Document mQoG0854L4ByeJaExDbkkENb

LIA11560 7 *2. LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION, INC, 1*1 MIDIION AVfNUI MfW YOU*. H. T. 10017 t iu mo n i - cess < 04 MM i SeptetJt>er 9* 19ft Ret LZAD - THX P0I9OS AIL APOCHD US To AH Nether* of the Eeelth end Safety Coocltteej Hie ettacbed art 1cla l being eot to you as *a Instance of the garbage that ccces Into this office In largo oucbere. This Is particularly obnoxious piece, I think It 1 Interesting to note the feet thst the c Irculatloo of thle Journal Is 350/000 by paid subscription only. See you next Booth. Very truly yours, I'm. Don 0, roller Secretary cortad Boa, 5 ,iyipgjwui >',.. ay1 ygies^agswfS^eHj^^ > i-1 J.Ml-jW'  mwwOTiwi'XMn n ' I Hi', nf " l.i'l'h ii i. ii nil. ^ii-i|iwiiiiliai|jjii.L'in,Mr i.-ni^,',y. LIA11561 M'rtlm ih m 'i ,1I , , <s Pollution of uif, voi*t uaJ food by gutolino oddiiio* kcept inertotiof, ukdt auskoritiot took ikt etW way. Lead - The Poison All Around Us Iff to to poisonous to *3 form*- It ee b one of Ore nvw< haiiardous of CU tOlKT b*C*US* tlx pOl*OQ is cumulative and the toiic efiecti a/a cvtny and w ax* told in Cliwtl Tcrrxolofy cf Ccmmerdd Products (The WslUam* and WiUdo* Co, I3). This lobe fiWii If 'raiataf* into the omo* of the northern heenU* pber* t bout 50 timet the rate pre valent before autc-mobdr* were com mon, My two CaUamU researchers. Dr. Ti*l | Chow, of the Scrippa Instotuttoo of Oce*nor*phy, Univcr* ctty of California, and Dr. CC Pat- Itoo^ geologist a! California Institute of Technology, They Have tested lay ers of ocean water and found that the sraj asound out northern countries re- ceir# about 500,000 too* of W*d an nually. compared with only 10.000 tons in the southern hemitphrre. They Attribute this difference almost mAitrly to ethausf fume* from our motor vehicle*. According to Science N'euw t^ciirf (rV\r:"..l*<r Z5. 1*^3). They also found 10,000 tunes more lead la snow samples from Californiai t^aasen Volcanic National park than would be npected to accumulate from normal sot] source*. Aloof our super highways, vege tables grown in the polluted stmoa- pher* have been found to contain 50 time* mere lead than the amount coo* aiderrd tolerabl* in ((cull (Km Scsm/ut, December 5,1963). Ahhough we are constantly bring wanwd alcv4 ale poRutioo. and motor vehicle nhauri fume* a/* now re gard'd a* the ma)ot source of smog to urbea overt*, w* seldom lee a mention of lead aj i da/>g*r<xis com* ponent of the air. In fact, th* amount of tetraethyl lead permitted to motor fuel was recently Increased from 3 culic centimeters per gallon to i which may increase th* atmoroheric conirot of th* deadly poison by as much as 30%. At about that urns time a group of doctors for reason* best known to themselves went to a great deal of trouble to furnish "acicntrc evtdeno** that lead to th* air peso d o threat to anyone** health, thereby fortifying th* tocreas*. Thf whitewashing was don* under tlx auspice* of the Kettering Laboratory of the Umvenufy of Cincinnati*i Col lege of M rcbcine. whsch presented a Symposium .on Lead from February 25-37, 1963, to "bring togrtber cer tain . . . facets of th* hvgimic prob lem raised many yean ago by th* Infreduction of Irt/acthyl-lrad as ao antiknock addttiv* toto auSoraoth** fueL* Managing to overlook moun tains of Incriminating evidence, the fympMhjm found lead hirmlrn to health. Tlx papers wee* published a* a special issue of th* ArcAfc** cf Em^itnfnrntai HecUh (February 1964). and dedicated In memory of Dr. Frank Princi. who betides bring Associate Director of th* Kettering Laboratory, had been MrdicaJ Dime* tor of the Ethyl Corporation, a maker of trtraethyl lead. Caowtnc At* PouAro* Ethyl Corporations Introduced ta> trarihyl lead into American gasoline* to 1923, by th* nest rear, PubHc Health Smics figurM show 700.000 PwtWTXto t* ` as `* *- wjawgt.i'yy?^.niawy! N 394.01 waiyijUjKi.^.Jayar* ....... " ` /" LI A11562 ~t * 'A * pounds Wing u*d. In 1956 the figure had grown to 510,000,000 pound*. 15% of ill lead used in this country. to fighting pollution, got of (he spot by aj^xsintirig an advitoey committee of doctor*, who reported that *i con. i ! i At present the petroleum Indjftry I* chiiive answer ti ImpoaitMe at the tW second large*! uer of lead in the prewrt time because of the lack of ?! United States, rrnxh of tt ending up medical data * A 11/23 committee had i1( ) *1 an air pol!u(ant. and mating its recommended that study <f the health way Into food, wafer and Our longs. atpect* W continued. The 1353 com i (Ahhoi-h moil gao|lrxs now con mittee said it was "regrettable* PUS tain it, adding tetraethyl lead it not had r*A done to. The outcome was i the only way to Increase a furTl anti estWialiy that because cf lack of knock prt'pertlea. Better reining orb-rxe against lead, no action eras f mctliodi will produce anti knock gas- taken and the Increase was not op- ol^e withcut lead, but at a higher A* lo the case of pmticidra, cost Wc s u k cf the additional facili PHS prefer* to dote It* eyes to the ! ties required.) danger until the ham) U prove*l j In 1^26 Kthyf Corporation art tka These events were described la a limit of 3 oc't ol lead per gallon, not serie* In the JUchmood Timea-Die- for any reason of health, a company pdeh. Tune 4-IB, 2961, later rrprlatcd statement said, but Just beemuva It la booklet form by the Department was the highest amount cooudered of Health, Education, aid Welfare. oeocwry at the time. Better engine technology In later yean crated In creased comptmion ratios ud a need Hu a m* or Lu foe Improved anti knock propertiee la Here are some weQ-e*ubk*h*d { gasohaa. nwhcaj fact* we can offer the Pubbc Health Service. Th o o c *! in 1355 makers of TEL Lead can be taken into the body to propowd that their product** limit la three wa>s -- through the digestive fuel be raised from 3 to 4 Cc'i per system, the respiratory lyrtcm, and V. !' t. J gallon, citing "drfmite economic ad the skin. We ingest the greater part vantage* ... to the nation, and to of our lead Intake through the dtgr*. the motoring puhhc ... the nauon's fcve tyitrm. tlnce lead b found to crvde oil resource* would b* coo- some of the additive* to our food*, fI 1 Krrrd.* t* pcard up from polluted tod by Public Health Service, committed growing plants, And Mmctimrs I* to i S i i i> "W, , . jnrnj,.,^ LI A 1156 3 "]r'-y--i I the wain lead pipes are used. the University of British Columbia, Very h:tie cuter* o m Ubr* through told the Geological Society erf Am*r- the skin, for only tl.x volatile organic ica last October that digestive dis i cvsmpourdi such s j tctrsrthyl lead, orders known in England as 'Derby \ bcfo.*o comlnut^'n, rules readily la shire tummy* and "IVvomhire <olk" t that way, The le.ad in vehicle e*- aiff now kwen to occur where the lumts ii rr*dy La uveysnle form, soil It high In lead. I comparable to that In C*if foods, sir*c# Because chronic lead pc*toning at. It il a product erf corr.buitkx*. lacks the central nervous system, Pro Wk.cn we take In lead through tha feasor Warren ii alto Interested In tha ) di^ntiv* ytrm. m^(h of ft Is quickly relationship of Wad to disease* erf tho i cortfentraled in (he b*-cT and citTrfed. central nervous system such as multi* } L'ntJ It is, there msy be acute Wad pie strJcrosu. whose cause Is stoH coo* po.soning wvh i)-inpt<vr>s tuck u aklered unknown. In 1957 la took vomiting. diarrhea. weainru, appetite part In a study erf 4 localities having loti. end dehydration, terminating La a high Incident# erf the disease, and COrmiUsont and collapse. fcMnd that ia every case the rocks In chronic lead poiioning tvra or sods were relatively high In lead. more symptoms appear. The lead U !o similar geograplticm! areas having circulated la the blood stream and lets multiple sclerosis than the aver eventually nvveh of It il deposited ia age, there was also leas lead than the the bone* The opdiary walls erf the blood-and-uid bames which pro* tccti the ta*a and ipuul cord are finally damaged to that the lead caa average content In rocks and softs. The geographical distribution erf MS also coincide* with areas where there Is peat in the soil, because peat con afect those organs also. Victims ap pear pale and anemic, and fee) grad ually weaker, with knetrastog ahdoca* Inal paia whsth develop* into the no tains acids which concentrate ele ments such as lead (Toronto CZob* and Wad. October IS. 1963). Symptoms of MS show many timl- \ l torious "lead colic " Constipation, vomiting, irttotmus, duiifw-u, and headache all increase. and whm the nervous system U aSeoled. paralysis may occur along with mental change*, Untie* to chrome lead poisoning -- the weakness. paralysis, visual and auditory disturbance*, and emotional change* all bear a rrwmblarsca. Add to these the fact that MS urften ap I and eyesight and hearing may be im pears at an early agr Msyo Clink paired Jn 0>e w c dsar^^ii Is diti show that t'A erf their MS pa c di&cuit because the symptoms are tients cuotiKt the disease before age typical erf many different cause*. Wnw lead rnlrri the body through tie resputory system or 30. Recognized lead poisoning theae da)* is mure comnxxs among young chddrm, who suffer more lasting effects on their immature, still devel op* ng systetni- Perhaps chronic lead i i kin, M bypasses the l/vrr and enter* poistxdng. begun In CTuldliood, might f the circulation diftxlJv, so that pro- do its slow damage through the years I iooately this smaller amount of of growth, and finally appear in is avadahle to do more damage young adukhooJ in a progressively (Schmidt, Seiser, and l-itioef, head degenerative form. fiHKwfig Berlm. l$D0). . There are a few scientists who are Lean a* t mi ItoKiN twnu beginning to relate s relatively high Another reaearclxr i interest in lead lead intake to disease* showing symp has taken him to Italy to study rellca i toms similar to lead poisoning fVo* erf the ancient Roman*- Ia a letter to feasor Harry V. Warren, geolopst at Technology and Cwf/wr* (Winter 54 PMTVSKTOM !f 'Ha-*-"1 >"#<*!?* rsgwpwwi*/v*?<qffgr l-  janflgam -rf** v jpwPBgmgi*fw^1^*!*^**^ -'- LIA1156A wa*jwgawipj u .m*H s 20^2), S Colufn Cilfulan, Ph.D . sum- mtnirt hti 27-year study of Uh j isae* of lead by tlc Redman*, who )*e feel* wrc* gir4tJy v.r*V<TK-d by lead poi soning from tliCi/ wine. All the Ro man* Ln^r^ minh lead from t^Mrir w*ter p.pe*. Dr Cdfdhn wyt. but their meat important source of trad poiaoturg w*k the wine and gTapc airup used by the wealthier claur*. They wanntd \)x wwc In lead hoed Vestel* of added Ltlmrge (lead irr> Ute) to Wep it f:can going *our, they used bad glare on pottery, l-ad prtrr drinking vessel*. mendod their pottery with leaden cUmpa, and had lead part* to lh**.r grapc-prcstlng ma- clur-cs. Adding water to the wine alio added mote lead. Eventually lead poisoning resulted in itmbfy among the upper cltise*. which explain* tlie repeated eitermmatxei of the aristoc racy and the fins] debilitation cf the race. Dr. CtllHaa feel*- He it cur rently having bcoe sample* of rich and poor Kocunt analyzed to make a oompanaoo of their lead content. He alio otex, In support of hit theory, the wcvk cf X. B Hof man (Archie fur Cearfcw/ife drr XicdiitA, 18S3) and K Kobert (out dcr Ge*chs- ch/e drr CXewue, 1009). Mmtotx BtHtttoa When lead fa deposited b the bon**, these deposit* take exactly the tame pattern as cakium depouts (Behrens. B. and Baumann. A, Z/urhf. fd gee riper Wed, V2.231. 1933). if both lead and calcium are preterit, the bone it more likely to tike up the lead, because the lead Compound* occurring here are lea* soluble than the orrexponding cakiupi photphatrv But if ritri cab cium U given before lead adminitra tion. lets lead rt taken up by the bone* and more U found in the *tom*<h, on it* way to being excreted. Thi* finding suggest* a high Cakium (bone meal) dial to prevent eacewive Wad al**orptiorv One also wxmdera ScrriMM*. 2964 whether Wad de*>o*i}i in the bones are sometime* mistaken for calcium deposit* in i-ray* or rocnigrrxigrams. A Japanese researcl*erf Cir Ohara, experimented with several treatment* for tetraethyl lead pc4Uning (Tohekw JourTi^l of Ex;*eriimfa/ Wrdicine, 4%: 2&S2.2, l'>44) He point* out that acute tetraithy! lead poisoning bnnp oo more mental cfleets than doe* in organic lead, per hap* became of it* volatility and rapid absorption Into the organism. VjJsnia B, and sodium thiosulfate each helped alleviate the poisoning fymptomt, he found, but large dote* of vitamin C had the greatest effect by far as an antidote. O earna also mearurrd the lactic add and sugar content of the blood, end found that shortly after poisoebg these value* rose sharply, only to de crease and finally result is hypogly cemia. Apparently when the potso* reaches the livrf. it* glycogen is re leased, causing the initial rise, but the continuing action of the lead results In tie eventual lowering. Measure ments shewed bvrf and muscle glyco gm to be almost entirely absent at the end of the experiment Furtlief texts dxm rd that the poi soning reduce* the liver'* ability to form new glycogen from added ghscw, but tlsat vitamin Bt. vitamin C, and kvlium thiosulfate all helped to neutrabae that effect. Discus IctoitJ It is interesting that the reports from the Kettering symposium do not Cite the work of these foreign rrsearcbera. We notice that although the meet ing concludes with the reassurance that we are in d o danger from at mospheric lead, the teil* of the re ports contain some remarks whoa# Importance the doctors appareotly choose to minimile. Dr. Bovvald E. Lane, from England, is speaking o* induitrial lead po4*orung! 1 am fully aware* he says, *tksl Ceattaaeg ea *** tU " 85 % .1 l&g. jwimufiiuiwswn LIA11565 y m '-qiw*- ri ft ! K ! \ KJ 1 I f } i f k f i fQ ri \ r ~i. i j i 'i ' IXAO ***fl*x4 9 trwny writers In this wintry refuse td accept U* connection between lead poisoning And chronic nepluitu. . , . Tlx elder clinicians . . , wrte in no doubt. Tlicy acerptrd chrunic ivephrjfu as s long-term result of plumb Um. and it is still accrued lor tlx purpose of compensation In the United Kingdom . . , p!uml*Ts and painter* both showed a significant cess of death from renal causes " He goes on lo describe an lavrstigatioo in which the causes of death imor| Wad industry workers were compared with those in tlx general population. Both among pcriiwom And Among those who died during r A "TugUy ugm&can* etcets of deaths from vascular leuor* Averting th central nervous niteai" vu found Among lead workers. Oxc of the symposium papers dealt with laboratory tfudxa of tetraethyl and trtrunrtfcyi lead, wfch is also a possible gasoline addstrv*. Results sl^owed that, while lethal dose of trirame^hyl lead mutt be higher than that of lix tetraethyl, given enough quantity its effects could be more se vere Tlx study alio brought these admissions from the author, l>r C. W, H. StJ-rpm: *. . .administration of multiple denes, equivalent Cumulative ly to a tingle dose, proved to be more in/viMout. This Information mAy lave pragmatic ligni&carKe since hu man eip>stu:c it more hkeiy to be repetitive than massive. *A feature foe comment U the apparrot ersntradietloo between the gen eral condition of the rats and the seventy end prevalence of organic lesions. Thus, lack of loss of weight and absence of symptoms were DO guarantees that lead had oat bees causing subtle mischief in important organs . . . persistent tachycardia and hypertension, originating In neurolog ical or endocrine disturbance, may cause derangements of cardsovaacvlar functioning. . . i t * i `t i 'MMjPiarirji.afiiuji^. i i - P-,* >vw- g ! jgju.aj . )ui>1Mwjwey jr ^ iy iw'j |.w.ii!. ;n11' ii^ ^ w w ;r ^ | LIA11566 ^BSPW1 i *The evident lack of accumubti-nn ir.sted the svrnp^'um, set* the daiV- or rrtcotioo of ia Ox ncr>ouf grr tljrihoi^ fur lead as excreted in . fystem contrasts wilh the pfomir-eiiee the urine at .15 milligrams per liter. of neurological symptoms and the This hinjt, of course, Include* lead demor*JtrabW evidence ci neuronal from all sources On another page, he and neuroglial Injury.* l>r. Schx;-ri tells us that urine sample* from non , 1*0 suggests * relationship to hypo mal healthy j'ersons s)*ow lead cots- : glycemia and po*nt>U be* wilt* {nxn centraticea up to 014 mg per liter, ` glucose therapy. In this respect the whit h Is very close to hla own danger Japanese researcher* would appear to threi!*>M. Yet in Ids dosing remarka. have been 20 )'tti ahead of him. Dr. Krboc reitcrstc* that "there b , ElTtXT or PoLUmOM DO preierJ hazard to the health of the public ftora thx lead content of Symposium table* *l*ow that U. S. tlx ambient atmosphere." He jusli&e* atic* up to * population of two mil this statement by reminding us that lion ha a * toe&n concentration of 1.47 air b not ojr principal source of lead, to ISA mkrogrami of Wad per cubic and provide* data slsowing that the meter of ftLr ia 1&G1, and lirjrf drier greater portion of ingested lead b had more, with Lo* AngcW* leading eventually excreted . die hat at 64 microgram*. (An aver* Rut why should the fact that the ' age adult U estimated to InhaW X-40 bid b largely excreted prove that It 4 microgram* per day, of which per* doe* not pose a hazard? There b hap* Kali U absorbed) constant stream of Wad always past The American Conferrrxc of Gov ing through our bodaca, with a small ' jj ernmental Industrial Hygienists ha* gradual buildup throughout the yean. let the .trait for lead In the air of The lead deported in the bone* also ' Industrial establishment* at 00 mi b capable of re-entering the blood ' crogram* per cubic rooter. Though stream and circulating back and forth . this concentration U admittedly not between the blood vessel* and the recommended for community air. It U bony depots. Dr. Scbepm* experi the standard used in the rj-rapotiura ment slxwcd that lesions appear even . for corr.psrhoc. USSR air standards .when no symptom* ar# noticed After ' for community air quality ax# ap years of Irr.tatsuQ by an admittedly proximately 1% of the ACGIH value* poisonous substance unnecessary to for many pollutants, admits Ralph L the body, some damage might be ex- Larsen, Ph D, in hi* paper, but he peeled to occur. In recognised lead ' voids mentioning the Soviet mom- poisoning symptoms appear wherever mcodationi for lead the Wad u found Might net it* ptes- J "Soviet philosophy In setting air mce in the blood stream eventually ; quality standards Is that the mailmurn weaken the blood vessels? Might not t permisublc concentration should be it* effect oo carbohydrate metabolism ) set lower than that at which the rrv>ct cvcntuaHy change the blood sugar , Sensitive test show* human response." loci? Since the liver b so important ' quote* Dr. Larsen from an air pollu In Wad excretion, might It not predis tion book. . Soviet standards often pose -to disease* of that organ? While appear extremely stringent to those our doctors, with their shortsighted who require the appearance of se quelae before admitting to damage viewpoint, are claiming "no evidence* that there U a health hazard from < " to to organism." atmospheric Wad. degenerative, nervout and mental disease* are Increasing * \ as fast a* the Increase of potsooou* Da Roaxxr A. Kk mo c of the CH- Wad polluting our air from motor v ' * teeing Laboratory, whose work doov hkrie e&haueta. m I furomom * \ , V j * 3 y