Document mmE7wYLgGwQp8MRLXRG1GBKLg

lriX:i Monsanto! UJ ItfO 001 TOWOLDMON0020626 WATER PCB-00005095 0019525 TOWOLDMON0020627 WATER_PCB-00005096 AROCLOR COMPOUNDS ARE... Fire-Retardant Inert Chemical Resistant Heat Stable "Adjustable" Properties Adhesive Nonvolatile Thermoplastic Nonoxidizing Low Cost FOR ... Plasticising Impregnating Bulking Reducing Volatility Tackifying Insulating . Coating Inert Matrixes Dedusting Film Forming The aroclor* compounds--produced by Monsanto 'Chemical Company--are the only low-cost, inert, in tercompatible liquids and solids that can be inter mixed to provide plasticizing, fire-retardant, insulat ing, lubricating liquids, with tailored viscosities from the consistency of light mineral oil to that of the most viscous syrup (or solid resin) and with the capacity to perform such a variety of functions in so many industries. aroclor is registered in the U. S. Patent Office as the trademark for Monsanto Chemtcat-Company's chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbons and their deriva tives, including chlorinated biphenyl. Whenever in this bulletin, for the convenience of the reader, aroclor is used as a plural noun, the term refers to Monsanto's aroclor brand of'ehlorinated polypheny) compounds. ' The information contained in this bulletin it to our best inowl- edge. true and accurate, but all recommendations or suggestions are made without guarantee, since the conditions of use are beyond our control. The Monsanto SJvemritet Company disclaims any liability incurred in connection with the use of these deta or suggestions. . Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with existing , patents covering any material or its use. TOWOLDMON0020628 WATER_PCB-00005097 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1 DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................................. 2 COMPATIBILITY.............................................................................................................................. 3 AROCLOK^IN SYNTHETIC RESINS ....................................................................................... 4 Polyvinyl Chloride .............................................................................................................. 4 Polyvinyl Acetate ................................................................................................................ 11 Epoxies......................................... 13 Polyesters.............................................................................................................................. 16 Polyethylene ........................................................................................................................ 17 Polystyrene .......................................................................................................................... 18 Polyurethanes ...................................................................................................................... 18 Phenolics .............................................................................................................................. 19 AROCLOR^ IN RUBBERS ........................................................................................................... 20 Chlorinated Rubber and Polypropylene ......................................................................... 20 Styrene-Butadiene Copolymers ......................................................................................... 22 Synthetic and Natural Rubbers ....................................................................................... 23 AROCLOR^IN CELLULOSIC RESINS ..................................................................................... 27 Ethyl Cellulose .................................................................................................................... 27 Nitrocellulose ...................................................................................................................... 28 Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate ............................................................................................... 31 AROCLOR\ IN PAINT, VARNISH, WAX, AND ASPHALT .............................................. 32 ' Paint and Varnish .............................................................................................................. 32 Wax ...................................................................................................................................... 34 001952 7 ( TOWOLDMON0020629 WATER_PCB-00005098 Asphalt...................................................................................................................... 35 Allyl Starch ........................................................................................................................ 35 AROCLOR^ IN MISCELLANEOUSAPPLICATIONS .............................................................. 36 Dust Prevention and Dust Catching............................................................................... 36 Vapor Suppression (Longer-lasting Insecticides) .......................................................... 36 Moisture Proofing................................................................................................................ 36 Pigment Dispersion ................................... 37 Sealing and Impregnation ................................................................................................. 37 PROPERTIES OF THE AROCLORCOMPOUNDS ................................................................. 39 Solubility ......................................................... .V.................................................................. 40 Monsanto Specifications and GeneralPhysical Properties (Chart)..................... 41,42 Density ............................................................................................................................... 43 Specific Volume ................................................................................................................. 43 Volatility .............................................................................................................................. 44 Vapor Pressure ................................................................................................................... 45 Viscosity ........................ 46 Stability ..................................................................................................................................46 Nonflammability ................................................................................................................. 47 Nondrying and Thermoplastic Properties ..................................................................... 47 Electrical Properties ......................................................................................................... 47 How to Emulsify aroclors .................................................................................... 48 DERMATOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY ..................................................................................... 49 SAFE HANDLING ........................................................................................................................... 50 SHIPPING .......................................................................................................................................... 50 0019528 TOWOLDMON0020630 WATER_PCB-00005099 6 INTRODUCTION The unique aroclor plasticizers are among the most versatile chemically-produced materials known to industry. One outstanding characteristic--mermen--makes aroclor^ useful in many ways for many different applications. The major benefits offered by the aroclor^ include: Chemical Resistance Fire Retardance Compatibility with most resins Nonoxidation Adhesivity Low Cost In this bulletin are described- some of their many important plasticizing and related applica tions, including numerous suggested starting formulations. Examination of their physical properties, also given in considerable detail, may suggest scores of new uses that could not be performed by any other known material. Additional information about the aroclor compounds is available from your nearest Monsanto district sales office in the following technical bulletins: ft , ' .j ,> 0/ `V!V i' ' ' \, / '/ The aroclor Compounds (general, including mechanical, electrical, heat-transfer, and other non-plasticizer applications) ' PL-307 ...........Monsanto Plasticizers in Synthetic-Resin Adhesives PL-311 ............ aroclor Plasticizers for Chlorinated Rubber PL-321 ........... aroclor 1221, 1232, 1242 for Polyvinyl Acetate-Emulsion Adhesives ^ PL-327 ........... Monsanto Plasticizers in Protective Coatings S PL-331 ........... Monsanto Modifiers for Polysulfides CS-14 ............. aroclor Plasticizers in Epoxy Resins 1 00X9*49 TOWOLDMON0020631 WATER_PCB-00005100 0_____________________ ~%fi DESCRIPTION_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ l*$ Monsanto's aroclor plasticizers comprise a series of chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated polvphcnyls. They vary from mobile, oily liquids to white crystals and hard, transparent resins. Twelve of the akoclok compounds, each of which represents a series, are discussed in this bul letin. An understanding of the system for designation of each aroclor should prove useful in the evaluation of the property gradations among them: the last two digits indicate the approximate weight percentage of chlorine in the product, and the first two digits indicate the type of material, as follows: * 12 --- chlorinated biphenyls 25 --blend of chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated triphenyls (60:40) 44 -- blend of chlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated triphenyls (75:25) 54 -- chlorinated triphenyls For nearly every aroci.or mentioned, a darker, less-pure grade exists, with about the same physical and chemical characteristics, but with a lower price. aroclor compounds are nonoxidizing, inert, permanently thermoplastic, of low volatility, non corrosive to metals, and low cost, aroclor conijxjunds are not hydrolyzed by water and resist alkalies, acids, and corrosive chemicals. The viscous, more-highly-chlorinated liquids and resins do not support combustion, and they impart fire retardance to other materials. The crystalline aroclor compounds are relatively insoluble, but the liquid anti resinous com pounds are soluble in most of the common organic solvents, thinners, and oils. All aroclor compounds are insoluble in water and glycerine, aroclor 54o0 is insoluble in lower-molecularweight alcohols: aroclor 4465 is only partly soluble in the lower alcohols. aroclor compounds plasticize a great many resins without softening them unduly. The aroclor compounds are unsurpassed for the plasticizing of protective coatings, particularly for use in chemical plants and other facilities that require a tough, chemically resistant suriace, aroclor plasticizers can also be used to flexibilize sealing compounds, adhesives, lacquers, inks, var nishes, free films, fabric coatings, and pigment dispersions. They are also used as components or extenders in elastomers and waxes. The properties of many end products can be improved -- yet at reduced overall cost -- by the use of an aroclor as either a primary or a secondary plasticizer. The properties imparted by aroclor compounds (and their usefulness in particular applica tions) vary in regular gradient over the series. Selection of the right aroclor for a particular use can generally be made by comparison of the properties, by "blending" two or more, and by adjusting the percentages used in the particular mixture in which the aroclor compounds are formulated. Monsanto's Plasticizer Council can provide specific formulation guidance that many help you improve your product or lower your processing cost. Processors are invited to ask the nearest Monsanto office for help on special problems. 0019530 2 TOWOLDMON0020632 WATER_PCB-00005101 fi__________ 1 COMPATIBILITY The aroclor plasticizers are compatible with most common plastics materials; they are com patible to the extent of practical use with the following: Asphalt Benzyl Cellulose Carnauba Wax Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate Chlorinated Rubber Coumarone-Indene Resins Damar Resin Ester Gum Ethyl Cellulose Epoxy Resins Nitrocellulose Paraffin Phenolic Resins Polyethylene Polyester Resins Polystyrene Resins Polyisobutylene Folysulfides Polyurethanes Polyvinyl Acetate Polyvinyl Butyral Polyvinyl Chloride Folyvinylidene Chloride Rosin Rubber Styrene-Butadiene Copolymers aroclor compounds are not compatible with phenolic resins in the final stage of condensation or with cellulose acetate. aroclor compounds generally impart progressively increasing properties in the direction of the arrows in the following diagram: Liquid aroclor^ Soft, Resinous AROCLOR^ Hard, Resinous AROCLOR^ Hardness Flame Flexibility Retardance Volatility Density Viscosity Usually the desired balance between flexibility and hardness can be obtained either by selec tion of an aroclor with the appropriate physical characteristics or by use of a blend of two or more aroclor compounds. In evaluation of formulations that contain aroclor plasticizers, the compounder should thor oughly test an experimental product for compatibility, heat and light stability, and other properties, according to normal industry practices. 3 0019531 TOWOLDMON0020633 WATER_PCB-00005102 0__________________________________ ^ AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS IN SYNTHETIC RESINS Low-cost aroclor plasticizers are valuable for a variety of applications, aroclor plasticizers improve chemical resistance, flame retardance, and oxidation resistance. Depending upon the use, the various aroclor compounds offer a number of benefits to the user. In almost all formulations, the use of an aroclor plasticiser reduces the over-all cost per pound. IN POLYVINYL CHLORIDE The aroclor compounds are valuable in polyvinyl chloride and copolymers as secondary plasticizers or as plasticizer extenders. The aroclor plasticizers impart flame retardance and chemical resistance. Selection of the proper aroclor enables compounders to impart such special properties to their formulations as: Resistance to migration to nitrocellulose lacquers (aroclor 1260 and 1262). Fine, uniform cell structure in vinyl foam (aroclor 1262 and 1268). Adhesion in vinyl coatings (aroclor 1260 and 5460). Viscosity stability in plastisols (aroclor 1248 and 1254). .; ( ; I r Li \1 '' TifisL n The control specimen burns rapidly; the one containing Aroclor does not even ignite. 001.9532 TOWOLDMON0020634 WATER_PCB-00005103 Compatibility aroclor compounds (except aroclor 1268) are compatible to about 25 per cent of the total plasticizer content in polyvinyl chloride and usually somewhat greater in copolymer resins. At these levels, no exudation occurs in the loop-compatibility test, one of the most severe used by the industry. Performance As an illustration of the performance of aroclor plasticizers, Table I shows evaluation of the five most commonly used in polyvinyl chloride. TABLE I -- PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF FIVE AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS IN POLYVINYL CHLORIDE HardConcen-J new tration (Shore AROCLOR (parti) "A") 1248 1254 1260 4465 5442 15 87 15 88 15 89 17.5 89 17.5 87 Void* b tllity (Plasti cizer lt. %) Kerosene l' Extraction (Plasticizer los*- %) Low-Temp Flexibility (Clash & Berg) (VC) 19 23 14 24 11 32 6 19 6 16 --26 --24 --22 --19 --20 Tensile Strength (Psi) 2330 2310 2200 ------------ Modulus 1320 1360 1330 -- -- Elonga tion (%) 342 334 315 -- -- Ingredients a) Opalon* 660 PVC resin Dioctyl Phthalate Calcium Carbonate Stabilizer AROCLOR b) 24 hours at 87C over activated carbon c) 96 hours at 25C Parts by Weight 100 45 40 3 indicated Heat and Light Stability aroclor compounds impart good heat stability but somewhat reduce the light stability of vinyl formulations, but no more so than do many other secondary plasticizers commonly used in the industry. Light stability of the system may be improved by incorporation of a small amount of light-screening agent, such as 0.1 percent Tinuvin P.** Opalcn: Moniinto Chcminl Compiny tndtmirlc. Rrciitcird in U. S. Pttrnt Office. Tr*dt(nrk of Ceigy Chemical Co. s 00X9533 TOWOLDMON0020635 WATER_PCB-00005104 Chemical Resistance For imparting resistivity to chemical attack, the aroclor compounds are unsurpassed. Inde pendent evaluations of the chemical resistance of vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer paint, modified by eight types of materials (alkyd resin, phenolic-chinawood oil varnish, ester gumlinseed oil varnish, aroclor 1254, dioctyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, polymeric plasticizer, and acrylic polymer), showed that aroclor 1254 has the "best all-around chemical resistance, failing badly only in the gasoline test." Paints were sprayed onto solvent-cleaned, unprimed, cold-rolled-steel panels, which were then immersed in seven types of solutions until failure. The data in Table II, excerpted from the November 1955 issue of Official Digest of the Federation of Paint and Varnish Production Clubs, compare the chemical resistance imparted by aroclor 1254 and by dioctyl phthalate. TABLE II -- COMPARATIVE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF PLASTICIZERS IN VINYL CHLORIDE-VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMER PAINT Plavtieirers Time to Failure in Corrosive Media Dioctyl Phtha AROCLOR late 1254 (%) (%} 10% Sodium Hydrox ide (days) 10% Hydro chloric Acid (hours] _10 120J 92 -- 10 120a 168" 25 -- 60 24 -- 25 120 120 40 ,, 60 24 -- 50 120 96 Gasoline (days) 0.4 5 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 a) End of test 5% Sodium Hypo chlorite (days) 4 13 4 14.5 4 11 10% Acetic Acid (hours) 84 168* 84 120 48 100 Linseed Oil Fatty Acids (days) i% Tide at I60*F (days) 60 21 90* 22 27 25 90* 22 22 25 60 22 In other corrosion-resistance tests of polyvinyl, chloride plastisols, containing 70 parts plasti cizer per 100 parts resin a formulation that contained 1 part aroclor 1254 to 3 parts dioctyl phthalate was much more resistant to 15 per cent nitric acid at either 23 or 50C for sixmonths than a compound plasticized with dioctyl phthalate alone. The plastisol modified with both aroclor 1254 and dioctyl phthalate was also more resistant to 25 per cent chromic oxide at 50C for four weeks and was equivalent at 23C for six months in comparison with the dioctyl phthalate-modified vinyl plastisol. Migration Resistance The use of aroclor 1262 as a coplasticizer with dioctyl phthalate greatly enhances the re sistance of plasticizer migration to nitrocellulose lacquers and films. Table III compares this property for four formulations. t 00V>*3`' I TOWOLDMON0020636 WATER_PCB-00005105 TABLE III -- PLASTICIZER MIGRATION TO NITROCELLULOSE LACQUERS AND FILMS Plasticizer4 Dioctyl Phthalate Polymeric Plasticizer aroclox 1262 Hardness, Shore "A" Time (weeks) Room Temperature 1 2 3 4 5 10 50 C 1 2 3 4 5 10 AROCLOR and DOP (parts) 66 -- 20 n No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change General Motors Lacquer Test (158F; 72 hr.; J'a-psi load) Indentation, Very Slight Softening a) Formulation Ingredient* Opolon 660 PVC Resin Epoxy Soybean Oil Barium-Cadmium Laurate Calcium Carbonate Plasticizer Control (DOP) (ports) 71 -- -- 72 AROCLOR, DOP, and Polymeric (parts] 36 33 20 72 Polymeric and DOP (parts) 38 35 -- 73 No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change No Change Very Slight Marking Very Slight Marking Very Slight Marking Very Slight Marking Slight Marking Slight Marking Slight Marking Moderate Marking Moderate Marking Moderate Marking Moderate Marking Severe Marking Very Slight Softening Slight Softening Slight Softening Slight Softening Extreme Softening Lifting Slight Marking Slight Marking Slight Marking Slight Marking Slight Marking Slight Marking Very Slight Softening Very Slight Softening Slight Softening Slight Softening Slight Softening Moderate Softening Extreme Softening Parts by Weight 100 3 3 25 as indicated 7 00X9535 TOWOLDMON0020637 WATEFLPCB-00005106 Plastisols The use of an aroclor as a coplasticizer with dioctyl phthalate in polyvinyl chloride plastisols or organosols contributes greatly to the viscosity stability of these materials, especially at elevated temperatures. This benefit is especially important whenever shelf stability is required. Although the initial viscosity of the pastisol or organosol is increased by the use of an aroclor in the formulation, the viscosity reduction upon temperature elevation (before the fusion temperature is reached) is much greater than when most other plasticizers are used. A comparison of the viscosity stability of plaslisol formulations with and without aroclor is given in Table IV. 25*C Initial 1 Day i Week 2 Weeks 4 Weeks 40*C Initial 1 Day 1 Week 2 Weeks 4 Weeks 50'C Initial 1 Day 1 Week 2 Weeks 4 Weeks TABLE IV --VISCOSITY STABILITY OP PLASTISOLS Dioctyl Phthalate (80 PHR) Viscositya (poises) AROCLOR 1254(20 PHR) Dioctyl Phthalate (60 PHR) Viscosity0 (poises] AROCLOR 5460 Dioctyl Phthalate Viscosity (poises) 36 65 97 116 132 49 63 78 75 148 92 154 161 178 252 37 48 84 98 215 .108 305 no 426 209 68 136 139 164 Z74 66 94 gel 660 980 gel 100 470 900 gel a) Brookfield LVF viscometer, No. 4 spindle, 12 rpm 8 I TOWOLDMON0020638 WATER_PCB-00005107 Dipping Plasttsols. The chemical resistance of aroclor compounds is used to good advantage in chrome-plating-bath coatings and in glove coatings, as illustrated by the following formula tion for a clear glove-dipping pla&tisol: Ingredienb Option 440 PVC resin AROCLOR 1254 Diisodecyl Phthalate Sanlicizer* 160 HB-40* Secondary Plasticizer Liquid Barium-Cadmium Stabilizer Liquid Chelator-Stabilizer Santocel* 54 Silica Aerogel Parts by Weight 100 20 50 Z5 20 2 0.5 3 Sealers. The adhesion-imparting characteristics of asoclor compounds, their oxidation stabili ty, and their chemical resistance are utilized in the manufacture of automotive sealers, such as the following suggested starting formulations: Ingredients Option 440 PVC resin ^ V'mylite* * VMCH resin AROCLOR 1260 Diisodecyl Phthalate Sanlicizer 160 Calcium Carbonate Epoxy Soybean Oil Dibasic Lead Phosphite Parts by Weight 96 4 50 100 28 125 5 3 Fabric-Coating Vinyl Dispersions. The use of aroclor plasticizers in organosol or plastisol formulations enables the manufacture of fire-retardant free films and coated fabrics with a high degree of hardness, yet flexibility. The following typical starting formulation for a vinyl organosol to be used for free film or coated fabric illustrates this effect: Ingredienb Option 440 PVC resin Dioctyl Phthalate aroclor 1254 Liquid Barium-Cadmium Stabilizer Epoxy Soybean Oil \ Thinner Xylene Parts by Weight 100 33 10 2.5 3 20-35 15-25 *HB 40. SdniiriM'. d Santcrel: Moruinto Chemical Company Trademark*. Regiatered in U. S. Patent Office. Trademark of Union Carbide Plattice Co. * 001953, | TOWOLDMON0020639 WATER_PCB-00005108 Rigid Plastisols. The viscosity characteristics of the aroclor plasticizers are utilized in the following formulation for rigid, rotationally-cast objects. The formulation is very viscous when first made up, hut when heat is applied, the viscosity decreases so that a smoothlvflowing plastisol is obtained. The finished object has a Shore 'TV' hardness of 63. Ingredients Option 440 PVC resin Gcon* 201 PVC resin aroclor 1254 SatUitizer 141 Epoxy Octyl Tallate Liquid Barium-Cadmium Stabilizer Liquid Zinc Stabilizer Polyethylene Glycol 400 Monolaurate Parts by Weight 55 45 35 10 5 2' 0.5 .1 Vinyl Foam aroclor 1262 and 1268 impart fine, uniform cell structure and flame resistance to chemicallyblown vinyl foam, as exemplified by the following formulations: Ingredients Option 440 PVC resin AROCLOR 1262 AROCLOR 1268 Dioctyl Phthalate Diisodecyl Phthalate Di-(//-Octyl, -Decyl) Adipate Santkizcr 214 Santkizcr 409 Butyl Oleate Liquid Barium-Cadmium Stabilizer Epoxy Resin Neutral Calcium Petronate Calcium Oxide Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Nitrosan** Chemical blowing agent Parts by Weight 100 -- 20 40 -- -- -- 50 5 2 -- 3.6 -- -- 10 100 20 _ -- 50 10 15 -- -- 3 2 3.6 1 1.6 10 100 -- 10 -- 30 30 -- -- -- 3 2 3.6 1 1.6 5 Flame-Retardant Floor Tile The nonflammability of the aroclor compounds suggests their use in the manufacture of flame-retardant vinyl-asbestos floor tile for military applications. In Table V is presented an evaluation of three aroclor plasticizers in typical vinyl-asbestos-tile formulations. Substitution of antimony oxide for part of the limestone is suggested for still greater fire retardance. Trdcmfk of B. F. Goodrich Chemical Co. Tiadcnwk of . I. du Pont de Ncmour* V Co.. Inc. 10 001943a I TOWOLDMON0020640 WATER_PCB-00005109 TABLE V --EVALUATION OF AROCLOR IN FLAME-RETARDANT, VINYL-ASBESTOS FLOOR TILE Santifizer 160 aroclor 1254 AROCLOR 1260 AROCLOR 5460 McBurney Inden tation Hardness Banbury Time (to reach 280F, sec.) Time to band on roll mill (sec.) Plasticity Tack Surface Controla (parts) 37 -- _ -- 7.8 AROCLOR 1254 AROCLOR 1260 AROCLOR 5460 (parts) (parts) (parts) 30 15 _ -- 9.6 . 36 -- 17 -- 10.4 40 -- 20 11.2 99 . 96 102 115 15 10 10 5 Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent 'Excellent 1 Fair Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent Excellent a) Formulation Ingredients Opalon 506 I*VC Resin Sanlicizer 160 AROCLOR Asbestos Limestone Titanium Dioxide Stabilizer Parts by Weight 100 As Indicated As Indicated 160 290 15 5 IN POLYVINYL ACETATE aroclor compounds are excellent plasticizers for polyvinyl acetate-emulsion adhesives and hotmelt adhesives. The excellent tack and strong bonding power they impart and their low cost contribute greatly to the profitability of these adhesives. Emulsion Adhesives - The liquid aroclor\--such as aroclor 1221, 1232, and 1242 -- blend readily by simple stir ring with polyvinyl acetate emulsion at up to 11 parts per 100 parts of emulsion. They greatly improve the quick-tack and fiber-tear properties of the adhesive. The performance of aroclor plasticizers in polyvinyl acetate-emulsion adhesives is compared with that imparted by dibutyl 0019539 | TOWOLDMON0020641 WATER_PCB-00005110 phthalate in Table VI. The following is suggested as a typical starting formulation for a lowcost, quick-tack adhesive: Ingredients Cctva* S-55 PVAc Emulsion aroclor 1232 Parts by Weight 100 11 TABLE VI -- PERFORMANCE OF PLASTICIZERS IN POLYVINYL ACETATE-EMULSION ADHESIVES Hardness (Shore`'A") Low-Temperature Flexibility (Clash & Berg, Tf, C) Volatility (24 hr., 86C over activated charcoal) (Plasticizer lost, %) Kerosene Extraction (24 hr., 25C) (Plasticizer lost, %) Dibutyl Phthalate (II PHR) 69 AROCLOR 1221 (II PHR] 66 AROCLOR 1232 (II PHR) 86 AROCLOR 1242 (II PHR) 97 -- 10.2 -- 5.9 4.0 5.3 4.0 4.8 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.5 3.8 4.2 Formulation Viscosity (cp.) Initiald 1 Day 3 Days 4 Days 5 Days 7 Days 10 Days 2420 2460 -- 2520 -- -- -- 2240 -- 2200 -- 2200 2180 2260 2160 -- 2060 -- 2040 2020 2060 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- ) Initial viscosity of unplasticized emulsion: 1500 centipoises When the slight odor of aroclor is objectionable in an adhesive for certain applications, it can be easily masked, at negligible cost, by the addition of six grams of either Odormasqvc** 1004 (camphor) or Odormasquc 1066 (fruit) per drum of adhesive. *G<lva: 6hawmmn Renn* Corp. Tridemirk. Rcjtiitrfed in U. S. Patent Office. **Tr*dcmarl of Potik V Schwari, Inc. ooi`5', 12 TOWOLDMON0020642 WATER_PCB-00005111 Hot-Melt Adhesives aroclor compounds are widely used as plasticizers in polyvinyl acetate hot-melt adhesives for bookbinding and other applications. Four suggested started formulations for evaluation are as follows: ., Ingredient Parts by Weight Application Temperature 165* I75*C LowMelting AtlcaliDlspersable Polyvinyl Acetate Opalon 505 PVC resin Modified Rosin Coumarone-lndene Resin (soft) AROCLOR 1254 aroclor 1260 Dibutyl Phthalate Santicizer 160 (or dibutyl phthalate) Clay Fluxing Resin (Filtros* Resin WAV') Acrauiax C** Sodium Benzoate Viscosity (centipoises) 95 11 5 -- -- --- 50-75 -- 50-75 -- -- _ -- c) Gelva V-7 (Shawinigan Resins Corp.) 100-- _--_ 55 -- -- 30 25 75 _ -- 50 b 38 c ---- 25 -- -- 28.3 12 27 ---- 13 7 ---- ---- --_ --1 -- 0.76 2000 (120C) 3500 (175C) Non-blocking Non-blocking b) Gelva C-3 V-10 (Shawinigan Resins Corp.) c) Gelva C-S V-16 (Shawinigan Resins Corp.) IN EPOXY RESINS The aroclor compounds probably have greater compatibility with epoxy resins than any other available, nonrcactive, plasticizer-modifiers. The excellent chemical resistance, oxidation resis tance, and adhesive qualities imparted by the aroclor compounds reinforce these important beneficial properties of epoxies and thereby help the compounder reduce his formulation costs materially without significant adverse affect on performance. The lower-molecular-weight, liquid aroclor compounds (such as 1221 and 1232) have maxi mum plasticizing efficiency and impart the most flexibilizing to epoxy compounds. The more viscous, resinous aroclor compounds have progressively less effect on epoxy flexibility: the high-molecular-weight, solid aroclor compounds (1268, 2565, 4465, 5460, etc.), in fact, tend to reinforce the compound. The effects of aroclor 1221 and 1248 on the properties and performance of an epoxy resin are indicated by the data in Table VII. Filtered Roiin Product* Co. Trademirk. Regiatcred in U. S. Patent Office. Trademark of Clyco Chemical*. 13 00195<tl I TOWOLDMON0020643 WATER_PCB-00005112 TABLE VII --EFFECT OF AROCLOR 1221 AND 1248 ON PROPERTIES OF EPOXY RESINS Formulation 11____ AROCLOR AROCLOR 1221 1248 Viscosity b Before After Curing Curing Agent Agent Physical Property f Physical Properties After Heat Aging Ixod Clarity Hardness Hardness Weight Impact (Light Shore "D" Shore "D" Resis Reflect- (10 sec.) (10 sec.) tance !)(%) Loss r/.i - - 12,800 7900 0.2 3.0 76 86 0.01Z (30 rpm) 25 - 1650 1200 -- 3.0 . 8 81 2.118 _ 25 7700 4300 0.6 3.0 40 88 0.682 Ingredients Parts by Weight a) Liquid Epoxy Resin -Tetracthylcnepentamine AROCLOR 1221 or 1248 Cure: 30 minutes at 100C 100 8 As Indicated ti) Brookfield LVF #4 spindle; 60 rpm unless otherwise specified c) 24 hours at 86C in activated charcoal Development of flame-retardant epoxy resins is of wide-spread interest. Aliphatic amine-cured epoxy-resin formulations are made self extinguishing by the use of 20 parts of liquid aroclor per hundred parts of resin. The incorporation of antimony oxide at 5 PHR, with 15 parts of aroclor per hundred parts of resin, yields non burning formulations (TABLE VIII). The use of liquid aroclok^ in aliphatic amine-cured epoxies also improves flexural strength and compressive-yield strength, has little effect on tensile strength, and slightly lowers heatdistortion temperature and compressive ultimate strength. The use of solid aroclor compounds in phthalic anhydridc-cured epoxy systems also reduces flammability and, in combination with antimony oxide, produces nonburning formulations. The solid aroclor compounds also greatly improve such important properties as compressive strength, flexural strength, compressive-yield strength, and tensile strength, although they slightly lower the heat-distortion temperature (TABLE IX). Extension of epoxy-resin adhesives with aroclor compounds greatly reduces the formulation cost, with minimum effect on the bonding characteristic of the adhesive or surface coating. 14 0019 542 TOWOLDMON0020644 WATER_PCB-00005113 TABLE VIII --EFFECT OF AROCLOR 1242 AND 1260 ON FLAMMABILITY AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY RESINS Formulation * AROCLOR AROCLOR 1242 1260 (PHR) 20 (PHR) _ _ _20 15 -- 15 Antimony Oxide (PHR) _ _ _ 5 5 Hardness (Rockwell "M") 104 108 103 107 106 Flammability (ASTM 635-56T) inches Rate burned (in/min.) 4 2.125 1.125 0 0 0.82 b b C c HeatDistortion lemp. ("UJ 117.5 79.5 87 81 92 Flexural Strength M 20,100 21,800 23,800 22,200 22,100 Tensile Strength (psO 11,400 10,700 13,000 12,800 9,800 Ingredients a) Liquid Epoxy Resin Diethylenetriamine aroclor 1242 or 1260 Antimony oxide Pjrts by Weight 100 13 as indicated as indicated Compressive Yield Strength (p!i) 15,700 17,900 17,250 16,700 16,950 Compressive Strength (psi) 43,000 32,500 32,900 32,400 38,150 b) Self extinguishing c) Nonbuming TABLE IX --EFFECT OF SOLID AROCLORS ON FLAMMABILITY AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF EPOXY RESINS AROCLOR 1268 (PHR) 20 15 Formulation * AROCLOR 5460 (PHR) _ _ _20 15 Antimony Oxide (PHR) _ _ _ 5 5 Hardness Flammability (Rockwell "M"J (in./min.) 113 0.6 112 0.38 113 0.38 112 b 111 b HeatDistortion Temp. (C| 143 128 135.5 134 135 Flexural Strength (psi) 16,900 25,900 26,300 20,000 19,000 Tensile Strength ip**) 11,000 13,500 11,500 11,100 10,200 Ingredients a) Liquid Epoxy Resin Phthalic Anhydride DMP-30* catalyst aroclor 1268 or 5460 Antimony Oxide Cure: 20 hours at 150C b) Nonburning Parts by Weight 100 75 0.1 as indicated as indicated 'Trademark of Rohm V Him Co. Compressive Yield Strength (p**) Compressive Strength M 20,900 22,300 21,000 20,500 21,200 . 23,400 36,500 41,700 36,700 40,700 CV46T00 TOWOLDMON0020645 WATER_PCB-00005114 In epoxy-resin protective surface coatings, the use of aroclor 1254, 1260, or 1262 economi cally imparts excellent chemical resistance, particularly to acids and alkalies. When resistance to solvents is desired, however, aroclor^ should not be used, since they are true plasticizers and do not combine chemically with the epoxy resin. Frequently, about 10 to 15 per cent aroci.or 1260 or 1262 is added to increase the flexibility of the epoxy composition, with mini mum effect on the corrosion resistance and adhesion of the film. IN POLYESTER RESINS The highly chlorinated, less-volatile aroclor compounds such as aroclor 1260, 4465, and 5460, are very effective and economical fire retardants for polyester resins, and they do not significantly affect the physical properties of the resin. The aroclor compounds are effectively used in combination with equal amounts of antimony oxide, since the two materials are synergistic: aroclor imparts self-extinguishing properties to the resin, and antimony oxide reduces afterglow. Table X indicates the degree of flame resistance imparted to a general-purpose polyester resin (with a 35-per cent styrene content) by various equal concentrations of antimony oxide and one of these three aroclor compounds. TABLE X--FIRE RETARDANCE IMPARTED TO POLYESTER RESINS BY AROCLOte^AND ANTIMONY OXIDE Antimony * Oxide end AROCLOR 1260 4465 S460 2-5% -- -- flammable 5% 2.5% semiflammable semiflammable flammable self extinguishing 60 seconds selfextinguishing 5 seconds -- 10% self extinguishing 30 seconds self extinguishing 5 seconds self extinguishing 5 seconds 15% self extinguishing immediate self extinguishing immediate self extinguishing immediate a) Formulation Ingredients Polyester Resin (general purpose) Styrene Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide (60% in dibutyl phthalate) Cobalt Naphthenate (1% solution) aroclor and Antimony Oxide Weight Per Cent 62 35 2 1 as indicated 16 0019544 TOWOLDMON0020646 WATER_PCB-00005115 Inclusion of an aroclor increases the flexural strength of the naturally brittle polyester and makes addition of a more-expensive plasticizing polyester unnecessary. At a concentration of 10 per cent (enough for fire retardency), none of the aroclor compounds reduced the flexu ral strength of the cure resin significantly (Table XI), and their effect was comparable to that of a plasticizing polyester. At 20-per cent addition, they improved the impact strength, where as the plasticizing polyester reduced it. The solid aroclor compounds are preferred for fireresistant surface coatings. TABLE XI--EFFECT OF AROCLOR\ON STRENGTH OF FIBER-GLASS-REINFORCED POLYESTER RESINS Plasticizer None Plasticizing Polyester AROCLOR 1260 AROCLOR 4465 AROCLOR 5460 (%) 0 10 20 10 20 10 20 10 20 Flexural Strength M 47,210 43,310 39,930 45,600 33,880 40,740 33,390 37,400 35,890 Flexural Modulus M 2,190,000 2,000,000 1,560,000 2,090,000 1,690,000 2,190,000 1,290,000 1,700,000 1,550,000 Impact Strength (ft.-lb./in.) 1.73 1.64 1.24 1.33 2.04 1.41 2.48 1.85 3.06 IN POLYETHYLENE . The reed to make polyethylene and other polyolefins flame retardant is well recognized. The well-known flame retardancy of the aroclor compounds suggests their evaluation for poly olefin applications such as molded products, coatings, and hot-melt adhesives. Preliminary evaluation of aroclor 5460 (20 per cent) and antimony oxide (10 per cent) showed good results in imparting flame retardancy to low-density, noncrystalline polyethylene. Com pared to the use of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, the use of aroclor greatly improved the heat stability and had considerably less effect on tensile strength, yield, and elongation of the formulation. 17 00195*5 TOWOLDMON0020647 WATER_PCB-00005116 IN POLYSTYRENE The aroclor compounds are pood plasticizers for polystyrene. The lower * molecular - weight aroclor compounds have greater solvating power than the higher-molecular-weight aroclor compounds. The gelling rate of various plasticizers in polystyrene resin is shown in Table XII; each plasticizer was added to the polystyrene resin at a concentration of 2 parts plasti cizer per part of resin, and the time required for the material to gel was noted. TABLE XII --GELLING RATE OF PLASTICIZERS IN POLYSTYRENE Plasticizer (200 PHR) Time to Gel (min.) akoclor 1221 Diethyl Phthalate Dimethvl Phthalate 7 c:NB-20* ^ ' aroclor 1242 Santkizcr 141 Santicizcr 160 Santkizcr IM6 HB-40 immediate O.n 0.75 1 2 5 6 18 50 IN POLYURETHANES aroclor compounds are useful as plasticizers and flame retardants in polyurethane rubbers, foams, adhesives, and coatings. The following formulation illustrates the use of akoclow 1254 in a polyurethane flocking adhesive: Part A Part B Ingredients Multrauil** l-'LD Urethane Resin Mondur** C Isocyanate aroclor 1254 Multranil KLD Mondur C Parts by Weight 100 5 20 100 5-10 Part A is applied to the fabric by knife coating and allowed to dry thoroughly. The fabric is then coated with Fart B, and the material is flocked immediately. Mullranil end Momlm. Mobjy Chemical Company trademarks. fUk'iittrid in U. S. Patent Office. 18 0019546 | TOWOLDMON0020648 WATER_PCB-00005117 Protective urethane coatings are unusually well suited for application to concrete and metal. aroclor 1254 is incorporated to improve adhesion and sealing. The first of the following formulations is the preferred prime coat for concrete storage tanks for gasoline and fuel oils. The second formulation is the base coat for a concrete wood-kiln coating, which remained in perfect condition after two-and-one-half-years' continuous exposure to heat, moisture, and wood distillates. The other two formulations, for primer and intermediate light-metal coating, contain aroclor 1254 for better adhesion to metal. Ingredients Mondur C Multron* R-4 Polyester Resin Multron ,R-10 AROCLOR 1254 Polyvinyl Acetate Polyvinyl Butyral Methyl Glycol Acetate Butyl Acetate Ethyl Acetate Toluene Pigment (colored) Zinc Chromate Titanium Dioxide (rutile) Talc (micronized) UnsealedConcrete Prime Coat (parts) HighTemperature Concrete Primer (parts) 19.0 -- 10.0 5.0 0.2 -- 8.7 8.7 8.7 8,7 12.5 -- -- 12.5 12.0 -- 12.0 2.9 -- 0.4 9.0 5.4 4.0 6.9 -- -- 15.0 13.9 Light-Metal Coating Primer Intermediate (parts) (parts) 21.0 2.6 10.5 2.7 0.3 -- -- 8.0 8.0 15.1 6.7 7.9 -- 13.2 25.1 7.2 7.2 1.8 0.3 -- -- 7.5 7.5 14.2 21.0 -- -- 5.5 IN PHENOLIC RESINS Considerable interest has been shown in the use of aroclor compounds to make phenolic lam inating resins flame retardant. The higher-molecular-weight aroclor compounds (1262 and 5460) are usually evaluated for this purpose. aroclor 1268 and 2565 are useful in the manufacture of brake linings. Mu!Ire*: Trademark ol Mobiy Chrcnical Company. Registered in U. S. Patent Office. 1* 0019 54 7 | TOWOLDMON0020649 WATER_PCB-00005118 Typical applications include protective and decorative coatings for swimming pools, stucco homes, steel structures, tank cars, and both wood and metal maritime equipment. Their out standing chemical resistance qualifies these coatings for use in manufacturing plants where chemical attack is prevalent, aroclor 1254 and 1260 are used in chlorinated-rubber coatings as flexibilizing plasticizers, commonly in combination with aroclor 5460, which serves as a resin fortifier. A variety of suggested starling formulations based on chlorinated rubber is given in the following table. 20 j 001VS48 | TOWOLDMON0020650 WATER_PCB-00005119 Ingredients Paints for Alkaline Surfaces Fed. Spec. Concrete Swimming TT-P-91 Pool (parts) (parts) Maximum Acid and Alkali Resistance (parts) Parlon* (20cp.) Chlorinated Rubber AROCLOR 1254 AROCLOR 1260 AROCLOR 5460 Long-oil, oxidizing, alkyd resin Medium-oil, drying, alkyd resin Carbon Black Iron Oxide Titanium Dioxide Zinc Oxide Asbestine** 3X (magnesium.silicate) Bentone*** 34 gelling agent Epichlorohydrin ' Stabilizer Solvesso**** 150 Solvesso 100 Turpentine Xylene Hi-Flash Naphtha 18 10 -- 6 -- -- 0.5 -- 16 2 -- -- -- 42.75 ___ 4.75 -- _ 10.2 5.1 -- -- -- SA -- -- 11.4 -- 11.7 1.3 o.i _ _ 9.1 -- 45.7 __ 18 8 6 -- -- -- -- 18 -- -- -- 0.09 0.9 -- 45 5 -- -- White Marine Paint (parts) 20 6 -- -- 6 -- -- -- 25 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 23 20 aroclor compounds are also incorporated in chlorinated-rubber formulations used for heat-seal ing adhesives, electrical coatings, paper and textile coatings, and printing inks. The following starting formulation is for an acid- and flame-resistant adhesive: Ingredients Chlorinated Rubber (125-cp. type) AROCLOR 12S4 AROCLOR 5460 Toluene Parts by Weight 20 6 6 68 Chlorinated polypropylene, a new film-forming resin, produces clear, colorless films, appears equal to chlorinated natural rubber in chemical resistance, and is noticeably more heat and Trademark of Hercules Powder Company Trademark of Internationa! Talc Co. Trademark of National Lead Company Trademark of Standard Oil Company (N. J.) 21 00195*9 TOWOLDMON0020651 WATER_PCB-00005120 c light stable. AROCLOi^are very compatible with the resin and are recommended in the following starting formulations: Ingredients Chlorinated Polypropylene aroclor 5460 aroclor 1254 Dioclyl Sebacate Epoxy stabilizer Solids, \vt. per cent in toluene Composition (wt. %) 55.0 15.0 15.0 24.0 24.0 4.3 4.3 1.7 1.7 50.0 50.0 Film Properties 300F heat stability 1 hour 2 hours 3 hours 5 hours 18 hours v. si. yellow v. si. yellow si. yellow mod. yellow black v. si. yellow si. yellow mod. yellow -- -- Fade-Ometer* stability .24 hours si. yellow v. si. yellow ( 48 hours 96 hours si. yellow mod. yellow si. yellow si. yellow 144 hours mod. yellow brown Two-week chemical resistance water 10% hydrochloric acid 1% sodium hydroxide excellent excellent excellent excellent excellent excellent a) Parlon P (10-cp, 20% in toluene) --Hercules Powder Co. b) Parlon P (20-cp, 20% in toluene) --Hercules Powder Co. c) Lacquers were sprayed on "bonderized" steel panels. Films were 2.5-to 3.0-mils thick after 72-hours' air drying. IN STYRENE-BUTADIENE COPOLYMERS aroclor compounds are very often incorporated in coatings based on styrene-butadiene co polymers to impart resistance to acids, alkalies, moisture, and corrosive chemicals. These coat ings are suited for use on masonry, wood, and metal for such applications as concrete floors; architectural finishes; metal primers and finishes on maritime equipment, structures, and tank cars; baking primers; corrosion-resistant industrial films; and oil- and grease-resistant coatings. Ttademarlc of Atlas Electric Devices Co. 22 0019550 | TOWOLDMON0020652 WATER_PCB-00005121 The following suggested formulations for typical applications of styrene-butadiene-copolymer coatings offer excellent performance: Ingredient Styrene-Butadiene aroclok 1254 aroclor 1260 AROCLOR 5460 Clear Vehicle (wt.%) 16.60 8,39 Wall Sealer (lb./100 gal.) Aluminum Enamel K %) 123.2 b 41.4 7.40c 6.00 9.11 41.4 13.40 Raw Tung Oil Hydrogenated Methyl Abietate Troykyd* ABC Lecithin Soya I^echithin Petroleum Naphtha Hi-Flash Naphtha Mineral Spirits #10 Toluene Xylene 1.655 0.545 62.70 -- -- 5.9 246.4 185.3 -- 33.60 -- 22.40 Lithopone Titanium Dioxide Aluminum Stearate Aluminum Paste Zinc Oxide Barium Sulfate -- 339,3 59.2 5.9 8.55 -- Asbestine 3X (magnesium silicate)____ Calcium Carbonate, ground ____ Diatomaceous Earth ------ Mica ------ 75.0 .____ ----------- -- 8.00 0) Marbon ``9200" MV (Marbon Chemical Div., Borg-Warner Corp.) b) Pliolite S-5A (Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company) c) Marbon "9200" LV (Marbon Chemical Div., Borg-Warner Corp.) d) Flaked Piccoflex 120 (Pennsylvania Industrial Chemical Corp.) e) Pliolite S-5B (Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company) /) or aroclor 1248 . Paint (lb.) 147 d 31 8 3 395 -- -- 179 _____ 60 90 236 76 30 Traffic Paint (parts) 250' 120' 130 -- 340 340 -- _____ -- -- .. IN SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL RUBBERS The liquid aroclor compounds -- 1221, 1232, 1242, and 1248 -have a strong plasticizing action on both natural and synthetic rubbers. Solid aroclor^-- 1254 and 1260 -- impart per manent tackiness and adhesion to the rubber composition. Trademark of Troy Chemical Co. 23 0019**1 TOWOLDMON0020653 WATER_PCB-00005122 Neoprene Compositions containing up to 40 parts of aroclor 5460, 2565, 4465, or 1268 in 100 parts of neoprene rubber are extremely fire retardant. About 1.5 parts of aroclor 1268 per hundred parts of neoprene imparts excellent working qualities at 225 to 325 F for injection mold ings. Neoprene modified with aroclor compounds has proved extremely useful as a wire and cable coating. aroclor 5460 imparts plasticization and adhesion to decorative and protective coatings that have been commercially used on rubber products for many years. Suggested starling formula tions for a clear, dull coating and for three pigmented coatings are as follows: Ingredients AROCLOR 5460 Neoprene GRN-10 Chlorinated rubber (21 cps.) High-styrene resin Isobutyl methacrylate Toluene Ingredients Paste: Base Chromium Oxide Zinc Oxide #3 Titanium Dioxide Aluminum Hydrate Toluene Ready-to-Use Coating: Base Paste Parts by Weight base for clear, dull pigmented coating coatings 3.70 3.50 1.30 1.00 0.40 90.10 11 green coating white (high gloss) 16.00 --8.00 4.38 1.75 69.87 white (luster modifier)- 20.0 6.4 3.6 ---- 10.0 60.0 40.0 43.0 -- 10.5 --15.0 31.5 70.0 30.0 --29.0 ---- 25.0 52.0 * * *To modify the luster of the white, high-gloss coating, the selected amount of the modifier com position is incorporated into the high-gloss paste to achieve the desired degree of flatness. Polybutene aroclor plasticizers and Indopol polybutenes are blended in various proportions to make permanently tacky coatings for fabric or paper. Insecticides, for example, can be blended into such coatings to make insect traps or barriers on tree trunks for foliage or fruit protection. Such coatings can also be used for tape and sign backing. 24 001V552 TOWOLDMON0020654 WATER_PCB-00005123 Excellent sealing and caulking compounds are made with blends of aroclor compounds and polybutenes with inorganic fillers, such as: igredient Whiting Talc Lithopone Asbestos Per Cent 50 30 10 10 By various combinations of selected aroclor compounds and polybutenes, a wide range of hardness, viscosity, flow, and bonding characteristics can be produced in durable sealing and caulking compounds. Specialty mastics, too, are obtained by selective blends of aroclor plasticizers with polybutencs. They have excellent adheslvity for such uses as aulomobile-body sealants. Paper-transparentizing liquids (for making tracing paper, window envelopes, and special pack aging) can be formulated with aroclor S460 and polybutenes. A typical economical formu lation is as follows: Ingredient AROCLOR 5460 Polybutene (lndopoi* H-300) Toluene Per Cent 30 25 45 Butadiene-Acrylonitrile Rubber The aroclor compounds -- particularly aroclor 5460 - are useful as softeners for Buna N rubber. Silicone Rubber aroclor is a very effective flame retardant for silicone rubbers. Crepe Rubber (Natural) aroclor 1262 is used as a low-cost plasticizer for crepe rubber in paint compositions. In con centrations oT from 5 to 50 per cent of the weight of the rubber, the aroclor increases the film's alkali resistance, gloss, and adhesivlty to steel. TridtmuV ol Amoco Chemical* Cor(x>r(inn 25 0019553 TOWOLDMON0020655 WATER_PCB-00005124 POLYSULFIDE RUBBER aroclor compounds are widely used to flexibilize, improve the bonding strength, increase the chemical resistance, and reduce the cost of Thiokol* polysulfide liquid rubbers. Among the many uses of polysulfide formulations are joint-sealant compounds used in construction, sol vent-resistant gaskets, adhesives for concrete, potting and encapsulation, protective coatings, and binders. Although the aroclor compounds are highly compatible with polysulfide rubbers -- up to 100 PH R -- the concentration to be used depends on the handling and performance proper ties required in the finished compounds. Suggested concentrations of aroclor range from about 15 PHR for sealant compounds to about 40 PHR for casting formulations. Liquid aroclor compounds (such as aroclor 1248) are used to reduce the viscosity and per mit the use of higher filler concentration, whereas the solid aroclor compounds (such as aroclor 5460) are useful where low volatility is desired. The following suggested starting formulations illustrate the use of aroclor 1232 in a jointsealant compound and of aroclor 1248 in a polysulfide casting formulation: Ingredient _' Thiokol LP-32 polysulfide Thiokol LP-2 polysulfide aroclor 1232 AROCLOR 1248 Calcium Carbonate Calcined Clay Titanium Dioxide Phenolic Resin Stearic Acid Zinc Sulfide Sulfur C-5 Paste4 Sealant (parts) 100 -- 5-15 .-- 20 20 10 5 1 -- 0.1 15 Casting Compound (parts) -- 100 -- 20-40 -- -- -- -- -- 40 0.1 15 Property Cast sheets, after cure of 7 days at room temperature: Tensile strength, psi Elongation, per cent Hardness, Shore "A" 150-200 500-700 30-40 150-200 300 - 400 25-35 a) lead peroxide, 50%; dibutyl phthalate, 45%, stearic acid, 5%: passed three times through a tight paint mill. 'Trademark of Thiokol Chemical Corp. 26 0019554 i TOWOLDMON0020656 WATER_PCB-00005125 IN ETHYL CELLULOSE Ethyl cellulose formulations plasticized with aroclor compounds are used as protective lac quers, adhesives, and strippable coatings. The solids, such as aroclor 5460, are widely used with ethyl cellulose or cellulose acetate-butyrate resins in hot-melt applications for the protec tion of tools and metal parts. The aroclor plasticizers are highly compatible with ethyl cellulose: the liquid aroclor compounds impart flexibility; the solids, hardness. For example, 75 parts of AROCLOR 1242 with 100 parts of ethyl cellulose produces a very flexible, slightly tacky material, aroclor 5460 at the same concentration yields a very hard, somewhat brittle composition. Hard films that contain aroclor 4465 are not brittle at ordinary temperatures. For high-gloss coatings with exceptional weathering qualities to be applied to rigid surfaces, compositions containing equal parts by weight of aroclor 5460 and ethyl cellulose are sug gested. When a more-flexible coating is required, a softer aroclor should replace either all or part of the aroclor 5460. The following five typical formulations indicate the versatility of various aroclor plasticizers in compounding for widely different types of applications. They are intended as guides to the use of aroclor compounds with ethyl cellulose. Ingredients Lacquer (parts) White AlkaliResistant Lacquer (parts) Liquid Adhesive (parts) Strippable Coating (parts) Hot-Melt Adhesive (parts) Ethyl Cellulose 50 25 50 49 24 aroclor 1254 16 -- 49 -- AROCLOR 1260 50 -- -- -- -- aroclor 5460 -- 76 40 -- 7 Dow 276, V-9 -- 8---- Octylphenol -- 1 2 1-- Stearic Acid ------ 1-- Rutile Titanium Oxide -- 50 -- _ -- -- -- --Epoxy Resin Santotiox* Antioxidant -- 1 ------ --1 Mineral Oil Castor Oil -- -- -- -- 57 _* -- -- -- 5 Epoxidi2ed Soya Oil -- -- -- -- _Paraffin'Wax (m.p. 135 F) -- -- -- 3 3 The first four of these formulations may be dissolved in suitable solvents, such as mixtures of about four parts of toluene to one part of butanol, to obtain the desired viscosity. *Santesi. Mv>r*nn ('.htmktl Gumpn7 TtsUtmtiV. R(iUcitd in U. 5. Pftttnt OKut. 27 0019555 | TOWOLDMON0020657 WATER_PCB-00005126 IN NITROCELLULOSE In nitrocellulose lacquers, the aroclor compounds can function either as plasticizers to modify the properties of the film or as resin extenders to add film-forming body. They are highly com patible with nitrocellulose and with other resins and plasticizers commonly used in lacquer formulations. They impart weather resistance, luster, adhesion, and flame retardance. Their ex cellent electrical characteristics and their ability to retard the passage of moisture and gases through nitrocellulose films make the aroclor compounds especially valuable in coatings for electric-insulating materials The following trilinear diagrams (Figure 1), show the limits of practical compatibility of aroclor 1254, 1260, and 1262 when used in nitrocellulose lacquers in combination with some other resins or plasticizers. The less viscous aroclor compounds (1242 and 1248) are more compatible than those shown: the more resinous aroclor compounds (1268, 2565, 4465, 5442, and 5460) are less compatible. In these trilinear diagrams, compositions represented by any point in an unshaded area pro duce homogenous nitrocellulose-lacquer films. On the other hand, compositions represented by points in the shaded areas produce impractical (segregated, brittle, or soft) films, wfm detaildiagrams,-please -refeMU"Ttig4i>lUftvinfl. articles? Fig. I --Limits of Practical Compatibility of AROCLOR^ in Nitrocfilu'ose Lacquers 28 0019556 TOWOLDMON0020658 WATER_PCB-00005127 Fig. I (Continued) AROCLOR 1260 or 1262, per cent 29 00X9557 r^.---- I <--iyrw'iu UJlM. ............................... |-.l-- "~f _ -- 'j J|| .................... I .. Il I IUI .in . uni: UTtTII TT I-I I ||-r-n-ll I II .1 II . I I H TOWOLDMON0020659 WATER_PCB-00005128 Fig. I (Continued) The following formulations arc given to illustrate modifications that can be`obtained by varia tions in composition. They all have excellent durability, but the first two are much harder and less flexible that the third. The first two also have excellent sanding and polishing qualities, but No. 3 is too soft for sanding. The cable lacquer (no. 4) has extremely high flexibility, as required for high-tension automobile cables. Ingredient Nitrocellulose sec.) (wet) Nitrocellulose (# sec.) (dry) Nitrocellulose (15-20 sec.) AKOCLQR 1242 AROCLOR 1260 AROCLOR 5460 Dibutyl Phthalate Tricresyl Phosphate Damar Resin Ester Gum No.l (parti) -- 100 -- -- 20-39 -- 20- 0 -- 80 _ No. 2 (parlt) -- 100 -- -- 20 -- 20 -- 80 No. 3 (parti) - 100 -- -- 80-70 -- -- 39-70 -- -- No. 4 Cable Lacquer (parti) -- 100 80 -- 120 -- -- No. 5 Chrome Lacquer (parti) 100 -- -- -- -- 47 32.5 -- -- _ 30 TOWOLDMON0020660 WATER_PCB-00005129 IN CELLULOSE ACETATE-BUTYRATE The high-chlorinc-content aroclor plasticizers are highly compatible with cellulose acetate-bu tyrate and are widely used in the manufacture of low-cost, flame-resistant lacquers. Typical uses lor these products include paper coatings, lacquers for plastics, strippable coatings for paint booths, and hot-melt adhesives. Typical starting formulations, illustrative of these uses, are suggested as follows: Ingredients Paper Lacquers Low-Cost Curl , Flame- Resistant Resistant K %) K %l Clear Wood Filler K %l Plastics11 Paint-Booth Hot-Melt Lacquer Strippable Adhesive Coating (* %) (* %) K %) Half-Second Cellulose Acetate-Butyrate 20 20 7 6 20 35 AROCLOR 1260 AROCLOR 1262 -- 20 - 1.5 -- - 15 - -- ,, -- -- AROCLOR 5460 -- 15 - 9 30 Dioctyl Fhthalate -------- 9 15 Epoxy Soybean oil Acrylic Resin -- "-- -- - 9.5 -- ------ 2.5 - -- Dow 276,V9 -- '-- -- 1.5 -- -- Socony Vacuum 200 -- ---- 2.5 -- Newport V-40 pine resin -- -- -- -- -- 19.8! Acetone 10 -- -- 10 -- Methyl Ethyl Ketone -* -- -- 10 -- -- Methyl lsobutyl Ketone -- -- - 5 ---- Isobutyl Acetate 5 10 22 -- 5-- Ethanol 12 10 -- 33.5 10 - Butanol ---- 5 ------ Isobutanol -- -- -- 25 -- -- Toluene 48 30 6 15 25 -- Santonox Antioxidant ---- -- --_ 0.1 Syn Fleur #6 odorant -------- 0.01 Asbestine X (magnesium silicate) -- _ 45 -- -- -- c) Coatings for cellophane, cellulose acetate, and cellulose acetate-butyrate. 31 i9559 I TOWOLDMON0020661 WATER_PCB-00005130 AROCLOR IN PAINT, VARNISH, WAX, ASPHALT || IN PAINT AND VARNISH . aroclor compounds are soluble in paint and varnish oils and solvents and are compatible with most film-forming coating resins. The* aroclor compounds improve adhesion to the substrate and impart to the film properties that correspond to the particular character of the aroclor used: the hard, resinous aroclors tend to give increased hardness; the viscous aroclors impart flexibility. ' aroclor 4465 and 5460 produce paints that are very quick drying and yet have excellent dura bility. The amount of aroclor used may be from 30 to 50 per cent of the weight of the oils. aroclor 1260 is best for short-oil varnishes that are required to be flexible. The aroclor com pounds impart water and alkali resistance and also enhance the value of the other resins used in the varnish. A suggested starting formulation is two parts of oil, one part of aroclor 1260, and one part of other resin. These proportions can be varied as required. The aroclor may be considered to play the same role in the varnish formulation as oil, except that it does not oxidize and lose its flexibility on exposure. The aroclor compounds do not react chemically with oils, hence there is no advantage in heat ing together in making a varnish. They are best added as a "chill back" or as a cold cut in the thinning operation. The only reason to heat the aroclor compounds is to fluidize them so they can be more readily mixed with the oils, Alkyd, phenolic, or ester gum resins, with a harder aroclor such as 5460, may be used in making varnish formulations. To illustrate the use of aroclor compounds in alkyd resins the following suggested starting formulation is shown. Ingredients Parts by Weight Alkyd (60% Nonvolatile) Kettle Bodied Linseed Oil (Gardner-Holdt Vise. Z-Z) Raw Linseed Oil AROCLOR 5460 Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Titanium Dioxide (Anatase) Magnesium Silicate Mineral Spirits Drier-Absorption Agent Phenyl Mercury Naphthenate (10% Mercury) Cobalt Naphthenate (6% cobalt) Lead Naphthenate (24% lead) Anti-Skinning Agent (Volatile type) 81 20 35 34 34 67 100 38 1.3 2.7 1.5 3.2 0.67 32 00^560 TOWOLDMON0020662 WATER_PCB-00005131 The following suggested starting formulation for a fire-retardant enamel illustrates use of the flame retardancy of an aroclor in alkyds: ingredients 38% Phthalic Anhydride-Soya Alkyd aroclor 5460 Solution (aroclor 5460, 53; Hi-Flash Naphtha, 22) Whiting Colloidal Grinding and Dispersing Agent Antimony Oxide . Titanium Dioxide (Rutile) Grind above ingredients, and thin with: 38% Phthalic Anhydride-Soya Alkyd Xylene Cobalt Naphthenate (6% cobalt) Manganese Naphthenate (6% manganese) Lead Naphthenate (24% lead) Parts by Weight 63 75 84 2.7 42 33 96 38 1 1 2.3 aroclor compounds are excellent grinding and dispersion media for pigments used in paints and varnishes, aroclor 1254 is used to disperse aluminum powder in a paste form that can be incorporated easily into paints and varnishes. The aroclor imparts excellent leafing quali ties, brightness, or luster and does not tarnish the aluminum pigment on aging. Moreover, the composition does not support combustion. aroclor compounds are important ingredients of heat-resistant aluminum paints and enamels that contain silicone resins. For example, the following suggested formuation for a heat-resist ant coating can withstand a maximum temperature of 800 F and continuous-service temp erature of 400 F. The heat-resistant enamel can withstand temperatures of 900 to 1000 F in such applications as jet-engine components, exhaust manifolds, and incinerators. The heat-resistant paint has excellent resistance to a programmed heat test, including 8 hours at 1200 F, and to salt-water spray after programmed heating to 500. 600, and 900 F. OO TOWOLDMON0020663 WATER_PCB-00005132 'Dow Corning 805 Resin (50% Nonvolatile) G E Silicone Resin SR-82 (60% in xylene) G E Silicone Resin SR-112 (50% in xylene) Styrene-Butadiene (50% in xylene) (Pliolite S-5B) aroclor 4465 (90% nonvolatile) 60% aroclor Solution (AROCLOR 4465, 36 wt. %) (AROCLOR 1262, 24 wt. % ) (Solvesso 100, 24 wt. %) (Xylene, 16 wt. %) aroclor 5460 (60% in xylene) AROCLOR 1254 Aluminum Paste (74% nonvolatile) Cobalt Ocloate (6% cobalt) Xylene Mineral Spirits a) Meets Spec. TT-P-0028 Heat-Resistant Coating (Ib./lOO gal.) 220 -- -- -- 332 -- -- -- 584 -- 114 -- Heat-Resistant Enamel (lb./tOO gat.) 174.2 313.3 435.6 ----------250.0 4.4 -- -- Heat-Resistant Paint (Ib./lOO gal.) 93.6 207.9 93.6 47.8 240.0 -- 140.8 113.1 IN WAXES The aroclor compounds, especially 5460, are compatible with various natural waxes, and are blended with waxes for many uses, including "lost-wax" casting, impregnating compounds, and inexpensive sealers. Waxes formulated with aroclor compounds are nontacky and stable. Much of the highest-quality precision-casting wax used in the "lost-wax" process is formulated with aroclor compounds, most frequently 5460, 4465, and 1254. Waxes containing aroclor compounds are widely used in making dental castings, costume jewelry, and precision-cast air craft parts. ........ ............. Usually from one-fourth to one-half the composition consists of aroclor 5460, which con tributes these desirable properties to the formulation: hardness without brittleness, shrinkage resistance, sharp definition, sharp melting point, fire resistance, low volatility, and volatiliza tion without carbonization during final curing. Excellent impregnating compounds to prevent sticking of furniture drawers, double-hung win dows, etc. are made from selected aroclor compounds, such as 5460, and various waxes. Com binations of resinous aroclor compounds with waxes make excellent and inexpensive sealers for masonry, wood, fiberboard, and paper. aroclor compounds impart moisture and gas resistance, adhesion, alkali and chemical resist ance, flame resistance, lubricity, and insulation to impregnants for cloth, paper, wood, and 34 I TOWOLDMON0020664 WATER_PCB-00005133 asbestos. They are combined with such materials as waxes, asphalt, tars, sulfur, aluminum stearate, and inorganic pigments so as to provide exactly the physical characteristics required for the specific purpose, aroclor 1254, 4465, and 5460 are suggested as most applicable. Wood is decidedly toughened, hardened, and made more moisture-resistant when impregnated by the vacuum-pressure method with the following mixture: Ingredients Per Cent AROCLOR 4465 Microcrystalline Wax Sulfur 70 20 10 The coating is very resistant to acids and alkalies but can be attacked by aliphatic, aromatic, or chlorinated hydrocarbons. The paintable surface is not appreciably discolored. Various de grees of hardness and adhesion are obtained by variations in the proportions of the ingred ients. Blends of aroclor 1268 and 1242 have the unusual capability to extend carnauba wax satis factorily and at an attractive saving in cost: Ingredients Parti by Weight AROCLOR 1268 AROCLOR 1242 Carnauba Wax Ceresin Wax Paraffin Wax Characteristics Color Texture 10 5 5 20 60 Pale Yellow, White Smooth, hard, non-tacky 19.6 4.9 6.8 19.6 49.0 Pale Yellow Smooth, hard, non-tacky Softening point, C Melting point, C 60 78 77 79 30 35 35 5 55 10 30 50 20 20 10 35 10 -- Pale Yellow Pale Cream Cream Smooth, hard, slightly brittle 78 78 Slight surface crystallinity 79 86 Smooth; carnauba- ringed surface 80.5 88 IN ASPHALT Self-extinguishing asphalt formulations for caulking, roof coatings, and sound-deadening coat ings are obtained by incorporation of at least 30 per cent aroclor 5460 or other solid, resin ous AROCLOR. IN ALLYL STARCH Substitution of the hydroxy hydrogen atoms of the starch molecule by allyl groups produces ally] starch, which upon polymerization forms stable, cross-linked molecules. A minimum of 20-weight-per cent plasticizer is required to make the film flexible. The aroclor compounds are highly compatible and very efficient plasticizers for allyl starch. 001.9563 TOWOLDMON0020665 WATER_PCB-00005134 0_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , ^ MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS OF AROCLOR' With their wide range of physical properties, their inertness, lubricity, and low vapor pressures -- aroclor compounds a/e valuable ingredients in an incredible variety of formulated products. They are compatible with many solvents and oils and most resins. They are virtually nonvolatile and permanently thermoplastic; they do not react with other chemicals in the formulation. Finally, their low cost makes their use for special purposes eminently practical and economical. DUST PREVENTION AND DUST CATCHING aroclor 12S4 is a low-cost dedusting agent that "holds down" the dusting of a variety of chemical materials. Since aroclor 1254 resists both oxidation and combustion, it can even be used to control the dusting of highly reactive compounds. As a typical example, a few tenths of a per cent controls the dusting of calcium hypochlorite. Since aroclor compounds are non-drying and tacky, they make excellent coatings to capture dust, lint, and other fine, airborne particles. Glass fiber, metal mesh, and other materials used to filter air and gas streams are coated with aroclor 1260 and 5460. VAPOR SUPPRESSION (FOR LONGER INSECTICIDE KILL-LIFE) The effective kill-life of expensive chlorinated insecticides is extended as much as ten-fold by the incorporation of equal parts of aroclor 5460, which acts both as a vapor suppressant and as a sticking agent. Hard surfaces (painted or metallic) sprayed with lindane or benzene hexachloride fortified with aroclor 5460 remain toxic to flies, ants, roaches, and silverfish for as long as three months, compared with one week for unfortified sprays. The aroclor retards the rapid evaporation of the volatile insecticides without adding odor or objectionable residue. Formulation into an insecticide is simple: a solution of the aroclor in a suitable solvent is merely added and mixed into the other ingredients. aroclor 5460 is also recommended for noncrop insect formulations containing chlordane, aldrin, and dieldrin. The other resinous aroclor compounds (1254, 1260, 1262, 4465, and 5442), also nonvolatile and sticky or tacky, likewise merit evaluation as insecticide extenders. MOISTURE PROOFING In moisture-proof coatings for wood, paper, concrete, or brick, the aroclor compounds are best combined with waxes, especially paraffin or Camauba; oils such as mineral oil or drying oils; or synthetic resins, including modified alkyds, phenolics, chlorinated rubber, polystyrene, styrene-butadiene copolymers, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetobutyrate, benzyl cellulose, or vinyl resins. The material to be used with the aroclor should be selected according to the end-use requirements of the specific application. Some very simple compositions contain only aroclor and paraffin. One very efficient moisture proofing compound, consisting of 96 weight per cent aroclor 5460 and 4 per cent paraffin (melting point S4C), has an ASTM softening point of about 82C. A similar compound, based on asoclor 4465, has a softening point of about 58C. / 0156* 34 TOWOLDMON0020666 WATER_PCB-00005135 Softening point and viscosity when melted are further decreased by the use of mixtures of aroclor compounds. For example, a composition containing 40 per cent aroclor 1260, 56 per cent aroclor 5460, and 4 per cent paraffin, is very soft at room temperature. A higher concen tration of paraffin also produces softer compounds. An excellent melt coating for paper and cloth, made according to the following suggested for mulation, may be applied by knife or roller at 350F, requires no solvent, and provides an extremely flexible coating. Ingredients Half-second Cellulose Acetate-Rutyrate Dioctyl Phthalate AROCLOR 1260 Santonox antioxidant Per Cent SO 9.9 40 0.1 PIGMENT DISPERSION aroclor 4465 is a useful resin in rotogravure and other printing inks. It is an important in gredient in the following mimeograph ink suitable for use on bond paper: Ingredients aroclor 4465 Lubricating Oil (SUV 1200 @100CF) Paraffin Oil (SUV 76 @100F) Carbon Black Oil-Soluble Dye Per Cent 40 35 20 4 1 aroclor 4465 is also used in the preparation of imitation gold leaf. Bronze powder is spread upon a hot coating of aroclor on one side of a sheet of paper. When the paper treated with aroclor and bronze powder is placed on the object to be imprinted and a hot die is pressed against it, the aroclor softens, sticks the bronze to the object, and coals the powder to pre vent tarnishing. aroclor 1254 and 4465 serve as pigment vehicles for decoration of glass and ceramics. When the decorated object is fired, the aroclor volatilizes without carbonization and thus avoids discoloration, aroclor compounds are also valuable as grinding and dispersing mediums for pigments used in plastics. SEALING AND IMPREGNATION The liquid aroclor compounds, I2ZI and 1254, because of their low vapor pressures and fire resistance, are excellent sealants. These nonevaporating fluids have good flow at slightly ele vated temperatures and are chemically stable at elevated temperatures. These liquid aroclor compounds therefore are excellent fluid seals wherever the use of oil would create a fire hazard. In the trough of annealing furnaces, for example, aroclor compounds are dependable, fire-safe roof sealants. 0019565 TOWOLDMON0020667 WATER_PCB-00005136 Because of their nonflammability, high resistivity and dielectric strength, and low power factor, the liquid and resinous aroclor compounds are extremely valuable impregnants for many electrical applications. One important use of aroclor 1200, 4465, and 5460 is in wire and cable coatings and as impregnants for braided cotton-asbestos insulation. Their high purity and excellent electrical resistance make aroclor 1254. 5460, and 1268 excellent dielectric seal ants: to close the pores of carbon resistors, and to seal electrical bushings and terminals. aroclor compounds are essential components of coatings for flameproofing cotton drill for outer garments and for rendering olive-drab canvas fire-retardant, water-repellent, and rotproof for tents, tarpaulins, etc., according to the following formulations: Flameproofing Formula for Cotton Drill Ingredients (A) Urea-formaldehyde resin monomer Catalyst for resin Water (B) Oil-modified alkyd resin aroclor 1254 aroclor 5460 Stoddard solvent (C) Antimony oxide, 300 mesh or finer Parts by Weight 9.62 0.40 22.26 3.89 12.00 14.40 25.15 12.28 Dissolve the solids in the indicated solvents, add the aqueous solution (A) to the hydrocarbon solution (B) with stirring, and then disperse the antimony oxide in the emulsion. Fire-Retardant, Water-Repellent, Rot-Proof Canvas Coating Ingredients Modified phenol-formaldehyde resin aroclor 1254 aroclor 5460 Antimony Oxide Tricresyl Phosphate Aluminum Stearate Copper Naphthenate (8% copper) Mica, ground Limestone, ground Iron Oxide, yellow Chrome Orange V M & P Naphtha Per Cent 4 16 4 8 1.5 0.5 8 3 6 7 2 40 0019566 TOWOLDMON0020668 WATER_PCB-00005137 PROPERTIES OF THE AROCLOR COMPOUNDS MOBILE LIQUIDS VISCOUS LIQUIDS SOFT RESINS 'TM'g*''*T*^ If,<VJr BRITTLE RESINS Numerous applications for the aroclor compounds have been suggested and described in the preceding sections of this bulletin. Their success depends on the general inertness of the com pounds and on the range and gradation of their physical properties, including physical state, density, viscosity, melting and boiling points, volatility, and solubility. These and other proper ties, as well as handling and shipping information, are presented in detail in the remainder of the bulletin. OOX'JSbT TOWOLDMON0020669 WATER_PCB-00005138 SOLUBILITY The aroclor liquids and resins are readily soluble in most common organic solvents and dry ing oils. Although all aroclors are insoluble in water, the hard, crystalline materials are gen erally less soluble than the liquids and softer resins. Solubilities of some aroclor plasticizers are shown in Table XIII. TABLE XIII --SOLUBILITIES OF AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS IN VARIOUS SOLVENTS Solvent Add Acetic Acid Oleic Acid Bemolc Acid Aldehyde 40% Formaldehyde Furfural Amine Aniline Pyridine Chloro derivativee Amyl chlorides--mixed Carbon Tetrachloride Chloroform Dichlorethylene Ethylene Pichlonde Monxblorobcntene Orthsdichlurobeiucnc Tetricblorethine Trichlorethane Trichlorethylene Drying Oil Tung Oil Llnaeed Oil Ester Amyl Acetate Butyl Acetate Cellowlve Acetate "y Cottonseed Oil DIbulyl Phlhalate Diethyl phthalale Ethyl Acetate Ethyl Lactate Ethylene Clycol DiaeeUte Methyl Acetate Tricreay] Phosphate Ether: Ethyl Elber Ether Alcohol v Qhrbltol ' Ctlloaolve Diethylene Clycol A.h'-Dihydroiy Ethyl Ether Hydrocarbon Benxene Casotbe Kerosene Mineral Spirits Paraffin Pine Oil Toluene Turpentine Xylene Hydroxy derivative* Amyl Alcohol -Butyl Alcohol Ethyl Akobot (J-M Glycerine Methyl Alcohol Phenol-- Ketone: Acetone Miacelianeoui Carbon Disulfide NitrobenaetM Water AROCLOR 1242 AROCLOR 1241 25*C Hoi 2S*C Hoi S ---- S s _-- 10.0 "'C -- 10-0*"C -- I1II vs vs VS vs s-- 132.5 "'C 440 **,e -- -- -- s s Ss ss ss ssss ~-- _ -- sS ss s -- s -- _s s _ s ss s ss ssss ssss ssss ssss s ss s ss ssss s. s s s ss ss ss ss s ss s ss s ss s ss s s ss 224 ,l,c J07 *'C s ---- 16.0 <: 10 **.0 vs s _ ss vs s -- ss VS VS VS VS 2.0 'M*c S VS VS VS vs vs vs vs s s vs vs vs s s I5.J-C 1 42.S"*c 104 "'C S s s 40.0 I U ! " s s Ss Ss II VS vs vs vs 2.0*`*c vs vs vs vs _ -- _ I _ _ _ _ _ * vs vs vs vs s vs vs vs vs _ -- _ I _ _ _ _ I AROCLOR 1254 25'C Hoi S $s --_ II VS vs s 114 422 we ss ss ss ---- s _s _ s s s ss s s s ss s ss s s s s ss s ITS "'C 259 M,c _s _ J--C 10 `**'C vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs -- s5 vs vs vs vs vs vs I 1S"'C ss s s s I 22.2 M,c s 1 AROCLOR 4465 Cold Hoi SS s vs ---- I vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs s ss s _ ss _ _ _ ss vs vs vs vs vs vs vs vs S.0 s s vs vs vs vs vs vs s _ss s ss ss _I s AROCLOR 5460 25*C -- -- -- -- -- -- _ -- 156 _ -- -- -- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ -- _ _ --_ _ _ _ _ 1_____43 1_42 178 _ __ ___ _ vs I _ _ - I--Insoluble SS--Slightly Soluble S--Soluble VS--Very Soluble. Flguit* fthow (rums of a*ocioi per 100 milliliter* of advent at 25*C unleaa otbenriie Indicated. 40 0o^ba TOWOLDMON0020670 WATER_PCB-00005139 TABLE XIV-- MONSANTO SPECIFICATIONS* AND GENERAL PHYSICAL PROPERTY Appearance Color, maximum AROCLOR 1221 6 Colorless, clear, mobile oil 100 APHA AROCLOR 1232 0 Practically colorless mobile oil 100 APHA AROCLOR 1242 6 Practically colorless, clear, mobile oil 100 APHA AROCLOR 1248 0 Colorless to light yellowgreen, clear, mobile oil 100 APHA AROCLOR 1254 0 Light-yellow viscous oil 100 APHA Chlorine, per cent 20.5-21.5 Aeidi+y, mg KOH/g, maximum 0.014 Moisture, ppm, maximum Ave. Coefficient of Expansion, cc/cc/C 0.00071 (15M0*C> Specific Gravity 1.182-1.192 (25Y15.JX) Density, pounds per gallon, 25C 9.85 Distillation Range, C, corrected (ASTM D-20, modified) 275-320 Evaporation Loss, %, 100C, 6 hours , (ASTM D-6, mod.) 163C, 5 hours 1.0-1.5 Rash Point (Cleveland Open Cup), C 141-150 oF 286-302 Fire Point (Cleveland Open Cup). ^ C 176 op 349 Pour Point (ASTM E-97), C 1 (crystals) op 34 (crystals) Softening Point (ASTM E-28), C F Refractive Index, n ^ 1.617-1.618 Viscosity, Seconds Saybolt Universal (ASTMD-88) 100F (37.8C) 130F (S4,4C) 210F (98.9C) 38-41 35-37 30-31 31.5-32.5 0.014 0.00073 (25M00C) 1.270-1.280 (25Vl5.rC) 10.55 290-325 1.0-1.5 152-154 305-310 238 460 --35.5 --32 1.620-1.622 44-51 39-41 31-32 42 0.010 50 0.00068 (25*-65C) 1.381-1.392 (25V15.5X) 11.50 325-366 0-0.4 3.0-3.6 176-180 348-356 NONE** -- 19 2 1.627-1.629 82-92 49-56 34-35 48 0.010 50 0.00070 (25*'65C) 1.405-1.415 (65*/15.5C) 12.04 340-375 0-0.3 3.0-4.0 193-196 379-384 NONE --7 19.4 1.630-1.631 185-240 73-80 36-37 54 0.010 50 0.00066 (25-65C) 1.495-1.505 (65V15.5*C) 12.82 365-390 0-0.2 1.1-1.3 NONE NONE 10 50 1.639-1.641 1800-2500 260-340 44-48 Data in red indicate Monsanto Chemical Company specifications. NONE indicates no flash or fire op to boiling point. 41 0019369 TOWOLDMON0020671 WATER_PCB-00005140 PROPERTIES OF REPRESENTATIVE AROCLOR PLASTICIZERS AND RESINS e> 7 AROCLOR 1260 Light-yellow, clear,soft, sticky resin ISO APHA 60 0.014 50 0.00067 (?0'100*C) 1.555-1.566 (90V15.5C) 13.50 tt 385-420 0-0.1 0,5-0.8 NONE NONE 31 88 1.647-1.649 AROCLOR 1262 AROCLOR 5442 & Light-yellow soft, sticky clear resin (viscous liquid) 150 APHA 61.5-62.5 0.014 Yellow, clear, sticky resin 2 NPA (molten) 42 0.05 0.00064 (25*'65CC) 1.572-1.583 (90Y15.5C) 13.72 390-425 0-0.1 0.5-0.6 NONE NONE 35-38 99 1.6501-1.6517 0.001Z3 (25-99*C) 1.470 (25/25DC) 12.24 215-300 (4 mm. Hg) 0.01 0.2 247 477 350 662 46 115 46-52 115-126 AROCLOR 4465 Light-yellow, clear, brittle resin 2 NPA (molten) 65 0.05 0.00061 (25*-65C) 1.670 _ (25Y25*C) 13.91 1 230-320 (4 mm. Hg) 0-0.02 0.2-0.3 NONE NONE 60-66 140-151 1.664-1.667 AROCLOR 2565 a Black,opaque, brittle resin AROCLOR 5460 Clear, yellowto-aniber, brittle resin 2 NPA (molten) 65 58.5-60.6 1.4 0.05 0.00066 (25*'65C) 1.734 C57250O 14.44 0.2-0.3 NONE NONE 0.00179 <25M24*C) 1.670 05725*0 13.91 280-335 (5 mm. Hg) 0.03 NONE NONE 66-72 149-162 98-105.5 208-222 1.660-1.665 AROCLOR 1268 O White to off-white powder 1.5 NPA (molten) 68 0.05 0.00067 (:oMoo*C) 1.804-1.811 (25725*C) 15.09 435-450 0-0 06 0.1-0.2 NONE NONE 150-170 (hold 302-338 point) 3200-4500 72-78 600-850 (I60-P; 71*C) 86-100 300-400 90-150 (266F: 130#C) \i 0019570 | TOWOLDMON0020672 WATER_PCB-00005141 DENSITY All the aroclor compounds are heavier than water, a valuable properly for many applications. Densities are shown in Figure 2. < Absolut Density, g ./c c . 0 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400 440 480 Temperature, C Fig. 2. DENSITIES OF AROCLOft^AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES SPECIFIC VOLUME The specific volume of aroclor 1248 at different temperatures is as follows: Temperature (F) 0 100 200 300 400" 500 600 AROCLOR 1248 Specific Volume (ml/g) 0.674 0.699 0.726 0.755 0.790 0.828 0.870 oom7* TOWOLDMON0020673 WATER_PCB-00005142 VOLATILITY The low vaporization loss of aroclor compounds is indicated in Table XV. TABLE XV--VAPORIZATION RATES OF AROCLOR COMPOUNDS Plasticizer (Surface area: 12.28 sq. cm.} AROCLOR 1221 AROCLOR 1232 AROCLOR 1242 AROCLOR 1248 C/ora/m*-42-S Dioctyl phthalate Dulrex** 25 AROCLOR 1254 Dutrex 20 AROCLOR 1262 AROCLOR 1260 AROCLOR 4465 AROCLOR 5442 AROCLOR 5460 Tricresyl phosphate Wt. Loss fo) 0.5125 0.2572 0.0995 0.0448 0.074S 0.0686 0.0256 0.0156 0.0047 0.0039 0.0026 0.0064 0.0039 0.0032 0.0010 Exposure at I00C (hr.) 24 24 24 24 48 48 24 24 24 24 24 72 72 72 24 VaporJiatlon Rate (q/sq. cm./hr.) 0.00174 0.000874 0.000338 0.000152 0.000126 0.000117 0.000087 0.000053 0.000016 0.000013 0.000009 0.000007 0.000004 0.000004 0.000003 H is concluded that the vaporization rates of aroclor plasticizers -- especially the most wide ly used 1254 and 1260 -- compare most favorably with the similar constants of other plasti cizers selected specifically for these tests because of their low vaporization rates. of Powdf Co. Tridrmrk of Shill Oil Co. 44 TOWOLDMON0020674 WATER_PCB-00005143 VAPOR PRESSURE The vapor pressures of several aroclor compounds are indicated in Figure 3 over the temp- e The estimated vapor pressures of several aroclor plasticizers at 100F shown in the follow ing table were determined by extrapolation from the values shown in Figure 3. Approximate Vapor Pressure of AROCLOR^ Estimated at 100 F {37.8 CJ aroclor 1237..............................0.005 mm. Hg aroclor 1242..............................0.001 mm. Hg aroclor 1248..............................0.00037 mm. Hg aroclor 1254................................ 0.00006 mm. Hg 45 00X95/3 * TOWOLDMON0020675 WATER_PCB-00005144 VISCOSITY The viscosities of the aroclor plasticizers vary according to whether the base material is a bi phenyl or a polyphenyl and on the degree of chlorination. In general the low-chlorinated bi phenyls have the lowest viscosities (Figure 4). Temperature, F Fig. 4--VISCOSITY RANGES OF SOME AROCLO STABILITY Toward Alkalies The aroclor plasticizer?, are remarkably resistant to the action of either hydrolyzing agents or high temperature. They are not afiected by boiling with sodium hydroxide solution. Toward Acids No hydrogen chloride was evolved when aroclor 1254 was stirred with an equal volume of 10 per cent sulfuric acid for 150 hours. Even after prolonged treatment (255 hours) with con centrated sulfuric acid only a slight trace (too small for quantitative measurement) of hydrogen chloride was evolved. Toward Heat Because of their stability to heat, the aroclor compounds are useful heat-transfer media. aroclor 1254 and particularly the less viscous aroclor 1248 are recommended for this pur pose, because they may be heated up to 315C (600F) in a closed system for long periods without appreciable decomposition, and because they are non-flammable. . 46 0019574 | TOWOLDMON0020676 WATER_PCB-00005145 Toward Light The aroclor plasticizers have good light stability in heavily pigmented compounds and fair light stability in clear formulations. The materials become discolored, but their physical prop erties are not degraded. For critical applications, incorporation of a small amount of a light screening agent greatly improves light stability at reasonable cost. The following data show that as little as 0.01 per cent T'muvin P in aroclor 1254 nearly doubles the service life in the 50-to-100-hour range and that 0.1 per cent Tinuv'm P results in a 10-fold improvement. Tinuvin P Concentration (%1 0 0.01 0.05 0.1 Fade-Omeler Exposure (hours) 0 50 too 150 500 Color (Gardner Units) 0 5' 10 11 14 0 I 6 7 14 0 0 3 4 11 00 1 2 6 Toward Oxidation When aroclor compounds are heated to 140 C with oxygen in a bomb at 250 psi, no evi dence of oxidation occurs, as judged by absence of sludge formation or increased acidity. Also, no increase in acidity occurred after 4 hours heating with air at 260C and 210 psi. NONFLAMMABILITY The viscous aroclor liquids and the resins do not support combustion when heated alone, even at their boiling points - above 350C. Most of the aroclor compounds flux readily with resinous and pitch-like materials to give products with decreased fire hazard, aroclor products incorporated in plastic products and rubber foams retard the rale of burning. NON-DRYING PROPERTIES AND THERMOPLASTICITY The aroclor compounds are non-drying. When exposed to the air, even in thin films, no noticable oxidation or hardening takes place. Despite this property, aroclor plasticizers do not retard the drying rate of lacquer films. Quick-drying varnishes and paints may be made with aroclor resins without affect on drying characteristics. The aroclor plasticizers are permanently thermoplastic. They apparently undergo no conden sation or hardening upon repeated melting and cooling. Clear aroclor resins are available with softening points up to 105C. The opaque crystalline solids are available with melting points up to about 160C. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES The electrical properties of aroclor compounds are extremely interesting: high resistivity and dielectric strength and low power factor, as listed in Table XVI. The dielectric constants of the various aroclor compounds range from 3.3 to 4.9 at 100 C and 1000 cycles. 47 0019^75 TOWOLDMON0020677 WATER_PCB-00005146 * e to TABLE XVI--ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF AROCLOR^ AROCLOR Dielectric Constant (ASTM D-150-47T) 1000 cycles 25C I00C 1232 5.7 4.6 1242 5.8 4.9 1248 5.6 4.6 1254 5.0 4.3 1260 4.3 3.7 1268 5442 5454 5460 4465 2.5 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.7 4.9 4.2 3.7 3.3 Volume Resistivity (ASTM D-257-46] 500 Volts D.C., I00C (ohm-cm.) Dielectric Strength (ASTM D-149-44) (KV) Power Factor (ASTM D-l 50-47T] 1000 cycles, I00C (%) Above 500 x 10n Above 500 x 10fl Above 500 x 10 Above 500 x 10 Above 35 Above 35 Above 35 Above 35 Below 0.1 Below 0.1 Below 0.1 Below 0.1 Above 500 x 10" HOW TO EMULSIFY AROCLORS Emulsions of aroclor plasticizers ian be made simply in several ways; the method can be selected to suit the particular aroclor and the type of formulation in which it will be used. Emulsifiable Concentrated Stock Solutions of AroclorV^ Stock solutions made according to the following formulation are readily emulsified with water. The amount of toluene may be increased as needed to dissolve the more resinous aroclor compounds. Ingredient Parti by Weight AROCLOR Toluene Isopropanol Sterox* CD (nonionic emulsifier) Santomcrse* #3 (anionic wetting agent) 79 16.70 3.55 1.00 0.75 Emulsifying Liquid Aroclor* Ingredient Portion 1 aroclor 1254 Oleic Acid Parts by Weight 100 4 Portion 2 . Water > Ammonium Hydroxide (28^0) Lustrex* X-810 Polystyrene 100 2 2 Suroi, Santpmou.and Lviircx: Monwnio Chcmicil Company Trtdimarb*. Refiitcrcd in U. S. Ptttnt Office. 48 0019576 TOWOLDMON0020678 WATER_PCB-00005147 Mix the polystyrene and ammonium hydroxide in warmed water with vigorous agitation. Mix the aroclor 1254 and oleic acid, heat to 45 C, and agitate vigorously. Maintain the 45 C temperature and agitation, and slowly add in the aqueous portion (Portion 2). Continue agitation for one-half hour until phase inversion is complete. Emulslf/mg Viscous Aroclors Ingredient Portion 1 aroclor 1254 Stearic Acid Portion 2 Water Triethanolamine Park by Weight 64 4 Heat the aroclor to a workable viscosity (180 F or higher) and stir in the stearic acid thoroughly. Heat the water almost to boiling {207 F) and stir in the triethanolamine thorough ly. Pour the AROCLOR-stearic acid portion into the water-triethanolamine portion with vigorous agitation. Process the combined portions either with a high-speed emulsifying stirrer or through a colloid mill. fl___________________ L DERMATOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY r At ordinary temperatures the aroclor chlorinated polyphenyls have not presented industrial ^ toxicological problems. The hazard of potential toxic exposure varies with their volatility: the lower-chlorinated ones, being more volatile, present more of a potential problem from the stand point of both inhalation and skin contact. When aroclor compounds are used at elevated temperatures, engineering controls must be applied, either by the use of closed systems or by effective local-exhaust ventilation together with general workroom exhaust.' Inhalation tests on animals indicate that the maximum safe concentration of vapor is in the range of from 0.5 to 1.0 milligram of the lower-chlorinated aroclor compounds per cubic meter of air. The threshold limits (maximum allowable concentration for an 8-hour working day) set by the American Conference of Government Hygienists are 1.0 milligram of the lowerchlorinated aroclor compounds per cubic meter of air and 0.5 milligram of the more-highlychlorinated compounds, such as aroclor 1254, per cubic meter of air. Schwartz patch teats on 200 volunteers showed that neither aroclor 1254 alone when applied to gau2e nor a polyvinyl chloride film containing 11.5-weight-per cent aroclor 1254 was a pri mary irritant or a sensitizer. Canvas coated with an oil-modified alkyd resin (17-weight-per cent of the paint-film solids and 7-weight-per cent of the painted fabric was aroclor 5460) likewise did not produce primary skin irritancy or sensitization according to the same Schwartz technique. -- Continuous or repeated skin contact with the aroclor compounds must be avoided because of the possible occurance of a condition called chloracne. Although reports of this condition caused by aroclor compounds are rare, it can be produced by excessive skin contact. 49 Ol957ir 0 TOWOLDMON0020679 WATER_PCB-00005148 6_____ ^ SAFE HANDLING A Vapor of the liquid aroclor compounds at room temperature should not be breathed in a conW fined space, and no vapor of any aroclor compound evolved at elevated temperatures should be allowed to be dispersed into the genera! workroom. Continuous or repeated skin contact with the aroclor compounds must be avoided by the use of gloves and protective garments. If any aroclor is spilled on the skin, the skin should be washed in the usual manner with a soap solution. A bum caused by contact with a hot aroclor should be treated like any ordinary bum. aroclor adhering to the burned area need not be removed immediately, unless treatment of the burn demands it, in which case cither soap and water or repeated washings with a vegetable oil are recommended. J> ^ SHIPPING Freight Classification aroclor 1221, 1243, 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262 Rail Classification aroclor 1268, 2565,4465, 5442, 5460 Truelc Classification aroclor 1268, 2565 aroclor 4465, 5442, 5460 Shipping Regulations Standard Containers AROCLOR 1221 AROCLOR 1232 AROCLOR 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260, 1262 AROCLOR 1268 AROCLOR 2565, 4465 AROCLOR 5442 -- aroclor 5460 (flaked) WFNi Lfll Synthetic Resin, Liquid, N01BN Synthetic Resin, Other Than Liquid, NOIBN Synthetic Resin, Powder, NOI Synthetic Resin, Lumps or Solid Mass, NOI None Tank car, 520-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can Tank car, 550-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can Tank car, 600-lb. steel drum, 50-lb. can 200-lb. fiberdrum, SO-lb. can 500-lb. steeldrum, 50-lb. can 450-lb. steeldrum, 50-lb. can 100-lb. bag 50 0019578 TOWOLDMON0020680 WATER_PCB-00005149