Document nm1rvxo8kdNQVyEm6wdMgK4Jm

.1 THE MERCK INDEX AN ENCYCLOPEDIA OF CHEMICALS AND DRUGS Paul G. Stecher, Editor Martha Windholz, Associate Editor Dolores S. Leahy, Assistant Editor David M. Bolton, M.D., Medical Uses Leslie G. Eaton, D.V.M., Veterinary Uses Published by MERCK & CO., Inc. RAHWAY, N.J., U.S.A. 1968 GEC .4 I Ascorbic Acid 105 Needles from light petroleum, mp 62-63. bp 296. fijj 1.5719 LDio i.p. in guinea pigs: 0.0273 m!/100g. Prac tically insoluble in water; soluble in alcohol, ether, glacial acetic acid, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, petr ether. Asarum. Wild ginger; Canada snakeroot; Indian ginger. Dried rhizome and roots of Asarum canadense L., Aristolochiacrae. Habit. Canada to N. Carottna and Kansas. Constit. Acrid resin, aromatic volatile oil, methyl cugcnol. med use: Has been used as an aromatic. Asazol. a-Acetamido-p-fbis(2-chloroethyl)amino}-Ar-2thiazolylhydrocinnamamide; (thiazolyl-2)amidc of N-acctylsarcolysine; 2- |p-[bis(2-chlorocthyl)amino}-N-acctylphenylalanoyl laminothiazole. CiHjC1jN.OjS; mol wt 429.38. C 50.357c, H 5.17%, Cl 16.51%, N 13.05%, O 7.45%. S 7.47%. Prepn: Berlin, Bronovitskaya, J. Gen. Chem. 30, 347 (1960). C1CH,CH2 * C1CH2CH2 N ch2chcokh I cn,comi Crystals from abs ale, mp 165.5-166.5. MtD use: Reported to have antineoplastic activity. tos. /AmiafiT 1 rldtivl calcium- S/+.#D\ U. Rc sat, stos, its in >ld,/fl\?wVYor c 19 s!CTTOe(rnHa<y*fi sists fire use Heat-resistant insulators, cements, furnace and hot pipe coverings, inert filter medium (labgratqrv &. commer cial), fireproof gloves, cf5tV)in ` "linT^Is.^'Human 4 Toxicity Prolonged expos st cSyif result in pulmonary fibrosis (asbestoils lung neoplasms. acid; Cebionc; Cantaxin; Ccvalin; Cevatinc; Ccvimin; Cevitcx; Cipca; Ccbicurc; C-Vimin; Ccvitamin; Testascor- bic; Allcrcorb; Cecon; Ce-Vi-Sol; Ascorin; Ascorteai; Cegiolan; Adenex; Ascorvit; Cevex; Lcmascorb; Ciamin; Hybrin; Vilacec; Can tan; Catavin C; Celin; Cenetone; Cescorbat; Cereon; Ccrgona; Cetemican; Cetamid; Planavit C; Concemin; Scorbacid; Davitamon C; Proscorbin; Rcdoxon; Scorbu-C; Ribena; Vicclat; Vitacin; Vitacimin; ViLascorbol; Xitix; Cevitan; Laroscorbine. CH*0; mol w t 176.12. C 40 917c, H 4.587c O 54.51. Widely distributed in the plant and animal kingdom. Good sources are citrus fruits, hip berries, acerola, fresh lea leaves. Isolated from the adrenal cortex of ox and later from lemons and paprika (originally called hcxuronic acid): Szent-Gydrgyi, Biochem. J. 22, 1387 (1928); Haworth, Szent-Gyorgyi, Nature 131, 24 (1933). Structure studies: Herbert et at., J. Chem. Soc. 1933, 1270. Synthesis: Ault et at., ibid. 1419; Reichstein etal., Helc. Chim. Acta 16, 561, 1019 (1933); 17, 311, 510 (1934). Crystal structure: Hvoslef, Acta Chem. Scand. 18, 841 (1964). Reviews: Haworth, Hirst, Ergeb. Vitamin u. Hormonforsch. 2, 160 (1939); Rosenberg, Chemistry and Physiology of the Vitamins, Interscience, N.Y., 1945; Seitz, Darstellung port Vitaminprdparaten, Hirzel, Leipzig, 1939; PB Report 1676 (1946); Burns, in Kirk-Olhmer, Encyclo pedia of Chemical Technology, 2nd ed. New York, 1963; Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 92, 1-332 (1961). The commercially available vitamin is produced by synthesis: One process in common use starts with D-glucose which is converted to D-sorbitol by hydrogenation. The D-sorbitol is made B` ' c**td*t*?f vM^Acejob . i Then ty Carboxyl Igroup ls/imrotjvc subThis vg-Jnile Ithi iu-sorbosfc] is if the form < lacetone c acid is Myjiljifig piacetPo.c-'gsjffijg-1 ternate route iteawith HOto give ascorbic acid, from sorbose by oxidizing with nitrogen tetroxide: Gisvold, U.SL^jat^i.702,808 (1955 to U. of Minnesota). -See also 2-rartrtgatpnWBkcid. Ascaridole. l,4-Peroxido-p-menthene-2; Ascarisin. Cio- I HitOi; mol wt 168.23. C 71.397c H 9.597c O 19.02%. i Constitutes 60-80% of oil of chenopodium. It is an organic j peroxide. Synthesis from a-lerpinene by treatment with oxygen, chlorophyll, and light: Schenck, Ziegler, Natur | wissenschaften 1944, 157. Purification: Beckett, Donbrow, 1 JolifTe, J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 7, 55 (1955). HO OH Crystals (usually plates, sometimes needles, monoclinic system). Pleasant, sharp, acidic taste. Stable to air when dry. In impure prepns and in many natural products the vitamin oxidizes on exposure to air and light, d 1.65. mp 190-192 (some dec); [a]JJ +20.5 to +21.5 (c = 1); []" +48 (c = 1 in methanol). pH = 3 (5 mg/ml); pH = 2 (50 mg/ml); pKi = 4.17; pK = 11.57. Absorp tion max 245 (acid soln); 265 m>i (neutral soln). Redox potential of first stage at pH 5.0 is 'o " +0.127 v. One gram dissolves in about 3 ml water, 30 ml ale, 50 ml absolute j ale, 100 ml glycerol U.S.P., 20 mi propylene glycol. Solu bility in hot water: 80.0% at 100; 40.0% at 45. Insoluble Liquid, unstable; prone to explode when healed or when in ether, chloroform, benzene, petr ether, oils, fats, fat treated with organic acids. d* 1.0103; dJJ 1.0113. mp +3.3. solvents. Possesses relatively strong reducing power, de bpo.j 39+0. [a]" 0.00. Soluble in hexane, pentane, ethanol, toluene, benzene, castor oil. med and vet use: See Oil of Chenopodium. colorizes many dyes. Aq solns are rapidly oxidized by air. The reaction is accelerated by alkalies, iron, copper. Forms stable metal salts, see Sodium Ascorbate. Pharmaceutical Incompatibilities: Vitamin C should not be formulated with Ascarite1. Asbestos coated with sodium hydroxide. Used for absorbing COi in combustion analysis. sodium salicylate, sodium nitrite, theobromine sodium salicylate, methenamine. Ref: C.A. 46, 7707. Calcium hypophosphite, (CH70)CaHiPOi, asphocal- Asclepias. Pleurisy root; butterfly weed. Dried root of Asclepias tube-osa L., Asclepiadaceae. Habit. Ontario to Mi nnesota. Constit. Ascleptadin, resins, volatile oil. med use: Has been used as emetic, cathartic, diaphoretic, expectorant. j I ; I cium, Calscorbat. use: Aside from its use as a vitamin, ascorbic acid or some derivatives, such as ascorbyl palmitate, are employed as antioxidants in foodstuffs, to prevent rancidity, to prevent the browning of cut apples and other fruit, in meat curing. med use : Vitamin C deficiency. Dose: Oral 100 mg to 1 g. Asclepias syriaca. Milkweed; silkweed; wild cotton. Root of Asclepias syriaca L. (A. cornuti Decaisne), Ascle piadaceae. Habit. Canada to North Carolina and Kansas. Consul. Ascleptadin, asclepion--a bitter principle, tannin, volatile oil. med use : See Asclepias. vet use : Has been reported favorable in certain cases of sterility of cattle and scurvy-like signs in dogs. Dose (used clinically and said to be effective where ascorbic acid defi ciency exists): horses: 2-4 g s.c. repeated as needed; bulls: 1 -2 g/450 kg body weight s.c. at 3- to 4-day intervals for 5 or 6 weeks; cattle: 1-2 g i.v. plus 2 g s.c. just before breeding; dogs: 25-75 mg s.c. or orally. Ascorbic Acid. Vitamin C; L-ascorbic acid; u-xyloascorbic Note: One unit (U.S.P. or international) is the vitamin C acid; 3-oxo-u-gulofuranolactone (enol form); u-3-ketothreo- activity of 0.05 mg of the U.S.P. ascorbic acid reference hexurome acid lactone; antiscorbutic vitamin; cevitamic standard. Consult the cross index before using this section f r--