Document nkBbQ4OBje07wXEVoOp6ORJym

r kt N SURFACTANTS FOR AEROSOL FOAMS Reproduced by permission from SOAP & CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES Volume 39, No. 9, September 1963, page 63 By Paul Sanders ``Freon" Products Division E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company Wilmington, Delaware 19898 co <0 ID a m -1 P - D : v> a R r. , :..3s:n > ft e P L L N ' Or. Sanders at work in his laboratory, where growing applications of emulsion systems in aerosols are commanding more attention. Surfactants for Aerosol Foams L k. jmjLS b.i'c-I mu emulsi< -r. "stems .ire necomnn; By Paul A. Sanders, The samples were tested for emulsion stability and siscositv. : ;i : -a si urn , :\j o run: siischarste characi eristics. foam Thirteen . ::'>11K uer< - stitfness. foam st.ibiiii'. ,.nd foam sm, er.ru.pr.-dm; -i ;m>. rnr, sequctue '.s.m ::ie .;cr siiavms; V ;ltr..r.5tcr: Zeliware densitv. The surfactant' were clas sified according ;o the :\pe> of lather. Aer-soi shavims lathers are foams and emulsions thev pro still one mi the most :k oular aero sol products. However, since their introduce n. a varier. ot other foam products have appeared on tlie market. These include sucii products .;> shampoos. upholster cleaners, t.uiiiiuie polishes. hand sion svstein would be helpful in formulation work since it would eliminate mans of the trial and error evaluations required with surfactants. With the exception ol an earlv publication (ll, little in formation of this tvpe is available duced. A foam with almost anv given set of properties mav be ob tained bv selectin'' the proper sur factant. Excellent foams may be obtained with all three classes of surfactants, cationic, anionic, or nonionic sieaners. :,:u! medicinal loams. in the literature. Tlie vanc'.s `I suriaaam. In order to provide the aero- Preparation ot Samples v 'a hid) .it- , Mimiiene.iilv available 'ol loatlers with basic inlormation The surfactants .sere evalu is s '-1 v t : die nlimber 01 MUicernitu; rhe effect 01 a vanetv ated in an aqueous sv -:em consist m1 1 ism Mali' \ t surlactauLs. over Hill ol dies; in'' >1 Sll per cent wat-." : tier cent k M< U ; ! ( -!' ,! M i 1 cents were e'a.nuied m .1 -u: t:n t.i m. and in nr- m ' Fri-011- UMisul euuilsion sSsieill ' F>11 1 1 " :n 11 , ipel- EID11664 lam. The aqueous concentrates were prepared bv weighing the surfactants into bouies. adding the water, capping the containers with aerosol valves, and shaking. If the sunaciam did not dissolve or dis perse in the water at room tem perature the bottle was heated to about i hi-F . shaken vigtroush. and allowed to cool. The propel lant was then pressure-loaded. Emulsification of the pro pellant was obtained bv a modi fication of the Briggs Method of intermittent shaking (2) . As a general rule, the bottles were shaken 20 times immediatelv after the addition of the propellant and the shaking was repeated one hour later. The samples were allowed to stand overnight and were shaken an additional 20 times immediate ly before evaluation. Evaluation of Samples .4. Emulsion Stability.- After the final shaking, the samples were allowed to stand and were exam ined at intervals for phase separa tion or creaming. The samples were then divided into four groups, as follows, according to their emul sion stabilities: Group I -- Emulsion stabilitv greater than 30 minutes Group II --Emulsion stabilitv between 15 and 30 minutes Group III--Emulsion stabilitv between 5 and 15 minutes Group IV-- Emulsion stability less than 5 minutes Products with an emulsion stabilitv of less than. 5 minutes have a limited value from a practical standpoint since the propellant probablv would start to separate while the product was in use. This would give a foam of changing and variable composition. In view of this, samples with an emulsion sta bilitv of less than 5 minutes were not tested further for other pro perties. such as foam density and stiffness. It is doubtful if tests on foams trom such unstable emul sions would base am significance ami :: o doubitui that the results '* hi ill :>t- r-mroducei! with anv ,u- Over 400 surfactants evaluated in simple aerosol foam system. Samples tested for emulsion stabil ity and viscosity, discharge characteristics, foam stiffness, stability and density. Surfactants class ed according to types of foam, emulsions produced. curacv All ot the amphoteric sur factants tested t:ave emulsions with, a stabilitv less than 5 minutes and are listed in Table IV. The method of preparing the aqueous concentrates m bottles was a relatively simple procedure. It is certainlv possible that manv of the surfactants that gave emul sions with poor stabilitv might have given excellent emulsions if other methods of dispersing the agent in the water, such as homo genization, had been used. How ever, in view of the large number of emulsifying agents to be eval uated, it was mx practical to spend the time to find the most effective procedure for using anv given agent. B. Emulsion Viscosity: The samples were classified according to the viscositv of the emulsions merely by visual observation. The emulsions were grouped into three classes as follows: High Viscositv i these range from verv thick emulsions to gelsi Medium Viscositv (between high and low i Low Viscositv almost the same viscositv as that of water alone; C. Type of Discharge: The samples were discharged and the cvpe of discharge noted according to the following classifications: Good -- These samples dis charged quietlv and smoothly, like a typical commercial aerosol shav ing lather. Fair -- These samples were somewhat noisv in their discharge. While a discharge having a rating of good is preferred, the samples with a fair rating would not be discarded merelv on the basis of the discharge if a commercial ap plication were involved. Poor -- These samples sput tered excessively and were verv noisv. Willi lew exceptions, these samples were too unattractive to be considered lot arc. commercial application. In manv cases, poor dispersion of the surfactant un doubtedly contributed to the un attractive discharge. Finding a more suitable procedure for dis persing the agent possible would give a satisfactory discharge. D. Foam Stability: A rough comparison of foam stabilitv was obtained by discharging the foams onto paper towels and noting the time required for the foams to col lapse. The products were classified into groups according to the time required for foam collapse as fol lows: Group A -- Foam stabilitv greater than 1 hour Group B -- Foam stability between 10 and 60 minutes Group C -- Foam stability less than 10 minutes. This group includes foams with low stabilitv and also products that did not foam at all. . Foam Stiffness: Foam stiff ness values are given in grams in the tables. Foam stiffness was measured with a Cherrv-Burreil C.urd Tension Meter. The use of this instrument in measuring the stiffness of aerosol foams and the significance of the results is dis cussed in detail in Reference 3. A tvpical aerosol shaving lather is included in Table I for comparison purposes. This foam has a stiffness value of 67 grams and would be considered a foam of medium stiffness. Very stiff foams will have stiffness values over 100 and chin foams will have stiffness values below about 40. F. Foam Density: Foam densities were obtained bv weigh ing a glass dish filled with the foam. The volume of the dish was 350 cc. The properties "i the emuidon-, and the loams ihai were ob- EID11665 r Surfactant** Aidniac mZ A<am.:ne 52 A..am.me " Typ* Cat. 2a: 2a:. TafaU I. Emulsion Stability Graatvr thorn 30 Missies Group A -- Fom Stability Grastsr Than 1 Hour Foam Foto Emulsion Type of Stiffness Density Viscosity Discharge (grams) (g.'cc) Comments Composition oi Surfactant High fair 50 2.38 A typical truer foam Medium Fur 74 2 .4 H:gr. F air -n r 2 A typical dense ioam Stearyiamme acetate Primary Fatty Amine ?.NH,, P. -- Myristic: Primary Fatty Am me P.NH.. .A.amine Ca:. Htg.n Alamme 112 Cat. High Poor 54 Poor 162 Alarmn.e 152 Alaimne 320 A:do :s AJiquat 205 Ahqua: H225 Armeen HT2 Cat. High Cat. High Nor..-1- High An. Cat. Medium Cat. Medium Cat. High Poor Good Good Good Good Poor -- 47 63 27 26 72 Diglycoi Stearate S Ncr.-r High An. Pair 58 : 14 C.29 SD9 0.07 0.07 0.27 0.14 0 11 Cake icing type ioam---exoa.nds siewiy into a good ioam lischarges as a pressure sensitive, rougn roam which decreases m volume slowly into a very coherent team Same as above but the foam changes more rapidly Foam expands after dis charge--very good foam Excellent thick foam that continues to expand alter discharge An excellent, thin foam An excellent ioam This dense ioam has a very shiny surface and retains its high gloss A typical dense foam Primary ratry Amine RNH,, (R m Stearic; Primary Fatty Amine RNH^ iR = OieyL Primary Fatty Amine ENH,, (P mOleyl-LmoleyL Primary Fatty Amine RNH^ 'R = Cottonseed oil' Propylene Glycol Monostearate (SE) Dipalmityi Dimethyl AxmoruuiR Chloride DifHydrogenated Tallow) Di methyl Ammonium Chiohde Primary Aliphatic Amine Diethyiene Glycol Stearate :SE) Tegin Triethanolamine stearate Tween o'. An. An. Non High High .Medium Poor Poor Good 49 43 52 0.18 Very dense foam 0.1! Pasty type foam 0.08 A typical medium foam Aerosol Shaving Lathe: Diarr. 11 g-og9c An. Medium Good 67 3 07 A typical thick, foam Cat. Cat -- Non Low low Group B -- Foam Stability Between 10 and 60 Minutes Good Fair 16 0 08 0 08 Glyceryl mor.ciaurate Mcnam:d 15C-2 Nor. Non -OW Low Fair Good !5 ;8 0 06 0 07 Nopaicol 1-L Polyethy lene giyccl 400 disiearate Non Non Low Low Alaraine 4D Cat. Low Good Good :5 17 3 07 0.10 Group C -- Foam Stability Less Than 10 Minutes Good 40 0.07 None Aliquat 205 Cat. High Fair 27 0.07 Emcol ?-:059 An. Lew Good 17 0.06 Emulsifier L-34-A Emcoi K-52 Non A r. High Low Fair jOOO 19 15 0 07 0 06 ( onUfinr d -m hilloicinir ont,"'.) Glycerol Monostearate fSE; As named Polyoxyethylene Scrbitan Monostearate N-Cievl ;,3-?ropylene Ciamme Polyoxyethylene Party Amine Combined with Polyoxyethyl ene Sorbitol Oleate As Named Coconut Fatty Acid Alkanoiamiae Polyoxyethylene Mcr.c-laurate As Named Primary Fatty Amine RNK, (R = Launc) N-Difatty Dimethyl Quaternary Ammonium Chloride Amine Salt of Dcdecyl Ben zene Sulfonic Acid Fatty acid ester ot higher polyaicohois Blend oi oil soiub.e Sulfonates -- ?oiyoxye:ny:ene Ethers E1D11666 Tablt I. (conId.) Emulsion Stability Greater than 30 Minutes Group C__Foam Stability Lass than 10 Minutes Surfactant Etncneer. I 12 Typ" a' Foam Foam Emulsion Typo of Stiffness Density Viscosity Discharge (grams) (g/cc) _:w Good :e ar : :: _ 3 ' Medium Fair :3 :r Intexor mp-: Nomsoi 2. ' W N" on ~. g r. : nr . 0 - -- Fair :: 3.36 Nor. Medium Fair 3 j. j i Poiv e ?h 'r. e r. e Ncr. _JW Good Givco! Mcr.c oleate 4CC-C Renex 36 Nor. _3W Good 9 5aifcr.:c Szr. Medium Good .2 N-50 3 :Q 3.3 / 3 06 Comments Composition of Surfactant Tertiary .Amine-Ethylene Oxiae Donaer.sate Tertiary Am:ne-E;r.'/;ene Dx.ae Cor.der.saie .-.vj nryi ou.innate M or. v iphe r*o i ?o: y g 1 y co1 Ether Alcohol Polyethylene Giycoi Ester oi Oleic Acid As Named Polyoxyethylene Ether .Alcohol Alkyl Aryl Polyethylene Glycol Ether * Cationic Nomomc Anionic * Product name* othet than chemical descriptions are trademarks of respective supplier* of the surfactants. tained with various surfactants are listed in Tables I, II, III, and IV The surfactants are first grouped into the tables according to theii effectiveness in producing stable emulsions as follows: Table I -- Emulsion stability greater than 30 minutes Table II--Emulsion stability between 15 and 30 minutes Table III--Emulsion stabili ty between 5 and 15 minutes Table IV--Emulsion stabili ty less than 5 minutes The surfactants are further subdivided in Tables I, II, and III according to the stabilitv of the foam thev produce as follows: Group A -- Foam stabilitv greater than 1 hour Group B -- Foam stabilitv between 10 and 50 minutes Group C -- Foam stabilitv less than 10 minutes Group D -- Surfactants of little interest as a result of poor dispersibility, or poor foaming pro perties. The data in Tables I, II. and III include the type and com position of each surfactant (4), the viscositv of the emulsion, and the type of discharge of the aerosol. In most cases stiffness values and den sities have been listed for the foams. The values for foams with a stabilitv of less than 10 minutes Table 1. (Continued) Emulsion Stability Greater Than 30 Minutes Group D The ioilowmg agents were oi little interest either as a result of extremely poor discharge characteristics, poor dispersion of agent, or lack of foaming power. Surfactant Composition of Surfactant Amerchol C Amerchol H-9 Diam 21D Dncoid Duomeen CD Duomeen S Emery 640 Ethylene Glycol Monostearate 40 Ethylene Glycol Monostearate 70 Mcnamine 3-89 Tween 65 Tween 8! Lanolin derived extracts of Sterols and Sterol esters Lanolin derived extracts of Sterols and Sterol esters N-ratty Propylene Diamine Algin Stabilizer N-Alkyl Trimethylene Diamine N-Alkyl Trimethylene Diamine Distilled Palm Type Fatty Acid As Named As Named Modified Aikanciamide Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Tristearate rolyoxvethyier.e Scrbi* ar. Mor.ocieate are also listed but it must be realized that these values represent the properties of the foams for onlv a brief period of their short foam life. Since the foams are changing almost constantly from the moment of discharge, the stiff ness and density measurements give only an indication of the pro perties of the foams during about the first two minutes after dis charge. Table IV includes only the name of the surfactants since these products produced emulsions of such poor stability that the surfac tants were of little interest. All of the samples were pre pared with "Freon-12" "Freon-114" .40 60) propellant and the foam and emulsion properties listed are obtained only with this propellant svstem. Foam properties, however, will change -considerably with the tvpe of propellant. This provides an additional method for varying the foam properties with any given surfactant. An indication of how the variation in both quantity and type of propellant might be ex pected to affect foam properties is discussed in Reference 3. The surfactants listed in Table I are of most interest since they give the most stable emul sions. In order to provide a basis for comparison of the foam pro perties with those of a well-known EID11667 c Tabl IX. Emulsion Stability Botwoon 15 and 30 Mutates Group A -- Foam Stability Groatar Than 1 Hous Surfactant* Typ* Emulsion Viscosity Typo of StiHness Density Discharge (grams) (g/cc) Composition oi Suriactant Cationic Low Fair .5 0 08 Tertiary Amine-Ethylene Oxiae Condensate Erncc. 5.2AA 3 5GC Ncmcmc `cr.icr.c Group B -- Foam Stability Between 10 and 60 Minutes Higr Low jood F a.r (3 .6 3 2" Alkane.amine Cor.censaie 3 09 .Ac Named 0.stearate Alkar.ol CE Atlas Jr-, .sc Diciycol ~au*a`e S nthoduomeer. Ethomeer. C/12 Easulsiaer 0-2G5 G-(44: G-1425 Jntexide S-c Mor.amic . 5C-DR Ninaie 41'. Soie-Muise Sk-1 Sotex 3CW Superamtoe GC Synthetic AD-50 Triton GP.-7 Truer. X-. 55 Twitchei; 8262 Twitche:! 3266 Nomomc Nomomc Ncr. <S An. Cationic Canonic Ncr.iomc Ncnionic Nomomc Nonionic Ncnionic Aruoruc Noniomc Nonionic N'cmomc Nomomc Anionic Nomomc Anionic Anionic Group C -- Foam Stability Less Than 10 Minutes Medium Low Gocc Fur .4 28 5.07 Long Cnatr. Aicchoi Zthyiene Oxide Condensate C.i2 Polyoxyethylene Soroitoi Hexa-Oieate Low Gooc ;g C.06 Diethyiene Glycci Monoiaurate !SE} Medium Low Low Low Low High Low Low Low Medium Low Low Low Low Low Low Fair Fair Fa^ Fair Fair Poor Fair Good Fair Fair Good Good Good Fair Poor Poor .9 .5 -- -- -- ;8 -- -- -- -- -- -- 21 _ -- -- 5.08 0.08 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 0.06 _ -- -- Ethylene Oxide-Ciamme Condensate Product Tertiary Amme-Etnyiene Oxide Conaer.sate Fatty Acid Ester oi Higne- Pciyaicchois Polyoxyethylene SorbttoNLanoim Derivative Polycxyetnyler.e Soroitol Lanolin Derivative Cocor.u: Fatly Agio Aikanoiamiae Coconut Fattv Acid Aklanolamide Amine Alkyl Aryi Sulfonate Modified Ethoxylates Long Chain Fatty Acid Ester Coconut Fatty Acid Diethanolamine Condensate Polyethylene Glycol Ether Sulior.ated Alkyl Esters Alkylary! Poiyether Aicohoi Sulionated Mineral Oil Sulfor.ated Mineral Oil 'Product names other than chemical descriptions are trademarks of respective suppliers of the surfactants. tvpe of product, an aerosol shaving lather foarn is also shown in Table I -- CrouD A. The aerosol shaving lather was formulated with 10 per cent "Freon-12" "Freon-114" (40 60' and 9o per cent of an aqueous concentrate with the following composition: Aqueous Shaving Lather Concentrate Stearic actc Coccr.u: tatty acid Triethanolamine 7 06% 1.72% 4.40 % Glycerine Waier 2.00% 84,82% The properties of the foams that are produced with the surfac tants listed in Table I vary widely. Either stable or unstable foams mav be obtained by varying the surfactant. All three types of agents, cationic, nonionic, and anionic are represented. Since these tifems differ in their electric charge, riles provide an oppnrtimir to formulate foams with .m Table II (Continued) Emulsion Stability Between 15 and 30 Minutes Group D The Iciicwir.g agents were oi httte '.merest is i result s: very peer dispersion, poor discnorae characteristics, or lew :oair..r.g power Suriactant Composition of Surfactant A.ccsperse 2C A.xanoi CA A.irosoi 0 Airosol S I .cmeen T Glyceroi Mcn.cstearate pius Poiyscrbate 8C Ecn.g Cham A.cohc; Ethylene Oxide Condensate ratty Alkyici -Am:ce Conaer.sate ratty Alkyici Amide Condensate N-Alkyi Trime'.hviene Dianiae attraction for different t\ pes of surfaces. Some of the quaternaryagents might be considered for the formulation of antiseptic foams. Other surfactants might be helpful merely for the stabilization of emulsion systems already contain ing other surfactants. In. this con nection, the addition of another surfactant to a svstem already con taining a surfaefant mav produce unexpected and beneficial results. Smergistic effects are often ob tained bv mixing surfactants. The u>e >( 2 per cent of "X" and. 2 per cent of "V" mav give excellent emulsions and foams, whereas 4 per cent of either "X" or "V" mav give poor products. Specific comments regarding the foams from the surfactants listed in Table I are also given and indicate the variations in properties that occur with different surfac tants. The properties of the emul sions and the foams from the sur factants in Table I were checked twice. Other surfactants were eval uated oniv once. Since a given surfaciam is itten a mixture of vari- EID11668 ous compounds, surfactants may vary from lot to lot somewhat dur ing manufacture. Different lots of the surfactant, therefore, may give properties different from those pre sented in the tables in this report. This should be kept in mind when testing surfactants. The manufacturers of the various surfactants have not been listed since this information is readily available in Reference 4. The information in this re port has been presented to provide basic information for the formula tion of aqueous foam products. If any of the foam compositions dis cussed in this paper are considered for commerdal products, the patent situation must be reviewed. U. S. Patent 2,655,480, Joseph G. Spitzer, "Lather Producing Com position" is of particular interest for aqueous foam products. This patent is owned by Carter Prod ucts, Inc. Summary Over 400 surfactants were evaluated in a simple aerosol foam system consisting of 86 per cent water, 4 per cent surfactant, and 10 pier cent "Freon-12"/"Freon114" (40/60) propiellant system. The samples were tested for emul sion stability and viscosity, dis charge characteristics, foam stiff ness. foam stability, and foam den sity. The surfactants were classified according to the types of foams and emulsions they produced. A foam with almost any given set of properties may be ob tained by selecting the proper sur factant. Excellent foams mav be obtained with all three classes of surfactants: cationic, anionic, or nonionic. Refereaces; 1. E. I. du Poru de Nemours & Co. (Inc.), ``Freon'' Aerosol Report. FA-4, ``T!ie Behavior of Certain Typical Emulsifying Agents in 'Freon -- Water Systems.'' 2. Sumner, C. G,, ``Clayton's, The Theory of Emulsions and Their Techni cal Treatment,-' 5th Edition, The Blakiston Companv, Inc., New York, New York (1954), p. 497. 3. Sanders. P. A., "Stiffness Meas urements on Aerosol Foams," Aerosol Age, July, 1963. 4. McCutcheon, J. W., John W. McCutcheon, Inc., New Y'ork/ N. Y., "Detergents and Emulsifiers Up to Date,'' 1962. r f El D11669 TabU HI. Enaliion Stability Bctwetn 5 and 15 Minutes Group A -- Foam Stability Greeter Than 1 Hour Suriactant* a'..a.' s-:8C2 G-.396 Ar~.ee' LMSL Arguac. 2C Av;:ex A Avitor.e A Eema. 14 Digiycd. Oleate Dig:yco! Oleate S Ducmeer. CD-50 Emcol 14 Err.cci 4150 Em u Is ynt 410 Ethomeen C/12 Ethomid HT-15 G-;i44 Igepal CO-430 Monamulse LT? Morpel X-914 Ncpacol 4-0 Nopacol 4-L Mlnol 2012 Extra PEG 2C0 Monolaurate PEG 400 Monolaurate PEG 40C Mono- Type Foam Foam Emulsion Type ol Stillness Density Viscosity Discharge (grams) (g/cc) Composition ol Suriactant Noncmc Noc.cr.c Canonic Canonic Anionic A.monic Nonionic Nor. .-An. Lew Fair 34 007 2-Der.c:ccetyl Alcohol Group B--- Foam Stability Between 110 And 60 Minutes Low ~ J.r :e o.;o ?ciycxye:hyiene Sorbitol Hexaoleate Group C. -- Foam Stability Less Than 10 Minutes Lew Low Medium: Lew Low Low Poor Good Poor Poor Poor Good -- -- 54 !2 25 21 -- Tertiary ratty Amines (N-Alkyl Dimethyl Amines' -- Alkyl Quaternary Ammonium Salt 0.11 Alkyl Amine Derivative 0.15 Long Cham Hydrocarbon Sulfonate Comoosnion 0.07 Polyglycerol Oleate 0.06 Diethylene Glycol Mono-Oleate Nor. -fAn. Cationic Nonionic Anionic Nonionic Cationic Nonionic Nonionic Nonionic Nonionic Anionic Nonionic Nonionic Nonionic Nonionic Ncmonic Lew Low Low Low Low Low Low Low High Low Lew Low Low Low Low Low Fair Good Fur Good Poor Fair Good Poor Good Poor Good poor Fair Fair Fair Fair 26 20 -- -- 16 13 17 -- -- 31 23 -- -- -- _ _ 0.06 0.06 -- -- 0.09 0.07 0^9 0.12 -- 0.06 0.06 0.11 0.07 0.07 Diethyier.e Glycol Oleate N-Alkyl Trimethylene Diamine Polyglycerol Ester of a Fatty Acid Complex Fatty Add Derivative of Aliphatic Sulfonate Polyoxyethylene Oleate Tertiary Amine--Ethylene Oxide Condensate Hydrogenated Tallow Amide Polyoxyethylene Sorbitol Oleate Laurate Nonyl Phenoxy Poly (Ethyleneoxy) Ethanol Long Chain Fatty Add Alkanolamide Synthetic Petroleum Sulfonate Ethylene Oxide Condensate .. .. Coconut Fatty Acid Diethanol amide 0.08 As Named 0.08 Nor.ionic Low Fair -- 0.08 PEG 60G Dicieate PEG D'.*-'.ncinoi-ate 400 PEG Monoricmcl#a:e 400 Propylene Glycol Oleate Scar. 20 S'-'r.c:ex Nor.ionic Nor.ionic Nor.ionic Nonionic Nonionic Nonionic Anionic Group C -- Foam Stability Less Than 10 Minutes Low Low Low Low Low High Low Good Poor Poor Fair -- _ _ Fair Fair Good 37 ;7 0.07 As Named 0.13 o,:i _ 0.06 Sorbitar Monolaurate 0.13 A Compounded Product G.06 Sodium Sulfate Derivative o: 2,9-Diethyi Tr:decanol-S Tnerharolamine Laurate Tween 95 Ultrapole DL Tween 21 Anionic Nonionic Nonionic Nonionic Low Low Low Low Good Fair Fair Fair -- _ -- 14 0.05 0.13 0.05 0 07 Polyoxyethylene Sorbitar. Trioleate Modifies Diethanolamide Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monoiaurate Product names other than chemical descriptions are trademarks of respective suppliers of the surfactants. EID11670 Surfactant** Table IV. Emulsion Stability Less Than 5 Minutes Acetuian Aerosol-AY* Aerosol-3* Aercsoi-CS .Aerosoi-CT Aercsci-TR Ahccwei-129 .A.amac*H26D .A.arr.:ne-204 A.amne-206 .Aiam:ne-2I5 .Aiam.ne-221 Aiam:ne-3Q4 AIam.r.e-236 Alccjet Aiiquat-4 Aaquat-5 Aliquat-6 Aliquat-7 Aiiquat-1! Aiiqual-l 5 Aiiquat-21 Ahquat-26 Aiiquat-33 Aiiquat-204 A:iqual-336 Aliquat-721 Aliquat-726 Alkanol-B* Alkanol-DW* Alkanol-EA AlkanoI-HC Alkanol-HCS* Alkanol-HGN Alkanol-OJ Alkanol-OP Alkanol-SMO Alkanol-WXN* Alkanol-189S Alkanol-1009 Alkaterge-A* Alkaterge-C* Alkaterge-T* Alrodyne-255* Alroriyne-315* AlrosoI-3 Alrosol-C* Alrcsol-O* A;:osol-S* Alrcsperse-DC* Airosperse-100' Airowax-75* Amerchol-BL Amerchol-L-101 * Arlacel-C* Ariacel-20 Arlacel-40* Arlacel-60* Ariacel-8C* Ariacel-83* Arlacel-85* Armac-C* Annac-CD-SQ Araac-OD Armac-TD Armac-8D Arquad* Arquad-S* Arquad-T* Arquad-2HT* Arquad-12* Arquad-14* Arquad-16* Arquad-18* Atlas G-3335 Atlas G-12* Atlas G-672 Atlas G-7U Atlas G-1096 Atlas G-1256* Atlas G-1300* Atlas G-1A71 Atlas G-173V At.as G-I790 Atlas G-2162* At.as G-22B2 .nt.ac G-2625 Atlas G-28S9 At.as sj-Jbd4 t. as G-378U At.as G-3810 Atlas 3-3820 At.as G-3910 .Atlas G-3920 At.as G-8916 Aticx-1045 A:iox-1096* A v;tex-SF A v.tone-SR A vitone-T Bise-410M 3r.;-30 3r:;-35 Erytor.-430 Sulfonate 3:y:on-460-L Cer.trol-2SB Lecithir. Cer.trolene-S Certax-1400 Condensate-PE* Condensate-PEM* Condensate-PL* Condensate-PO* Dariloid-Q Dar:ioid-XL Daxad-23* Deriphat-150* Deriphat-151* Der;phat-154* Deriphat-157* Der;phat-16C* Detergent-MXP* Diam-26 Diethylene Glycol Monostearate Diglycol Stearate Neutral Dispersant NI-O* Dispersant NI-4 Dr.coid-K Duomax-T Duomeen-C-SO Duomeen CA-50 Duomeen CDA-50 Duomeen TDO-50 Duomeen TMO Duponol AM Duponol D Paste* Duponol P* Duponol G* Duponol KO Duponol L-144-WDG* Duponol LS Paste* Duponol ME Dry* Duponol OS* Duponol QC Duponol RA* Duponol SN* Duponol ST* Duponol WA-Dry Duponol WAQ* Duponol WAQA Duponol WAT* Duponol WS* Duponol XL* Duponol 80* Emargol* Emcol D-7Q-31 Emcol E-ll* Emcol E-607* Emcol RDC-D Emcol-5133-P* Emulphor 'EL-620* Emulphor EL-719* Emulohor ON Emulphor ON-870* Emuisym-410* Ethoauomeen-T ''20 Eihoducmeer.-T 25 Ethofat 242-ic" Etnomeer.-C- .: Ethorr.eer.-C 2C Ethomeer.- -//2c Eihomeer.-D Etnomeer.-SEthomeen-S. 2C Ethomeer.-3/ 25 Ethomeer.-T '15' Ethomeen-7/2S Ethomeer.-20/25 Ethomeen-1 Ethomeen-18/2C Ethomeen-!8/25 Ethomeer.-l 8/5C Estersull* Foamole-AR' Foamoie-AW' Foamole-2-APD * Glycercl Moncoleate S-I097 Glycerol Moncoleate-60 Glycerol Monostearate Pure Glycerol MonoRicinoieate Glycerol Mor.r stearate-W Hallcomid M-8-1C Hallcomid M-16-OL Hallcomid M-12 Hallcomid M-14 Hyonic PE-25C* Hyonic FA-20* Hyonic FA-4C' Hvontc FS* igepal CA-710 Igepal CO-43C* Igepal CO-710 Igepal CC-730 Igepal CO-85C Igepal CO-88C Isopropanoiamme Oleate qr50 Kelacia Kelcoioid-HV Kelcoioid-LV Kelcoloic-C Kelccsol Kelgir. Keigm-LV Kelgin-XL Keltex Keltone Keltose Kelco-GeL-LV Kessccwax-A-21 Kessccwax A-33 Makon 4* Makon 10* Makon-14* Merpentine* Merpol-B Merpol-C Merpol-F Merpol-L Miranol CM* Miranol C2M* Miranol SM* Monamid CE Monamid 150-AD* Monamid 150ADD* Monamid ISQ-l* Monamid 150-M* Monamid 150-TF* Monamine ADS-100 Monamine Ar-100 Mono-L Muiscr-224' Muiscr*22S Muiscr-461 * Myd-49* Mvr-S 1 Mvr-52 Mvr - S3' Mvr-58* Mvverol 13-26* Necccne-LD ' Ntr.ol AA62N'mcl A52 Extra* Mmol 128 Extra* >i:no. 20! Nine. 37S Extra' mci 2C i 2A cr.isci 213 crascl 3C0 Nopa.cci 5-0 Ncpcsger. 15 Perecal-D Petrcnate-CP. ?et:csUi-742 Petrcwet WN* Plurcnic F-68* Pluronic L-64* Plurcnic ?-75 ?oiy:or.-H ?oly:cn-0 Poiyicr.-T Polyetnyiene Glycci 400 Diiaurate Polyethylene Glycol 600 Diiaurate Polyethylene Giycoi 1QQC Diiaurate Polyethylene Glycol 4QC0 Diiaurate' Polyethylene Giycoi 10GC Dicieate* Polvethviene Glycci 1540 Dicieate* Polyethylene Giycoi 4000 Dicieate C Polyethylene Glycci 50CC Dicieate* Polyethylene Glycci 20C Dtstearate' Polyethylene Glycci 40C Distearate* Polyethylene Glycci 1300 Dtstearate Polyethylene Glycci 154C Distearate' Polyethylene Glycci 400C Distearate* Polyethylene Glycol 6000 Distearate* Polyethylene Glycci 100 Monoiaurate' Polyethylene Glycci 60C Monoiaurate* Polyethylene Glycci 4000 Monoiaurate' Polyethylene Giycoi 200 Monooleate Polyethylene Giycoi 300 Monooleate Polyethylene Glycci 600 Monooleate Polyethylene Giycoi 1540 Monooleate Polyethylene Glycol 4000 Monooleate Polyethylene Glycol 500C Monooleate Polyethylene Giycoi 600 Monostearate* Polyethylene Giycoi 1000 Monostearaie* Polyethylene G'.vrci Product niuna other than i-hemica] description arc trademarks of respective supplier< of :h* suriactima. * -- Sample* had an emulsion .stability of ta* than 1 minate. !54C Monosieorate' Po.vethylene Glycol 4000 Monostearate* Pcr'ethylene Glycol 5CCC Monostearate* Pc.vethvlene Glvcol -4 DC Monoricmcleate- D P'covier.e Glvcol Men Prcrvlene Givcc: Men Pr.minox 7-5 Pr.minox R-5 Prtmmcx P-15 Pr.minox T-25 Prcmuiger. ?rocuct-3EO Prccuct-3DO Product-03 Rer.ex 20* Renex 31 * Renex 678* Retarder Lan Sarkosyl-L Sarkosy!-LC* Sarkosyl-LSLC Sarkosyi-NL-30 Sarkosy 1-NL-100* Sarkosyl-0 Seakem-2 Seakem-5 Seakem-8 Seakem-10 Seakem-15 Sipon ES Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate* Solan Sole-Mulse E-75 Sole-Mulse-B Soie-Or.ic-PGE Scle-Onic-PGO Scle-Terge-52* Scivadine-S Sotex-N* Span-40* Scan-60' Scan-80 Scan-85* Sucrodet-3-60C* Sucrodet D-60C* 3uperair.ide-GR 3uceramide-L9* Sur.onic N-10 Synthetic-AF-40* Synthetic AF-I00* Synthetic AF-I5G* Synthetic AR-100 Synthrapoi-N* Tergitol Nonicntc NP-14* Teraitol Nonionic NP-27* Tergitol Nonior.ic XD* Triethanolamine Mvristate Triton WR-1339* Triton X-45* Triton X-100* Tween 20 Tween 40 Tween 60* Tween 80* LTtrawei-K Victawet-12* V.ctawet 35-3* EID11671 ( A FOR FURTHER INFORMATION Please contact one of the following district offices: 60 Glenwood Avenue East Orange. New .Jersey 07013 Phone: 676-1112 i Area Code 201) 7 South Dearborn Street Chicago. Illinois 60603 Phone: 263-7000 CArea Code 312) 701 Welch Road Palo Alto, California 94304 Phone: 326-2840 i Area Code 415) 712 Main Street Suite.324 Gulf Building Houston, Texas 77002 Phone: 222-2468 (Area Code 713) or: Wilmington, Delaware 19898 Phone: PRospect 4-6028 (Area Code 302) 3503 North Hoyt Street El Monte, California 91734 Phone: 283-0548 (Area Code 213) ( The information contained herein is based on technical data and tests which we believe to be reliable and is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their own discretion and risk. Since conditions of use are outside of Du Pont's control, we can assyme no liability for results obtained or damages incurred through the application of the data presented. Publication of the information in this bulletin should not be under stood as permission or recommendation for the use of "Freon" compounds in violation of any patents. Better Things for Better Living . . . through Chemistry E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & COMPANY INCORPORATED "FREON" PRODUCTS DIVISION Wilmington, Delaware 19898 ITED JS* EID11672