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RJC004769
1332288..000011
Exhibit 1328
State of Minnesota v. 3M Co., Court File No. 27-CV-10-28862
SSTTAATTEE__0077554433993300
TWWehhmaattciitssaassscuurroffraanccttwaaennsttc?? SwoEmans isnusge Theterm"surfactanr is a contraction of"surface active
agent", and refers to any material which is capable of
i ras rs tri reducing the surface energy of a liquid at relatively low
| EE concentrations. Generally,such a compound consists of an BE E organiccompound having an insoluble moiety(which Is
In a similar fashion.-Fluorad- Fluorochemical Surfactants can typically be described by the following chemical structure:
Inherently insoluble In the liquid in which it is useful)
combined with a solubilizing group.
Erpmmnessmaniy Such surfactants can be divided into three major chemical
Classes, hydrocarbons, silicones and fluorochemicals. This classification describes the "tall portion of the surfactant
ho dy sce molecule.In regard to their relative ability to reduce surface
EEtension in water based systems. the general trend is that
ren oss Insoluble Tall
Hydrophilic Group
wh aRs tt cv at id where the RF....00rtion is the stable fluorocarbon tail. and
TH ..:.x represents a solubilizing group. It is this unique
fluorochemicals are more effective than silicones. which in turn are more effective than hydrocarbons. Each class has its
er tainso co Ei own utility and ultimately the decision as to which one or
helh eEi ee Cy kd ones to use Is determined by the level of performance
needed. If more than one material proves effective, cost-
retns wevay d Sey esssso ol a effectiveness parameters are usually used as the
we RAT selection basis.
fluorochemical -tali% modified in length and structure to meet end use needs, which provides the exceptional resistance to thermal and chemical attack characteristic of the"Fluorad" Surfactants. This fluorochemical portion of each -Fluorad" Surfactant is basically responsible for its capability to dramatically recuce surface tension, as well as being the major difference between these materials and conventional
J all WWhhaatt aarree""FFlluuoorraaddTM"'
FlFuluoorroocchheemmiiccaall
SSuurrffaaccttaannttss??
A conventional hydrocarbon surfactant generally may be represented as:
surfactants.
Tonsouttznggrou...iscomwmanoslni. bk Thesolubtlizing group x iscommonly water soluble,but
can be designec to be oil soluble for use in nonaqueous
Sani RmoT rerio systems.
Dapnctrosae agneosn mn The nature of ins group varies among the-Fluorad-
DR Surfactants. By altering it."Fluorad"Surfactants have been ~~ote) prepared which are extremely surface active in a number of
environments. ncluding many systems which would degrade
er eset mean evo hydrocarbon or silicone surfactants.
Insoluble Tall
senir reoc ures Hydrophilic Group
where RH....represents the hyorocarbon "tall"a^c ...x represents a solubilizing group.
eT Insoluble Tail
Crepe Organophilic Group
a mikurt:^431.).3'3, .
- .,
--ll
RjC004770
11332288..00000022
SSTTAATTEE_0077554433993311
TRL W010,
SURFACE TENSION
--A-- 10%((OH
= '` 60 SO ' I 00
"
IN WATER Hydrocarbon SurfaClon't
--SURFACE TENSION
IN 10% KOH
Hyd!ocarbcn Surfoctant
'Rums FC170C
0,
"Fiuorad FC.129
0
0001
001
01
Surlactant Concentration. Weight .0 Solids
Fd s
=i he RR = : 1 HE. 3 A-18%HC1
SURFACE TENSION IN 18% HYDROCHLORIC ACID
o
to
...want Co...commis- We
Solids
sa.
1/7V.y.TrI.,"..44,
,0070.=7",00Ft .
Chromic 0-- Acid
Solution
SURFACE TENSION IN CHROMIC ACID CLEANING SOLUTION
Hydrocarbon Surfactont
iNa..............H.ydrocarbon Surfactant
"Fluorad" FC.135
pool
co,
o.
Surlactan: Concentration Weight Soiids
Pluorad FC.99
:00
or
a
i.actant C.:-earattatiV Ara.g.: Solids
f".S'
7,4
st.
r.
SURFACE TENSION IN
LIOUID EPDXY
SURFACE TENSION IN BRINE 12.5% Csel,2rhea% Nod)
IESHIES . 4 06 y
Hydrocerbon Swrocion, FfuoraU FC430
Hydrocarbon SurfaMnt
irr
"Fluorod" P0.100
LW'
:t.
tliLlissst C.L.SCOs...alsOY %NNW.: Soils
1.001
:
S.-octant S.' -tentros a" N,g-t Sr00%
RJC004771
1328.0003
STATE_07543932
lLlLaPaoounnoowwaddwwP ccssssoottuunnaarrbbcciiffeellaannc iiacctttteeyryrnaattstteeidnintsoi osrininososstnny,f,m a SS i rro copmtotnaao toc tt ttsienon 'Fluorad"Fluorochemical Surfactants differgreatlyfrom I EI Mr maura conventional hydrocarbon and silicone surfactants. In most
systems they are far more efficient In reducing surface
Er, rl ean tension to levels that are unreachable with these other types.
EERSTE Ine | In some aqueous systems,surface tensions as low as 15 to
16 dynes/cm can be attained. The''Fluorad" Surfactants normally produce these extremely low values at
CEen STABILITY concentrations as low as 100 parts per million,or less.
Equally important Is the fact that certain of these
pri est mymaweot SEeA ncomas si cn fluorochemical surface active agents are stable and effective ER mn in many extremely hostile environments,Including strongly
ha eS oe acidic,strongly alkaline and even strongly oxidizing systems.
LEVELING Emulsion coatings applied to difficult to wet surfaces can show greatly improved leveling with the addition of small quantities ol these materials.
FOAMING Stable foams can be produced in hostile media such as chromic acid or sodium hydroxide, where conventional surface active agents would be destroyed.
EMULSIFICATION While generally not effective as emulsifiers in water-organic systems, these materials can be quite efficient emulsifiers in specialty applications, where fluorinated materials comprise either the continuous or the dispersed phase.
STABILITY
CHEMICAL Some of these surface active agents are stable in such rigorous environments as hot chromic acid, anhydrous hydrazine, hot concentrated sulfuric acid, hot concentrated hydrofluoric acid and hot concentrated sodium hydroxide
FD"eF"FaFeelltauutunoourrrreaaiesddso""eofSSfuurrrffsaaicctteaannntttsso The principlefeatures of''Fluorad"Surfactants have been
discussed previously. These may be summarized as the
EECA Sis, ability to reduce surface tensions to extremely low levels,
pS tyTURT chemical and thermal stability, and effectiveness at low
solutions.
THERMAL
ORL vssmtr ry sy While all of these materials have very good stability at
moderate temperatures, a few can withstand temperatures In
a even Rs excess of 600F in air.
LOW CONCENTRATION LOW CONCENTRATION
ECONOMICAL
Rabannarene a ow These materials are normally effective at extremely low
Ie EE in I concentrations, and often are utilized at concentrations of
concentrations.
100 parts per million active solids or less.
SURFACE ACTIVITY
SusEACE AcTIvEY AQUEOUSSYSTEMS
EITco sis rss Some of these surfactants can lower surface tension to less
than 16 dynes/cm and function at low concentrations. They
SEREEREEY are effective in dramatically reducing surface tension in a
Er wide variety of aqueous media,including acidic and basic
systems.
Fr NON AQUEOUS SYSTEMS
"Fluorad" Surfactants have been developed which uniquely
SELAIRISI SIR, reduce surface tensions of many organic media to about 20
dynes/cm, including solvents such as esters, alcohols and
i rei wspories,| ethers and resin systems including epoxies, polyesters,
urethanes and acrylics.
rma WETTING
Reduced surface tensions result in the ability to Improve the
CETT RSE AATR TAEA E wetting of a variety of materials, including such hard to wet EE surfaces as plastics and oily metals.
"Fluorad" Surfactants for "Fluorad"Surfactantsfor
NnOoNnAaQqUuEeOoUuSsSsYySsttEeMmSs
poe The family of "Fluorad" Surfactants includes a unique class
eh of materials which can effectively reduce surface tension and
interfacial tension in non-aqueous systems. The use of this new generation of fluorochemical surfactants in coating resins and solvent systems can produce the following
Gn advantages:
IMPROVEMENT IN FLOW AND LEVELING
EROS!FES Cline ELIMINATION OF FISH EYES AND CRATERS
PREVENTION OF CRAWLING AND EDGE BUILD UP
fro te IMPROVEMENT IN PIGMENT DISPERSION
REDUCTION OF PINHOLES
Vr my prcsto0m085. Use levels vary in organic systems between 0.05% new and 1.0%.
SSeeS e SEIN.
...a. ...Id-
RJc004772
11332288..00000044
STSTAATTEE_0077554433993333
. SSoommee ttyyppiiccaall""FFlluuoorraadd"" SSuurrffaaccttaanntt
aapppplliiccaattiioonn aarreeaass
|
41040 5 0n. ..1:147.. '. IC-95
| [EEI FC-93 and EEE EEeE e] :7":?,41'- ':-4'.FC-98
...,,... ,., .,
F1
gsh .
Ea] 11] [] ^ear.n so,.-,.4-i1st-',,
-- El
..
7; 4 FC-49
; FC-100 fC-120 FC-12
"'-W.... -4-igt
EINU N1E1E1E1E5E1E1E1E1EE Photographic, rez [1111111] Processes
1 1[11 11]1 Fluoropolymer fe T 111T 11L 11 1M1T 11T1 Emulslons
-FC---143 .1,F7..dC.-.c FC-171 FC-430 1C-431 FC 740
aJ
SpeCialty Inks'
=e TTLT L I II WaterBased
f=[TTT] MC] Coatings
Solvent Based
eT1L1O1T1T1T1T Coatings CEE IT lil1T I1Tl1l1I] lI| l Apt sr,':-..:':::::'
Electronic
| EN 1E1E1N1E EtchBeths E1E1E1 IEIEIN Corrosion == T RaT iTlTT s[ Inhibitors .M'J1[ 1lT15T1 ... .
Soldiiritixe.p.
Gee11T1T5T1L1T1WCii I SVitertiry,,.:
,`..."1,..:. t'' Alkaline
E= LaC siT Cleaners a assail. PlasticPreplate
Poof] DT Etchants T] | Refractory Ges= [TT LLT Processes
, ..
TT] Leak Detector
f=TaTiTaTaT Solutions s 1T.1T1] 11
Re aisuFomng TTL LH Hydrocarbons .
= Unt tn = Usually effective
Oa amet thin = Sometimes effective
et --
RJC004773
11328..000005
SSTTAATTEE_0077554433093344
tc"ci"iwwoynFoFeennllnttccvuputvtooeiooiiemmntrnnrnbbtsaggatiiididananeo"o"ggaannSSetetaoauuninillrrtotopffsnsnaawtwcciittk ttaahhnnttsstFE S i ZeEE EeEE cEtSoREeiTc nE LeIny LsE Manyapplicationsinvolve morethanjustair-liquidinterfaces Bore Sena where surface tension alone might be important. More often
Ilquid-liquid or solid-liquid systems are encountered. In these cases, interfacial tension, as well as surface tension, plays a
E significant role in the wetting or leveling process. Quite often E eee in these cases,a combination of"Fluorad"Surfactant plus a
suitable hydrocarbon surfactant can produce a degree of
Eth, RN ee wetting which cannot be accomplished by either type alone.
Normally, in such a combination, it is the "Fluorad" Surfactant
SEs SRR which reduces the surface tension,while the hydrocarbon
material aids In the reduction of the interfacial tension. The net result can be a system that easily wets and spreads on
srWsrWSeeuuhhaarraAllaffllttaayyRccrrmmeeeeeeEttddaaeeuunnEnnccsssseeiiddoonn NESS BEErE0rE IoIrReAeI sNtEe otherwise hard towetsurfaces.
BETTER SPREADING Low surface tension In combination with low Interfacial tension affects spontaneous spreading of a liquid over various surfaces. This is important in reducing pinholes, craters, and edge crawling of coatings applied to unclean surfaces.
IMPROVED FOAM GENERATION Gaseous corrosive mists being evolved from chemical solutions in certain industrial operations can be blanketed by a dense, stable foam formed on the solution surface which prevents escape of such mists into the surroundings.
REDUCED WATER SPOTTING Because of reduced droplet formation, the need for distilled or deionized water In rinsing operations may be eliminated.
SMALLER GAS BUBBLES These smaller gas bubbles produces at the surface of metal during chemical etching will have less tendency to adhere, grow and cause surface imperfections.
SMALLER DROP FORMATION Smaller drops are desired in fine aerosol mists.
BETTER LIQUID PENETRATION The force required to cause liquids to move through small pore spaces can be greatly reduced.
IMPROVED FILM UNIFORMITY Smoother, more even films are produced from polishes, finishes and coatings.
Dasetcton tutes sen mpmazan Thereduction of surface tension can produce an
Improvement in many important liquid system properties,
EEE jeics especially In the case of the very low values attainable
through the use of "Fluorad" Surfactants. Some of the
possible results and benefits of successfully modifying liquid
E mt t missos properties through dramatically reduced surface tension
may include:
roo IMPROVED WETTING
SI cn `ccGaeannnerrreeassluulllytt
rom ow speedier
from low
sarunrdafacmcoertteeennesfsfiieoocnnticcvlleeeaacrnlieinannggiSsnOoglKuoAtpGieoRrnSast..io
n
s
and services TTeecchhnniiccaall iinnffoorrmmaattiioonn
LamnTdh seursviecesspmatne Local"Fluorad"Surfactant sales representatives are equipped with extensive technical data and experience to help you solve your surfactant problems. Backing them up is a modern technical service laboratory. Contact your SR CE RR oBE representative today at the 3M Commercial Chemicals Division branch office nearest you. They are listed on the
back page. back page.
eS ;s'''".*.
RAI,
R5C004774
13288..00006
STSTAATTEE_0077554433993355
*humoraadd" FFlluuoorct.o)cch)heomrinicGaalt GSurfactants
PRODUCT; ..,- t TYP %. NUMBER --
DESCRIPTION 1:" '*-1 rONIIA
'
"6- ..". .
. -.....:',7-':Vek:4:':'9;-:; .4.. ":::114' "'.11 4X:i.,
'' ' .. -..'
Eee] FC-93
Anionic
Ammonium perfluoroalkyl suffonates
,
FC.--95,-a!nd,,u.f.rf.ftt,.
.. i s-o-r-", Allioni0.
.,.;-?-...x6,- :-..`,.. ---.4--4, 1 4:-ere : Potabsiura peillaoraplkylAW
FC-98 .. ei.*.,:: -. 4.,. -
sittfotiatitit ,....E1,0;::&,,.1:.. .,1;:e;
Cig] a [ds ok - ,.$, -..
.p.:::'...7: ..
"::%;iii-'-'; - -x`,-,. ri "."-1.i:-....7: ...;1'.!::4
'-o ', ,:
Excellent chemical and thermal stability. Active in acidic and alkaline systems.
1.,...;,rt%
mIfgyikoutle.:7-..,,
insist:1ff Iihinalliql.andlSfs:
tbeirifil lilt?, eitilitrslif;-:.
In aldialuid.oxidizing Systems.
';.lizt...a.:hie.v.:;.. :U.:-., . .
FC-99
Anionic
Amine perfluoroalkyl
Outstanding surface activity In
suifonates
acidic and oxidizing systems.
Chemically stable with
excellent water solubility.
FC'-',1'-00I4V-A4,,4'4 "71'."
`''.'"" . Amphottric
.,4,7.xatr...-.ss,7:10.,. .LUIRqrinatecijilicy).
Sgifir , '-za..., i".1.,e..-. ., uutsmn
%.;:vr-L ,k-r,p,,trm. .: . . fsurf.*7.act(Sibicand...:
I, tr ., . It.. .t
.j41:. 4... I'',A,i.m..ph.o..t.e,,si.e..n..i. l.*,. ..-F,:.t.'.. , .. ??.,,,..':: -r.e:-0:. Aikt- .
''' iiitastr4 n dpg;Effebiralyte iiitiriia eiliiiilastriffektiWi
... .. .
| aEa FC-120
Anionic
Ammonium perfluoroalkyl sulfonates
Superior leveling agent for water-based acrylic emulsions.
- .....FO129.
TEE .. :..z..
le WiiVIM 1774 t 117.giond.41.,iri.V,. ,,,,, ' '''00 e
:ifQ....L.r.' 1,4,it. ibeYbd.)Ali , ..4....-W,.:
,,, lea
i 'ri-t tr.. '' :r .:.1.:;ne.'4.7'.P17' A?:...s ".4..3. `.;:4;' . '''''';'-- -.1'' ' -:' 44
' 5.4.0 sm- w' ,:l,:ro",.,:' :,.h'';.;:... 0.94:ro`aliiiir.-.!,4 /
'314.!,4...;_fi::, :,'
a FC-135
Cationic
Fluorinated alkyl quaternary ammonium iodides
Outstanding activity In acid solutions. Excellent in basic and neutral solutions.
FC-143.7.*..s.,,fk.rT, ...' , .,,,:Ailioni.C.:.
F %7;.-t_t., :.,:...i-,..,..Vta'-.
' :' :' 7477glit;t4;It'v'1 : 4 i'' ' PI" ...poi 0 Ides
v-a itrectr'' ''. t In '' 14'pgrocarbon.-
Sg Loren| E CienE a | ,.. .
...
lyniesVit'arskEicie enteliemipal
I
1ftnik !...!:,:::::tre: .:4. ':
l'iVre,.,
11:11
WI
..411.:i1`13M.. . .
FC-170-C
Nonionic
Fluorinated alkyl polyoxyethylene ethanols
Excellent activity in neutral and acid solutions.
| ETE Ise] | FC:17.1..1..:SPF , '''1;.,.g.ii:. -c% -.4. . FC-430
-14,711) .1 -ri.c; .';:',;;-*Qr ,,..',
;:,..FliTo7iiirtr" r s' ,k`...,:.
i ..alkakyliite a .
, Ais.lit.;;V.:i;,' ,- ,"
......
.3ie-s110iNt'a,A,,,iyiSin neutrali,'.a';lkaline 4aniliialdre:aqueoas soiddobS.:'''.,','
.,,;.....', or..-......../;;A:ir.fi:t;, ,-..0.'-'is- e'N--:- -
f':.,'-.-.-,,...4. t.......
Nonionic
Fluorinated alkyl esters
Active in organic polymer coatings. Effective in many water-reducible systems.
...1 F - 46T:c.V4.7. : '...
-:..., ,....,,-,..
-Is-i7.o..nrlo-yV!
:?.. .4. : .....;, -:.- -
Fee TE FC-740
Nonionic
Teme] ..''.-".'F.? l.' t4io4r,-i:n1ate4d,-a..l.k.7yla * .
:..-.-.f.rtl.,".
.44-.40.1.-A., 'F%t`i'`v:e!gi.tWt.,4o..r.1gan-ie-'5y,:jyemCeTrOt-L7,...:inb.l
.
-..:-:
,,... o.l. 'li,el rNisalit..Ps.,-,c-,i,t,'ks.,.:ri4nio.4:2A.:..":-...':",-r:; .,4r-n.:,c.f.e:o7.da"tiMngts,'gs;.V0s-1te1l" 1lYe0 !n* 1P:$001.14vale'r''.'
Fluorinated alkyl
esters
Active in low polarity organic solvents. Foams hydrocarbon liquids.
L---Ne`4
-
RJC004 775
132288..00007
STATE_07543936
,
UU..SS..BBrraanncchh OOffffiicceess
TE Anchorage Eu 5331 Minnesota Drive Sitar, Anchorage,Alaska 99502 BF 907/561 1030 J Atlanta
2860 Bankers industrial Drive
ionGedo Atlanta, Georgia 30360
== 404/447 7043
Boston
Eaneas e 155 Fourth Avenue
Needham Heights,Mass.02194
PEmime. 61a7/4n490300
Chicago 15 Salt Creek Lane Hinsdale, Illinois 60521
Fa sak 800/9423961 (Inside III.)
800/3234087(Outside III.)
sgCincinnati Lr. 4835 Para Drive She Mail to: PO Box 145404 The Cincinnati, Ohio 45237 RAF 513/482 3134
Dallas
etSapenna Arae 2121 Santa Anna Avenue
foram Mailto:PO Box 28158 ero Dallas,Texas 75228
214/324 8148
B timtawn 800/4428046(Inside Texas)
800/527 1648(Outside Texas)
ERE re tHonoolunlu
4443 Malaal Street
Honolulu,Hawaii 96818
808/422 2721
Los Angeles
Foro mp-- 6023South Garfield Avenue
Les Angeles, California 90040
aT 800/221 1045(Inside California) EAA 800/221 1046(Outside California)
pr New York-Philadelphia [igre 5698 Rising Sun Avenue FRPhiladelphia,PA 19120 Lo 215/728 5300 suo St. Paul
3M Center
Sosseaa t 000 St Paul, Minnesota55144-1000
Br 612(733-5454
E BREC San Francisco
1241 East Hillsdale Blvd. Foster City, CA 94404
84801500--7260211--.111052456((2eWec1stt.ooffM1Miiss0ssiess4sip6pi)
`NNoorrtthh AAmmeerriiccaann IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall LLooccaattiioonnss:
a. ie Canada 1 eesrsoy 3M Canada Inc. A PO Box 5757,Terminal A ET am hats, London,Ontario N6A4T1 He 23 519/451 2500
Mexico 3M Mexico,SA de C.V. Apartado Postal 14139 Mexico 07000, D.F., Mexico 905/577 2100
tn 3M International Pow, 223-6S-043M Center PEE b en St Paul,Minnesota55144-1000
612/736 4814
gun Puerto Rico jr 3M Puerto Rico,Inc. Elan. Puerto Rico Ind. Park are Call Box 3M Lan Pueblo Station ee Carolina,PR 00628 ERE 809/762 6050
Important Notice to Purchaser:Allstatements,technicalInformation and recommendations herein are based on
E 4 ey Cy o pd man tests we believe to be reliable,butthe accuracy orcompleteness thereofis notguaranteed,and the following Is made
a In lieu ofall warranties,expressed orImplied,including the implied warranties ofmerchantability and fitness for any purpose:Seller's and manufacturer's only obligation shall be to replace such quantity ofthe productproved to be o Cy 7GeTt oCFOONFCIACTFiOARAAYGLoSYOOOnSS EGTAHEMPERGDDUESEENMosAtrBaEo&mfVCiOsNTSmEoABsUbEiLNonTA,L, defective.Before using,usershalldetermine thesuitabilityoftheproductforItsIntended use,and userassumesall
risk and liability whatsoeverin connection therewith. NEITHER SELLER NOR MANUFACTURER SHALL BELIABLE EITHER IN TORTOR IN CONTRACTFOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE,DIRECT INCIDENTAL,OR CONSEQUENTIAL,
ARISING OUTOFTHE USEOFOR THEINABILITY TO USE THEPRODUCT No statement orrecommendation not contained herein shall have any force oreffect unless in an agreementsigned by officers ofseller and manufacturer.
98.0211.22154(1153)BPH
Inun
Gr creme Commercial Chemicals Division/3M
Ferrie 223-6S-04 3M Center
St. Paul, MN 55144-1000
Unon US). wan WA BMW,Ptino MutNO.Fft and
33MM
UP ----
RJC094776
13288..00008
SSTTAATTEE_0077554433093377
