement as the feedstock used, but with all of the hydrogen atoms replaced by fluorine. However, fragmentation and rearrangement of the carbon skeleton can also occur and significant amounts of cleaved, branched and cyclic structures may be formed. The degree of fluorination of the organic feedstock is also dependent upon the specific carbon chain length of the feedstock and parameters of the ECF process such as electrical current and the length of time the process is run. It is possible to synthesize fully fluorinated or perfluorooganic molecules where all of the hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon feedstock have been replaced by fluorine atoms. Using these perfluorooganic molecules as basic building blocks, unique chemistries can be created by further reactions with functionalized hydrocarbon molecules. 000005 3 3M built the first manufacturing pilot scale ECF process in 1949 and has continued to develop and improve the Simons ECF process for the production of fluorochemical products. Currently, 3M has three manufacturing sites in the United States using the ECF process (Cottage Grove (pilot production only), MN, Cordova, IL, and Decatur, AL). FC production using the ECF process occurs outside the United States at 3M's facility in Antwerp, Belgium. 3M Production o fSulfon vl-based Fluorochemicals 3M has produced sulfonyl based fluorochemicals commercially for over 40 years using the ECF process. A basic building block of such products and the highest production volume fluorochemical 3M manufactures is perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride (POSF). POSF is produced in the United States primarily at 3M's Decatur facility in quantities of around . The starting feedstock for producing POSF is 1-octanesulfonyl fluoride. Reaction 1 C8Hi7S 02F + 34HF 1-Octanesulfonyl Fluoride --------> ECF C8Fn S02F + 17 H2 Perfluorooctanesulfonyl fluoride (POSF) The electrochemical fluorination process yields about 34%-40% straight chain (normal) POSF, and a mixture of byproducts and waste of variable composition. Because of slight differences in process conditions, raw materials, and equipment, the mixture produced by the electrochemical fluorination process varies somewhat from lot-to-lot and from plant-to-plant. The product that results from electrochemical fluorination is thus not a pure chemical but rather a mix of isomers and homologues. During production, byproducts and waste products are formed. The volatile waste products, such as perfluoromethane, are vented to the atmosphere, but a program is underway to capture and destroy these releases by thermal oxidation. The tars formed in the process are incinerated at 3M corporate hazardous waste incinerator. The byproducts, many of which are incompletely fluorinated with hydrogen atoms still present, can be recycled back into the ECF process or are partially degraded in stabilization processes, and eventually discharged to controlled, in-house, wastewater treatment systems. The treatment sludge is either landfilled or land-incorporated. Some of the non-POSF byproducts are recovered and sold for secondary uses. POSF is itself a commercially viable product, and in 1997 was sold in quantities of approximately for use as an industrial raw material (mainly outside the US). However, the primary use of POSF is within 3M, where it functions as an important intermediate in the synthesis of substances used in many other 3M fluorochemical products. The majority of internally-consumed POSF is used to produce functionally derivatized fluorochemicals and high molecular weight polymeric products. Table 1 identifies POSF-based fluorochemicals, their acronyms, chemical names, and formulas. To a lesser extent, some homologues of POSF, [CnF(2n+i)S02F where n=other than 8], principally perfluorohexanesulfonyl fluoride, are also intermediates in the formation of other 3M products. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) will result from the chemical or metabolic hydrolysis of POSF-derived FCs. Under appropriate conditions, the perfluorooctane sulfonate anion can form salts with monovalent metallic cations. Current information indicates that PFOS or its salts cannot be broken down further 4 000006 chemically under normally occurring environmental conditions. Therefore PFOS is the ultimate degradation product from POSF derived fluorochemicals and will generally persist in that form. PFOS is also a commercialized product used for a variety of surfactant applications (mainly fire-fighting foams and coating additives). 3M sells approximately Using POSF as a basic building block, unique chemistries can be created by derivatizing POSF through the sulfonyl fluoride moiety of the molecule using conventional hydrocarbon reactions. Charts 1 and 2 outline the general classes of fluorinated materials made by 3M. The major intermediates are represented by the trunk of the "tree" in Chart 1. POSF is reacted with methyl or ethyl amine to produce either N-methyl or Nethylperfluorooctanesulfonamide (FOSA). FOSA is subsequently reacted with ethylene carbonate to form either N-methyl or N-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol (FOSE). The FOSA and FOSE intermediates are the principal building blocks of 3M's product lines. By poundage, methyl-fose based intermediates and products slightly predominate over ethyl-fose-based materials. The secondary reactions producing all of these derivatives are single or sequential batch processes that do not necessarily produce pure products. There may be varying amounts of fluorochemical residuals (unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates) that are carried forward to the final product. Examples of such residuals include PFOS, n-methyl and n-ethyl FOSA and N-MeFOSE and N-Et FOSE alcohols. Typically, where present, these residuals can be found at a concentration of 1-2% or less in final products and, in the aggregate, represent roughly 1-2% of total FC production volume. (FC residuals in 3M products have the potential to degrade or metabolize to PFOS.) In addition, during product use or disposal, the nonfluorochemical moieties added to the sulfonyl fluoride group of POSF can also be removed through a variety of degradation processes (chemical, environmental and metabolic). In such instances, the fluorochemical. species which is ultimately produced as a result of such degradation will generally be PFOS as well. 3M Sulfon yl-based Fluorochem icalProducts The 3M Chemical product lines that use POSF-based fluorochemicals are summarized below. In some cases, 3M manufactures the final commercialized product. In other cases, 3M sells a fluorochemical which another company incorporates into its final product. (Product lines using fluorochemicals which contain no sulfonyl groups are not listed). POSF-derived fluorochemicals (polymers and monomers) are formulated with water or solvent, with the FC component (or FC solids) representing percent of the formulation. Total U.S. production of FC solids across 3M's product lines is about . 3M produced FC solids represent plus of the total production of sulfonyl based fluorochemicals in the U.S. The breakdown of 3M FC production into different product categories is shown in Table 2. Surface Treatments (High Molecular Weight (MW) polymers or formulated products with low percentages of non-polymeric FC solids) Carpet Protector Fabric/Upholstery Protector Apparel and Leather Protector Protective Products for After Markets and Consumer Application Paper and Packaging Protectors (Phosphate esters or high MW polymers) Food Packaging 5 000007 Paper Products Performance Chemicals (Low MW chemical substances) Fire Extinguishing Foam Concentrates Mining and Oil Surfactants Electroplating and Etching Bath Surfactants Household Additives Chemical Intermediates Coatings and Coating Additives Carpet Spot Cleaners Insecticides Raw Materials Surface treatment products for carpets, textiles and apparel are typically sold under the Scotchgard tradename; 3M markets its paper and packaging protective products under the Scotchban tradename; and some performance chemicals are sold under the Fluorad tradename. Surface Treatment Products.3M fluorochemicals produced for surface treatment applications provide soil, stain, and water resistance to personal apparel and home furnishings. The great bulk of these products are manufactured as high-molecular weight polymers although some surface treatment products used for aftermarket and consumer spray application contain a significant fraction of unpolymerized FC components. Polymeric surface treatment products are primarily N-MeFOSEA-based; the fluorochemical is polymerized with urethane, acrylate and/or adipate reactants. Such protective products function through the fluorocarbon moiety on the polymer lowering the surface energy of the material to which they are applied. Paper Protectors. The 3M paper protectors are used in food packaging and commercial applications. They can be divided into two general classes of chemistries. One class consists of mixtures of mono-, di- and tri phosphate esters of N-EtFOSE alcohol, roughly in the proportions of 10%, 85% and 5% percent, respectively. The other class is N-MeFOSEA-acrylate copolymer. Applied to paper, the perfluorocarbon moiety in these classes of products has the effect of lowering the surface energy of the individual paper fibers. This lowered surface energy greatly contributes to the holdout of low surface energy liquids such as greases and oils. Performance Chemicals. POSF derived chemistries used as performance chemicals are relatively low . molecular weight (<500 daltons) surface active materials and monomers. Some of these chemicals are sold by 3M, or incorporated by 3M customers into formulated products, for use as surfactants in a range of industrial or consumer applications. Other performance chemicals are used as intermediates from which 3M or its customers make other finished products. Such fluorochemical intermediates can be covalently bound to a variety of polymeric hydrocarbon backbones to make higher molecular oligomeric or polymeric products with unique performance characteristics. POSF-derived performance chemicals with fluorochemical surfactant properties differ greatly from conventional hydrocarbon and silicone surfactants. In most systems they are far more efficient in reducing surface tension to levels that are unreachable with other types of surfactants. In some aqueous systems, surface tensions as low as 15 to 16 dynes/cm can be attained. The fluorochemical surfactants normally produce these extremely low values at concentrations as low as 100 parts per million, or less. Equally important is the fact that certain of these fluorochemical surface active agents are stable and effective in many extremely hostile 6 000008 environments, including strongly acidic, strongly alkaline and even strongly oxidizing systems. Table 3 summarizes the features of fluorochemical surfactants. Another unique physical characteristic of certain POSF-based performance chemicals is their ability to form tough, yet resilient foams. Such foams usually contain low molecular weight fluorochemicals (including PFOS) and have been formulated to resist the action of high temperature or aggressive chemicals and vapors. These formulations have found commercial application in suppressing flammable liquid, chemical and organic fires or toxic and obnoxious vapors and odors. P rofile o fM ajor P roduct Categories The Appendices to this paper provide detailed profiles of each of the major use categories for sulfonyl-based FCs. For each use category, the Appendices present: Chemical composition information for 3M products. A description of the relevant business, including the scope of FC usage and distribution and location of key customers. A synopsis of use and distribution patterns, including potential exposure pathways during the initial application of FCs by 3M's customers, potential environmental release scenarios and opportunities for exposure during end-use of products to which FCs are applied. Key information about each use category is highlighted below. Surface Treatm entP roducts These products provide soil resistance and repellency (fluorochemical products). Industrial, non-retail customers for products in this class consist of (i) carpet manufacturers and fiber producers who serve the markets for residential, commercial and transportation flooring; (ii) textile mills and commission finishers who produce upholstery fabric for residential furniture, home decor items such as slipcovers, mattress pads and shower curtains, and automotive, truck and van interiors or produce non-woven fabrics for use in medical or industrial applications; and (iii) textile mills, leather tanneries, finishers and chemical formulators who treat fabric and leather used for garments, footwear, accessories and non garment functional fabrics. These products consist of polymeric FCs with high molecular weights. Industrial, commercial and consumer exposure is primarily to polymeric substances, although most of the 3M products contain low amounts of monomeric FC residuals (typically at 1 percent or lower levels) to which some exposure may occur. Upon distribution to mills, fiber manufacturers or other customers, the 3M surface treatment product is typically mixed with other additives and diluted. It is then applied to uncut fiber, textile or leather raw materials. Application methods include spray, foam, pad or co-application. Depending on the market segment, the application process occurs in an enclosed or open operation. In the latter case, mill production workers could have inhalation 7 00000 and/or dermal exposure to FCs although such exposure would be predominantly to polymers. Some additional exposure may occur during processing operations such as drying, shearing, cutting and shipping although exposure levels should be low. Losses of FC polymers to the environment are expected during 3M customer operations. These losses could involve discharges of process wastewater and air releases during initial application of surface treatment formulations to uncut carpet, fiber, fabric or leather. Additional wastes (typically solids coated with FC polymers) are created during cutting, shearing and other packaging operations and are typically landfilled or recycled. Total FC losses during downsteam operations will vary by application but it is estimated that they could range between The end-use of consumer articles is another source of FC losses to the environment. For example, vacuuming and cleaning of carpets is estimated to result in substantial removal of the FC treatment over time; carpet containing FC coatings is also landfilled upon end-of-life disposal. Similarly, FC losses to the environment are also expected in wastewater from dry cleaning and laundering of garments, upholstery and leather goods and from landfilling of these items after they are discarded. 3M surface treatment products have extensive aftermarket applications and are distributed through retail and commercial channels for direct treatment of upholstery, carpet, auto interiors, apparel and leather by individual consumers or professional applicators. Retail products in this category are aerosol can spray cleaners and protectors for residential use. These products are manufactured by independent non-3M facilities under contract with 3M and are distributed through grocery, hardware and autoparts stores and other retail outlets. A variety of formulations are manufactured for this market. Typically, they include non-polymeric fluorochemical salts and residuals at levels of between . These have the potential to degrade to PFOS. These products are intended for occasional home use only. Commercial 3M surface treatment products are marketed to (i) commercial cleaning services and (ii) commercial film processing facilities. Products in the first category are liquid, water-based materials applied through low-pressure or paint-type spray equipment to upholstery, carpet and other surfaces in homes, commercial buildings or retail furniture outlets. These products contain non-polymeric FC solids and residuals in concentrations of between . The second class of products includes liquid, photocurable coating for film negatives which is typically machine-applied at commercial film processing facilities. P aper and Packaging P rotectors 3M markets fluorochemical sizing agents to the packaging and paper industries. These products impart grease, oil and water resistance to paper and paperboard substrates. They are used for food contact applications (plates, food containers, bags and wraps) and non food applications (folding cartons, containers and carbonless forms and masking papers). 8 000010  Fluorochemical sizing agents are applied to paper and paperboard substrates predominantly by paper mills which treat paper fibers and, to a much lesser extent, by converters who transform paper and/or paperboard into wraps, bags or cartons for desired end-uses. Application methods vary but approximately 75 percent of paper mill use of these products occurs via the size press. The fluorochemical product received by 3M customers is typically diluted in a starch/ water solution and applied in a concentration to the paper web, which is then dried to evaporate the water and converted into rolls for shipment. Mix preparation, treatment of the paper web, and conversion are all carried out in open systems although fluorochemical exposure to workers is generally considered to be limited because of the dilute form of the sizing mixture and predominance of high molecular weight FC esters or polymers. Some loss of the fluorochemicals to the environment occurs as a result of spillage, cleanup and releases during the opening, rinsing and recovery of FC totes or drums. Environmental media for FC releases include wastewater and air (for losses during papermaking) and landfills (for disposal of end-use paper products). 3M's food packaging products include a high molecular weight phosphate ester produced using N-EtFOSE and an acrylate copolymer based on N-MeFOSEA. Both of these products are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for direct food contact under 21 C.F.R. 176.170. The first product has been subject to considerable dialogue between FDA and 3M as a result of a petition for approval for microwave popcorn applications filed by 3M. In a risk assessment recently submitted to FDA in connection with this petition, 3M presented analyzes indicating that PFOS could be formed in vivo as a result of the hydrolysis of certain product components and the metabolic conversion of FC residuals. 1 3M's grease, oil and water repellant products for non-FDA applications are similar in composition to its food contact products. Consumer exposure to the FC residuals is expected to be minimal because use scenarios for paper and packaging products containing them involve very occasional dermal contact. 'Environ Corporation, Revised Interim Safety Assessment o f FC-807 and 807A: Two Fluorochemical-based Indirect Food Additives, January 25, 1999. 9 000011 Perform ance Chemicals Products in this category are distributed for a variety of specialized industrial, commercial and consumer applications, often where the surfactant properties of fluorochemicals offer significant benefits. Many of these products are low molecular weight POSF-derived chemistries; some are fluorochemical intermediates covalently bonded to a variety of polymeric hydrocarbon backbones. Since these products tend to serve niche markets, volumes are generally small. Fire Fighting Foams. Light Water and ATC are trademarks for 3M products that are aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) and alcohol-resistant concentrate (AR-AFFF) used to suppress and/or extinguish flammable liquid fires and suppress flammable liquid and toxic chemical vapors. The great bulk of these products are sold to "fire fighters" who mix the concentrate with water to form a foam and apply it to the fire or flammable liquid either manually or through an automated system. User categories for the foams include chemical and petroleum plants, fire departments, vessels, off-shore drilling platforms, the military, and environmental remediation companies. The 3M foam products contain low concentrations which is typically present at levels of in the foam as applied. After application, the foam is disposed of, typically through wastewater treatment, but uncontrolled releases to surface water or land are known to occur. Mining and Oil Surfactants. 3M sells surfactants to copper and gold mines to increase wetting of the sulfuric acid or cyanide that leaches the ore, enhancing the amount of metal recovery. Oil well service firms and oil companies also use these surfactants in a "well stimulation" formulation that is injected into wells to enhance oil or gas recovery. These products contain low molecular weight FCs present at low levels in the range of Metal Plating and Electronic Etching Baths. Users of 3M surfactants in this category include chrome and plastic preplate etchant platers seeking to suppress oxidizing mist for purposes of worker protection. 3M surfactants are sold either as powders to formulators or as liquids directly to platers. Electronics manufacturers also add 3M surfactants as strong acids in order to etch precise patterns in a silicon wafer or a printed circuit board. The 3M products are . As distributed to formulators, these products typically contain FC solids at levels of or higher but are diluted down to concentrations of when added to metal plating or electronic etching baths. Because of the presence of strong acids and other corrosive materials, workers who prepare and apply the baths normally use personal protective equipment. Disposal of the spent baths is either to wastewater treatment facilities or to hazardous waste landfills or incinerators when the baths qualify as hazardous waste for purposes of RCRA. 10 000012  Household Additives. 3M surfactants are now (or previously have been) sold to a variety of formulators to improve the wetting of water-based products marketed as alkaline cleaners, floor polishes, photographic film, denture cleansers and shampoos. Several of these products (alkaline cleaners, floor polishes, shampoos) are (or previously were) marketed to consumers; some products are also sold to janitorial and commercial cleaning services. Some of the alkaline cleaners are spray-applied and could result in inhalation or ingestion exposure. The primary exposure route for other products is dermal. The 3M surfactants are As supplied to formulators, the 3M products contain in the range of FC solids but are then heavily diluted and are present in final products at extremely low levels Intermediates. 3M sells limited quantities of fluorochemical intermediates which are combined with other monomers to produce polymers. The intermediates sold by 3M in the U.S. include, fluorinated alkyl acrylate and fluorinated alkyl alcohol. Polymers produced by 3M customers are believed to have trace levels of FC residuals. Coatings and Coating Additives. 3M sells fluorochemical polymer coatings and coating additives which are used as received or diluted with water or butyl acetate to impart soil or water repellency to surfaces (including printed circuit boards or photographic film). These polymers contain FC residuals in low levels (typically 4% or less). Other formulators add 3M fluorochemical polymers as a thickener to aqueous coatings used to protect tile, marble and concrete. Products in this class have some distribution to commercial and consumer channels. Carpet Spot Cleaner. 3M supplies a non-polymeric fluorochemical to formulators of carpet spot cleaners in which the fluorochemical provides stain and soil resistance. These products are marketed to consumers in pump and aerosol cans for spray application to carpets. The FC component of these products is present at levels of Insecticides Raw Materials. The 3M products are processed by 3M customers into active ingredients in bait stations for leaf cutter ants, pharoah ants, cornfield ants and a variety of household ants. These products are used mainly in commercial and industrial applications. The fluorochemicals are present in the pesticide formulation at levels of Ongoing an d P roposed Exposure A ssessm entan d Stew ardship In itiatives Based on the results of its initial product use, distribution, and release overview, 3M has undertaken or is planning a variety of stewardship and exposure assessment initiatives intended to better characterize the highest priority human and environmental exposure pathways while taking initial steps to minimize exposure and release levels for products containing PFOS or PFOS precursors. 11 000013 3M has undertaken extensive research and development programs to reengineer POSF-based products to reduce PFOS and precursor residuals and ultimately to transition to chemistries with lower accumulation potential. 3M has updated fluorochemical based MSDS's and has begun an industrial hygiene program with customers aimed at helping to promote improved use and handling of fluorochemicals and reduction of occupational exposures where appropriate. As part of this program, 3M has volunteered to make available its industrial hygiene professionals for qualitative workplace assessments at customer facilities. 3M is also conducting use simulation studies to determine potential consumer exposure levels for FCs released during spray application of surface treatment products marketed to consumers. Exposure Assessment Plan Overview Building on 3M's initial assessment a plan also has been developed to assess potential environmental exposure pathways associated with the manufacture, use and disposition of major 3M fluorochemical products. A detailed description of all the exposure/product stewardship initiatives is beyond the scope of this paper but the four principle components are as follows: 1) The characterization of fate and transport properties is being addressed in multiple steps. The specific projects planned and/or initiated to characterize fate and transport properties of fluorochemicals are: a) Physical/chemical properties testing of persistent fluorochemical degradation products as well as selected fluorochemical products. This includes (where applicable): melting point, boiling point, vapor pressure, disassociation constant, hydrolysis, water solubility, air/water partition coefficient, octanol/water partition coefficient, soil/water partition coefficient, bioconcentration in fish. b) Photodegradation studies c) Atmospheric chemistry evaluation d) Studies to assess aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability e) Development of appropriate models for theprediction of physical/chemical properties of fluorochemicals not tested. 2) Using the initial estimates in the attached assessment and sales data from 1997, releases from manufacturing, the supply chain, use and disposal at all steps are being estimated for the products identified as important. Release data is also being determined by sampling and analyses of 3M manufacturing plant process wastes and effluents. In addition to providing the information necessary to assess distribution and exposure, release estimates will aid in determining sampling sites and substantiate results from sampling. It is anticipated that this effort may also identify those fluorochemicals which require further analysis of fate, transport and exposure. 3) Modeling and sampling is being undertaken to estimate fluorochemical concentrations and better characterize the distribution of FCs in the environment. These activities are to be conducted in an iterative fashion and will become refined and focused as more data become available. The specific projects planned and/or initiated to characterize environmental distribution are: 12 000014 4) Exposure levels for all possible pathways that could lead to human ecological exposure from the prioritized products will be estimated. When release and distribution data become available, the most important pathways will be hypothesized. Iterative sampling and modeling will be employed to test these hypotheses and determine the important pathways to be used in risk assessment. The specific projects planned and/or initiated to estimate exposure are: SUMMARY Efforts are underway at 3M to assess the risk of POSF based 3M fluorochemicals to both human health and the environment. To augment 3M's initial review an exposure assessment plan for POSF based fluorochemicals is being implemented. As new information becomes available it will be summarized and communicated to the EPA. A POSF based fluorochemical environmental "white paper" is currently being prepared and will be submitted upon completion. 13 000015 Chart 1 POSF Fluorochemical Reaction Tree Fatty Acid Esters Phosphate Esters Alcohols Urethanes Copolymers Adipates Acrylates FOSE (N-Alkylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethanol) Quaternary Ammonium Salts Sulfonates (PFOS) 14 000016 Table 1. Fluorochemical Glossary D esignation POSF PFOS PFOSH PFOS.NH* salt PFOS.DEA salt PFOS.K salt PFOS.Li salt FOSA N-EtFOSGE N-EtFOSA N-MeFOSA N-EtFOSE N-MeFOSE N-EtFOSEA N-EtFOSEMA N-MeFOSEA M olecular Form ula Technical Name (CAS Name) C8F17SO2F Perfluorooctanesulfony! fluoride (1-Octanesulfonyl fluoride, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-) C6Fi 7S 0 3 Perfluorooctanesulfonate (1-Octanesulfonic acid anion, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-) c 8f 17s o 3h Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (1-Octanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-) c 8f ,7 s o 3 n h 4 Am m onium perfluorooctanesulfonate ( 1 -O ctanesulfonlc acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-, ammonium salt) CbF 17S 0 3NH(CH2CH20 H )2 Perfluorooctanesulfonate, diethanolamine salt (1-Octanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafIuoro-, compd. with 2,2'-iminobistethanol) (1:1)) C8F t7 S0 3K Potassium perfluorooctanesulfonate (1-Octanesulfonic acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-, potassium salt) CaF 17SO3U Lithium perfluorooctanesulfonate (1-Octanesulfonlc acid, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-, lithium salt) c 8f 17s o 2n h 2 P e rflu o ro o cta n e su lfo n a m id e (1-Octanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-) C 8F 17S 0 2N(CH2CH 3)CH2C 0 0 ` N -p erflu o ro o c ty ls u lfo n y l-N -e th y lg ly c in a te (Glycine, N-ethyl-N-[(heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]-, anion) c 8f 17s o 2n h c h 2c h 3 N -E th ylp e rflu o ro o cta n e su lfo n a m id e (1-Octanesulfonamide, N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-) c 8f 17s o 2n h c h 3 N -M e th ylpe rfluo roo cta nesu lfon am id e (1-Octanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-N-methyl-) C8F17S 0 2N(CH2CH3)CH2CH20 H N -E th ylp e rflu o ro o cta n e su lfo n a m id o e th a n o l (1-Octanesulfonamide, N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-) C8F17S 0 2N(CH3)CH2CH20H N -M e th ylpe rfluo roo cta nesu lfon am id oe th an ol (1-Octanesulfonamide, 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N-methyl-) C8F 17S 0 2N(CH2CH 3)CH2CH20 C 0 C H = C H 2 N-Ethylperfluorooctanesuifonamidoethyl acrylate (2-Propenoic acid, 2-[ethyl[(heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]amino]ethyl ester) C8F17S 0 2N(CH2CH3)CH2CH20 C 0 C (C H 3)=CH2 N-Ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethyl methacrylate (2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-[ethyl[(heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl)amino]ethyl ester) C 8F ,, S 0 2N(CH3)CH2CH20 C 0 C H = C H 2 N-Methylperfluorooctanesulfonamidoethyl acrylate (2-Propenoic acid, 2-[[(heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]methylamino]ethyl ester) 000017 15 000018 Table 3 Features of Fluorochemical Surfactants SURFACE ACTIVITY AQUEOUS SYSTEMS Some of these surfactants can lower surface tension to less than 16 dynes/cm and function at low concentrations. They are effective in dramatically reducing surface tension in a wide variety of aqueous media, including acidic and basic systems. NON AQUEOUS SYSTEMS Fluorochemical Surfactants have been developed which uniquely reduce surface tensions of many organic media to about 20 dynes/cm, including solvents such as esters, alcohols and ethers and resin systems including epoxies, polyesters, urethanes and acrylics. WETTING Reduced surface tensions result in the ability to improve the wetting of a variety o f materials, including such hard to wet surfaces as plastics and oily metals. BETTER SPREADING Low surface tension in combination with low interfacial tension affects spontaneous spreading of a liquid over various surfaces. This is important in reducing pinholes, craters, and edge crawling of coatings applied to unclean surfaces. REDUCED WATER SPOTTING Because of reduced droplet formation, the need for distilled or deionized water in rinsing operations may be eliminated. SMALLER GAS BUBBLES These smaller gas bubbles produced at the surface of metal during chemical etching will have less tendency to adhere, grow and cause surface imperfections. SMALLER DROP FORMATION Smaller drops are desired in fine aerosol mists. BETTER LIQUID PENETRATION The force required to cause liquids to move through small pore spaces can be greatly reduced. IMPROVED FILM UNIFORMITY Smoother, more even films are produced from polishes, finishes and coatings. LEVELING Emulsion coatings applied to difficult to wet surfaces can show greatly improved leveling with the addition of small quantities of these materials. FOAMING Stable foams can be produced in hostile media such as chromic acid or sodium hydroxide, where conventional surface active agents would be destroyed. EMULSIFICATION While generally not effective as emulsifiers in water-organic systems, these materials can be quite efficient emulsifiers in specialty applications, where fluorinated materials comprise either the continuous or the dispersed phase. STABILITY Chemical Some of these surface active agents are stable in such rigorous environments as hot chromic acid, anhydrous hydrazine, hot concentrated sulfuric acid, hot concentrated hydrofluoric acid and hot concentrated sodium hydroxide solutions. Thermal While all of these materials have very good stability at moderate temperatures, a few can withstand temperatures in excess of 300F in air. LOW CONCENTRATION These materials are normally effective at extremely low concentrations, and often are utilized at concentrations of 100 parts per million active solids or less. 17 000019 000020 SANITIZED COPY Protective Chemical Products Carpet Business Fluorochemical Use, Distribution, and Release Overview 000022 20 Foreword This report is a comprehensive look at exposure to 3M's fluorochemicals in the Floorcoverings business. It attempts to answer the following questions. What products are customers exposed to? Where does exposure happen? What type o f exposure is it? The 3M fluorochemical business is complex and global. Markets served are highly fragmented involving multiple 3M products that are applied to multiple substrates, sold into multiple market segments and used for multiple end products. Sources Information for this report was developed solely from internal 3M sources. These include: Knowledge o f product handling and use practices from field sales and technical personnel Best estimates o f end-use applications from known customer activities. Internal sales reports Knowledge o f worldwide activities (where applicable) by St Paul-based personnel How To Read T his Report Situation A nalysis: Provides background on business and products. Distribution C hain and Points o f Contact: Follows the path o f a 3M fluorochemical throughout the distribution chain to final end user. Objective is to identify all points o f contact with our chemicals - from arrival on customer's loading dock through product usage and disposal. Exposure Inform ation Charts: Attempts to quantify type and length o f exposure and number o f workers exposed to our chemicals within the distribution chain. Summary Table: Combines 3M product detail with the exposure routes to provide a summary o f total business exposure by product type. 000023 Table o f Contents l. Chemical Names H. Situation Analysis A. Business Definition B. Maiket Segments C. Fluorochemical Usage D. Customer Location Map m . Exposure Assessment A. Distribution Chain / Points o f Contact B. Exposure Routes C. Application Methods and Disposai D . End User Information E. Summary Table 000024 22 Chemical Names 000025 23 I ! C hem ical Names The following is a list o f Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) names and numbers for individual products. The following information is presented: Generic Code: Indicates an internal 3M designation o f the product(s). CAS Number. Indicates the Chemical Abstracts Services numbers) o f fluorochemicals contained within each product Chemical Name (complete CAS name or IUPAC names if CAS name does not exist): Indicates the Chemical Abstracts Services name(s) o f fluorochemicals contained within each product C hem ical Class: Indicates a shortened, generic chemical name. 000026 24 Generic Code CAS Number CP-1, CP-2, CP-3, CP-5, C P -6 C P -2 CP-5, CP-6 CP-7 C P -3 C P -4 Chemical Names name name nameChemical Name (complete CAS or IUPAC if CAS does not exist) Carpet Chemical Class eron O O o o N >1 Situation Analysis 000028 26 Situation Analysis - Flooring Business Segment Business Definition This segment is comprised o f carpet manufacturers and fiber producers to whom w e supply fluorochemical and stainblocker protective treatments for carpet. These products provide soil resistance and repellency (fluorochemical products) and stain resistance (stainblockers). The Flooring Business Unit defines its market by the follow ing segments: Residential Carpet Commercial Carpet Transportation Carpet Area Rugs (minimal activity) The follow ing two pages further depict the Flooring Market Segm ent and our business in those segments: 000029 27 1998 U.S. Flooring Market Segments Residential Carpet Replacement DIY Professional Res. Contract New construction te n a n t improvement Commercial Carpet Specifier Office Hospitality Institutional Retail Main Street M arket Size MM Sq. Yds. 912 i 363 Transportation Carpet Area Rugs Automotive OEM R ep lacem en t Throw Mats Mobile Hoiries Recreational Vehicles Motor Homes M arin e Airline Tufted Rugs Scatter Rugs Indoor/Outdoor/Grass Braided/Woven 108 181 000030 Fluorochemical Usage This table is simply a breakdown of fluorochemical products by volume. These volumes are then further divided by application method. These numbers are based on sales volumes and 3M sources including sales, technical service, and marketing. 000031 29 30 0 0 0 0 3 2 Product Volum es and U se Patterns This summary is based on individual products. It is a description o f the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which exposure was assessed. The route o f exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fete may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use o f fluorochemical containing product in another product. Application: use o f fluorochemical containing product to treat a substrate End Use: use o f treated substrate Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold in 1997. (M=1000) Chemistry: Generic description o f fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning o f this section. % Residuals: Sum total o f concentration o f the mixture o f fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route o f Exposure: Identifies three potential routes o f exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route o f exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 000033 31 000034 Product Volumes and Use Patterns Product Processor Volume Code End Use Sold Chem istry % Residuals ........................Use Pattern .. Route of Exposure Environmental F a te . C P -1 Fiber Treatm ent M lbs. of FC Solids % In Prod. 1 Food Industrial Com mercial Consumer Dermal Inhalation Ingestion Lendini Waste Water IndnsraHon Treatment Direot Water X X XX C P -2 Carpet T reatm ent 0.3 X X from spray from spray X from X application C P -3 C P-4 Fiber Treatm ent Fiber Treatm ent 0.3 X X X X 0.3 X X XX C P -5 C a rp et T reatm ent 3 to 5 X X from spray from spray X from X application C P-6 C P -7 C a rp et Treatm ent Carpet Treatm ent 3 to 5 0 .3 . X X X from spray from spray X XX from X application from X application Finished goods Carpet r 1 _____ 1__________ XX from X X cleaning Comments Customer Location Map The following U.S. map identifies the location of chemical purchasing customers in the Floorings market segment. The grayscale key indicates where application o f 3M fluorochemicals for carpet occurs. Treated goods are found throughout the United States. 000035 33 co 000036 Exposure Information 000037 35 D istribution Chain / Points o f C ontact This diagram represents the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview o f both the distribution chain and the significant points o f contact where the 3M product may be handled and used. This distribution chain represents the typical use o f the product line; not every product will go through each step. This information was compiled from 3M internal knowledge o fthe marketplace based on 3M technical service/sales visits and general information from the customer interactions. 000038 Distribution Chain/Points o f Contact Carpet Carpet Mill (Inventory) 3M Return to3M Clean/ Recond. Application M ethod -C-vOl o o o o CO <0 M ix Preparation \l/ 3^ Empty )rums/Tte Direct M ix (20%) Bulk Dilution (80%) - " w 00% ) V -- ~V KFA (Foam) Co-Application D ip Pour Bulk M etering 1 l____ (Total Foani - 40% ) Foam ___________ L 'X Z,,,. __ 1 -- /PW 0 Spray ~ l-- Dryer Salvage Waste ^ Shearing Retail Sample M fg Inspection & Roll-Up mt " - 3L Cutting Fiber Manufacturer (Inventory) ________ \ f ______ Mix Preparation \! Bulk Formulating 3 / ______ Pour Bulk M etering 1____----------------Wi t __ ---------- Ceramic Guide Application ir r Fiber Processing (Drawn, Texturized/Spun, Twist, Heat Set) Ship to Mill Mill Processing Tufting, finishing Disposal Cutting, Beveling, Surging rri-E ::: Ship to Retail UseatPOS Ship to Retail/Installer T ~ r~ Installation ^ Scrap Disposal Carpet Cleaning Consumer Use V Landfill Incineration Recycle 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information From the Points of Contact flow chart each step in the customer use process is isolated. All information is based on the use and handling o f 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing. 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point o f Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Most Likely Route ofExposure: Identifies three potential routes o f exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route o f exposure with an "X". Estimated Number of Workers: Indicates the number o f workers who may have potential for exposure duringused. Estimated Exposure lime: Indicates the amount o f time that workers potentially may be exposed during use. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) o fthe product at time o f exposure. Open or Closed System: Open system: is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Closed system: is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 000040 38 Point of Contact Carpet Mill Type of Exposure Number of W orkers Exposure Times Hre/Oay Days/Year <1 Low <50 "Low 1-4 = Medium 5 0 -1 0 0 M edium Oral Dermal Inhalation (per line) >4 High >100 H ig h Physical Form Open or Closed System Comments OpenLiquid Solid Aeroeoi Vapor Closed Loading Dock 1-3 LowIncidane, Cone Pioduct Tufting HH Mix Preparation Bulk Metering Dip MH MH Concentiatad Piodoct Concantiatad Pipduct 000041 Application Co-App Foam co Spray i-D Drying Oven Seaming & Salvage Shearing Shearing W aste Inspection & Roll-up H HH HH HH HH H HH Pnmanly CP-7 Primarily CP-4 X PoaalUa Volatilliad Raalduala Handling Finiahad Oooda Expoaul to Cut Fritan Fiber Processing Application Drawing & Texturizing Spin, Twist, & Se Shipping Fiber 30+ H H H H H H H H Oliaci Contact w/FC In Spin Finiah Poaalbla Volatuad Raaiduala Potatole Ouating H andling Finiahad O ooda Point of Contact Sample Preparation Type of Exposure Number of Workers Exposure Times Physical Form Open or Closed System Comments Oral D erm al Inhalation (per plant) H rs /D a y <1 = Low 1-4 = Medium >4 = High D ays/Year <50 = Low SO -10 0 = Medium >100 = High Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open Closed 000042 Unwrapping Rolls XX Cutting, Beveling, & Surging ?? ? Handling X Retail -Op Unwrapping Rolls Handling & Cutting XX X Installation XX X Consumer Use X Carpet Cleaning * Reconditioning Packaging X X * Disposal Landfill 2 25+ 25+ 2 2 1 -2 2 2 H H H H H H H M H H X XX HX HX X X HX HX HX HX HX H X X- XX X X X X X P o ssib le V o latilized R esid u als Exposure lo C u t Fibers P o ssib le V olatilized R esidu als C o n tact with O ust from the C a rp e l D irect Consum er C o n tact C h em ical In W aste W ater C on centrated C h em ical P rodu ct Flow Diagram s These diagrams show the places that 3M fluorochemicals are introduced and lost in the life cycle o f a carpet Each application method is broken out separately in order to show greater detail. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 41 0 0 0 0 4 3 Product Flow Diagram CP-1, CP-2, 42 0 0 0 0 4 4 Fiber Treatments C P -l, CP-2, CP-3, CP-4 Dilution Ratio: Non-FC Chem icals In Bath: Amount o f U se: Exposure Routes: Spin Finish O il _ FC fiber treatments for carpet D erm al 43 0 0 0 0 4 5 Spray Application ii CP-3, CP-5, CP-6 ------------------- r if Dilution Ratio: Non-FC Chemicals In Bath: Am ount o f Use: Exposure Routes: Product : None carpet treatments Ingestion, Dermal, Inhalation 44 0 0 0 0 4 6 Foam Application CP-3, CP-6, CP-7 ---------------------- D ilution Ratio: Non-FC Chemicals In Bath: Amount o f Use: Exposure Routes: Product : Bath Foaming Agent FC carpet treatments Dermal 45 0 0 0 0 4 7 Co-Application CP-6, CP-7 --------------------------- Dilution R atio: Non-FC Chemicals In Bath: Product : Bath Product : Bath Amount o f U se: Exposure Routes: Dermal FC carpet treatments 000048 46 Waste Disposal* Total carpet mill solid w aste is approxim ately 6 0 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 IbsVyear. This waste includes shearing, selved ges, and b ack ed seam cuts. This equals about 1 to 1.5 MM ft3 o f w aste per year. /7 100 to 115 ft per side z/ U nbacked seamcuts are typically recycled into carpet underiaym ent S om e shearing waste is being landfilled separately s o that it can be recovered if a use is found for it T he fluorochemical portion o f shearing w aste is as fo llo w s: Fiber Treatments (CP-3/C P-4) Approximately . lbs. o f so lid s in shearing w aste T opical Treatments (m ainly CP-6) Approximately . lbs. o f so lid s in shearing w aste Switching from spraying and foam ing to co-application w ould reduce this amount by up to . because the treatm ent is evenly distributed on the fiber. W hen carpet is cleaned, the w astew ater w ill contain OEM fluorochemical. T he m ajority o f the wastewater treatment burden lie s on the local u tilitie s. W hen a typical residential carpet is thrown away, it contains * T hese numbers were generated internally based on custom er inform ation. These numbers are intended to be used a s estim ates until they can be confirmed by the industry. 47 000049 K End User Information Typical Use The average residential carpet se es 15,000 foot traffics p er year. Carpets are vacuumed every 1 to 2 weeks on average. Carpets are professionally cleaned every 3 years. Durability 4, Factors contributing to removal: Temperature o f the cleaning solution The pH o f the cleaning solution The type o f surfactants that are used Lifetim e o f Residential Carpet R esidential carpet is in a home for an average o f 12 years. A graph representing the removal o f OEM treatments can be found o n the next page. 000050 48 000051 Protective Chemical Products Home Textiles Business Fluorochemical Use, Distribution, and Release Overview H om e Furnishings, Home Fashions, A utom otive Nonwovens 000052 50 Foreword This report is a comprehensive look at exposure to 3M's fluorochemicals in the Home Textiles and Nonwoven business. It attempts to answer the following questions. What products are customers exposed to? Where does exposure happen? What type of exposure is it? The 3M fluorochemical business is complex and global. Markets served are highly fragmented involving multiple 3M products that are applied to multiple substrates, sold into multiple market segments and used for multiple end products. Sources o f Inform ation For This Report Information for this report was developed solely from internal 3M sources. These include: Knowledge of product handling and use practices from field sales and technical personnel. Best estimates of end-use applications from known customer activities. Internal sales reports Knowledge of worldwide activities (where applicable) by St. Paul based personnel. H ow To Read This Report The following types of information are available in this report: Situation Analysis: Provides background on business and products. Distribution Chain and Points o f Contact: Follows the path o f a 3M fluorochemical throughout the distribution chain to final end user. Objective is to identify all points of contact with our chemicals - from arrival on customer's loading dock through product usage and disposal Exposure Information Charts: Attempts to quantify type and length of exposure and number o f workers exposed to our chemicals within the distribution chain. Product Volumes and Use Patterns: Combines 3M product detail with the exposure routes to provide a summary of total business exposure by product type. 51 0 0 0 0 5 3 H om e T extiles F lu oroch em ical U se, D istrib u tion and R elease O verview T able o f C on ten ts I. C hem ical N am es II. S itu a tio n A n a ly sis A . H om e F urnishings, H om e F ash ion s, A u tom otive 1. Business Definition 2. Products and Markets 3. Application Methods 4. Customer Location Maps B. Nonwovens A. Business Definition B. Products, Markets, and Application C. Customer Location Map III. E xp osu re A ssessm en t A . H om e F urnishings, H om e F ash ion s, A u tom otive 1. Distribution Chain 2. Points o f Contact 3. Exposure Routes 4. Waste Stream/Recycle Characterizatitin 5. Product Volumes & U se Patterns B. Nonwovens 1. Distribution Chain 2. Points o f Contact 3. Exposure Routes 4. Product Volumes & Use Patterns 52 0 0 0 0 5 4 Chemical Names The following is a list of Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) names and numbers for individual products. The following information is presented: Generic Code: Indicates an internal 3M designation of the product(s). CAS Number: Indicates the Chemical Abstracts Services number(s) o f fluorochemicals contained within each product. Chemical Name (complete CAS name or IUPAC names if CAS name does not exist): Indicates the Chemical Abstracts Services name(s) of fluorochemicals contained within each product. Chemical Class: Indicates a shortened, generic chemical name. 53 0 0 0 0 5 5 % Generic Code CAS Number HT-1 H T-1.H T-2, HT-3, HT-7 HT-2, HT-3 HT-2, HT-3 HT-3, HT-4, HT-7, HT-8 Chemical Names Chemical Name (com plete CAS nam e o r IUPAG nam e if CAS nam e does n o t exist) Home Textiles Chemical Class Ol -P* 000056 Generic Code HT-3, HT-7, HT-8, HT-9 HT-5 HT-6 HT-8 HT-9 HT-9 HT-9 HT-10 CAS Number Chemical Names Chemical Name (com plete CAS nam e o r IU PAC nam e If CAS nam e does n o t e x is t) Chemical Class en en 90000 Generic Code CAS Number NW-1 NW -2 NW -2 NW -3 NW -4 Chemical Names Chemical Nam e (com p lete C AS nam e o r IU P A C nam e If C A S nam e d o es n o t e xist) Nonwovens Chemical Class cn cr> 000058 II. Situation Analysis A. Home Furnishings, Home Fashions, Autom otive Business Definition Hom e Furnishings - This segment is comprised of OEM customers (textiles mills and commission finishers) sharing a common need for protective treatments which impart soil and stain resistance and/or cleanability properties to upholstery fabric and other textile substrates used primarily in residential furniture. 3M protective chemicals are sold direct to the customer. H om e Fashions - This segment is comprised of OEM customers (primarily textile mills) sharing a common need for protective treatments which impart soil and stain resistance or stain release to fabrics used in home dcor items such as window treatments, fabric wallcoverings, decorative pillows, slipcovers, bedspreads and comforters, mattress pads, shower curtains, and table linens. Some of these items can be laundered; others require professional cleaning. Specification by US manufacturing companies drives OUS sales in this category. Autom otive - This market is comprised of OEM customers (textile and carpet mills) who provide protective treatments on upholstery fabrics, carpet and other textiles (headliners) used in automobile, truck, and van interiors. * 57 000059 U.S. Product Portfolio - Total FC Volumes This chart outlines the products used in the Home Furnishings, Home Fashions, and Automotive markets in the U.S. The following information is provided for each product: The total fluorochemical pounds of each sold in the U.S. in 1997, and the chemical components that make up the product. 4% 58 0 0 0 0 6 0 ILS. Product Portfolio - Total FC V olum es Home Furnishings, Home Fashions, A utom otive 1997 Product HT-3 HT-7 Pounds (000) C hem istry HT-4 HT-1 HT-2 HT-5 HT-6 HT-8 Total Chemical 59 0 0 0 0 6 1 U.S. Product Portfolio by Market This chart groups the products used in the business by market segment, Home Furnishings, Home Fashions, and Automotive, and provides fluorochemical volumes sold both by product and market segment. 60 0 0 0 0 6 2 U.S. Product Portfolio by Market Product 1997 FC Lbs. (M) Home Furnishings HT-3 HT-2 HT-8 HT-5 HT-1 Total Home Furnishings Home Fashions HT-4 HT-2 HT-5 HT-3 Total Home Fashions Automotive HT-3 HT-7 HT-1 HT-6 Total Automotive 61 0 0 0 0 6 3 Application Methods Home Furnishings, Home Fashions, and Automotive The following chart presents the methods of applying fluorochemical in these market segments. The percentages represent the mix of these methods based on fluorochemical volumes used. 4 62 0 0 0 0 6 4 Home Furnishings, Home Fashions, Automotive Application Methods Key Customers 1997/1998 000065 Customer Location Map The following U.S. map identifies the location of all chemical purchasing customers in the Home Furnishings, Home Fashions, and Automotive market segments. In each case, the chemical is applied in the city indicated. 64 0 0 0 0 6 6 o o o o > C Distribution Chain This diagram represents the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview of the significant points where the 3M product may be handled and used. This distribution chain represents the typical use o f the product line; not every product will go through each step. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace. 000068 66 D istribution Chain H om e Furnishings, Home Fashions and A utom otive 67 0 0 0 0 6 9 Points of Contact The Points of Contact diagram details the path the product takes within the distribution chain starting with the arrival of 3M product at the 3M customer. This information was compiled from 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace based on 3M technical service/sales visits and general information from the customer interactions. 000070 68 Points of Contact at Textile Mill Home Furnishings, Home Fashions and Automotive 69 0 0 0 0 7 1 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information From the Points of Contact flow chart, each step in the customer use process is isolated. All information is based on the use and handling of 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point of Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes o f exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Estimated Number of Workers: Indicates the number of workers who may have potential for exposure during used. Estimated Exposure Time: Indicates the amount of time that workers potentially may be exposed during use. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) o f the product at time of exposure. Open or Closed System: Open system: is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Closed system: is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 70 0 0 0 0 7 2 Exposure Information Home Furnishings, Home Fashions and Automotive Point of Contact Loading Dock (Spills) Most Likely Route of Exposure Estimated Number of W orkers Ingestion D erm al Inhalation (per plant) Estimated Exposure Time < 1 hr/day fo r < 50days/year = Low 1-4hrs/day fo r 5010 0days/yr = M edium >4hrs/day fo r > 100days/yr = High X 1 - 2 Low Inventory 1 - 2 Low Mix/Drug Room weighing, diluting X 1 -3 Medium-High QC Lab X 1 -3 Low Application - Pad, Foam X 2 -3 Medium-High Application X X X 2 -4 Medium-High Spray - Open Application Spray - Closed XX 2 -4 Medium-High Spray Tip Cleaning XXX 1 Low Drying XX 3 -6 High Physical Form Open or Closed System Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open Closed XX XX XX XX XX X XX X X XX X X XX X XX X Comments Low incidence rate. Closed system. No exposure. 00007 Exposure Information Home Furnishings, Home Fashions and. Automotive Point of Contact Mechanical Processing (face finishing, tiggering, shearing) Most Likely Route of Exposure Estimated Number of Workers Ingestion Derm al Inhalation (per plant) Estimated Exposure Time < 1 hr/day fo r <50days/year - Low 1-4hrs/day fo r 5010 0days/yr = M edium >4hrs/day fo r > 100 da ys/yr = H igh XX 1-2 High Physical Form Open or Closed System Liquid Solid A erosol Vapor Open Closed XX X Roll-up X 1 -3 High X X Inspection/Piece Wrap X 1 -3 High X X QC Lab (Fabric) X 2-3 Medium X X Inventory/Loading Dock (Fabric) 1-2 Low X X Fabric Distributor X <6 Low X X Furniture Manufacturer X 25-50 Medium-High X X Cutter X X 25-50 Medium-High XX X Seating Manufacturer X 15-40 Medium-High X X Comments Product dried on fabric. Product dried on fabric. Product dried on fabric. Product dried on fabric. Product dried on fabric. Product dried on fabric. Product dried on fabric. Product dried on fabric. 000074 Exposure Information Home Furnishings, Home Fashions and Automotive Point of Contact Automobile Assembly Most Likely Route of Exposure Estimated Number of Workers Ingestion Derm al Inhalation (per plant) Estimated Exposure Time <1 hr/day fo r <50days/year = Low 1-4hrs/day fo r 50100days/yr = M edium > 4hrs/day fo r > 100 da ys/yr = H igh X 15-40 Medium-High Physical Form Open or Closed System Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open Closed Converter X 15-20 Low X X Cut and Sew All Retailers and Consumers X X 25-50 Medium-High X X X X Comments Product dried on fabric. Product dried on fabric. Product dried on fabric. Product dried on fabric. '- j CO O O Cn III. Exposure Assessment - Home Furnishings, Home Fashions, Automotive 6. Waste Stream/Recycle Information An approximation of the actual disposition of the chemical after it arrives at a customer site is given below. No exact values are known. Chemical State As shipped As shipped Dilute mix Dilute mix Dilute mix Dried on fabric Dried on fabric Dried on fabric Dried on fabric Attributable Cause for Loss Residual in shipping drums Spills Unused pad/foam mix Non-recovered spray Coating on equipment Overspray Vented material Start up and shut down excess Shearing and face finishing Unrecoverable, off-quality fabric Seam cut-outs Quality/SQC samples High Reasonable Estimate 74 0 0 0 0 7 6 000077 Product Volumes and Use Patterns This summary is based on individual products. It is a description of the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which exposure was assessed. The route of exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use of fluorochemical containing product in another product. Application: use of fluorochemical containing product to treat a substrate End Use: use of treated substrate Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold in 1997. (M=1000) Chemistry: Generic description of fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning of this section. Amount of Fluorochemical Present: The fluorochemical concentration in process or end use. % Residuals: Sum total of concentration of the mixture of fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. 76 0 0 0 0 7 8 P ro d u c t Code A pplication Process or End Use Volum e S old 1997 (lb s p ro d u c t) Chemistry Esmated % Resid uals Food Product Volumes and Use Patterns Global Product Portfolio Home Furnishings. Home Fashions and Automotive Use Pattern Indust Comm rial ercial Con sumer Most Likely Route of Exposure Inhal Inges Derm al ation tion Environmental Fate Waste Water Incin Treat La nd fill eration ment Comments HT-3 A pplication X -vl HT-3 End Use 000079 HT-7 A pplication tff-7 End Use XX P roduct Code A pplication Process or End Use V olum e Sold 1997 (lb s pro du ct) Chemistry Esti mated % Resid uals Food Product Volumes and Use Patterns Global Product Portfolio . Home Furnishings. Home Fashions and Automotive Use Pattern Indust Comm rial ercial Most Likely Route of Con sumer Exposure Inhal D erm al ation Inges tion Environmental Fate Waste Water Incin Treat L a n d fill eration ment HT-4 A pplication XX X Comments Foam or pad appplied. HT-4 End Use '- j CO HT-1 A pplication XXX XX XX X 000080 HT-1 End Use XX X P roduct Code A pplication Process or End Use Volum e Sold 1997 (lb s p ro d u c t) Chemistry Esti mated % Resid uals Food Product Volumes and Use Patterns Global Product Portfolio . Home Furnishings. Home Fashions and Automotive Use Pattern Indust Comm rial ercial Most Likely Route of Con sumer Exposure Inhal Inges Derm al ation tion Environmental Fate w a ste Water Incin Treat La nd fill eration ment Comments HT-2 A pplication XX X HT-2 End Use HT-5 A pplication HT-5 End Use XX XX X XXX X Spray applied XX XX 000081 P ro d u c t Code A pplication Process or End Use Volum e Sold 1997 (lb s p ro d u c t) Chemistry Esti mated % Resid uals Food Product Volumes and Use Patterns Global Product Portfolio . Home Furnishings. Home Fashions and Automotive Use Pattern Indust Comm rial ercial Most Likely Route of Con sumer Exposure Inhal D erm al ation Inges tion Environmental Fate w a ste Water Incin Treat L a n d fill eration ment HT-6 A pplication XX X HT-6 End Use XXX XX Comments 00 o o o o 00 P ro d u c t Code A pp lication Process or End Use V olum e Sold 1997 (lb s p ro d u c t) Chemistry Esti mated % Resid uals Food Product Volumes and Use Patterns Global Product Portfolio . Home Furnishings. H1 iov nmive FawswhmiowniMsj aanimd Automotive Use Pattern Indust Comm rial ercial Con sumer Most Likely Route of Exposure Inhal D erm al ation Inges tion Environmental Fate Waste W ater Incin Treat L a n d fill eration ment Comments HT-8 XX X Foam applied. HT-8 HT-10 HT-10 XX XX X XXX X XX XX oo o o o o QC w II. Situation Analysis B. Nonwovens Business Definition Nonwovens - This market is comprised of OEM customers (nonwoven plants, finishers) sharing a common need for oil and water resistance. Additionally, master batch producers process our polymer melt product into a form that is more readily handled by extrusion processes at selected nonwoven mills. The fabrics produced are used as medical fabrics (surgical gowns, drapes and wraps) as well as industrial materials, primarily filter media. 3M protective chemicals are sold direct to the customer. 82 0 0 0 0 8 4 Key Products - Nonwovens This chart outlines the products used in the Nonwovens market in the U.S. Included in the chart of the total fluorochemical volumes sold to each of nine key customers, the application method these customers used to apply the chemical, and intended end use of the treated goods. % 000085 83 K ey Products N onw oven s* Product Total '97 Estimate '98 Application (000 FC lbs.) (000 FC lbs.) End Use NW-1 NW-3 NW-2 NW-3 NW-4 NW-4 NW-3 NW-4 NW-4 Pad Pad Pad Pad Extrusion Extrusion Pad Extrusion Extrusion Medical Fabric Filter Media Disposable Workwear Filter Media Compound Medical Fabrics Medical Fabrics Concentrate Outdoor Furniture 84 0 0 0 0 8 6 * Customer Location Map The following U.S. map identifies the location of all chemical purchasing customers in the Nonwovens market segment. In each case, the chemical is applied in the city indicated. 000087 85 4 86 000088 Distribution Chain This diagram represents the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview of the significant points where the 3M product may be handled and used. This distribution chain represents the typical use of the product line; not every product will go through each step. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge o f the marketplace. 87 0 0 0 0 8 9 0*- Nonwovens Distribution Chain 88 000090 Points of Contact The Points of Contact diagram details the path the product takes within the distribution chain starting with the arrival of 3M product at the 3M customer. This information was compiled from 3M internal knowledge o f the marketplace based on 3M technical service/sales visits and general information from the customer interactions. 000091 89 i Points of Contact - M ill Topical Nonwovens QC Lab i-- 000092 90 Points of Contact - Masterbatch Producer Nonwovens PMA 91 0 0 0 0 9 3 Points of Contact - Extruder Nonwovens PMA Air/Vacuum Fed 92 0 0 0 0 9 4 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information From the Points of Contact flow chart, each step in the customer use process is isolated. All information is based on the use and handling of 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point of Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route o f exposure with an "X". Estimated Number of Workers: Indicates the number o f workers who may have potential for exposure during used. Estimated Exposure Time: Indicates the amount of time that workers potentially may be exposed during use. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) of the product at time of exposure. Open or Closed System: Open system: is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Closed system: is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 000095 Exposure Information Nonwovens Point of Contact Most Likely Route of Exposure Estimated Number of W orkers Ingestion D erm al Inhalation (per plant) Estimated Exposure Time <1 h r/da y fo r < 50days/year = Low 1-4hrs/day fo r 5010 0days/yr = M edium >4hrs/day fo r > 1 00 da ys/yr = High Physical Form Open or Closed System Liquid Solid A erosol Vapor Open Closed Comments Loading Dock (Spills) X Mill - Pad Appllcat on 1-2 Low X Inventory 1-2 Low X QC Lab X 1-3 Low X Pad Application X 2-3 Medium-High X Drying X 3-6 High X Mechanical Processing (Micrex, X X 1-2 Medium XX softening) Roll-up X 1-3 High X Lamination Inspection/Piece Wrap Inventory/Loading Dock (Fabric) XX 2-3 2-3 1-2 Medium Low Low X X X X Low incidence rate. X Closed system. No exposure. X X X X Product dried on X fabric. Product dried on X fabric. X Product dried on fabric. Product dried on X fabric. 960000 Exposure Information Nonwovens Point of Contact Most Likely Route of Exposure Estimated Number of Workers Ingestion Derm al Inhalation (per plant) Estimated Exposure Time < 1hr/day fo r <50days/year = Low 1-4hrs/day fo r 50100days/yr = M edium >4hrs/day fo r > 100 da ys/yr = H igh Physical Form Open or Closed System Liquid Solid A erosol Vapor Open Closed Loading Dock (Spills) Inventory Line Feed/Drum to Hopper Extruder/Strands W ater Cool Chop Drum Ship to Nonwovens Producer Masterbatch Producer X 1-2 Low X 2-3 Low X XX 2-3 Medium X X X XX 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 Medium Medium Medium Medium X X X X XX X X X XX X X X X Comments Product is flake. Product is flake. Product is flake, potential for dust. 000097 Exposure Information Nonwovens Point of Contact Most Likely Route of Exposure Estimated Number of Workers In gestio n D erm al Inhalation (per plant) Estimated Exposure Time < 1hr/day fo r <50days/year = Low 1-4hrs/day fo r 50100d ays/yr = M edium > 4hrs/day fo r > 1 00 da ys/yr = High Physical Form Open or Closed System Liquid Solid A erosol Vapor Open Closed Loading Dock (Spills) Inventory Container to Hopper Hopper to Extruder Fiber Draw Collection Thermal Bond Roll-up (Fabric) Lamination QC Lab (Fabric) X X X X XX X 2-3 1-2 1-2 1-2 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 2-3 Extruder Low Low Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Low X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX XX X X X Comments 000098 Exposure Information Nonwovens Point of Contact Most Likely Route of Exposure Estimated Number of Workers Ingestion Derm al Inhalation (per plant) Estimated Exposure Time < 1hr/day fo r <50days/year = Low 1-4hrs/day fo r 5010 0days/yr = M edium >4hrs/day fo r > 100 da ys/yr = High Physical Form Open or Closed System Liquid Solid A erosol Vapor Open Closed Comments Inventory/Loading Dock (Fabric) Assembly (Filters) Cut and Sew (Medical) Packaging Sterilization All End Users XX 2-3 Low X Downstream Processing of Roll Goods 3-5 Low X X X 15-20 High X X 3-5 High X XX X X X X X Product dried on nonwoven. Product dried on or incorporated into nonwoven. Product dried on or incorporated into nonwoven. Product dried on or incorporated into nonwoven. o o o cc Product Volumes and Use Patterns This summary is based on individual products. It is a description of the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which exposure was assessed. The route of exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use of fluorochemical containing product in another product. Application: use of fluorochemical containing product to treat a substrate End Use: use of treated substrate Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold in 1997. (M=1000) Chemistry: Generic description o f fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning of this section. Amount o f Fluorochemical Present: The fluorochemical concentration in process or end use. % Residuals: Sum total of concentration of the mixture of fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. 000100 98 Product Volumes and Use Patterns Global Product Portfolio Nonwovens P roduct Code A pp lication P rocess or End Use Volum e Sold 1997 (lb s p ro d u c t) Chem istry E s ti m ated % R esid u a ls Food Use Pattern Indust rial Com m ercial Con sum er Most Likely Route of Exposure Environmental Fate w aste W ater Inhal D erm al atio n Inges Incin tion L a n d fill eration T rea t m ent NW-1 A pplication XX X NW-1 End Use XXX XX NW-3 A pplication XX X NW-3 End Use XX XX Comments Pad applied KO to 000101 Product Volumes and Use Patterns Global Product Portfolio Nonwovens P ro d u c t Code A pplication P rocess o r End Use Volum e Sold 1997 (lb s p ro d u c t) Chemistry Esti mated % Resid uals Food Use Pattern Indust Com rial mercial Con sumer Most Likely Route of Exposure Inhal Inges Dermal ation tion Environmental Fate w a ste Water Incin Treat Landfill eration ment NW-2 A pplication XX X Comments Pad applied NW-2 End Use XXX XX NW-4 A pplication NW-4 End Use X XX XXX XXX XX 000102 'S. I Protective Chemical Products Apparel and Leather Business Fluorochemical Use, Distribution and Release Overview 000103 101 Foreword Confidential Business Information This report is a comprehensive look at exposure to 3M's fluorochemicals in the Apparel and Leather business. It attempts to answer the following questions. What products are customers exposed to? Where does exposure happen? What type of exposure is it? The 3M fluorochemical business is complex and global. Markets served are highly fragmented involving multiple 3M products that are applied to multiple substrates, sold into multiple market segments and used for multiple end products. This report includes global information based largely on the knowledge o f worldwide activities by St. Paul-based personnel. Sources of Information For This Report Information for this report was developed solely from internal 3M sources. These include: Knowledge of product handling and use practices from field sales and technical personnel Best estimates of end-use applications from known customer activities. Internal sales reports showing regional sales breakdowns for apparel and leather products. How To Read This Report The following types of information are available in this report: Situation Analysis: Provides background on business and products. Helpful to understand Apparel and Leather customer base, global scope and diversity of markets. Distribution Chain and Points of Contact: Follows the path of a 3M fluorochemical throughout the distribution chain to final end user. Objective is to identify all points of contact with our chemicals - from arrival on customer's loading dock Exposure Information Charts: Attempts to quantify type and length of exposure and number of workers exposed to our chemicals within the distribution chain. Product Volumes and Use Patterns: Combines 3M product detail with the exposure routes to provide a summary o f total business exposure by product type. 000104 102 Apparel and Leather Fluorochemical Use, Distribution And Release Overview Table of Contents I. Chemical Names II. Situation Analysis A . Business Definition B. Global Polymers C. Key Markets and End Uses D. Application Methods E. Customer Location Maps III. Exposure Information - Apparel A. Distribution Chain B. Points o f Contact C. 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information D. Waste Stream/Recycle Characterization E. Product Volumes and Use Patterns IV. Exposure Information - Leather A . Distribution Chain B. Points o f Contact C. 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information D. Waste Stream/Recycle Characterization E. Product Volumes and Use Patterns 000105 103 Chemical Names The following is a list of Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) names and numbers for individual products. The following information is presented: Generic Code: Indicates an internal 3M designation of the product(s). CAS Number: Indicates the Chemical Abstracts Services numbers) of fluorochemicals contained within each product. Chemical Name (complete CAS name or IUPAC names if CAS name does not exist): Indicates the Chemical Abstracts Services name(s) of fluorochemicals contained within each product. Chemical Class: Indicates a shortened, generic chemical name. 000106 Generic Code CAS Number AP-1, AP-5 AP-1, AP-5 AP-1, AP-5 AP-2 AP-3 AP-3 AP-3 AP-4, AP-5 Chemical Names Chemical Name (com plete CAS nam e o r IU PAC nam e if CAS nam e does not e xist) Apparel Chemical Class o en 000107 Generic Code AP-6 AP-7 AP-8 AP-9 CAS Number FO-1 FO-2, FO-3, FO-4 FO-5, LE-3 FO-6 FO-7 FO-7 Chemical Names Chemical Name (com plete CAS nam e o r IU PAC nam e If CAS nam e does n o t e xist) Leather Chemical Class o 000108 Generic Code FO -7 FO -7 F O -7 F O -8 L E -1 LE -2 LE -4 CAS Number Chemical Names Chemical Name (complete C AS name or IU PAC name if C AS name does not exist) Chemical Class o*y> 000109 Apparel and Leather Fluorochemical Use, Distribution, and Release Overview II. Situation Analysis A. Business Definition Sale of fluorochemicals for application on fabrics and leather used to manufacture garments, footwear, accessories and other non-garment functional fabrics. Direct Customers: Textile Mills/Commission Finishers that use fluorochemicals to provide oil and water repellency to enhance the functional performance o f the fabric produced. Leather Tanneries/Finishers that use fluorochemicals to enhance functional performance as above and/or serve as a processing aid in the conversion of raw leather. Chemical Formulators that use fluorochemicals as ingredients for the textile and leather care, dry clean and fatliquor industries. Chemical Distributors that resell products to end users and may do quality testing repackaging and/or lab tech service work. Global Business Size: 108 0 0 0 1 1 0 Global Polymers This chart outlines the nine polymers used in the Apparel and Leather Markets product portfolio which features 19 different products. The polymers are divided into major product categories: Repellent, Stain Release, Leather and Formulators. The following information is provided for each polymer: the chemical components that make up the polymer, and the total fluorochemical pounds sold in 1997 for each. Volume information is provided relative to the other polymers in the product category, and relative to the total pounds sold in the Apparel and Leather Markets. The geographic breakout, US vs. outside the US is also provided.* * 000111 109 000112 C hem istry Sub-T otal: Sub-T otal: Sub-T otal: T o ta l Global Polymers (000) Polymers A P-l A P -4 A P -9 A P -7 A P -6 A P -5 A P -8 A P -2 LE-4 LE-2 LE-1 LE-3 F O -8 FO -4, FO-7 F O -6 F O -7 F O -5 FO -1 F O -2 F O -3 000113 C. Major M arkets and End Uses This chart provides detail about the major markets that each of the four Apparel and Leather product lines goes to. This includes typical end uses and the major substrate types where 3M fluorochemicals are used. Information about relative size of the 3M product lines is also shown. This information was developed using the market knowledge of 3M employees involved with these products. 112 0 0 0 1 1 4 Apparel and Leather Fluorochemical Use, Distribution, and Release Overview Major Markets and End Uses Product Line Estimated Volume Market lbs % of Total outerwear activewear idress clothing uniforms technical textiles other uniforms workwear casual clothing dress clothing footwear garment accessories upholstery textile & leather care dry cleaners fatliquor supplies End Use Typical Substrate raincoats skiwear, golfwear suits, slacks jackets, slacks awnings, boat covers, protective clothing tents, backpacks, etc. shirts, pants, jackets shirts, pants shirts, pants shirts shoes, boots leather jackets, gloves, handbags, etc. chairs, sofas, etc. aerosols, shoe creams, polishes rainwear/outerwear waterproof leather poly / cotton polyester, nylon wool, poly/wool wool, poly/wool acrylics, poly/cottons, other nylon, polyester, other cotton, poly/cotton cotton, poly/cotton cotton, poly/cotton cotton, poly/cotton pigskin, bovine pigskin, bovine, sheep, goat bovine, deer sheep 000115 D. Application Methods - Apparel Fabrics The following chart presents the methods of applying fluorochemical in this market segment. The percentages represent the mix of these methods based on fluorochemical volumes used. 000116 114 # 115 -- -- ---- -- Apparel M ill FC Application Methods oy-' pxitz. Apparel and Leather Team Estimates D. Application Methods - Leather Tanneries The following chart presents the methods of applying fluorochemical in this market segment. The percentages represent the mix of these methods based on fluorochemical volumes used. f 000118 000119 118 000120 119 0 0 0 1 2 1 120 000122 III. Exposure Information - Apparel 000123 121 A. Distribution Chain This diagram represents the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview of the significant points where the 3M product may be handled and used. This distribution chain represents the typical use of the product line; not every product will go through each step. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace. 122 0 0 0 1 2 4 Distribution Chain 000125 B. Points of Contact The Points of Contact diagram details the path the product takes within the distribution chain starting with the arrival of 3M product at the 3M customer. This information was compiled from 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace based on 3M technical service/sales visits and general information from the customer interactions. 124 0 0 0 1 2 6 Points of Contact at Textile Mill Apparel 125 0 0 0 1 2 7 Points of Contact at Manufacture Apparel 000128 ' 126 Points of Contact at Dry Cleaner Apparel 127 0 0 0 1 2 9 000130 C. 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Inform ation From the Points of Contact flow chart, each step in the customer use process is isolated. All information is based on the use and handling of 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point of Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes o f exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Estimated Number of Workers: Indicates the number of workers who may have potential for exposure during used. Estimated Exposure Time: Indicates the amount of time that workers potentially may be exposed during use. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) o f the product at time of exposure. Open or Closed System: Open system: is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Closed system: is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 000131 129 Exposure Information Apparel Point of Contact Loading Dock (Spills) QC Lab Formulation & Development Work Inventory (Chemical) Mix/Drug Room Most Likely Route of Exposure Estimated Estimated Number of Exposure Time Workers < 1 hr/day fo r < 50days/year = Low Physical Form Open or Closed System 1-4hrs/day fo r 50- Ingestion D erm al Inhalation (per plant) 100days/yr = M edium Liquid > 4hrs/day fo r > 100days/yr = H igh Solid A erosol Vapor Open Closed Textile Mill Comments X 1 Low X X Low incidence Rate. X 1-2 Low X X 1 LOW X X 1-3 High X X Closed system X no/very little potential exposure. X CO Application - Pad, o Foam, Coating XX 1-3 High X X Exhaustion on Yarn Knitting 1 per X X machine 2 at oven X 1-2 High High XX I X X X Product dried on yarn. Finishing Drying/Roll-up X XX 1-2 1-3 High High X X Product dried on yarn. X XX 000132 3 000133 Exposure Information Apparel Point of Contact Most Likely Route of Exposure In g e stio n D erm al In h ala tio n Estimated Estimated Number of Exposure Time Workers <1 hr/day fo r < 50days/year = Low 1-4hrs/day fo r 50- (per plant) 100days/yr = M edium > 4hrs/day fo r > 100days/yr = H igh Liquid Physical Form Solid Aerosol Open or Closed System Vapor Open Closed Mechanical Finishing (napping, calandering etc.) 2 per machine XX How many machines? High XX X Roll Sizing QC Lab (Fabric) Inventory (Fabric) Loading Dock (Fabric) CO Create Garment Post Curing Pressing/ Steaming I Packaging and Shipping * 1 per X High machine X 1-2 Low 1 Low X X X X X X 1 Low X X Garment Manufacl ure - Pretreated X >25 High 1-3 Low XX X X XX XX >25 Low X XX X 3-5 Low X X Comments Exposure Information Apparel Point of Contact Most Likely Route of Exposure Ingestion D erm al Inhalation Estimated Estimated Number of Exposure Time Workers < 1 hr/day fo r <50days/year = Low 1-4hrs/day fo r 50- (per plant) 100days/yr = M edium > 4hrs/day fo r > 100 da ys/yr = H igh Liquid Physical Form Solid A erosol Open or Closed System Vapor Open Closed Dry Cleaners Comments Mix Spray Application Closed Pressing/ Steaming of Dry Clothing X XX 1 -2 1 -2 1 -2 Medium Medium X X X X No/very little potential X exposure - closed system. Medium X XX Consumer Consumer X Product dried on XX fabric rCoO V> D. Waste Stream/Recycle Information - Apparel An approximation of the actual disposition of the chemical after it arrives at a customer site is given below. No exact values are known. Waste chemical in liquid form as received that ends up in the sewer: Apparel e.g. Product adhering to inside of drum Spills Unused application mix Miscellaneous Percent of chemical poundage sold that ends up on waste yardage of fabric/leather: e.g. Second quality fabric/leather Color samples Lab samples Cutting scraps that are recycled or landfilled Total percent of chemical poundage sold that ends up as waste or on waste goods: c 000135 E. Product Volumes and Use Patterns This summary is based on individual products. It is a description of the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which exposure was assessed. The route of exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use o f fluorochemical containing product in another product. Application: use o f fluorochemical containing product to treat a substrate End Use: use o f treated substrate Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds o f fluorochemical solids sold in 1997. (M=1000) Chemistry: Generic description of fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning of this section. Amount of Fluorochemical Present: The fluorochemical concentration in process or end use. % Residuals: Sum total of concentration of the mixture of fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route o f Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. 134 000136 P roduct Code A pplication Process or End Use Volum e Sold 1997 (lb s flu o ro che m ical) Chem istry Esti m ated % R esid u a ls Product Volumes and Use Patterns Global Product Portfolio . Apparel_______ Use Pattern Most Likely Route of Exposure Environmental Fate Comments AP-8 A pplication Pad applied 000137 AP-8 End Use oo on AP-1 A pplication AP-1 End Use X X Pad applied Product Volumes and Use Patterns Global Product Portfolio 000138 P ro d u c t Code Volum e A pplication Sold 1997 Process o r (lb s fluo ro- End Use chem ical) Chem istry Esti m a te d / R esid u a ls AP-3 A pplication Product Volumes and Use Patterns Global Product Portfolio . Apparel_______ Use Pattern Most Likely Route of Exposure Environmental Fate Comments Pad applied 000139 AP-3 End Use co v i AP-4 A pplication AP-4 End Use AP-5 A pplication AP-5 End Use X XXX X XX P ro d u c t Code A pplication Process or End Use Volum e Sold 1997 (lb s flu o ro chem ical) Chemistry Estl m ated % R esld u a ls AP-6 A pplication Product Volumes and Use Patterns Global Product Portfolio Apparel Use Pattern Most Likely Route of Exposure Environmental Fate X Comments Pad applied APr6 End Use 00 00 AP-7 A pplication X X U W 140 AP-7 End Use IV. Exposure Information - Leather 000141 139 A. Distribution Chain This diagram represents the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview of the significant points where the 3M product may be handled and used. This distribution chain represents the typical use of the product line; not every product will go through each step. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace. 000142 140 Distribution Chain p ---------------- 3M I 000143 B. Points of Contact The Points of Contact diagram details the path the product takes within the distribution chain starting with the arrival of 3M product at the 3M customer. This information was compiled from 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace based on 3M technical service/sales visits and general information from the customer interactions.* * .3 000144 142 Points of Contact at Tannery Leather 143 0 0 0 1 4 5 Points of Contact at Manufacture Leather 000146 144 C. 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information From the Points o f Contact flow chart, each step in the customer use process is isolated. All information is based on the use and handling of 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point of Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Estimated Number of Workers: Indicates the number of workers who may have potential for exposure during used. Estimated Exposure Time: Indicates the amount o f time that workers potentially may be exposed during use. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) o f the product at time of exposure. Open or Closed System: Open system: is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Closed system: is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 000147 145 Exposure Information Leather Point of Contact Loading Dock (Spills) QC Lab Formulation & Development Work Inventory (Chemical) Mix Retanning Application by Drum Setting Out Drying Most Likely Route of Exposure Ingestion D erm al Inhalation Estimated Estimated Number of Exposure Time Workers <1hr/day fo r < 50days/year = Low 1-4hrs/day fo r 50- (per plant) 100days/yr = M edium > 4hrs/day fo r > 100 da ys/yr = H igh Liquid Physical Form Solid A erosol Open or Closed System Vapor Open Closed Leather Tannery Comments X 1-2 Low X X Low incidence Rate. X 1-2 Low X X XX X XX 1-2 Low X 1-2 Medium-High X 1-2 Medium-High X X 1-2 Medium-High X 1-2 Medium-High X X Closed system X no/very little potential exposure. X XX X XX Stretch/Condition X 1-2 Medium-High X X 000148 Exposure Information Leather Point of Contact Most Likely Route of Exposure Ingestion D erm al Inhalation Estimated Estimated Number of Exposure Time W orkers <1hr/day fo r < 50days/year = Low 1-4hrs/day fo r 50- (per plant) 100days/yr = M edium >4hrs/day fo r > 100 days/yr = H igh Liquid PhysicalForm Solid Aerosol Open or Closed System Vapor Open Closed Buffmg/Sanding FC Application by XX 1-2 Medium-High XX X Roller Coat, Spray or X 1-2 Medium-High X XX Chemical Milling Plating/ Embossing Sorting/ Measuring/ Wrapping/ Shipping XX 1-2 Medium-High X XX X 1-2 Medium-High X X Garment, Accessory, Shoe or Upholstery Manufacture Cut and Sew XX Medium-High XX X Packaging/ Wrapping and X Medium-High X X Shipping All Retailers and Consumers X XX Comments Semi-closed spray application Product dried on leather e^Tooo D. Waste Stream/Recycle Information - Leather An approximation of the actual disposition of the chemical after it arrives at a customer site is given below. No exact values are known. Waste chemical in liquid form as received that ends up in the sewer: e.g. Product adhering to inside of drum Spills Unused application mix Miscellaneous Percent of chemical poundage sold that ends up on waste yardage of fabric/leather: e.g. Second quality fabric/leather Color samples Lab samples Cutting scraps that are recycled or landfilled Total percent of chemical poundage sold that ends up as waste or on waste goods: Leather 000150 148 # E. Product Volumes and Use Patterns This summary is based on individual products. It is a description of the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which exposure was assessed. The route of exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use of fluorochemical containing product in another product. Application: use of fluorochemical containing product to treat a substrate End Use: use of treated substrate Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold in 1997. (M=1000) Chemistry: Generic description of fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning of this section. Amount of Fluorochemical Present: The fluorochemical concentration in process or end use. % Residuals: Sum total of concentration of the mixture of fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes o f exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. 000151 149 Product Volumes and Use Patterns Global Product Portfolio . Leather P ro d u c t Code A pplication P rocess or End Use Volum e Sold 1997 (lb s fluo rochem lcal) Chemistry Esti mated % Resid uals LE-4 A pplication LE-4 End Use LE-2 A pplication LE-2 End Use LE-1 A pplication LE-1 End Use LE-3 A pplication LE-3 End Use Food Use Pattern Indust Com rial mercial Con sumer Most Likely Route of Exposure Inha D erm al lation Inges tion Environmental Fate waste Water Incin Treat L a n d fill eration ment Comments P rim ary a p p lilca tlo n is b y drum , m aterial m ay X X X X X be ro ll or spray applied In a closed system . XXX XX X X X X X P rim ary a p p lilca tion is by spray. XXX XX XX XXX XX XX XXX XX 000152 Product Volumes and Use Patterns Global Product Portfolio Leather P roduct Code Volum e A pplication S old 1997 P rocess o r (lbs flu o ro - End Use chem ical) Chem istry Esti m ated % R esid u a ls FO-4 Process FO-4 End Use Food Use Pattern Indust rial X Com m ercial Con sum er X Most Likely Route of Exposure Inha D erm al lation Inges tion Environmental Fate w aste W ater Incin T re a t L a n d fill e ra tio n m e n t XX XXXXX Comments cn 9 O o cn w Product Volumes and Use Patterns Global Product Portfolio Leather P ro d u c t Code Volum e A pp lication Sold 1997 P rocess o r (lb s fluo ro- End Use chem ical) Chem istry E s ti m ated % R esid u a ls F O -5 F O -5 FO-8 FO-8 FO-6 F O -6 Process End Use Process End Use Process End Use Food Use Pattern Indust rial X Com m ercial X X Con sum er X X X Most Likely Route of Exposure D erm al In h a lation In g e s tion Environmental Fate w aste W ater Incin T reat L a n d fill eration m ent XX XXXXX XX XXXXX XX XXXXX Comments eron O O o Hcn* 3M Aftermarket Application and Retail Consumer Business FLUOROCHEMICAL USE, DISTRIBUTION AND RELEASE OVERVIEW RETAIL MARKETS PRODUCTS COMMERCIAL MARKETS PRODUCTS 000155 Aftermarket Application and Retail Consum er Business Foreword This report is a comprehensive look at exposure to 3M's fluorochemicals in the Aftermarket Application and Retail Consumer businesses. It attempts to answer the following questions: What products are customers exposed to? Where does exposure happen? What type of exposure is it? Use o f 3M fluorochemicals in the Aftermarket Application and Retail Consumer markets is complex and global. Markets served are highly fragmented and involve a number of 3M fluorochemical products that are used as ingredients in end-use 3M formulations. The 3M formulations are used by 3M customers to treat various substrates such as carpets, floors, upholstery, apparel. Sources Information for this report was developed solely from internal 3M sources. These include: Knowledge of product handling and use practices from field sales and technical personnel Best estimates of end-use applications from known customer activities. Internal sales reports Knowledge of worldwide activities (where applicable) by St Paul-based personnel How To Read This Report Situation Analysis: Provides background on business and products. Distribution Chain and Points o f Contact: Follows the path of a 3M fluorochemical in a 3M end-use product from the manufacturing process, where applicable, through the distribution chain to final end user and its end use mode. Objective is to identify all significant points of contact with 3M fluorochemicals - from arrival on customer's loading dock through product usage and disposal. Exposure Information: Attempts to quantify type and length of exposure and number o f workers exposed to 3M fluorochemicals within the distribution chain. Product Volumes and Use Patterns: *' Combines 3M product detail with the exposure routes to provide a summary of total business exposure by product type. 000156 Afterm arket Application and Retail Consumer Business Retail M arket Products TABLE OF CONTENTS Fluorochemical Identities Chart Situation Analysis Distribution Chain & Points of Contact FC Exposure Information Summary FC Exposure Information Charts Product Volumes & Use Patterns Summary Product Volumes & Use Patterns Chart & 000157 155 FLUOROCHEMICAL IDENTITIES CHART RETAIL MARKETS PRODUCTS G E N E R IC CODE H C -1.H C -2, HC-3, AA-1, AA-2 CAS NUMBER HC-4 HC-5, M - 3 CAS NAME FC CHEM ISTRY NAME 156 0 0 0 1 5 8 A fterm arket Application and Retail Consum er Business RETAIL MARKET PRODUCTS Situation Analysis BUSINESS DEFINITION Home treatment of upholstery, carpet, auto interiors and apparel by individual retail consumers. KEY PRODUCTS Aerosol can spray cleaners and protectors for home use - cleaners for fabric, upholstery, carpet; protectors for fabric, upholstery, carpet, leather. All products in this category are manufactured by independent, non-3M manufacturing facilities under contract with 3M. KEY MARKETS Grocery, club, hardware, auto parts stores. KEY CUSTOMERS Individual retail consumers. INTENDED USE Occasional home use on carpets, upholstery, apparel, auto interiors, shoes and boots. EXPECTED USE Home use. Fabric protector --two cans per year per product user. Other products - one can or less per year per product user. 000159 157 J Aftermarket Application and Retail Consumer Business Retail Markets Products Distribution Chain and Points of Contact The following information describes the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview of the significant points where the 3M product may be handled and used. The distribution chain for the Retail Markets Products is not complex. Product is shipped from the manufacturer to the retailer with the possibility of one or more warehousing steps in between. During distribution, the product is in sealed aerosol cans. No significant exposure to the 3M product is anticipated during distribution. No charts are provided for the distribution chain. The following charts provide points of likely contact with the 3M fluorochemical and fluorochemical-containing product during manufacture and customer use. This information was compiled from 3M internal knowledge of the manufacturing process and marketplace based on 3M technical service/sales visits and general information from customer interactions. 000160 158 000161 159 RETAIL MARKETS PRODUCTS HC-1, HC-4 APPLICATION 000162 160 101 0 0 0 1 6 3 # rf RETAIL MARKETS PRODUCTS HC-5 APPLICATION 162 0 0 0 1 6 4 RETAIL MARKETS PRODUCTS AA-1, AA-3 APPLICATION 163 0 0 0 1 6 5 RETAIL MARKETS PRODUCTS AA-2 APPLICATION 164 0 0 0 1 6 6 Afterm arket Application and Retail Consumer Business Retail Markets Products 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information Summary Based on the Distribution Chain/Points of Contact flow chart, each principal step in the manufacture and customer use process is isolated. All information is based on the use and handling of 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point of Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Use pattern includes steps in manufacture and end use application by the retail consumer. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure at each point o f contact --ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X" . Estimated Number of Workers: Indicates the number of workers who may have potential for exposure during use. During end use application, "number of workers" represents number o f occupants of residence present during and after product use. Estimated Exposure Time: Indicates the amount of time that workers/end users potentially may be exposed during use. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) of the product at time o f exposure. Open or Closed System: Indicates open/closed status of product at time of handling as follows: Open system is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Examples of open systems are mixing kettles, open drums and bottles. Closed system is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Examples of closed systems are sealed drums and filled aerosol containers. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. Disposal: Indicates most likely method of disposal of the end use product - landfill, recycling or incineration. All end use products represented in these charts are packaged in aerosol cans. Disposal into the waterways or sewer system is not expected. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 165 0 0 0 1 6 7 3MFLUOROCHEMICALEXPOSUREINFORMATION RETAILMARKETSPRODUCTS P oint of C ontact MANUFACTURE R EC 'G D O C K STORAGE STAG IN G W EIGH STATIO N CH AR G ING M IXING QA SAM PLIN G QA TESTIN G FILLIN G PR ESSU RIZIN G BATH TEST CAPPIN G P A C K A G IN G W AREHO USE S H IPPIN G PR O D UC T = HC-1 M ost L ik e ly E xposure R oute(s) Estim ated E stim ate N um ber of Exposure T im e W orkers Ingestion 1 Dermal I Inhalation (per day) H r/day D ays/Y r Liqu id Physical Form Solid Aerosol O pen or Com m ents C losed System Vapor O pen C losed 9 <1 4 X 6 <1 4 X 3 2 4X X X C losed con tainers. X S p ill response only. X XX XX X 6 34 X X Sam e set o f people X fo r these fo u r jo b s X XX X 3 7 4X X X 3 7 4X X 3 7 4X X 3 7 4X X 3 6 -20 6 3 7 7 2 1 4X 4X 4X 4X X X S ealed aerosol cans. X N o exposure to c o n te n ts . X DRUM D ISPO SAL QA D ISPO SAL X 3 <1 3 <1 XX X XX CONSUMER A P P LIC A T IO N : DU R IN G APPLICATIO N - b y user X XX 1 0.02 2 X X X Assum es 2 .5 per - by others in house X X 1.5 0 0X X fam ily IM M ED IATELY AFTER APPLICATIO N --by user - by o th ers in house X X X X 1 ? 2X 1.5 ? 2X X Touching carpet X Touching carpet AFTER DRYING D IS P O S A L LA N D FILL R ECYC LIN G IN C IN ERATIO N 2.5 ? ? X P hysical con tact; du st XX X XX XX 000168 166 3MFLUOROCHEMICALEXPOSUREINFORMATION RETAILMARKETSPRODUCTS P oint o f C o n ta ct MANUFACTURE R E C 'G D O C K STORAGE STA G IN G W EIGH S T A T IO N C H A R G IN G M IXIN G QA S A M P LIN G QA TE S T IN G FILLIN G P R E S S U R IZIN G BATH TEST C A PP IN G PAC KAG IN G W AREHOUSE S H IP P IN G DRUM D IS P O S A L QA D IS P O S A L PRODUCT = H C -2 M ost L ikely Exposure Route(s) Estim ated Estim ate N um ber o f Exposure Tim e W orkers Ing estion | D erm al | inhalation (p er day) H r/day D ays/Y r L iq u id P hysical Form S o lid A eroso l O pen or Com m ents C lo se d System V a p o r O pen Closed 9 <1 1 X 6 <1 1 X 3 2 1X X X C losed containers. X S p ill response only. X XX X 6 3 1X XX X Same set o f people X fo r these fo u r jo b s X XX X 3 7 1X X X 3 7 1X X 3 7 1X X 3 7 1X X 3 6-20 6 7 7 2 1X 1X 1X X X S ealed aerosol cans. X No exposure to 3 1 1X X X X 3 <1 X X 3 <1 XX X CONSUMER A P P LIC A T IO N : D U R IN G A P P LIC A TIO N - bv user - by oth ers in house X X XX 1 0.03 1 X X 1.5 0 0 X X X X A ssum es 2.5 per fam ily IM M ED IA TELY AFTER A P P LIC A TIO N -b y user - by oth ers in h o use X X X X 1 7 2X 1.5 ? 2 X X Touching w et carpet X Touching w et carpet AFTER D R Y IN G D IS P O S A L LA N D FILL R E C Y C LIN G IN C IN E R A TIO N 2.5 ? ? X P hysical contact; du st XX X XX XX 000169 167 3NI FLUOROCHEMICALEXPOSURE INFORMATION RETAILMARKETSPRODUCTS P oint o f C ontact MANUFACTURE REC'G DOCK STORAGE S T A G IN G W EIG H STATIO N C H A R G IN G M IX IN G QA SAM PLING QA TESTING F ILLIN G P R E S S U R IZ IN G BATH TEST C A P P IN G P A C K A G IN G W AREHOUSE S H IP P IN G DRUM D ISPO SAL QA D ISPO SAL M ost Likely E xposure R o u te (s) In g e stio n I D erm al I In h a la tio n PRODUCT = HC-3 Estim ated Estim ate N um ber of Exposure Tim e W orkers (p e r day) Hr/day D ays/Yr Liqu id P hysical Form S olid A eroso l O pen or C om m ents C losed System V apor O pen Closed 9 <1 1 X 6 <1 1 X 3 2 1X X X C lo se d containers. X S p ill response only. X XX X X 6 3 1X X XX X S am e se t o f people X fo r th e s e fo u r jo b s X X 3 7 1X X X 3 7 1X X 3 7 1X X 3 7 1X X 3 6-20 6 7 7 2 1X 1X 1X X X S e a le d aerosol cans. X N o exposure to 3 1 1X X X X 3 <1 X X 3 <1 X XX CONSUMER A P P LIC A TIO N : D U R IN G APPLICATIO N - by user XX X 1 0.03 1 X X X A ssum e s 2.5 per -- by others in house X X 1.5 0 0 X X fa m ily IM M EDIATELY AFTER APPLICATIO N - by user - by others in house X X X X 1 ? 2X 1.5 ? 2 X X M o vin g w e t furniture? X AFTER DRYING D IS PO SA L LAN D FILL R E C Y C LIN G IN C IN ERATIO N 2.5 ? ? X P h y s ic a l contact; dust XX X XX XX 000170 168 3MFLUOROCHEMICALEXPOSUREINFORMATION RETAILMARKETSPRODUCTS P oint of C ontact M ost L ik e ly E xposure R oute(s) PRODUCT a HC-4 Estim ated Estim ate E xposure Number of Tim e W orkers MANUFACTURE RECG DOCK STORAGE S TA G IN G W EIG H STATION C H A R G IN G M IXING Q A SAM PLING Q A TESTING FILLIN G P R E S S U R IZ IN G BATH TEST C A P P IN G P A C K A G IN G WAREHOUSE SH IPPING In g e s tio n | D e rm a l | In h a la tio n (p e r d a y) 9 6 3 X X X6 X X3 3 3 3 3 6-20 6 3 DRUM DISPO SAL QA DISPO SAL X 3 3 H r/d a y <1 <1 2 3 7 7 T 7 7 7 2 1 <1 <1 D a y s /Y r 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 ? ? CONSUMER APPLICATION: DURING APPLICATIO N - by user X X X 1 0.07 2 - by others in house X X 1.5 0 0 IM M EDIATELY AFTER APPLICATIO N - by user - by others in house X X X X 14 1.5 4 2 2 L iq u id X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X P hysical Form Solid A ero so l Vapor X X X X O p e n o r C losed S ystem C om m ents O pen X X X X X X X X Closed X X C losed containers. S p ill X response only. Sam e se t o f people tor th e se fo u r job s X X O ccasional leaker X X Sealed aerosol cans. X No exposure to X X A ssum es 2 .5 per fam ily X M oving w et fu rn itu re ? X AFTER DRYING DISPOSAL LA N D F ILL R E C Y C LIN G IN C IN E R A T IO N X X 2.5 12 365 X P hysical contact; d ust ?? ?? ?? X XX XX XX 000171 169 3MFLUOROCHEMICALEXPOSUREINFORMATION RETAILMARKETSPRODUCTS ' P o in t o f C o n ta c t M ANUFACTURE R E CG DOCK ST O R A G E S T A G IN G W E IG H S T A T IO N C H A R G IN G M IX IN G Q A SA M P L IN G Q A T E ST IN G F IL L IN G P R E S SU R IZ IN G BATH T EST C A P P IN G P A C K A G IN G W AREH OUSE S H IP P IN G D RU M D IS P O S A L Q A D IS P O S A L M o st Likely E xp o su re R oute(s) I n g e s t io n i Dermal | inhalation P R O D U C T H C-6 E stim ated E stim ate N u m b e r o f E xp osu re T im e W orkers (per day) Hr/day D ays/Yr Liquid P h y sical F orm S o lid A ero so l Vapor O pen or Com m ents C lo sed System O pen C losed 9 <1 4 X 6 <1 4 X 3 2 4X X C lo se d containers. X X Spill re sp o n se on ly. XX X 6 3 4X XX XX X X S a m e se t of people X for th e se four jo b s X X 3 7 4X X X 3 7 4X X 3 7 4X X 3 7 4X X 3 7 4X 6-20 7 4X 6 2 4X 3 1 4X X S ealed aerosol c a n s. X N o exposure to X co n te n ts. X X X 3 <1 X X 3 <1 X X CO N SU M ER A P P L IC A T IO N : D U R IN G A P P L IC A T IO N -- by user XXX 1 0 .0 2 1 X - b y o th e rs in h o u se X X 1 .5 0 0 X X X X A ssu m e s 2 .5 p er fam ily IM M E D IA T E LY AFTER A P P L IC A T IO N - by user - b y others in h o u se A F T E R D R Y IN G X X X X 1 ? 2X 1 .5 ? 2 X 2 .5 ? ? X T o uch in g w et X surface? X Ph ysical contact D IS P O S A L LA N D FILL R E C Y C L IN G IN CIN E R A T IO N XX X XX XX 000172 170 j 3MFLUOROCHEMICALEXPOSUREINFORMATION RETAILMARKETSPRODUCTS P o in t o f C on ta ct MANUFACTURE RECG DOCK STORAGE S TAG IN G W EIG H S TA TIO N C H AN G IN G M IXIN G QA S A M P LIN G QA TESTIN G F ILLIN G P R E S S U R IZIN G Sa Th T IS t C A P P IN G P A C KAG IN G W AREHOUSE S H IP P IN G M ost L ike ly E xp o sure R oute(s) Estim ated Num ber of W orkers PRODUCT AA-1 Estim ate Exposure Time In g e stio n D e rm a l in h a la tio n (p e r d a y ) Hr/day D ays/Y r Liquid 9 <1 4 X 6 <1 4 X 3 2A X XX X X 6 3A X X XX X 3 7A X X 3 7A X 3 7A X 3 7A X 3 7A X 6-20 7 A X 6 2A X 3 1A X P hysical Form S o lid A erosol DRUM D IS P O S A L QA D IS P O S A L X 3 <1 A X 3 <1 ? X X CONSUMER A PP L IC A T IO N : D U R IN G A P P LIC A TIO N - by user X X X 1 0.02 2 X X IM M ED IATELY AFTER A P P LIC A TIO N - by user - b y o th e rs X X X X 1 ?2 X 1 ?2 X V apor AFTER O R YIN G D ISP O SA L LA N D F ILL R EC YC LIN G IN C IN E R A TIO N 2 .5 ? ? X X X X X O pen o r C losed S yste m C o m m e n ts O pen C lo s e d X D rum s dosed except X fo r Q A sa m p lin a X X X S a m e s e t o f people X fo r th e s e fo u r jo b s X X X X X X X S e a le d a e ro so l cans. X N o e xp o su re to X X X X X T o u ch in g w et X s u rfa c e f? ) C o n ta c t w ith treated s u rfa c e ; a ssum e 2.5 p e r fa m ily X X X 171 0 0 0 1 7 3 JMFLUOROCHEMTCALEXPOSUREINFORMATION RETAILMARKETSPRODUCTS Point of Contact MANUFACTURE RECG DOCK STORAGE STAGING WEIGH STATION CHARGING MIXING QA SAMPLING QA TESTING FILLING PRESSURIZING BATH TEST CAPPING PACKAGING ^ WAREHOUSE SHIPPING M ost Likely Exposure Route(s) Ingestion | Dermal | inhalation Estim ated Number of W orkers (per day) 9 6 3 X X6 X X X X3 3 3 3 6-20 6 3 PR O D U C T AA-2 Estim ate Exposure Tim e Hr/dav Days/Yr Liquid <1 1 X <1 1 X 2 1X X 3 1X X X 7 1X 7 1X 7 1X 7 1X 7 1X 7 1X 2 1X 1 1X DRUM DISPOSAL QA DISPOSAL X 3 <1 1 X 3 <1 ? X CONSUMER APPLICATION: DURING APPLICATION - by user X XX 1 0.03 1 Physical Form Solid Aerosol Vapor X X X O pen o r Closed System Open Closed Comments X Drums closed except X fo r QA sam pling X X X Same set o f people for X these four jobs X X X X X X X Sealed aerosol cans. X X No exposure to contents. X X X IMMEDIATELY AFTER APPLICATION - by user --by others X X X X AFTER DRYING DISPOSAL LANDFILL RECYCLING INCINERATION 1? 1.5 ? 2.5 ? 2X 2X ?X X Touching wet X surface(?l Contact w ith treated surface; assume 2.5 per fam ily XX X XX XX 172 000 1 V 4 3MFLUOROCHEMCALEXPOSUREINFORMATION RETAILMARKETSPRODUCTS Point o f C ontact MANUFACTURE RECG DOCK STORAGE STAG ING W EIGH STATIO N CHARG ING M IXING Q A SAM PLING Q A TESTING FILLIN G P R E S S U R IZ IN G BATH TEST C A P P IN G PACKAG ING W AREHOUSE SH IPPING Most Likely Exposure Routeis) Ingestion | Dermal | Inhalation Estim ated Num b of W orkers (p day) PRODUCT AA3 Estimate Exposure Tim e Hr/day Days/Yr Liquid 9 <1 1 X 6 <1 t X 3 2 1X XX X 6 3 1X XX XX X 3 7 1X X 3 7 1X 3 7 1X 3 7 1X 3 7 tX 6-20 7 1X 6 2 1X 3 1 1X DRUM DISPOSAL Q A DISPOSAL X 3 <1 1 X 3 <1 ? X CONSUMER APPLICATION: D URING APPLIC ATIO N -- by user X XX 1 0.02 1 X Physical Form Solid Aerosol Vapor X X X Open o r Closed System C om m ents Open Closed X Drum s closed except X fo r QA sam olino X X X Sam e set o f people for X these four jobs X X X X X X X Sealed aerosol cans. X No e x p o s u re to X contents. X X X IM M EDIATELY AFTER APPLICATIO N -- by user -- b y others X X X X AFTER DRYING DISPOSAL LAN D FILL R E C Y C LIN G IN C INERATIO N 1 ? 2X 1 ?2X 2 ?? X X Touching w et X surface!?) Contact wrth treated surface; assum e 2.5 per fam ily XX X XX XX * 0001V5 173 Aftermarket Application and Retail Consumer Business Retail Markets Products Product Volumes and Use Patterns Summary This summary is based on individual products. It is a description of the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which information was assessed. The route of exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use of fluorochemical-containing product in manufacture of another product; may include dilution prior to commercial distribution. Application: use of fluorochemical-containing product to treat a substrate; may include product dilution by end user. End Use: use of treated substrate . Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold per product in 1997 expressed in thousands (000). FC solids less than 1000 lb are indicated by approximate pounds displayed inside parentheses (--). Chemistry: Generic description of fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning of this section. Amount of Fluorochemical Present: The fluorochemical concentration present in product during process or end use. % Residuals: Sum total of concentration of the mixture of fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route o f Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. 000176 174 Product Volumes and Use Patterns Retail Markets Products G eneric Code A p p lic a tio n , Process or End Use V olum e FC S olids S o ld FC Chem istry Amount FC R esiduals Present In product 1997 (000 lb) (wt% of (wt% o f pdl) Pdt) Food Use Pattern M ost Likely Route(s) o f Exposure industrial Commercial C onsum er D erm al Inhalation Ingestin L a n d fil Environm ental Fate indnaratton W a s te W a te r Treatm ent D irect W ater C om m ents Manufacture Process HC-1 App End HC-2 App HC-3 End App cn End HC-4 App HC-5 AA-1 End App End App. AA-2 End App M -3 End App End X X XX I ro d io v l in a U ild la dm! X X XX X spent containers typically end up in land fill. Sm all percent XX X XXXX XX X X XXX XX X XXXX XX X XXXX XX X X XXX XX X XXXX XX X XXXX XX LLX 0 0 0 Aftermarket Application and Retail Consum er Business End of Retail Markets Products Section 000178 176 Afterm arket Application and Retail Consumer Business C om m ercial M ark ets Products TABLE OF CONTENTS Fluorochemical Identities Chart Situation Analysis Distribution Chain & Points of Contact FC Exposure Information Summary FC Exposure Information Charts Product Volumes & Use Patterns Summary Product Volumes & Use Patterns Chart 000179 000180 G EN ER IC CODE CAS NUMBER CC-1, CC -2 H C -6 oo P C -1 , P C -2 FLUOROCHEMICAL IDENTITIES CHART COMMERCIAL MARKETS PRODUCTS CAS NAME FC C H E M IS TR Y N A M E A fterm arket Application and Retail Consum er Business COMMERCIAL MARKETS PRODUCTS Situation A nalysis BUSINESS DEFINITION Commercial Markets Products have two distinct product categories: A) Cleaning and protection of commercial building and residential upholsteiy and carpet with 3M products by professional applicators. Cleaning and maintenance of floors, walls and other hard surfaces in commercial buildings by professional staff such as in-house custodians and independent contract cleaners. B) Treatment of consumer and professional film negatives by commercial photo processing facilities. KEY PRODUCTS A) 3M protectors and cleaner/protectors for commercial building and residential carpets and upholstery manufactured as liquids intended for spray application. (Hard surface cleaning products are not considered in the following sections because use of fluorochemicals in the formulations is at a very low level -- perhaps 0.1% of the formulation or less - and because similar products and use patterns are considered in other market sections of this 3M assessment report.) B) Liquid photocurable coating for film negatives. Cured, durable coating provides scratch and solvent protection for photographic film negatives. KEY MARKETS A) Janitorial supply, professional supply houses B) Commercial film processing facilities KEY CUSTOMERS A) Furniture retailers, building maintenance personnel, professional residential carpet cleaning services B) Individual retail consumers (photo negatives) and commercial/professional photographers. INTENDED USE A) Treatment of carpet and upholstery for ultimate use in commercial buildings and residences B) Machine applied and cured (closed system) in a very thin coating on film negatives at commercial film processing facilities. EXPECTED USE PATTERN A) Liquid water-based products applied using low pressure or paint-type spray apparatus. Articles are treated at the customer residence, in commercial buildings, or ir "lie furniture retailers establishment. B) Film protector is applied by commercial applicators only. Cured, dry, treated film is handled by commercial and retail consumers. 000181 179 Aftermarket Application and Retail Consumer Business Commercial Markets Products Distribution Chain and Points of Contact The following information describes the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview of the significant points where the 3M product may be handled and used. The distribution chain for the Commercial Markets Products is not complex. In general, product is shipped from the manufacturer to the distributor who sells to the end user. One or more warehousing steps may be involved. During distribution, the product is in sealed containers. In two instances, 3M product is reformulated to end use formulation or let down from concentrate to end use concentration in the distribution process. No charts are provided for the distribution chain. Reformulation and let down are considered in the points of contact charts. The following charts provide points of likely contact with the 3M fluorochemical and fluorochemical-containing product during manufacture and customer use. This information was compiled from 3M internal knowledge o f the manufacturing process and marketplace based on 3M technical service/sales visits and general information from customer interactions. 180 0 0 0 1 8 2 COMMERCIAL MARKETS PRODUCTS CC-1, CC-2, HC-6 MANUFACTURE 000183 v 182 000184 000185 183 COMMERCIAL MARKETS PRODUCTS CC-1 APPLICATION 000186 184 COMMERCIAL MARKETS PRODUCTS PC-2 APPLICATION 000187 185 COMMERCIAL MARKETS PRODUCTS HC-6 APPLICATION 000188 186 Afterm arket Application and Retail Consum er Business Commercial Markets Products 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information Summary Based on the Distribution Chain/Points of Contact information, each principal step in the manufacture and customer use processes are isolated. All information is based on the use and handling of 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point o f Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Use pattern includes steps in product manufacture and end use application by the professional applicator. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure at each point o f contact -- ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Estimated Number of Workers: Indicates the number of workers who may have potential for exposure during use. During end use application, "number of workers" represents number o f occupants of residence present during and after product use as well as the professional applicator. Estimated Exposure Time: Indicates the amount of time that manufacture workers/end users potentially may be exposed during use. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) of the product at time of exposure. Open or Closed System: Indicates open/closed status of product at time of handling as follows: Open system is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Examples of open systems are mixing kettles, open drums and bottles. Closed system is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Examples of closed systems are sealed drums and filled sealed containers. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. Disposal: Indicates most likely method of disposal of the end use product - sewer, landfill, recycling or incineration. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 000189 187 3MFLIIOROCHEMICALEXPOSUREINFORMATION COMMERCIALMARKETSPRODUCTS P oint o f C on ta ct MANUFACTURE (CC-1. CC-2) RECG DOCK STORAGE STAG ING W EIG H STATIO N C HAR G ING M IXING QA SAM PLIN G Q A TESTIN G FILLIN G PAC KAG IN G W AREHO USE SH IPPIN G M ost L ike ly E xp o sure R outefs) Ingestion | Dermal | Inhalation E stim ated Num ber of W orkers (per day) PRODUCT = CC -1. CC-2 E stim ate E xposure Tim e Hr/dav Oavs/Yr Liquid 2 <1 4 5 X 2 <1 4 5 X 45 X X 45 X X 2 2 45 X X <1 4 5 X X <1 4 5 X X 1 1 45 X X 2 7 45 X 3 7 45 X 1 45 X 1 1 45 X ORUM D IS P O S A L QA D IS P O S A L X 1 <1 1 <1 X X FORMULATOR Receive C C -2 Transfer to k e ttle ; dilu te ; add ch arg e s QA sam ple; te s t fo r pH A diust batch pH P ack a q e CC-1 QA sam ple d isp o sa l W arehouse X X X X X X X X X 1 <1 6 X 2 6X 1 6X 1 6X 2 6X <1 6 X <1 6 X APPLICATOR RECEIVE CC-1 DILUTE P R IO R TO USE D U R IN G APPLIC ATIO N - bv a p p lica to r - by others in house X XX 1 1 250 X 1 0 .1 0 250 X 2 <1 <1 X IM M ED IATELY AFTER APPLIC ATIO N - bv a p p lica to r X 1 <1 X - bv others in house X 2 <1 X Physical Forni Solid Aerosol Vapor O pen o r C losed S ystem Open Closed C om m ents X C losed containers. X X S p ill response only. X X X X X X A uto fille r X X Sealed co nta in e r X X R ecvclina ? X R etain; d ispose X X X X X X X P rio r to tra n sp o rt to X cu sto m e r site X A p p lic a to r R esid e nts X M ovina w et fu rn itu re ? W a lkin g rto u ch in g w et X surface? AFTER D RYING D ISP O SA L SEW ER LAN D FILL R E C Y C L IN G INC IN ERATIO N X 2,5 12 2 5 0 X 1X X X X P hysical co nta ct; dust by re sid e n ts o f hom e X S p e n t liq u id X E m pty containers X E m pty containers X E m pty containers * 0001S0 188 3M FLUOROCHEMICAL EXPOSURE INFORMATION COMMERCIAL MARKETS PRODUCTS Point of C ontact MANUFACTURE RECG DOCK WAREHOUSE STAGING CHARGING MIX WITH W ATER QA SAMPLING QA TESTING FILLING PACKAGING WAREHOUSE SHIP TO APPLICATOR M ost Likely Exposure Routefsl Ingestion | Dermal | Inhalation Estimated Number of W orkers (per day) X X X 3 X X6 1 PRODUCT - PC-2 Estim ate Exposure Time Hr/day Days/Yr Liquid X 90 X X X 3 90 X X X 4 90 X X X 1 50 X DRUM DISPOSAL QA DISPOSAL X 1 1 90 X 1 <1 4 X TANK RINSE X 1 2 2X APPLICATOR RECEIVE PRODUCT WAREHOUSE 1 12 X 12 SHIP TO FURNITURE RETAILERS RETAIL WAREHOUSE MOVE TO SPRAY BOOTH SPRAY FURNITURE MOVE TO DRYING AREA X X 2-3 1 X XX X 2 7 250 X 12 X 12 X X 3 350 X DELIVER TO CUSTOMER CUSTOMER X 2 4 250 X PICK UP FURNITURE USE FURNITURE DISPOSAL SEWER X X X LANDFILL RECYCLING INCINERATION (?) 2 1 350 25 12 350 X 1 <1 250 X X X X Physical Form Sold Aerosol Vapor X X X Open or Closed System Open Closed Comments X X Pdt in sealed containers X X X X X X X ................ X Output is 5 gal and 30 X oal containers X X Put back into mix Pressure wash unsates X sentto 3M fo r disposal X X Sealed containers X X Containers remain in X X area for further use X X Depending on drying conditions, tim e of drying and amount of pdt applied, furniture may be damp when delivered X Depending on drying conditions, tim e of drying and amount of pdt applied, furniture m ay be X damp when picked up X X Spent liquid Rags, wipes, floor sweepings, furniture wrapping and furniture X discarded by consumer X Empty containers (?) X 000191 189 3MFLUOROCHEMICALEXPOSUREINFORMATION COMMERCIALMARKETSPRODUCTS Point of Contact MANUFACTURE RECG DOCK WAREHOUSE STAGING CHARGING QA SAMPLING QA TESTING FILLING PACKAGING WAREHOUSE SHIP TO CUSTOMER M ost Likely Exposure Routefsl Ingestion | D etrai 1 Inhalation X X X X Estim ated Number of W orkers (per day) 1 1 1 1 ? PRODUCT HC-6 Estim ate Exposure Time Hr/day Days/Yr Liquid X 1 50 X X X 1 50 X X 1 50 X X ?X ? ?X DRUM DISPOSAL QA DISPOSAL TANK RINSE X X X 1 1 50 X 1 <1 ? X 1 1 50 X APPLICATOR RECEIVE PRODUCT STORE IN FACILITY POUR INTO COATER COAT, CURE FILM CLEAN COATER RINSE. WIPE DISPOSAL SEND FILM TO CUSTOMER X X X 1 1 ?X 1 1? 1 O.S 250 X 1 8 250 X 1 0.5 250 X 1 0.1 'i X CUSTOMER USE FILM X ? ? ? DISPOSAL SEWER LANDFILL RECYCLING INCINERATION X Physical Form SoNd Aerosol Vapor X X Open or Closed System Open Closed Com m ents X X Pdt in sealed containers X X X X X X X Pdt in sealed containers. X X X X X X Sealed containers X X Closed system X X Cured treated film only. Custom er not exposed to X end use product Rags, w ipes discarded by a pp licator treated film discarded by X consumer Mfg w aste possibly sent X to industrial incinerator 000192 Ton Aftermarket Application and Retail Consumer Business Commercial Markets Products Product Volumes and Use Patterns Summary This summary is based on individual products. It is a description of the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which information was assessed. The route of exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use of fluorochemical-containing product in manufacture of another product; may include dilution prior to commercial distribution. Application: use of fluorochemical-containing product to treat a substrate; may include product dilution by end user. End Use: use of treated substrate . Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold in 1997 expressed in thousands (000); FC solids less than 1000 lb are indicated by approximate pounds displayed inside parentheses (--). Chemistry: Generic description of fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning of this section. Amount of Fluorochemical Present: The fluorochemical concentration present in product during process or end use. % Residuals: Sum total of concentration of the mixture of fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. "ND" indicates residual level not determined. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". .# Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. 000193 191 Product Volumes and Use Patterns C om m ercial M arkets Products G eneric Code A pplication, Volume Process or FC S olids End Use S o ld FC C hem istry 1997 (000 lb) Am ount FC P re se n t R esiduals in product (w t% o f Pdt) (wt% of Pdt) Food Use Pattern M ost Likely R oute(s) of E xp o su re Industrial Commercili Consumer Dermal Inhalation Ingestion Landfill E nvironm ental Fate Waste Water incineration Treatment Direct Water Com m ents M anufacture Process CC-1 End *=* See B elow *= X X XX TlU dlW i a iliU u s-- X X X X X ultim ately into la n d fill. Spent C C -2 P ro ce ss H C -6 App End PC-1 Process P C -2 End 4- ,, XX XX XX X X X XX XX XX X X XX 100% solids, UV cured m aterial. C losed system application and cure. Process w aste expected to be m inim al. C onsum er exposure on ly to fu lly cured coating on film . Treated articles ultim ately into la n d fill. T itfd lw J u ilic lu s -- ultim ately into la n d fill. Spent solutions sewered 000194 Afterm arket Application and Retail Consumer Business End of Commercial Markets Products Section 000195 193 Aftermarket Application and Retail Consumer Business END OF FLUOROCHEMICAL USE, DISTRIBUTION AND RELEASE OVERVIEW 000196 194 Performance Chemicals Fluorochem ical Use, Distribution And Release Overview 000197 195 } Foreword This report is a comprehensive look at exposure to 3M's fluorochemicals in Performance Chemicals business. It attempts to answer the following questions. What products are customers exposed to? Where does exposure happen? What type of exposure is it? The 3M fluorochemical business is complex and global. Markets served are highly fragmented involving multiple 3M products that are applied to multiple substrates, sold into multiple market segments and used for multiple end products. Sources Information for this report was developed solely from internal 3M sources. These include: Knowledge of product handling and use practices from field sales and technical personnel Best estimates of end-use applications from known customer activities Internal sales reports Knowledge of worldwide activities (where applicable) by St. Paul based-personnel How To Read This Report Situation Analysis: Provides background on business and products. Distribution Chain and Points of Contact: Follows the path of a 3M fluorochemical throughout the distribution chain to final end user. Objective is to identify all points of contact with our chemicals - from arrival on customer's Loading dock through product usage and disposal. Exposure Information Charts: Attempts to quantify type and length of exposure and number o f workers exposed to our Chemicals within the distribution chain. Product Volumes and Use Patterns: Combines 3M product detail with the exposure routes to provide a summary o f total business exposure by product type. 000198 Table of Contents I. Chemical Names II. Situation Analysis A. Fire-fighting Foams 1. Business Definition 2. Products and Markets 3. Customer Location B . M ining and Oil 1. Business Definition 2. Products and Markets C. M etal Plating and Electronic Etching Baths 1. Business Definition 2. Products and Markets D. Household Additives 1. Business Definition 2. Products and Markets E. Intermediates 1. Business Definition 2. Products and Markets F. Coatings and Coating Additives 1. Business Definition 2. Products and Market 197 0 0 0 1 9 9 Table of Contents Page Two G. Carpet Spot Cleaners 1. Business Definition 2. Products and Markets 3. Customer Location H. Insecticides 1. Business Definition 2. Products and Markets m . Exposure Assessment A. Fire-fighting Foam 1. Distribution Chain 2. Points of Contact 3. Exposure Routes 4. Production Volumes and Use Patterns B. Mining and Oil 1. Distribution Chain 2. Points of Contact 3. Exposure Routes 4. Production Volumes and Use Patterns C. Metal Plating and Electronic Etching Baths 1. Distribution Chain 2. Points of Contact 3. Exposure Routes 4. Production Volumes and Use Pattern D. Household Additives 1. Distribution Chain 2. Points of Contact 3. Exposure Routes 4. Production Volumes and Use Patterns E. Intermediates 1. Distribution Chain 2. Points of Contact 000200 198 3. Exposure Routes 4. Production Volumes and Use Patterns F. Coatings and Coating Additives 1. Distribution Chain 2. Points of Contact 3. Exposure Routes 4. Production Volumes and Use Patterns G. Carpet Spot Cleaners 1. Distribution Chain (Points of Contact, Exposure Routes done by Home and Commercial Care Products Division) 3. Production Volumes and Use Patterns H. Insecticides 1. Distribution Chain 2. Points o f Contact 3. Exposure Routes 4. Production Volumes and Use Patterns * 000201 199 Chemical Names The following is a list of Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) names and numbers for individual products. The following information is presented: Generic Code: Indicates an internal 3M designation o f the product(s). CAS Number Indicates the Chemical Abstracts Services number(s) o f fluorochemicals contained within each product. Chemical Name (complete CAS name or IUPAC names if CAS name does not exist): Indicates the Chemical Abstracts Services name(s) o f fluorochemicals contained within each product Chemical Class: Indicates a shortened, generic chemical name. 000202 200 Generic Code CAS Number HA-1, PE-2 Chemical Names Chemical Nam e (complete CAS name or IUPAC name if CA S name does not exist) Household Additives HA-2 HA-3, MO-7 i Chemical Class HA-4, CA-1 HA-5, CA-2, MO-5, MO-1 000203 000204 Generic CAS Number Code HA-6, PE-3 PE-1 PE-4 ro IM-1 o ro IM-2 Chemical Names Chemical Name (com plete CAS nam e o r IUPAC nam e it C AS nam e does no t exist) M etal Plating/Electronic Etching Interm ediates Chemical Class Generic Code CAS Number IM-3 Chemical Names Chemical Name (com plete CAS nam e o r IUPAC nam e if C AS nam e does n o t e xist) Chemical Class IM -4 IM -5 CA-3 ro CA-4, MO-3 o co CA-5 CA-6 Coatings, Coating A dditives, and Inks 000205 0'- 'JS*' 000206 Generic Code CAS Number IC-1 IC-2 MO-2, MO-6 MO-4 ro FF-1to FFo 13 CC-1 Chemical Names Chemical Name (com plete CAS nam e o r IU PAC nam e If C A S nam e does not exist) In s e c tic id e s M ining/O il Fire-fighting Foams Carpet Spot Cleaner Chemical Class IV. Situation Analysis A. Fire Fighting Foams 1. Business Definition Fire Protection Industry - Description: Light WaterTM and ATCTM are trademarks for class B fire foam products manufactured by 3M that are aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) and alcohol resistant concentrate (AR-AFFF) used to suppress and/or extinguish flammable liquid fires and suppress flammable liquid and toxic chemical vapors. Branded foams are manufactured as well as commercial, competitively priced AFFF's and AR-AFFF's. a) Fluorochemical Foam Surfactant Converter Segment This segment is comprised of companies who purchase fluorochemical intermediates and convert them by means of a chemical reaction to organic fluorochemical surfactants for use in formulating flammable liquid fire fighting foam. Other than 3M, who convert their own intermediates to surfactants, most surfactant manufacturers in the United States either convert their own intermediates, or obtain their intermediates from companies other than 3M. 3M intermediates that end up in fire fighting foam are non-existent in the United States, but could end up in the United States from sources outside the United States where we do sell intermediates for this segment. b) Foam Formulator Segment: This segment is comprised of companies that formulate their own AFFF products from Fluorochemical surfactants, or mixtures of surfactants called superconcentrates or concentrated agents. c) Fire Extinguisher Concentrate Segment: This segment is comprised of companies who manufacture fire extinguishers, from one-gallon equivalent portable up to three hundred or more gallon fixed or wheel mounted ready to use fire fighting systems. d) Foam Flammable Liquid Fire Fighting Segment: This segment is comprised of all users of AFFF and AR-AFFF Foam. These are the end users, usually described at "fire fighters". A fire fighter uses the concentrate by 000207 205 educting, or mixing it with water at the time of fighting a fire, either by mixing it with water as a pre-mix, or using fire fighting equipment that proportions the concentrate with water as it is used. Another form of fire fighting with foam is where a fixed system, containing the concentrate, is either manually or automatically activated causing the system to force the concentrate into a water stream where the "mixture" is forced through sprinkler heads or an automatic monitor directly to the fire. The "fire fighter" will also use foam from a fixed installation for application directly to a flammable liquid that is burning or is emitting flammable/toxic vapors. 2. Products and Markets: Foam concentrate (identified in IV.a 3) use by the "fire fighter" either manually or automatically are used in the following market areas: Market Area Oil & Chemical Industry Description Chemical plants, petroleum refineries, terminal storage facilities, transportation (excluding marine) Sprinkler Systems Purchasers of foam concentrates for inclusion in end-user products (i.e., foam/water sprinklers, fire tracks) Marine Water transportation vessels Fire Brigades Local government fire protection services Civil Aviation Airports (Crash fire rescue) . Off-Shore Total drilling platform protection systems Military Federal/national government armed forces Hazardous Waste Environmental Clean-up Companies 000208 206 3. Product Code FF-1 FF-2 FF-3 FF-3A FF-3B FF-4 FF-5 FF-5A FF-5B FF-5C FF-5D FF-6 FF-6A FF-7 FF-8 Key Product Sales Lbs. PE-1 Solids Per Gallon Gallons Sold '** > 000209 207 000210 000211 II. S ituation A n alysis B. M ining and O il Mining ~ This segm ent includes copper and gold mines that process ore via solution mining. The mines use 3M surfactants to increase wetting of the sulfuric acid or cyanide that leaches the ore. This increases the amount of metal recovered from the ore. 3M surfactants are sold directly to the mines. Oil - This segm ent includes oil well service formulators and oil companies that use 3M suifactants in a well stimulation formula that is injected into an oil well to enhance the recovery of oil and gas. 3M surfactants are sold direct, to formulators and through a distributor. Products (000) Pounds M O -2 MO-4 MO-3 MO-6 MO-7 MO-5 000212 210 C. Metal Plating and Electronic Etching Baths M etal Plating-This segment includes chrom e and plastic preplate etchant platers who use 3M surfactants to suppress oxidizing acid m ist in order to protect their operators health in compliance with NIO SH regulations. 3M surfactants are sold either as powders to formulators who manufacture solid pellets that are sold to the platers or as liquids that are sold directly to the platers Electronic Etching- This segment includes the electronics manufacturers who add 3M surfactants to strong acids in order to etch precise patterns in a silicon wafer or a printed circuit board. 3M surfactants are either sold to formulators who purify and dilute the surfactants before selling them to the end user or sold directly to the w afer manufacturer Products FE3------ PE-1 PE-3* Pounds ------------ *sr *1 000213 211 D. Household Additives This segment includes chemical formulators who use 3M surfactants to improve the wetting of waterbased products that are sold as cleaners, waxes, floor polishes, surface protective compounds, and photographic film. 3M surfactants are sold as liquids to the formulators who dilute them to about 20 parts per million in their product that is sold to the consumer or contract cleaner. Products R7P1 HA-2 HA-6 Pounds 000214 212 E. Intermediates This segment includes chemical manufacturers who react 3M fluorochemical interm ediates with monomers in order to create a fluorochemical polymer. The manufacturers handle 3M intermediates in a way sim ilar to the way 3M processes 3M intermediates to m ake surfactants fo r 3M "Light Water" fire protection foam or fluorinated polymers, with residues similar to "Scotchgard" carp et protector. Products 115FI-----IM-2 IM-3 IM-4 Pounds ------------ 000215 213 F. Coatings and Coating Additives Coatings-This segment includes formulators who utilize 3M fluorochemical polymer coatings as received or in combination with other materials to import soil or w ater repellency to a surface. Typical applications include application of such coating to household or commercial surfaces or electronical or electronic components. Products C 3 --- C A -6 Pounds ------------ Coating Additives-Some formulators o f protective coatings utilize very low levels of 3M surfactants (fractions of a percent) to enhance wetting, flow, leveling, and performance and to permit reductions in the amount of hazardous solvents and other volatile organic compounds required in such systems. Products -- CA-2 CA-3 CA-4 Pounds -------- 000216 214 G. Carpet Spot C leaners This segment includes formulators of carpet spot cleaners who use 3M fluorochemicals to provide stain and soil resistance to carpet. The consumer sprays the product on carpet Products -- Pounds -------- 000217 215 H. Insecticides This segm ent includes formulators of insect control bait stations who use 3M fluorochemicals as. registered active ingredients. 3M fluorochemicals are blended with bait that is attractive to the insect and placed in bait stations for leaf cutter ants, pharoah ants and cockroaches. Products TC3 -----IC-1 Pounds 000218 216 Distribution Chain This diagram represents the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview of the significant points where the 3M product may be handled and used. This distribution chain represents the typical use of the product line; not every product will go through each step. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace. 000219 217 AFFF Surfactant Converter Segment Distribution Chain AFFF Foam Formulator Segment Distribution Chain CC02ZO 218 AFFF Foam Formulator Segment Distribution Chain 000221 219 AFFF Fire Extinguisher Segment Distribution Chain 220 0 0 0 2 2 1 AFFF Flammable Liquid Fire Fighting Segment Distribution Chain 000223 221 Points of Contact The Points o f Contact diagram details the path the product takes within the distribution chain starting with the arrival of 3M product at the 3M customer. This information was compiled from 3M internal knowledge o f the marketplace based on 3M technical service/sales visits and general information from the customer interactions. ** 000224 Points of Contact Fire-Fighting Foam Surfactant Converter 000225 Points of Contact Formulator Fire-Fighting Foam QC -* QC * 224 0 0 0 2 2 6 Points of Contact Fire-Fighting Foam Fire Extinguisher S' i 000227 225 Points of Contact Fire-Fighting Foam End Use All Products Sewer Receiving Area ir Truck, tanker Extinguisher r Hose dispenser Sewer ^r D irect Land D irect W ater 000228 226 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information From the Points of Contact flow chart, each step in the customer use process is isolated. All information is based on the use and handling of 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point of Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Estimated Number of Workers: Indicates the number of workers who may have potential for exposure during used. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) of the product at time of exposure. Open or Closed System: Open system: is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Closed system: is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 000229 227 Exposure Information - Processed Raw Material Point of Contact Type of Exposure Oral Dermal Inhalation Estimated Exposure Times Number high medium of Workers low (per plant) Liquid Physical Form Solid Aerosol Vapor Open or Closed System Open Closed Comments Receiving QC Warehouse Staging Pre-Mix? Drum Disposal Surfactant Convertor QA Package Warehouse Staging Mix Tank QA Package Warehouse Customer o 9 *0 o X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X , Low Low Low ? ? Low Low Low Low Medium Low Low Low Low Low Low X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Low Incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence Point of Contact Type of Exposure Oral Dermal Inhalation Warehouse Staging MH Tank QA Package Warehouse Customer X X X X X X FORMULATOR FF-7, FF-8 Estimated Exposure Times Number high medium of Workers low Physical Form (per plant) Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open or Closed System Open Closed Comments Low X Low X Low X Low X Low X Low X Low X Low incidence X X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X X Low incidence X Low incidence 000231 aT Point of Contact Type of Exposure End Use Estimated Exposure Times Number of high medium Workers low Physical Form Open or Closed System Comments Oral Dermal Inhalation Sprinkler Systems All other delivery methods X X X X X X (per plant) Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open Closed Low incidence, low Low X X human involvement Low X Low incidence, low X human involvement 000232 Finished Product Use Point of Contact rype of Exposure Oral Dermal Inhalation Exposure Times Number of high medium Workers low Physical Form Open or Closed System (per plant) Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open Closed Comments B ladder tanks filled by pouring or pum pin g Original container Portable tank X X Low Low Low X X X X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence 000233 Point of Contact Type of Exposure Oral Dermal Inhalation EXTINGUISHERS (fillers) Estimated Exposure Times Number high medium of Workers low Physical Form (per plant) Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open or Closed System Open Closed Comments Receiving Warehouse Staging Mix Tank Packaging Warehouse Shipped Cust. X X X X X X X Low X Low X Low X Low X Low X Low X Low X X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence X Low incidence * 000234 Product Volumes and Use Patterns This summary is based on individual products. It is a description of the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which exposure was assessed. The route of exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use or fluorochemical containing product in another product. Application: use of fluorochemical containing product to treat a substrate. End Use: use of treated substrate. Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold in 1997. (M-1000) Chemistry: Generic description of fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning o f this section. Amount o f Fluorochemical Present: The fluorochemical concentration in process or end use. % Residuals: Sum total of concentration of the mixture of fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where the product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. 000235 Product Volumes and Use Patterns Product Code Volume FC Solids Process or End Sold In Use 1997 Chemistry Amount % FC Resldu Present als Use Pattern Most Likely Route of Exposure Food Com m erc Consum Industrial lai e r Derm al Inhalation Ingestion Environmental Fate Landfill Incinerati on W aste W ater Treatm ent D irec t W ater Comments IM-1 Reactor IM-1 End Use Fire-fighting X X X X X (majority) X XX ro CO 000236 Product Volumes & Use Patterns P roduct Code P rocess o r End Use V o lu m e FC S o lid s S o ld In 1997 C h e m istry Am ount FC P resent % R e sld u a ls U se P attern M o st L ik e ly R o u te o f E xposure E n v iro n m e n ta l Fate Comm Consu tn h a la tto Food Industrial ercial m er Derm al n Ingestion Landfill W aste Inclner W ater D irect ation Treatm ent W ater C om m ents F F -1 4 F F -1 5 F F -1 6 Form ulator o f AFFF Form ulator o f AFFF Form ulator o f AFFF F F -1 7 F F -1 8 F F -1 9 F F -2 0 Form ulator o f AFFF Form ulator o f AFFF Form ulator o f AFFF Form ulator o f AFFF FF-21 F F -1 4 -F F -2 1 F ire fig h tin g FF-1 -FF-13 FF-4 FF-16 Form ulator o f AFFF F ire -fig h tin g F iller o f fire e x tin g u is h e rs F ire -fig h tin g X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X XX X X XX X X XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX XX X X XX F ire -fig h tiiig XX X XX 000237 Distribution Chain This diagram represents the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview of the significant points where the 3M product may be handled and used. This distribution chain represents the typical use of the product line; not every product will go through each step. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace. 000238 -a Mining Distribution Chain 000239 237 Oil Distribution Chain 000240 238 Points of Contact The Points of Contact diagram details the path the product takes within the distribution chain starting with the arrival of 3M product at the 3M customer. This information was compiled from 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace based on 3M technical service/sales visits and general information from the customer interactions. 000241 Points of Contact Mining Transfer to Storaee Tank yr Pumpeid to U se Sc)ln. 000242 240 Points of Contact Oil Well Surfactants Site Absorbs to Rock 000243 241 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information From the Points of Contact flow chart, each step in the customer use process is isolated. All information is based on the use and handling of 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point of Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Estimated Number of Workers: Indicates the number of workers who may have potential for exposure during used. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) of the product at time o f exposure. Open or Closed System: Open system: is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Closed system: is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 000244 242 Exposure Information MO-7. MO-6, MO-5, MO-3, MO-4 Point of Contact Receiving dock Type of Exposure Oral Dermal Inhalation X Number of W orkers (per plant) Estimated Exposure Times Low= <1 hr., <50 days Med.s 1-4 hrs, 50-100 days High= >4 hrs., >100 days Physical Form Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open or Closed System Open Closed 1-2 Low X X Comments rooo* QC Warehouse Mix Tank Drum Disposal Tanker Site Well X X X X 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X 1-2 Medium X 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X ? Low X Spills only. X Technically qualified. X Spills, leakers X X X X X MO-3 Only Crude Oil ? Low X X MO-3 Bottoms End Use ? XX 00024 000245 Exposure Information - MO-2, MO-1 Point o f C ontact Type o f Exposure Oral Derm al Inhalation Estim ated Exposure Tim es Low= <1 hr, <50 days Med.= 1-4 hrs., 50 Num ber of 100 days High= >4 hrs, W orkers >100 days (per plant) Liquid Physical Form Solid Aerosol Vapor Open or Closed System Open Closed Com m ents Loading Dock 1-2 Low X X Warehouse (spills) Leach Area Storage Tank Drum Disposal Pumped to use solution Pumped to leach pad Dripped or sprayed onto ore Clean-out X X 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X Low X 1-2 Low X X X X X X X X 000246 Product Volumes and Use Patterns This summary is based on individual products. It is a description of the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which exposure was assessed. The route of exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use or fluorochemical containing product in another product. Application: use of fluorochemical containing product to treat a substrate. End Use: use o f treated substrate. Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold in 1997. (M-1000) Chemistry: Generic description o f fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning of this section. Amount of Fluorochemical Present: The fluorochemical concentration in process or end use. % Residuals: Sum total of concentration of the mixture of fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where the product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. 000247 245 Product Code Process or End Use Volum e FC Solids Sold in 1997 Chem istry Am ount FC Present Product Volumes and Use Patterns % Residuals Food Use Pattern M ost Likely Route of Exposure Industri C om m erci C o n s u m Inhalatio al al er D erm al n Ingestion Environm ental Fate Landfill W aste W ater Treatm e In c in e ra tio n nt D irec t W ater Com m ents M O -3 M O -3 M O -3 M O -3 M O -3 F o rm u la to r O il W e ll S u rfa cta n t Crude Oil Bottoms Copper heap leach mining Unknown X X X X? X X X X ? ?? Absorbs to rock ? 246 O o to 06 Product Volumes and Use Patterns Product Code Process or End Use Volum e FC Solids Sold In 1997 Chem istry Am ount FC Present % Residuals Food Use Pattern M ost Likely Route of Exposure Industri Commerci Consum Inhalatio al al er Derm al n Ingestion Environm ental Fate Landfill W ater Treatm e Incineration nt D ire ct W ater Com m ents M O -4 M O -4 X X X X X XX 247 O <> * Product Volumes and Use Patterns Product Code Process or End Use Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997 Chemistry Amount FC Present % Residuals Food Use Pattern Most Likely Route of Exposure Induetri Commerci C onum Inhalado al al if Dermal n Ingeetlon Environmental Fate W ater Treatm o la n d fill tndnerellon nt D irect W ater Comments MO-7 Formulator MO-7 Oil Well Surfactant XX X X Absorbs to rock r-Po> CO O o tn ** * ( Product Coda Process or End Use Volum e FC Solids Sold In 1997 Chem istry Am ount FC Present Product Volume and Use Pattern % Residuals Food Use Pattern M ost Likely Route of Exposure Inducili Commerci Concum In fia la ta ci al r Dermal n Ingeatlon Environm ental Fate W aate W ater Traatm e D irect Landfill Incinration nt W ater Com m ents M O -6 M O -6 M O -6 M O -6 M O -1 Formulator Oil W ell Surfactant Foimulator Oil Well Surfactant Heap Leach X X X X X X X X X X 249 O o fO tn H- * Distribution Chain This diagram represents the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview of the significant points where the 3M product may be handled and used. This distribution chain represents the typical use of the product line; not every product will go through each step. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace. A 000252 250 Metal Plating Distribution Chain M* 000253 Electronic Etchant Distribution Chain 000254 252 Points of Contact The Points of Contact diagram details the path the product takes within the distribution chain starting with the arrival of 3M product at the 3M customer. This information was compiled from 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace based on 3M technical service/sales visits and general information from the customer interactions. 000255 253 Points of Contact Metal, Plating Pellet Maker/Formulator PE-1 254 0 0 0 2 5 6 Points of Contact Metal/Plastic Etching, Metal Plating Receiving Dock W arehouse i Filter Disposal QC Etching Bath T M aintenance D isp o sa l Rinse Tank M aintenance Drying Platin, i Bath Plating Bath Pellet Plating Baths Powder QC M aintenance Container D isposal Liauid Pellet * Powder Bath Disposal Hazardous W aste 000257 255 Points of Contact Electronic Etching Baths PE-4, PE-3 000258 256 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information From the Points of Contact flow chart, each step in the customer use process is isolated. All information is based on the use and handling of 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point of Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Most Likely Route o f Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Estimated Number o f Workers: Indicates the number of workers who may have potential for exposure during used. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) of the product at time of exposure. Open or Closed System: Open system: is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Closed system: is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 000259 257 P ro d u c t V o lu m e s a n d U se P a tte rn s . P rocess o r End P roduct Code U se V o lu m e S o ld PE-1 M e ta l P la tin g B ath PE-1 e tch in g ba th PE-1 C h e m istry Am ount FC P resent % R sid u a ls U se P a tte rn R o ute o f E xp o su re Food Commerc C on su m Industrial lal er D erm al Inhalation Ingestion E n viro n m e n ta l F a te Landfill Incinerati on W aste W ater Treatm ent D ire c t W ater C o m m ents X h ig h h ig h lo w h a za rd o u s X u se d in c o n ju n c tio n w ith h a z a rd o u s X lo w lo w lo w h a za rd o u s X c h e m ic a ls . U se d in c o n ju n c tio n w ith h a z a rd o u s .X h ig h h ig h lo w h a za rd o u s X X ch e m ic a ls . orooo O O o O a o Product Code Volum e FC S o lid s Process o r End Sold in Use 1997 Chem istry PE-3 PE-3 Form ulator F o rm u la to r/U se r. M e ta l P la tin g B ath E tcha nts Product Volumes and Use Patterns Am ount FC Present % R s id u als Use Pattern M ost Likely Route of Exposure Food Commerc C on su m Industrial la) er Derm al Inhalation Ingestion Environm ental Fate L a n d fill Incinerati on W aste W ater Treatm ent D ire c t W ater X X h a z a rd o u s X X X hazardous X Com m ents iINnS ID O o N a> H- Product Code Volum e FC S o lid s Process o r End S old in Use 1997 Chem istry Product Volum es and Use Patterns Amount FC Present % Rsidu als Use Pattern M o st Likely Route o f Exposure Food Commerc C o n su m Industrial la! er D erm al Inhalation Ingestion Environm ental Fate Landfill Incinerati on W aste W ater Treatm ent D ire c t W ater Com m ents PE-4 Formulator Electronic Etching Baths n/a X X hazardous X X PE-4 End Use Etcher Closed system, X hazardous many rinses reon o O O O 70 a l Product Volumes and Use Patterns This summary is based on individual products. It is a description of the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which exposure was assessed. The route o f exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use or fluorochemical containing product in another product. Application: use of fluorochemical containing product to treat a substrate. End Use: use of treated substrate. Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold in 1997. (M-1000) Chemistry: Generic description of fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning of this section. Amount o f Fluorochemical Present: The fluorochemical concentration in process or end use. % Residuals: Sum total of concentration of the mixture of fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where the product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route o f exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. 000263 261 Exposure Information - Pellet Maker (Metal Plating Baths) Point of Contact Type of Exposure Oral Dermal Inhalation Estimated Exposure Times Low= <1 hr, <50 days Med.s 1-4 hrs, 50-100 days Number of High >4 hrs, Workers >100 days Physical Form Open or Closed System (per plant) Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open Closed Comments Receiving Dock Warehouse Hopper/Mixer Disposal Pressure Forming Pellet Information QC Packaging XX XX XX XX XX X X XX 1-2? 1-2 ? 1-2 ? 1-2? 1-2 ? Low Low Medium Low Medium Medium? Low Medium? X X X X X X X X X Low incidence of spills X Low incidence of spills. X X X X X Technically qualified X 000264 Point o f Contact Receiving Dock Liquid Powder Pellet Warehouse Liquid Powder Pellet Type of Exposure Exposure Information - Metal/Plastic Etching, Metal Plating Number of Workers Estimated Exposure Times Low= <1 hr, <50 days Med.= 1-4 hrs, 50*100 days High= >4 hrs, >100 days Physical Form Open or Closed System Comments Oral Dermal Inhalation (per plant) X XX XX XX XX XX 1-2 1-2 Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open Closed Low X Low X Low X Incidence low (spills) X X X Low X Low X Low X X Incidence low (spills, leakers) X X Plating, Etching Bath Liquid Powder Pellet QC (bath) Maintenance Disposal of Container X XX XX X X ? 1-2 1-2 1-2 Low Low X Low X Low X Low X Low X X Corrosive acids are present X X X Technically trained X Liquid Powder Pellet X XX XX Low X Low X Low X X X X 263 0 0 0 2 6 5 Exposure Information - Metal/Plastic Etching, Metal Plating Point of Contact Filter disposal rype of Exposure Oral Dermal Inhalation X Estimated Exposure Times Low= <1 hr, <50 days M ed .si-4 Number of hrs, 50-100 days Workers (per Hlgh= >4 hrs, >100 plant) days Liquid Physical Form Solid Aerosol Vapor Open or Closed System Open Closed Comments 1-2 Low X X Infrequent Rinse Tank Drying Inspection QC Packaging Installer X X X X ? Medium X ? Medium ? Medium ? Medium ? Low/Medium X X X Dried on surface X Dried on surface X Dried on surface 000266 264 Exposure nformation - E ectronic Etching Baths Point of Contact Type of Exposure Estimated Exposure Times Low= <1 hr, <50 days Med.= 1-4 hrs, 50-100 days Number of High >4 hrs, Workers >100 days Phys cal Form Open or Closed System Oral Dermal Inhalation (per plant) Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open Closed Comments Form ulator Receiving Dock QC Warehouse Purification QC Pre-mix Pail Disposal Filter QC Package Ship to Etcher X X X X X X X X X X 1-2? 1-2? 1-2? ? 1-2? 1-2? 1-2? ? ? Low Low Low Medium? Low Low Low Medium Medium Medium X X X X X X X X X X X Low incidence of spills. X Technically qualified Low incidence of X spills/ieakers X Technically qualified X X X X X 000267 Exposure Information - Electronic Etching Baths Point of Contact Type of Exposure Estimated Exposure Times Low= <1 hr, <50 days Med. 1-4 hrs, 50-100 days Number of H igh* >4 hrs, Workers >100 days Physical Form Open or Closed System Oral Dermal Inhalation {per plant) Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open Closed Comments Etcher Receiving Dock QC Warehouse Purification QC Pre-mix Pail Disposal Filter QC IPackage Ship to Etcher W X X X X X X X X X X 1-2? 1-2? 1-2? ? 1-2? 1-2? 1-2? ? ? Low X Low Low Medium? Low Low Low Medium Medium Medium X X X X X X X X X X Low incidence of spills. X Technically qualified Low incidence of X spills/leakers X Technically qualified X X X X X 000268 2,66 Distribution Chain This diagram represents the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview of the significant points where the 3M product may be handled and used. This distribution chain represents the typical use of the product line; not every product will go through each step. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace. 000269 267 Household Additive Distribution Chain 0002V0 268 Points of Contact The Points of Contact diagram details the path the product takes within the distribution chain starting with the arrival of 3M product at the 3M customer. This information was compiled from 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace based on 3M technical service/sales visits and general information from the customer interactions. 269 0 0 0 2 7 1 Points of Contact Formulator H ousehold Additives (cleaners, polish,) R eta il r C lea n er End Use Ship to Customer 0 0 0 2 7 2 270 R eta il L..........* ........ J P o lish End U se H ouseholds P o lish End U se Com m ercial 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information From the Points of Contact flow chart, each step in the customer use process is isolated. All information is based on the use and handling of 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point of Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Estimated Number of Workers: Indicates the number of workers who may have potential for exposure during used. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) of the product at time of exposure. Open or Closed System: Open system: is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Closed system: is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 271 0 0 0 2 7 3 Exposure Information - Household Additives Point of Contact Type of Exposure Oral Dermal Inhalation Receiving Spills QC Warehouse (spills) Staging (spills) Predilution Container Disposal Mixing Tank Maintenance QC Filling Packaging (leakers) Shipping (leakers) X X X X X X X X X X X X Number of W orkers (per plant) Estim ated Exposure Times Low * <1 hr., <50 days M ed.* 1-4 hrs, 50-100 days H igh* >4 hrs., >100 days n o i ivnown and variable Low Liquid Physical Form Solid Aerosol Vapor Open or Closed System Open Closed Comments X Infrequent Low X Low X Low X Medium Low Medium Low Low Medium Low X X X X X X X Low X Technically Qualified Infrequent Infrequent Technically Qualified Infrequent Infrequent 000274 Exposure Information - Household Additives Point o f Contact Cleaner-Users Household Janitorial (in-house) Contract Services Users Household Applier/Stripper Dry Janitorial (in-house) Applier/Stripper Maint, (buffing) Dry fype of Exposure Oral Dermal Inhalation X? X X? X? X X? X? X X? ?=Linsure of particle size X X? X X X? X X? X ? X X? ? Commercial Serv. applier/stripper Maint, (buffing) Diy X X? X X? X Nil X? ? Number of W orkers Estim ated Exposure Times Low <1 hr., <50 days Med.= 1-4 hrs, 50-100 days High >4 hrs., >100 days (per plant) Physical Form Open or Closed System Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open Closed Comments Low X X Medium X X High X X Fewer/greater freq. Great freq. Low High Medium Medium X dust X dust dust More freq. Than house High High X dust dust Sim. To janito. More freq. 0002V5 Point o f Contact Type of Exposure Oral Dermal Inhalation Exposure Information - Household Additives Number of W orkers E stim ated Exposure Times Low <1 hr., <50 days Med. 1-4 hrs, 50-100 days High >4 hrs., >100 days Physical Form Open or Closed System (per plant) Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open Closed Comments Cleaner Add to Water Removal from Solution Rinse End Use X Cleaner X. X X X X Low Low low High Medium X X X X X X X X X X 000276 Product Volumes and Use Patterns This summary is based on individual products. It is a description o f the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which exposure was assessed. The route of exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use or fluorochemical containing product in another product. Application: use of fluorochemical containing product to treat a substrate. End Use: use of treated substrate. Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold in 1997. (M-1000) Chemistry: Generic description of fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning o f this section. Amount o f Fluorochemical Present: The fluorochemical concentration in process or end use. % Residuals: Sum total of concentration of the mixture of fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where the product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes o f exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. 000277 275 Product Code Volum e FC S o lid s Process o r End Sold In Use 1997 Chem istry Product Volum es and Use Patterns A m ount FC Present % Resldu als Use Pattern M ost Likely Route of Exposure Commerc Consum Food Industrial lai er Dermal Inhalation Ingestion Environm ental Fate Landfill W aste Incinerati W ater on Treatment D irect W ater Com m ents HA-1 HA-1 HA-1 HA-1 HA-1 Formulator of cleaner Commercial Cleaner Formulator of commercial floor polish Applier/Stripper p o lis h X X X X X X X X XX XX X X XX X XX XX XX X XX M ajority o f use is co m m ercial cleaners. M ajo r use is co m m ercial 276 ooo'ys Product Code Volume FC Solids Process or End Sold In Use 1997 Chemistry Product Volumes and Use Patterns Amount FC Re%sldu Present als Use Pattern Most Likely Route of Exposure Commerc Consum Food Industrial la! er Dermal Inhalation Ingestion Environmental Fate Landfill W aste Incinerati W ater on Treatment D ire ct W ater Comments Formulator of HA-2 cleaner XX X XX HA-2 End use cleaner Formulator of HA-2 polish polish HA-2 applier/stripper HA-2 ro polish End Use XXX X X X X X X X low X X XX X XX XX X X XX 000279 Product Volumes and Use Patterns Product Code Volum e FC S o lid s Process o r End Sold In Use 1997 Chem istry Am ount FC Present % R e s ld u als Use Pattern M o st Likely Route of Exposure Commerc Consum Food Industrial ial er Derm al Inhalation Ingestion Environm ental Fate Landfill W aste Incinerati W ater on Treatm ent D ire ct W ater Com m ents HA-3 formulator HA-3 End use cleaner XX XX X X PO 00 000280 P rocess or End P roduct Code U se V o lu m e S old H A -6 F o rm u la to r o f p o lis h H A -6 H A -6 p o lis h a p p lie r/s trip p e r p o lis h en d u se P ro d u c t V o lu m e s a n d U se P a tte rn s C h e m istry Am ount FC P resent % R sid u a ls U se P a tte rn R o u te o f E xp o su re Commerc Consum Food Industrial lai er Dermal Inhalation Ingestion E n v iro n m e n ta l F a te Landfill W aste incinerati W ater on Treatment D irect W ater C o m m ents ? X lo w lo w lo w X XX H ouseh o ld -lo w J a n ito ria 1 Com m er XX c ia l S e rv ic e h ig h m ed iu m lo w X X X lo w /m e d X X h ig h iu m m e d iu m X XX ro i'voj 000281 Distribution Chain This diagram represents the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview of the significant points where the 3M product may be handled and used. This distribution chain represents the typical use o f the product line; not every product will go through each step. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace. 000282 280 Intermediates Distribution Chain 000283 281 Points of Contact The Points of Contact diagram details the path the product takes within the distribution chain starting with the arrival o f 3M product at the 3M customer. This information was compiled from 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace based on 3M technical service/sales visits and general information from the customer interactions. 000284 282 Points of Contact Reactor Intermediates Customer is a formulator that uses surfactants for end uses sim ilar to 3M , including surface treatment lik e 000285 283 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information From the Points of Contact flow chart, each step in the customer use process is isolated. All information is based on the use and handling of 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point of Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Estimated Number of Workers: Indicates the number of workers who may have potential for exposure during used. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) of the product at time of exposure. Open or Closed System: Open system: is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Closed system: is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 0OC26 284 * Exposure Information - Intermediates Point of Contact Reactor Type of Exposure Oral Dermal Inhalation Receiving X QC Warehouse X X Staging Reaction Vessels Container disposal Maintenance QC Package Ship to Customer X X X? X X X Number of Workers (per plant) Estimated Exposure Times Low= <1 hr., <50 days Med.a 1-4 hrs, 50-100 days High= >4 hrs., >100 days Phys cal Form Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open or Closed System Open Closed Comments 1-2 Low X X 1-2 Low X X 1-2 Low X X ? Low? XX ? Low? XX ? Low? XX 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X ? Low X Low X X Low incidence of spills, leakers Technically qualified Low incidence of spills, leakers Technically qualified Low incidence of spills Formulator - similar to formulators of household additives, AFFF, oil well surfactants, etc. End use - similar to household additives, AFFF, oil well surfactants, etc. 000287 285 Product Volumes and Use Patterns This summary is based on individual products. It is a description of the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which exposure was assessed. The route o f exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use or fluorochemical containing product in another product. Application: use of fluorochemical containing product to treat a substrate. End Use: use of treated substrate. Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold in 1997. (M-1000) Chemistry: Generic description of fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning o f this section. Amount of Fluorochemical Present: The fluorochemical concentration in process or end use. % Residuals: Sum total of concentration of the mixture of fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where the product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. 000288 286 Product Volumes and Use Patterns - Product Code Volum e FC S o lid s Process o r End Sold In Use 1997 Chem istry Amount FC Present % Resldu als Use Pattern M ost Likely Route of Exposure Commerc Consum Food Industrial lai er Dermal Inhalation Ingestion Environm ental Fate Landfill W aste Incinerati W ater on Treatment D irect W ater Com m ents IM-1 R e a cto r C h em ica l S yn th e sis IM -1 F o rm u la to r o f new m o le cu le IM-1 io\oj End use n/a X X XX XX X h a z a rd o u s X h a z a rd o u s X X XX 00V2SS Product Code Volum e FC Solids Process o r End Sold in Use 1997 Chem istry Product Volumes and Use Patterns A m ount FC Present % R s id u als Use Pattern M ost Likely Route of Exposure Food Commerc C on su m Industrial lai er Derm al Inhalation Ingestion Environm ental Fate Landfill Incinerati on W aste W ater Treatm ent D irec t W ater Com m ents IM -2 R e a c to r Form u lator C h e m ic a l S yn th esis F o rm u la to r o f n e w m o le cu le End use X X X XX X h azard o u s X X no CoOo 000290 Product Volumes and Use Patterns Product Code Volum e FC S o lid s Process o r End Sold in Use 1997 Chem istry Am ount FC Present % R s id u als Use Pattern M ost Likely Route of Exposure Food Commerc Con sum Industrial lai er D erm al Inhalation Ingestion Environm ental Fate Landfill Incinerali on W aste W ater Treatm ent D irec t W ater Com m ents C h em ical Synthesis reacted IM -3 into polymer C h em ic al IM -4 Synthesis C h em ic al IM -5 Synthesis IM -3 IM -4 IM - Formulator of 5 new molecule End use new molecule ?? ? ?? X high med? low hazardous 7? ? 7? ? XX high low low XX ? ? ? ? ? ? X ? ? X 289 0002SX Distribution Chain This diagram represents the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview of the significant points where the 3M product may be handled and used. This distribution chain represents the typical use of the product line; not every product will go through each step. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace. 000292 290 Coating Additives Distribution Chain 000293 291 ,* Coatings Distribution Chain 000294 Points of Contact The Points of Contact diagram details the path the product takes within the distribution chain starting with the arrival of 3M product at the 3M customer. This information was compiled from 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace based on 3M technical service/sales visits and general information from the customer interactions. 000295 Points of Contact Coating Additives and Inks 000296 Points of Contact Flnsher/End Use - Coating Additives and Inks 000297 295 Points of Contact Powder Additive Formulator 000298 296 Points of Contact Powder Additive - 2nd Formulator 9Q7 0 0 0 2 9 9 Points of Contact Coating QC -* QC 000300 298 Points of Contact C o a tin g 000301 299 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information From the Points of Contact flow chart, each step in the customer use process is isolated. All information is based on the use and handling of 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point o f Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Estimated Number of Workers: Indicates the number of workers who may have potential for exposure during used. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) of the product at time of exposure. Open or Closed System: Open system: is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Closed system: is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 300 0 0 0 3 0 2 Exposure Information - Coating Addltlves/lnks P o in t o f C o n tact FO R M ULATO R Type o f Exposure O ral D erm al Inh alatio n E stim ated E xp o su re T im es L ow = <1 hr., < 5 0 days; M e d = 1 -4 hrs., N u m b er o f 50-100 days; H lg h=>4 W orkers hrs, >100 days (p e r p lant) L iq u id P h ysical F orm S olid A e ro so l Vapor O pen o r C losed S ystem C om m ents O pen C losed X Low incidence o f spills R e c e iv in g QC W arehouse S ta g in g Pre-dilution C ontainer disposal M ixing QC Filling Packing Shipping X X X X X X X X X 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X ? ?X ? M edium X ? Low X ? M edium ? X ? Low X ? M edium ? X ? Low X ? Low X X X Technically qualified X Low incidence o f spills X Low incidence o f spills X X X X Technically qualified X X L ow incidence o f spills X Low incidence o f spills FIN IS H E R /E N D USER R e c e iv in g Q C v1 W arehouse X X X 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X Low incidence of leakers, X spills X Technically qualified Low incidence of X spiils/leakers A p p lic a tio n ' C u rin g Fjnl^hed product O CoO XX X? ? ? ? Low Low XX X XX X? X? X? X 000303 Exposure Information - Powder Additive Point o f C ontact Type of Exposure Oral Derm al Inhalation Number of W orkers Estim ated E xposure Tim es L o w s <1 h r., < 5 0 d ays, M ed.s 1-4 hrs., 50-100 d ays, H ig hs >4 h rs., >100 d ays Physical Form O pen o r Closed S y s te m (p er plant) Liquid Solid A ero so l V ap o r O pen C losed Com m ents Form ulator Receiving Dock QC W arehouse Staging M aster batching Container disposal Blending QC Filling Packing Shipping X X X X X X? X X X? XX X X? X X? X Low Low Low Low M ed iu m M ed iu m M ed iu m Low M ed iu m Low Low X X X X Powder X X X X Powder Powder Powder Powder Powder X Spills - Infrequent X Technically qualified Low incidence of X spills/leakers X Low incidence o f spills X X X X Technically qualified X Low Incidence of leakers Low incidence of leakers 000304 302 Exposure Information - Powder Additive P oint o f Contact 2nd Form ulator Type of Exposure Oral Derm al Inhalation Number of W orkers (p er plant) Estim ated E xp o su re Tim es L o w = <1 h r., < 50 days, M ed.= 1-4 hrs., 50-100 days, H ighs >4 hrs., >100 days L iq u id Physical Form Solid A erosol Vapor O pen o r C losed S y s te m O pen C losed Com m ents Receiving Dock QC W arehouse W eighing Mix Tank Fill Pack Ship XX XX XX X X? X Low Low Low M ed iu m M ed iu m M ed iu m M ed iu m Powder Powder Powder Powder X X X X Low incidence of spills X Technically qualified X Low incidence of spills X X X X End Use 1-2 Low Powder X Closed Container Spray Electrostatic XX M ed iu m M ed iu m XX 000305 Exposure Information - Coatings P o in t o f C ontact Type of Exposure Oral Derm al Inhalation Number of W orkers E stim ated Exposure T im es Low = <1 hr., < 50 d ays, M ed.= 1-4 h rs., 50-100 days, H ig h= > 4 hrs., >100 days P h ysical Form O pen o r C losed S y s te m (p e r plant) Liquid Solid A ero so l V a p o r O pen C lo sed Com m ents R e c e iv in g QC W arehouse Staging M ixin g Container Disposal QC Filling Packing Shipping R S tS b h o ld A p p lic a tio n Household - dry on floor Janitorial A p p lic a tio n X X X X X X X X X X X X X? X X X? 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X 1-2 Low X ?X ?X ?X ?X ?X ?X ?X Low X Low X Low M edium ? X X Low incidence of X spills X Technically qualified Low incidence of X spills/leakers X X X X X X X X X X X Dry on surface X XX 000306 3f)d Exposure Information - Coating Point of Contact *rype of Exposure Oral Dermal Inhalation Number of Workers (per plant) Estimated Exposure Times Lows <1 hr., <50 days, Med. 1-4 hrs., 50-100 days, High >4 hrs., >100 days Liquid Physical Form Solid Aerosol Vapor Open or Closed System Open Closed Comments Receiving (spills) QC Warehouse (spills) Coatings Drying Container Disp. QC Repair Spot Application Stripping Packing Appliance Assy. End Use X X X X X X X XX X X X X Low Medium Low ' High Low Medium Low Low Low Medium Low Low Low X X X X XX X X X XX XX X X X Infrequent infrequent X X X? 000307 Product Volumes and Use Patterns This summary is based on individual products. It is a description of the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which exposure was assessed. The route of exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use or fluorochemical containing product in another product. Application: use of fluorochemical containing product to treat a substrate. End Use: use of treated substrate. Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold in 1997. (M-1000) Chemistry: Generic description of fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning of this section. Amount of Fluorochemical Present: The fluorochemical concentration in process or end use. % Residuals: Sum total of concentration of the mixture o f fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where the product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes o f exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. 000308 306 Product Volumes and Use Patterns Product Code Volum e FC S o lid s Process o r End Sold In Use 1997 Chem istry Am ount FC Present % R s id u als Use Pattern M ost Likely R oute of Exposure Food Commerc C on su m Industrial lai er Derm al Inhalation Ingestion Environm ental Fate Landfill Incinerati on W aste W ater Treatm ent D ire c t W ater Com m ents CA-1 CA-1 Formulator of coating additive End use XX XXX X X X? CO o-0 O O CO CO * > Product Code Volum e FC Solids Process o r End sold in Use 1997 Chem istry Product Volumes and Use Patterns A m ount FC Present % Rsidu als Use Pattern M ost Likely Route of Exposure Food Commerc C o n su m Industrial lai er D erm al Inhalation Ingestion Environm ental Fate Landfill Incinerati on W aste W ater Treatm ent D ire c t W ater Com m ents C A -2 C A -2 End Use Wetting Agent C A -2 Formulator of coating additive C A -2 C A -2 End use O O o w Ho XX X X X X X? X X X X X XX UE Product Volumes and Use Patterns Product Code Process or End Use Volum e Sold Chem istry Amount FC Present % R e s id u a ls Use Pattern M ost Likely Route o f Exposure Food Industri Cornmer C o n s u m Inhalatio al dal er D erm al n Ingestion Environm ental Fate Landfill W ater Incinerali T reatm e on nt D irec t W ater Com m ents CA-3 Formulator of coating additives CA-3 Varied uses X X X X X XX 309 W H* Product Volum es and Use Patterns Product Code Process or End Use Volum e S o ld Chem istry Amount FC Present % R e s id u a ls Use Pattern M ost Likely Route of Exposure Food Industri Commar C o n su m Inhalatio al dal er Derm al n Ingestion Environm ental Fate Landfill W ater Incinerati T r e a tm e on nt D ire c t W ater Com m ents C A -4 CA-4 X X X X X XX to o o o w K0 Product Volumes and Use Patterns Product Code Process or End Use Volum e Sold Chem istry Amount FC Present % R e s id u a ls Use Pattern M o st Likely Route of Exposure Industri Commer C o n su m Inhalatio Food al dal er D erm al n Ingestion Environm ental Fate Landfill W ater Incinerali T r e a tm e on nt D ire c t W ater Com m ents C A -5 Formulator of coating additives CA-5 Applier of coating CA-5 Repair CA-5 C A -5 End Use Coating End Use Elect. Coating X X X X X X X XX XX X X XX X X >s> 000313 Product Volum es and Use Patterns Product Code Process or End Use Volum e Sold Chem istry Amount FC Present % R e s id u a ls Use Pattern M ost Likely Route o f Exposure Food industri Commer C o n su m inhalatio al dal er D erm al n Ingestion Environm ental Fate Landfill W ater Incinerali T r e a tm e on nt D irec t W ater Com m ents CA-6 CA-B Tile protector formulator Tile protector end use CA-6 Formulator of masonry concrete stucco marble coating CA-6 CA-6 End user applier End use XX Possib le? XX X X X X X X X XX X X XX 000314 Distribution Chain This diagram represents the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview of the significant points where the 3M product may be handled and used. This distribution chain represents the typical use of the product line; not every product will go through each step. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace. 000315 313 Carpet Spot Cleaner Distribution Chain 000316 Product Volumes and Use Patterns This summary is based on individual products. It is a description of the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which exposure was assessed. The route of exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use or fluorochemical containing product in another product. Application: use of fluorochemical containing product to treat a substrate. End Use: use of treated substrate. Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold in 1997. (M-1000) Chemistry: Generic description of fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning of this section. Amount of Fluorochemical Present: The fluorochemical concentration in process or end use. % Residuals: Sum total of concentration of the mixture of fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where the product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. 000317 Product Volumes and Use Patterns Product Code Process or End Use Volume Sold Chemistry Amount FC Present % Residuals Use Pattern MostiLikely Route of Exposure Industri Commer C o n su m Inhalatio nF o o d al dal er Dermal In g e s tio n Environmental Fate Landfill W ater Incinerali T r e a tm e on nt D irect W ater Comments CC-1 Formulator of alkaline cleaner CC-1 Contract fill manufactur er CC-1 End Use: Cleaner CO -- cn XX X XX X XX XX X 000318 Distribution Chain This diagram represents the path the 3M product takes from the time it leaves 3M to its ultimate end use. It represents an overview o f the significant points where the 3M product may be handled and used. This distribution chain represents the typical use of the product line; not every product will go through each step. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace. 000319 317 > Insecticide Distribution Chain 000320 Points of Contact The Points of Contact diagram details the path the product takes within the distribution chain starting with the arrival of 3M product at the 3M customer. This information was compiled from 3M internal knowledge of the marketplace based on 3M technical service/sales visits and general information from the customer interactions. t 000321 Points of Contact Insecticides 000322 320 A 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information From the Points of Contact flow chart, each step in the customer use process is isolated. All information is based on the use and handling of 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point of Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route o f exposure with an "X". Estimated Number of Workers: Indicates the number of workers who may have potential for exposure during used. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) o f the product at time of exposure. Open or Closed System: Open system: is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Closed system: is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 000323 321 *1 Point of Contact Type of Exposure Oral Dermal Inhalation Exposure Information - Insecticides Number of W orkers Estimated Exposure Times Low * <1 hr, <50 days; Med.= 1-4 hrs., 50-100 days; High* >4 hrs., >100 days (per plant) Liquid Physical Form Solid Aerosol Vapor Open or Closed System Open Closed Comments Receiving dock QC W arehouse Mixing Tank Container Disposal Maintenance QC Filling Packing Shipping IC -2 Mixing Tank Fill Package Distributors End UseAgriculture X X X X X X X X X 1-2 Low XX 1-2 Low XX 1-2 Low XX ? Medium? XX ? Low? XX ? Low? X 1-2 Low? X ? Low X ? Low X ? Low? X ? Low? X ? Low? X ? Low X Low X Low incidence of X spills/leakers Technically X qualified Low incidence of X spills X CNJ C\J CO X X X X X X X X X Placed in isolated X locations 000324 Point of Contact Exposure Information - Insecticides Type of Exposure Oral Dermal Inhalation Number of W orkers Estim ated Exposure Times Low=<1 hr, <50 days; Med.=1-4 hrs, 50-100 days; High >4 hrs., >100 days Physical Form Open or Closed System (per plant) Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open Closed Comments Retail Household Bait trap Low Low X X Bait trap closed X system Bait trap closed X system IC-1 Retail Household Bait trap Low Low X X Balt trap closed X system Balt trap closed X system 323 000325 Product Volumes and Use Patterns This summary is based on individual products. It is a description of the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which exposure was assessed. The route of exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use or fluorochemical containing product in another product. Application: use of fluorochemical containing product to treat a substrate. End Use: use of treated substrate. Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold in 1997. (M-1000) Chemistry: Generic description of fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning of this section. Amount of Fluorochemical Present: The fluorochemical concentration in process or end use. % Residuals: Sum total o f concentration o f the mixture of fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sector where the product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Most Likely Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route o f exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. 000326 324 v Product Volumes and Use Patterns P roduct Code V o lu m e FC S o lid s P ro ce ss o r E nd S o ld In Use 1997 C h e m is try Am ount FC P resent % R esld u a ls U se P attern M o st L ik e ly R o u te o f E xposure Food Commerc C o n s u m Industrial ial er Derm al Inhalation Ingestion E n v iro n m e n ta l F ate Landfill Incinerati on W aste W ater Treatm ent D ire c t W ater C om m ents IC -1 Form uiator o f In s e c tic id e X X hazardous X IC -1 End u se-bait trap X low low low X X CtcvOnj * P roduct Code V o lu m e FC S o lid s P ro cess o r E nd S o ld in Use 1997 C h e m is try Product Volumes and Use Patterns Am ount FC P resent % R sid u a ls U se P attern M o s t L ik e ly R o u te o f E xposure Food Commerc C o n su m Industrial ial er Derm al Inhalation Ingestion E n viro n m en tal F ate Landfill Incinerati on W aste W ater Treatm ent D irec t W ater C om m ents IC -2 Form ulator o f In s e c tic id e IC -2 In s e c tic id e X X X XX D isposal is direct to lan d , ea ten by le a f cu tter ants. Low 326 000328 Paper and Packaging Business Fluorochemical Use, Distribution and Release Overview 2/12/99 V 000329 327 Foreword This report is a comprehensive look at exposure to 3M's fluorochemicals in Paper and Packaging business. It attempts to answer the following questions. What products are customers exposed to? Where does exposure happen? What type o f exposure is it? The 3M fluorochemical business is complex and global. Markets served are highly fragmented involving multiple 3M products that are applied to multiple substrates, sold into multiple market segments and used for multiple end products. S o u rc e s Information for this report was developed solely from internal 3M sources. These include: Knowledge o f product handling and use practices from field sales and technical personnel. Best estimates o f end-use applications from known customer activities. Internal sales reports. Knowledge o f worldwide activities (where applicable) by St Paul-based personnel. H ow To R ead T his R eport Situation A nalysis: Provides background on business and products. D istrib u tio n C h a in an d Points of C ontact: Follows the path of a 3M fluorochemical throughout the distribution chain to final end user. Objective is to identify all points o f contact with the fluorochemical - from arrival on customer's loading dock through product usage and disposal. E xposure In fo rm a tio n C harts: Attempts to quantify type and length of exposure and number of workers exposed to fluorochemicals within the distribution chain. 2/12/99 -, > 000330 328 I. Chemical Names Table of Contents IL Situation Analysis A. Business Dfinition B. Product Portfolio C. Market Definition D. Customer Definition E. Fluorochemical application Methods F. U.S. Paper Mill Locations G. Global Product Volumes (1997) III. Exposure Information A. Supply Chain Flow Chart B. Process Flow Chart C. Tote/Drum Recovery Cycle Flow Chart D. Product Volumes and Use Patterns E. 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information 2/12/99 000331 329 Chemical Names The following is a list o f Chemical Abstract Services (CAS) names and numbers for individual products. The following information is presented: Generic Code: Indicates an internal 3M designation o f the produces). CAS Number: Indicates the Chemical Abstracts Services number(s) of fluorochemicals contained within each product. Chemical Name (complete CAS name or IUPAC names if CAS name does not exist): Indicates the Chemical Abstracts Services name(s) of fluorochemicals contained within each product. Chemical Class: Indicates a shortened, generic chemical name. 000332 330 Chemical Names Generic Code CAS Number Chemical Name (complete CAS name or 1UPAC name if CAS name does not exist) Chemical Class Paper and Packaging 30381-98-7 1-Octanesulfonamide, N,N'-[phosphinicobis(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)]bis[N-ethyl1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-, ammonium salt Fluorochemical Salt-1 P P -1.P P -2, 67969-69-1 1-Octanesulfonamide, N-ethyl-1,1 ,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-N-[2(phosphonooxy)ethyl]-, diammonium salt Fluorochemical Salt-2 PP-3 1691-99-2 1-Octanesulfonamide, N-ethyl-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro-N-(2hydroxyethyl)- Fluorochemical Alcohol-1 PP-4, PP-5 2250-98-8 92265-81-1 1-Octanesulfonamide, NlN',N"-[phosphinylidynetris(oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)] tris[N-ethyl1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro- Ethanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-2-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy]-, chloride, polymer with 2ethoxyethyl 2-propenoate, 2-[[(heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl]methylamino] ethyl 2-propenoate and oxiranylmethyl 2-methyl-2-propehoate Fluorochemical Alcohol-2 Fluorochemical Aerylate-14 PP-6, PP-7 000333 Situation Analysis P aper and Packaging Business Business Definition The PCP Paper and Packaging Business Unit provides fluorochemical sizing agents to two broad industry categories: the Packaging Industry and the Paper Industry. The fluorochemical sizing agents impart grease, oil, and water resistance to paper and paperboard substrates, which are used for a number of end use applications that include: * Flexible or lightweight papers primarily for bags, wraps and micro flute containers. * Board made from recycled fiber used for folding cartons. * Solid bleached board for folding cartons. * Molded pulp products for plates and food containers. * Formulators that blend FC 's with other agents, such as varnishes and lacquers, and sell to the converting industry. * Business and specialty papers for carbonless forms and masking papers. Product Portfolio The product portfolio includes products regulated for direct food contact (under CFR 176.170) and non-food contact products. Food Contact Products fRegulated for direct food contact) PP-1 Grease and oil repellent Ammonium bis(N-ethyl-2-perfluoroalkylsulfonamido ethyl) phosphates PP-2 Grease, oil and water repellent Perfluoroalkyl acrylate copolymer of ethanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-2-[(2-methyl-loxo-2-propenyl)-oxo}-, chloride; 2-propenoic acid, 2 methyl-, oxiranylmethyl ester; 2propenoic acid, 2-ethoxyethyl ester; and 2-propenoic acid, 2[[(heptadecafluorooctyl)sulfonyl] methyl amino] ethyl ester. Non-Food Contact Product PP-3 Water and solvent repellent Perfluoroalkyl acrylate copolymer of 2-propenoic acid, 2 methyl-, polyoxyethylene (3350) diester; and 2-propenoic acid, 2[[(heptadecafluoro- octyl)sulfonyl] methyl amino] ethyl ester. 2/12/99 000334 332 Market Definition The Paper and Packaging business unit defines it markets by the following segments: ~ Lightweight papers - Recycled paperboard (CCN) -- Bleached paperboard (SBS) - Unbleached paperboard (SUS) - Formulators (Coatings) -- Business papers (carbonless forms) - Molded pulp (paper plates) Fluorochemicals are sold into each of these market segments. Customer Definition The Paper and Packaging sales channel includes paper mills, converters, end users, and formulators. The definition of each customer within the channel is: A. Paper mills - use fluorochemicals to treat paper fibers during the paper or paperboard manufacturing process. B. Converters - convert fluorochemically treated paper and/or paperboard into wraps, bags, cartons, etc., for desired end use. C. End users --specify or use fluorochemically treated paper or paperboard for use in their paper or package requirements. D. Formulators - blend fluorochemicals with other agents, such as varnishes and lacquers, and market coatings that can be applied to paper and paperboard during the converting process. Fluorochemical Application Methods Fluorochemicals can be applied to paper and paperboard substrates during the manufacturing process or converting operation, using different application methods: Paper Mill The application points for the fluorochemical at the paper mill can include: --Wet end of the paper machine --Size press --Calender stack -- Clay coating Converter or Off-Machine Coating Operation Fluorochemical can be applied using various types of coating or printing equipment. Approximately 95% of the fluorochemicals used in the paper and packaging industry^are applied during the papermaking process at the paper mill. It is estimated that 73% of the fluorochemical used by US paper mills is applied via the size press. 2/12/99 000335 333 000336 Global Product Volumes The table on the following page provides the global volume of 3M fluorochemical sold in the Paper and Packaging business (in 1997) and the estimated breakdown by application process used. Volume information is compiled using 1997 annual shipments and 3M sales and technical personnel best estimates of application methods. Fluorochemcial usage is reported by application method, product family, and geographic region. The product volumes are reported in M (000's) pounds of product solids. Application Method SP - size press on the paper machine CS - calender stack on the paper machine CC - clay coating applied during paper making process WE - wet end of the paper machine FM - formulator OM - off-machine coating operations Product Family The complete chemical description for each of these products is listed in the Situation Analysis under Product Portfolio. PP-1 Grease and oil repellent - FC aliphatic ammonium salt. PP-2 Grease, oil and water repellent - FC copolymer. PP-3 Water and solvent repellent - FC copolymer for business papers. Geographic Region United States Europe Canada Latin America Asia Pacific (APAC) 2/12/99 000337 335 000338 336 Exposure Assessment Paper and Packaging Business The Exposure information in Paper and Packaging follows the path of a 3M fluorochemical throughout the distribution chain from product shipment from a 3M manufacturing location to disposal of the FC treated paper or paperboard. The "Overall Flow Chart" provides a picture of the distribution chain and identifies potential sources of environmental or industrial hygiene exposure. Potential sources of exposure to the product in concentrated or diluted form is identified in "Tote/Drum Recovery Cycle" and "Supply Chain Flow Chart" diagrams. The "Paper Mill Process Flow Chart" provides additional information in regards to potential chemical exposure to workers in the paper mill. The information contained in this section was developed solely from internal 3M sources. The knowledge of product handling and use practices from technical and field sales personnel was integral to this development. 2/12/99 000339 337 Paper and Packytfif Saaptv Chain Flow C hart cm hm u The supply chain flow chart illustrates the fluorochemical product delivery to the m ill, use in the m ill process to make fluorochemical treated paper or paperboard, followed by converting to a useful roll size. Additionally, the m ill converted rolls are shipped to a "converter" that produces a useful package construction (eg. multi-wall bags). The converter ships empty packages to the end user for filling or use. The filled bags are shipped to points o f distribution (eg. stores) to be sold to consumers. During this process, the potential for release or contact occurs at the mill (eg. air, water, scrap paper, product contact), at the converter (eg. scrap for recycle), at the end user (eg. scrap), and at the consumer (eg. waste, product contact). The supply chain represents the typical use o f the product, not every product will go through each step. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge o f the marketplace. (Full page "Supply Chain Flow Chart" follows on the next page). 000340 338 Paper and Packaging Supply Chain Flow Chart Olher losses (x) GJ CO VO Lost t o Air (x) Filters Scrubbers Ducts Shielding Potential maintenance exposure (x) Lost to Air (x) Lost to Ground Water (x) A Lost t o Air (x) Potential exposure: maintenance Slitter dust Slitter and process dust 'pW End User P Consumer Landfill AA Incinerator by-product (ash) Incineration ------ A-- ,,Lost to Air (x) Fluorochemical from recycled (x) Potential Loss to Sewer -fines -foam -tank washes -spills -bad batches -grade changes -breaks Clarifier / settling pond 'PW Clarifier by-product (sludge) T Waste Water Environment Municipal Treatment I. Fluorochemical Lost to Environmental Water (x) Recycled ftfift'l/. 1 Totes o f fluorochemical product arrive at the paper m ill receiving dock and are stored in designated areas. For use in treating paper w ebs, each tote is moved near the makedown area for pumping to a tank, h i som e cases, direct pumping o f the fluorochemical to a size press operation occur. T he fluorochemical is typically applied in a 0.5 to 1% (fluorochemical w/w) concentration in a starch/water solution. After the paper web is treated, the w ater is evaporated via numerous steam heated dryer cans and collected on a reel. The reel is then transported to a converting line, where the parent reel is slit down to a converting size roll for shipment to the converter. For wet end applications, the fluorochemical product is directly pumped to the pulp slurry prior to forming (either molded pulp or paper machine). Forming is the process o f retaining fibers and draining water to form a usable article or web. Following the forming the manufacturing process includes pressing and drying, similar to that described above. Molded articles do not have a converting operation. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle fluorochemical products. (Full page "Paper Mill Process Flow Chart" follows on the next page). 000342 340 Paper and Packaging Paper Mill Process Flow Chart Lost to air (X) 99% of fluorochemical Lost to Air (X) 000343 a0finSlld<aiSSStBS Totc/Dnim Recovery Tvcle Flow C h a rt ! bmwH In the tote/drum recovery cycle, totes or drums are distributed to the m ill where the fluorochemical product is used in the noted paper mill process. A fter the product has been consumed in the process, the tote or drum is returned to 3M or sent to a contract vendor for cleaning. The bottom o f the empty tote or drum could contain an inch o f residue as leftover product. The totes or drums that are cleaned at the contract vendor are returned to the 3M for reuse. (Full page "Tote/Drum Recovery Cycle Flow Chart" follows on the next page). 000344 Paper and Packaging Tote/Drum Recovery Cycle Flow Chart Loss to Air (x) Totes/drums > delivered to customer cJc5oo. Loss to Air (x) 000345 Product Volumes and Use Patterns The Product Volume and Use Patterns is based on individual products. It is a description of the application, chemistry, use pattern, exposure and environmental fate. Product Code: Generic product description. Application, Process or End Use: The perspective from which exposure was assessed. The route o f exposure, the concentration of fluorochemical, the use pattern and the environmental fate may vary with application process or end use - products can be used for more than one application. Generally the following definitions apply: Process: use of fluorochemical containing product in another product. Application: use of fluorochemical contain in g product to treat a substrate End Use: use o f treated substrate Volume FC Solids Sold in 1997: Pounds of fluorochemical solids sold in 1997. (M=1000) Chemistry: Generic description of fluorochemical ingredients. Full chemical names are listed at the beginning of this section. % Residuals: Sum total of concentration of the mixture of fluorochemicals that are unreacted or partially reacted starting materials or intermediates. Use Pattern: Indicates the major sectors where product is used; food, industrial, commercial, and consumer. Route of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Environmental Fate: Identifies the most likely disposal route for the product; landfill, incineration, waste water treatment, and directly to water. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 000346 344 Product Code Process or End Use Global Volume Sold Chemistry % Residuals PRODUCT VOLUMES AND USE PATTERNS Use Pattern Route of Ex posure Environmental Fate PP-1 Size Press Calendar PP-1 Stack Clay PP-1 Coating PP-1 Wet End PP-1 Formulator PP-1 Off Machine industri Commerci C o n su m tnhalatio Food at al er Dermal n In g e s tio n Landfill W aste W ater Incineration T r e a tm e n t D ir e c t W a te r X X scrap recycled from application scrap from X X recycled application X X scrap recycled from application scrap from X X recycled application XX from application scrap from X X recycled application Comments PP-2 Size Press Calendar PP-2 Stack PP-2 Wet End PP-3 Off Machine X X scrap recycled appflriocmation scrap from X X recycled application scrap from X X recycled application 4 scrap from X X recycled application Finished Paper or Goods Paperboard Finished Goods Paper PP-1 or PP-2 PP-3 XX X 000347 X X 345 XX X XX See FDA risk assessment 3M Fluorochemical Exposure Information From the Supply Chain flow chart, each step in the customer use process is isolated in the Point of Contact chart. All information is based on the use and handling of 3M fluorochemicals, materials containing 3M fluorochemicals and articles treated with 3M fluorochemicals. The following information is presented: Point of Contact: Describes individual steps in the use pattern. Type of Exposure: Identifies three potential routes of exposure; ingestion, dermal, and inhalation. Marks the most likely route of exposure with an "X". Estimated Number of Workers: Indicates the number of workers who may have potential for exposure during used. Estimated Exposure Time: Indicates the amount of time that workers potentially may be exposed during use. Physical Form: Indicates the physical state (liquid, solid, aerosol, or vapor) of the product at time of exposure. Open or Closed System: Open system: is defined as one that allows workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Closed system: is defined as one that, under normal conditions, does not allow workers to come in direct contact with 3M fluorochemical. Comments: Provides additional descriptive information. This information is based on 3M internal knowledge and best estimates on how customers handle 3M fluorochemical products. Information was compiled from available 3M sources including sales, technical service, marketing and regulatory expertise. 00034 8 347 Point of Contact Chart - Mill Point of Contact Paper Mill Typeof Ex COO c 5 Number of Workers ExposureTimes Physical Form Open or Closed System Comments Oral Derm al Inhalation (per line) Hrs/D ay D a y s /Y e a r <1 Low <50 Low 1-4 c medium 50-100 medium >4 a High > 100 High Liquid Solid Aerosol Vapor Open C lo s e d Loading Dock Mix Preparation Direct Metering Batch Metering X X X 1L 1L 1M LX HX HX Very low, only If spilled. X Concentrated product X Concentrated product X Concentrated product Application Size Press Calender Stack Clay Coating Wet End Off Machine Dryer Section Maintenance X X X 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 L L L L L L M HX MX MX MX MX H XX LX X XX X X X X X Dilute product P P -1, P P -2, P P -3 PP-1 P P -1, steam vapor PP-1 PP-1, PP-2 P P -3 Potential volatilized residuals. ' Converting Inspection X 4L H X X 1M H X X X 000349