Document omJ0y1O25gYLdYK4b7nNXEMo8

>/ s. O X t p U 'J x.f,Vyra h * < - *1/ "|f Jj ,, ';} f .; ^il . " 11 ---aa---- - -M--a-R--O--F-A-C--T-U--S--B---A-TjID--B-S--E---O--P---P--I-G--iT--H--T--S- y w. a* Sisplsla /fjg' V V*'/'i Bhita Lead Carbonate was uesd by the ancients! was called Cerussa* oarbonat* of leed found la aaall quantities in Europe* Old Butch Process discerned by Strating about 1600 AO* Patented in England in 1622* Uads first by Sbenda-ldlLUas Co* at Chicago in 1910* liotallie lead in shape ef disks or buckles 6" in disaster placed in pots containing weak Acetic Acid in reosaasd hottest pi!*d up in "stacks"! pets covered with Tan berk* remain in "stack* 220 days! Carbonic Acid generated fron San hark sad Acid -vapors corrode the natal into Oasie lead Carbonate with dhcadoal gain of about 2$* Corroded pipsaat is sashed* purified to separate txnoorroded lead particles* dried and ground into a dry powder for use by paint nanufacturora Ehite lead was naxksted for Bouse Painting* ground in Oil 9l lead - 9% Oil/ or 87I Load* 1# Oil end 2f> Turpentine ms a salt paste* liieh ef such Lead in Oil is swde by passing the wet pulp laud directly fron the washing tubs into a pulper end adring with Oil by a prowess which forces the water cut* thus avoiding drying and grinding exponas* Quick Process lead first developed as chamber process - Sir* Jones Creed in 1849* Carter Prooees patented in 1089* G--W began rwnufseturw at Chicago in 1921* Metallic Lead -'waited* staslxod* placed in large cylinder treated with diluted Acetic Acid end C&rbanio Acid Gee* Process requires eight.days usd chesloel gsin is 2j Generally lighter* slighter specific gravity than Old Xkttch* ' (1919) . . w&rr. - . Electrolytic Process "Anaconda* lead plates ms anodes suspended in solu tion f Sodium Carbonate* :Electric current is spiled* Load Carbonate is formed* Shis process produces m Lead which la brilliantly Ehite and very fine in particles* - PrecipitatedBoston lead is wade by treating a basis Load Acetate solution with Carbon Bioxide Gass* The process is readily controlled at all stages tad results In Carbonate ofgnuotsr unifonolty* fineness and generally vfeiter than other netinda* Efalte Lead is one ef the tooat opaque Ehite pigments that is in nest ooosm use vdiexv ever Ehite'pigBent of donee covering quality is required* Bead chiefly for Outside Bouse Paints* Zt is indispensable in beat quality paints used for this purpose* . . lead Sulphate* bade car subllmsd Load* wi patented by lends in 2879* Lead Ore nixed with! powdered anthroolte eoal reduced and volatilised in a closed fUrsacst fanes are condensed end collected in fabric bags* Vary similar in.geasr&l qualities and use to Lead Carbonate axoept that it is less poisonous and sore resistant to blackening action fron sulphurous gases* Stfblined Bine Lead produced in vsiOh the ante way es Lead Sulphate* is practically inert in Linseed Oilf not affected ly sulphuric gososi eooupiea e place among Bust Inhibitors* tins Oxide discovered by Curtois in France la 1?82* LsClair in 134$ found sothod to use it for Oil Paints* French Process - vapors given off fron burning Zinc L'etal In currant ef alri fames condensed sad powders collected in closed chanters* Aucrloan Process - Betherlll patent in 1S6* Zina Ore burned with powdered anUireoits rwduosd and volatilised in closed furnace! fossa eaodeassd and pewdsr collected in begs* 0007-SWP-000007362 l ' ' 2 * . Oxide wry White colors French Process generally Whiter than ADorioMu Degrees Whiteness expressed as Bed.-Seal* Oraan Seal or BSP (coloring Whitest grade). Both Anorieeh aad French Process Zina Oxides net affeetod by abnoapherie eases* Was usod largely In Saansls and la the rubber ladustsy as aa oxidising agent* Zinc oxide first used la Owes Palate la eoribia&tiea with White Led to eouater-eet the chalking tendency of Lead* Leaded Zincs first aaomfaetured at Sbenda-Williaas Company at Ceffsyvllle in 1?04* Produced trm Ores of Zinc aad Lead Sulphide* They ere wlxsd s&th pondered enthrocite end reduoed end volatilised in closed furnace* fuses pees through eondenaeri ponders eolleated In begs* Proportions of Lead Sulphate range front lCfcl 2$i 35?;** mn* $QJt# halenee of Zlno Oxide* Whiteness of eolor genenly inferior to Zine Oxide* Chief use as ingredient for Exterior House Feists* - Zine Sulphide nede hy passing hydrogen Sulphide Case throwsolution of Zino Sul phide* Use good opacity! waxy fine oolori used owmnly ia enamels, lacquers and . tinlltr products requiring dense severing eapaoity* Tltanlua Pimentel First attsapt to use it as pigncnt wee credited to J. W* fyl&ad in England w69* net developed definitely as Hhite Pipaoitt until by Dr* Boss! of Titanium Alloy Coepaqy* Klegara Falls* la 3908* For a tine aaterial was aado firon Florida sonde but new primary eeuree la ZUaonlte* a alaarel found in India* chiefly 4T?C Iron*. gjjt Titsaim Dioxide* Chaaleal traatnmt rename Zxea aad pure T102 remains* Paduoed grade* are naAeted under nans of Titanox 0* 2gf T102{ 7&S Basina Suphate and Titaaax Cl 25JC Ti02{ 756C Calciwn Sulphate* Tltsniua pipaenta ere all extrenely fiaei brilliantly White* Inert to cll;;paiat* varnish aad laequer ingredients* Chief use for -Outside Bouse Palnt*:'eKHM]s*|leequers* rt&ber end. ooated papers ; - Lithapane patented lB'~Zng3s>d:;^^^^4S;;Fir8tL^.;^egmf)Botuged la Sbenda-ttlllians Co* - Chicago 3917 and CoffVyville Plenbeetelliehod ial?31* Otx*s Hhite* Zino Sulphide preeipiteted with Derlua Sulpbatei i<3uedeal changes 'result la ocegMsition about yo line Sulphate and 70 Borltst Sulphide*Tbere ere other fame of Calclist Lithepons* TitssLon Llthopaae and higb etmegtti Lilhopanea CoBeta^tiea now exoeade all other White pijpeesfca. Chief uee la for Interior Fist Well Falstsi ms largely usod for shade cloth* linolom* -White Buliber* paper costing aad printing lake* Inert or Peinforclag Flmartsafaiar taridd.es are used in paint industry* cost laportent of vfeleh ax* berltai Sulphate (Barytas)I Uagneeiun Silicate (Asbestine) 1 Silica (Silex)| Aliadaa (China Olay) and Calaiiss Carbonate (Whiting)* Barytesla nade by grinding Orel (fond chiefly in tHseourll ArksnsasI iraonesseei beat Virginia and Forth Corolinai) then moving . inpurities la ea sold bath* washing aad bolting tbs poader* It is wheelcally ateblei use ehlcfly to dilute high oolored er expensive ; pigaaafes* . . Asbestine llseaeslua Silloote rook Is ground* purified and . bolted er alr^floated* Died la aoderat* proportion it is fluffy and this keeps It in suspension paints* , Silica rock is crushed* ground* purified and bolted or sirfloated* Hood largely In fillers and is flattaaing agent la mil eoatiags aad traffle lias paints* 0007-SWP-000007363 i. 11 3 China Clay Alundm reek la crushed, ground* washed and flretad Very inexpensive used la Freight Cur Paints and other low prloed paints* Thlting Aa Calcine Carbonate fire* the chalk cliffs of the last Coset of England is the boat course* Orouad, washed* floated in enter and dried* Tint uae la in Putter and ae a extender for expensive pigsente* Barth Colors peso dean to us fm ancient tinea* Are eolered Minerals or natural ddpoeite utilised as plgeauts after grinding and ptiritying* Iren Oxide in Bad* Branca or Purple uasd ehelfly for Freight Oar Faints* koof Painta and fiazn end Bouse Palate* eto* Vary in eolor fras light Venetian Bed to Dark Broun or Beep Hurecn* Octree ere Yellow Iran Oxide need chiefly In Tallow Freight Car end Bam Paints* . . Sienna used chiefly for tinting pc&nta end enanels* Raw* light Heutral fellow producing Ivory and Tna tints* Burnt rich Radish Brown color used for tinting and stains* ` ' 1 - ttahor chiefly used as tinting plpuext* marl a dark Bnu with'tinge of drear or Olive* Burnt*, vexo^ dark Broun tint* Bed loed and Orangc Ittnaral are Bex Oxides famed by oxidising Lead exposed to lev beat ia'sfgas^fusnaoet used chaifly as coating for nstsl surfaces* - .. - ; f-V'P ` ;' . Blaek ln the fom of sootfrinflrec is perhaps the earliest pijpaant know* lawn black Made byChinescfroB tine Isnataerial by burning oil In larqps with lnsuffl- ' lent air supply* "fiV - ' ' ' - ' . - , Carton Black Made froM gase first in this country la 1864* --Bone-or Fine BlacksMade Area burning cuttings In oloeed " . ' retorts* grinding and refining tbs charred residue* " - ~ .lacp and Cartas Bisks were pmetioally pure Cartast had very lew cpcoifle gravity, oil absorption of tinting strength vary high! first used for paints* cnsaole* laequcre* printing inks end subbar* Pry Colors first Bade by Sherrin-lTIlllsas Ceoposy at Cleveland in 18?6* Bovod to Chicago for such larger plant in 1903* Tlltraaarine Blue first Beds by Christian Gumlln at Paris in 1828* Bade byfining together *.Sinln*godlx Sulphate* Sodium Carbonate* Sulphide Coal* ate* Used in painta* aaanels* lacquers, printing inks* coated papers* eto* Prussian. Chinese or Iren Blue first discovered by Diesbeoh in Berlin in 1710* shervin-KlUlaas first ecumeetien with dry colors througi Leris Beiger h Sous, ltd* the begin Manufacture ef Prussian Blue In lendon in 1780* Prussian Blue is Bade by a precipitating of a solution of Soluble Iron Salt with a solution of Potassiun or Bodiun Forrocyanlda and subsaquMat oxidation of the preoipitato* The principle uses are for paints* enensle* laoqusrs* printing inks and costed papers* ------------- ------- -- -- 0007-SWP-000007364 m 4- _B_b_io__o am node both tuagstated and noa-tongstated types* Ha* eacoellast strength, brilliant eelor, parnaaenoe and fast-to-light* Hon-tungstatod ly lntmduoed in England ac Itanastral Blue or Beliogaa in Genauy, la the outstanding addition to color manufacture in tha past century* A11*11 Bine used by printing acmfaotarars for toning up Blseka and oartain Blue idea* Victoria Blue tmgststed Bloa $yet vary brilliant and stable to allcall* Ylelat-Panaanant Methyl Violet praoipitatad dye stuff with fhesphotuttgstie Aoid* usad for printing inks* Chroma Yellows fast developed about 1800* Made by precipitating eolation of Lead Soli with, soluble lead Chromate* Has very permanent and rust inhibit!v fine Tailors is made by using Zino instead ef n lead base* Chief use is for paints, enamels, laevwrs, printing ink# paper coatings and floor coverings* Perteanaa Yellow and# by ooupliag asta nitre pare teluidine with aoeto acetanilide* . ' Superior te cliraae of Zino Yellows in porasnsnoe and three or four tines its tinctorial strength aai very resistant te aoid and afeali* -' - Chrome Orson first made in Frame is 3838 by a eenfeiaatiaa of specially prepared 'Prussian Blues with Chrase Yellow* There ere too general types* Acetate node with Aoetate Aoid and Sltrate node with the Yellows that they contained* First chief use is for house paints, entasis, laoquers, printing inks, floor oeveriags, etc* . ChroasOxlds Greene ere very panaansat and used where nest penmaont Green color is required* .. ^;: ::. : '' : v " . Solfast Preen Toners - heels dry stuff node with phosapho-tuagstie soid* Very 'brilliant in eolor with high tinotorial strength and good pexnoneneo* . Organic Pods -- Use liellat Oye discovered by: Sir Fillian B* Perkin, vhe in England in 106$ aade a Koine lye used,to dye silk for e dress for Queen Victoria* For this ha was knighted* Fra* this disoovery has followad a vary vide range of siqr eolore sndo by most complicated dhonical processes* - . Faro Bads are a precipitated solution of diasotlsod Fare Hitreailino by Beta Haphthol* Tha Light Fora is produced by ooupliag Form Hitreniline with Beta Haphthoi* The dark is produoed by replacing 10of the Beta Saphthol vdth Mono Aoid* These Bods have good panaanonoe te li^zt and eanellsot sorering paver* Are used in moderate priced Bed Francis, etot but the uee la restricted in lacquers on aoeout ofl the bleeding tendency, . Teluidine Bed is produced by ooupliag Beta Vitro Farm Teluidine with Beta Saphthol* it is lighter and brighter than Parol very fa#t-t-li$it and opaque* Boos not . blood in paint whieles but bloods badly in lacquer solvents* Used in tha best grade anamle and printing inks requiring peraaaaaoe and bright .Bede* Graphic Bed Sherwin-flllllons trade nark far Lithol Bed - Is the result of coupling Tobias Aoid and Beta Baphthol* Various shades are produced by forcing different metallic a&lte* Color is brigit and elaanj fairly permanent* Koa-bleedlag in Oil* Chief use is in printing inks and also valuable for onsnols* . 0007-SWP-000007365 5- Bad C -- color specially suitable for printing ink| elcsn ad bright end eWsi non-blooding in Oil usd mter* Per"-"-- Bod is node by osapling Ortho-C^lor-PBro^Iltrenilins vith Seta Kaphthol* Ku cxBcilaot fastness to light* Doss sot blood in point vehicles but does blood in Synthetic Vehicles containing Coed Ter Solvents* Sabenoac Hods or Lithol Rubins have exoellenb fastness to llgit sad arc very bright in color* Used chiefly fer printing inkt also for point and eaoaels requiring penansnee cad nan-bleeding qualities* Solfast Toners roprosant a ns* line of colors -- brilliant* ftxst-feo-light nd nca- blssdlng* Inpres* t* groups - the Solfast Beds maA Pinks and fuagstated Shodamla* Rods* . Maroon Toners roprosant a group of CP organic pigMotst neap-bleeding* ffelrly resistant to light! bootitiful rich tones suitable for Isusquers* and points end. Pertnhsat Orence Tcasrs rsprosoat Orange organie eelora node by coupling Ortho ikifcraniliao *lth beta Hophthol* Very porwrwrrtt in colon quite opaque! bleed slightly in eater and oil* 0007-SWP-000007366