Document km5NBvZ2pRJGb9qn0yrDVXeBJ

'ilM k A I k M A A rilk A A fth M B H ktrtaruL td : O R o r- OT .'BBWWG^ OR VHREXK t Y NPC00010383 202109 fl rk* / .. _ . . Proprietory Oses 1 Strictly HotHed. Cannot under any circumstances be dlstrib- uted outside VieCorporation. IneMetheCorporation, recipient must have a specific need fdr the informetion in the conduct *" .. of his assigned responsiblities.. . . ~ ~ Proprietory Class 2 - Distribution only within the Corporation. Copiedof such docu ment* cannot M either given or shown to anyone outside _ . r the Corporationexceptai) licensees (with WEICOEnglnefHng - Department approval) and (2) the Government in proposals r ` for contracts. _ ProprietaryClass 3 Unlimited distribution, both inside end outside the Corpo ration. V -w5 . 3 WsstinghooM Reaowcfe Laboratories P lttite |ti f*. 182SS NPC00010384 202110 R esearch R eport 71-1R8-CAPDI-R1 P ro p rietary Close 1 A Status Import on Chlorinated Dif h b iy is , (Warding E N v u o t o m . f tm r n o N Coipllftd by: f. fiT. Dakin and L. Memdsloom E le o trio a l Perform ance o f In su la tin g M a teria ls Research La b o ra to ries D a c a b c r 27 1971 N FC 00010385 202111 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION . . . . ................................................................................. 2 STATUS OF PRESENT NEED FOR CHLORINATED DIPHENYLS AND POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES . . . . . . .......................... . . . . . Fige 1 2 3. THE MONSANTO POSITION................... ' ............................................................ 3 4. SUMMAKZ OF FACTS PRESENTED BY MONSANTO........................................... 3 5. APPENDIX - DETAILS OF MEETING WITH MONSANTO................................... 5.1 Makeup of tho Moating........................... 5.2 Moosanto Arodors - Dm cription end U s a g e .......... 5.3 Highlights of`Biodegradability and Anleal Studies Reported by Monsanto....... . 5.4 C ontrols o f PCBfs ................................... 5.5 A lte rn a tiv e I n s u la tin g F l u i d s .................................................... 6 6 6 10 14 16 NPCTnr010386 202112 A STATUS REPORT OH CHLORINATED DIPHENYLS lEPAEPIWC ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 1. INTRODUCTION Chlorinated dlphunyls PCS', during the pent two years have been In clu d ed among p o s s ib le p o llu to r s o f th e ecology In a s s o c ia tio n with DOT'#. T his has r a is e d th e q u e stio n about t h e i r co n tin u ed use in the e le c tr ic a l industry where they have been serving as In su la tin g flu id s fo r c a p a c ito rs and transform ers fo r alm ost fo rty y e a rs. Monsanto th e s o le p roducer and s u p p lie r o f th e s e m a te r ia ls In th e U.S., has d e a lt w ith th is problem by: 1. r e s tr ic tin g th e ir a v a ila b ility to sealed e le c tr ic a l equipment 2. making a v a ila b le an in c in e r a to r fo r w aste c h lo rin a te d diphenyls 3. studying th e ir in te ra c tio n w ith the environment and e f f e c t s on anim als and A. d eveloping new c h lo rin a te d d ip h en y l com positions which they th in k are leas p e rs is te n t in the environment. V cstlnghouse'e a c tio n s in th is area have so f a r been to : 1. co n tro l and use sp e c ific production procedures to prevent the re le a se of c h lo rin a te d diphenyls from p la n t areas 2. determ ine a n a ly tic a lly the presence of ch lo rin ated diphenyls la the v ic in ity of th re e p la n ts where they have been used a stan elv ely , and 3. develop a lte rn a te flu id s . NPC000I0387 202113 T his i s a p r e s e n ta tio n o f some of th e a s p e c ts of th e c h lo r in a te d d ip h en y l problem th a t a re re le v a n t to W estinghouse. Merc a re g iv en tUu Monsanto views and fin d in g s p re se n te d a t a n e s tin g on December 16 1971 and W estinghouse needs and a l t e r n a t i v e s . 2. STATUS OF PRESENT NEED FOR CHLORINATED DIPHENYLS AND POSSIBLE ALTERNATIVES 1. C h lo rin a te d diphenyls A ro clo r 1242 o r MCS 1016 a re e sse n tia l fo r cap acito rs and transform ers fo r use indoors because of the very loir flsn m sb llity of th ese f lu id s . S p ecial v a u lts and f i r e p ro te c tio n would be needed w ith m in eral o i l o r s im ila r Im pregnates. 2. Mo o th e r in s u la tin g liq u id which i s s a t i s f a c t o r y f o r th e s e devices and which has as low fIm m o b ility as th e s e c h lo rin a te d diphenyls i s known. There I s a low p r o b a b ility o f fin d in g a s u f f i c ie n tly good In s u la tin g liq u id which i s as nonflammable as th e chlorinated diphenyls. *3. C ertain flu id s were found recently In a Research project th a t a re s a tis fa c to ry e le c tr ic a lly and therm ally fo r capacitors and e n t a i l only l i t t l e d e c re a ses in KVAR ra c in g s p e r u n it s i z e ; but th e se are sim ilar in flam m ability to m ineral o il. *4. These new R esearch developed liq u id s could be used f o r power cap acito rs only I f they a re lo c a te d outdoors o r in f i r e p ro te c te d v a u lts S. The p resen t a lte r n a tiv e to ch lo rin a te d diphenyl f i l l e d transform ers fo r indoors are the dry type u n its . 6. The s itu a tio n w ith regard to ch lo rin a te d diphenyl use in lig h tin g b a lla s t and motor run ca p a c ito rs is not d e a r . These u n its a re sm all and very numerous and w idely s c a t t e r e d . T here should be no d if f ic u lty w ith outdoor lig h tin g b a l l a s t s . Most Indoor lig h tin g b a lla sts have the u n its potted in a sp h alt. T ests to s a tis fy the O a d e iv rlte rs L ab o rato ries would have to be conducted on tb e e n tir e b a l l a s t w ith new liq u id s such as th o se developed in R esearch. * This inform ation should be regarded as e sp ecially confide n tia l w ithin W estinghouse. 3a8 202114 3. THE MONSANTO POSITION 1. Use o f c h lo rlo a ts d diphenyls should be r e s t r i c t e d to closed e le c tr ic a l system s. 2. l e s t r i c t i o n o f u se o f A ro d o rs to compounds which have Ijwer percent c h lo ria s tio n le s s then p en tach lo ro -d ip h en y l w ill avoid build up and p e r s is te n c e in th e envlronaient iro n m inor amounts r e le a s e d . 3. Waste c h lo rin a te d diphenyls should be c a re fu lly c o n tro lle d jnd: destroyed or recovered. A. They f e e l th a t b u r i a l o f c h lo rin a te d d ip h en y l im pregnated paper, e tc ., or fa ile d o r r e tir e d c a p a c ito rs , e t c ., from which removal the liq u id would be d i f f i c u l t , is a s a tis f a c to r y procedure providing the b u ria l s i t e is c a re fu lly chosen, p referab ly dry. 5. They in d ic a te d th a t they in ten d ed to s ta y in th e b u sin e ss o( supplying c h lo rin a te d d ip h e n y ls, Aro d o r s , b u t only to th e e l e c t r i c a l Industry. 6. They s tro n g ly urge th a t th e e l e c t r i c a l in d u s try sa k e a "-ore vigorous e f f o r t to d e fin e and j u s t i f y th e use o f c h lo rin a te d 1phenyls in t h e i r a p p a ra tu s to g o v eraeen t and o th e r en v iro n m en tal t roups. 4. SlftMARY OF FACTS PABSENTED BT MONSANTO 1. Monsanto has cessed to m arket A ro d o rs fo r e l l a p p lic a tions other than d e c t r l e a l , but a re s t i l l supplying aoee fo r o th e r ^ p licatio n s where th ere is hardship; but th ese w ill be stopped during :*?2. 2* T e sts by Monsanto and o th e rs o f c h lo rin a te d d ip h e n y ls, fcI s, In the environm ent have shown a c o n c e n tra tio n o f h ig h e r c h l o r l w d compounds end s reduced o r no p resen ce o f compounds w ith th re e alerises or le ss. - 3- NPC00010-389 202115 3. A rtific ia lly con tro lled studico of biodegradation using a c a l-c o n tin u o u s a e tle e te d alu d g e t o s t , SCAS, and a ls o a lo g la b a c te r ia c u ltu r e t e s t a have shown chat th e low er c h lo rin a te d compounds a r e b io - e degraded but the ra te of biodegradation decreases aa the percent c h lo rin a tio n in c re a se s, and is very law o r sero fo r pentechloro compounds and h ig h e r. T h e ir s c i e n t i s t s s t a t e t h a t th ey do n o t kaov th e c o rre la tio n of these a r t i f i c i a l biodegradation te s ts to environm ental c o n d itio n s. 4. C hlorinated diphenyls were f i r s t Id e n tifie d in the environm ent along w ith DDT's end th e c o n tro ls on th e le v e ls s e t by th e FDA a r e 91A ctio n L e v e ls", w hich a r e th e s m s as f o r DDT. They a r e n o t le v e ls fo r which FCB's hsve shown to be harm ful to s li. 5. C hlorinated diphenyls are considered about 1/13 as tox ic as DDT f o r mammais. White r a t s fed up to 100 ppm o f FCB's i n t h e i r food s t e a d i l y o v er a p e rio d o f 24 months were h e a lth y . Dogs fed up to 100 ppm o f th e FCB's over 24 months showed a slowed w eig h t g a in w ith th e h ig h e r c h lo rin a te d compounds b u t not w ith th e A r o d o r 1242 T here were no d e a th s . The h ig h e r c h lo rin a te d compounds accum ulated in t h e i r fa tty tis s u e to an e q u lllb rlu e le v e l. 6. C hlorinated diphenyls a ffe c t th e egg s h e lls and hatch* b i l i t y o f some b ir d s . Ocher breed s of b ir d s have n o t shown any e f f e c t s . B ird s a rc more s u s c e p tib le to th e lower c h lo r in a te d compounds, d i and t r l c h lo r in a te d . Three ppm o f PCB In ch icken feed a f f e c t s th e h a tc h a b l l l t y o f Leghorn c h ic k e n s, b u t n o t some o th e r b reed s o f c h ic k e n s. 7. One in c id e n t of in g e s tio n o f FCB's by h ta a n s had been re p o rte d from Ja p a n . In t h i s c a s e , a r i c e o i l w ith 2000 ppm o f FCB's was constated by 1000 p eo p le. Severe cases o f c h lo ra e n e , n a u se a , head* a c h e s, and weakness wers e x p e rie n c ed . Some b ab ies of th e s e people were born w ith brown pigmented e k in ; b u t th e pig m en tatio n l a t e r d isap p eared . There were ao d e a th s . I t i s su sp ected th a t th e PCB in v o lv ed co n ta in e d a c h lo r in a te d d ib e n so fu ra n e , a to x ic im p u rity found in some European chlorinated diphenyls. -4- NPC00010390 202116 8. C hlorinated diphenyl* appear to d iffu ae very lowly . r.*ugh so il* 9. Kona a n te fe e l* t h a t t h e i r me* g rad e o f c h lo r in a te d : : 7h<nyl MCS 1016, 1* b io d e g ra d a b le , a in c e i t co n ta in * only 0.16X o f and h ig h e r c h lo r in a te d d ip h e n y l* . They recoM end i t * u*e o v er which co n tain * 6 .7 1 p e n ta -c h lo ro d ip h e n y l, f o r c a p a c ito r* o r 'itrrcvar. the v a * te m a te r ia l n o t s t r i c t l y c o n tr o lle d . l. w. Dakin, Manager L lctrlcal Performance jf Inaulating M aterial* L. Mandelcom E le c tric a l Performance of Inaulating M aterial* - S- NPC00010391 202117 5. APPENDIX DETAILS OF MEETING WITH MONSANTO 5.1 Makeup of the Mm tina % The s e ttin g v u h eld e t Monsanto St Louis M issouri on December 16 1971* R ep resen tin g Monsanto w ere: M essrs. P . B. Benignus T. L. Gossage W. R ichards and W. B. Papageorge and D ra. R H. Munch R. E. R e lie r and S. T ucker. R ep resen tin g W estinghouse v e r s : D. S a u te r and R. D. McClain (Bloom ington) D. P. R e is e r (South Boston) T. R. S lo e t (Sharon) B. Boqulsc (H eadquarters E ngineering) T. V. Dakln L. M andelcorn and G. C. G ainer (R esearch L a b o ra to rie s) and J . C. R. R a lly end T. 0 . Munson (Annapolis Ocean R e se a rc h ). The Monsanto r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s aade s p e c i f i c p re s e n ta tio n s which were f u r th e r d is c u sse d by th e group. P. G. Benlgnus review ed s q m o f th e Monsanto A r o d o r a c t i v i t y . Dr. R. H. Munch d isc u sse d th e e c o lo g ic a l problen M ans to minimise r e le a s e o f c h lo rin a te d d ip h e n y ls and new a l t e r n a t i v e liq u id s of a sim ilar type. Dr. S. Tucker presented r e s u lts of biodegradation and animal stu d ie s V. B. Papageorge d e a lt w ith v a rio u s government (th e U.S'.A and o th e rs ) and c o a n itte e a c t i v i t i e s re g a rd in g PCB's. 5*2 Moosanto A ro clo rs - D e sc rip tio n and Usase (T ables 1 - 3 i n d . ) 6 ,r taPC 0 0 0 lQ 3 9 2 202118 TABU I Conpo.ttlon of PUfTtnt liquid Chlorlnafd Plnh.nYl. Components - tlflB 00 X - C h lo rin e 1221 21 1232 32 Honoonto Arocloro KCS 1043 1242 MC3 1016 32 42 42 1248 48 1254 54 1260 60 D iphenyl Mooo-chlorodlpheny 1 14.8 36.5 ' .04 .02 .02 22.2 .72 .93 Di-chlorodipheny 1 26.9 *55 74.4 15.6 19.4 I f risc h io rodi phony1 1.42 I Totre-chlorodlpheny1 06 3.3 54.3 64.5 22.5 15.0 *35 Peato-chlorodlphenyl *60 H ex a-ch io ro d lp h en y 1 *70 * Inclpdee h igher thi p en ta-ch lo rln ated leonero. o Co VO Co 202119 j TABLE 2 Monsanto Production and Salta of Aroclora for 1960-1971, irith Breakdown Shoring Elactrlcal Uaaga (iron CAE Ha n . December 6>1971) U.S.Production Pigur9 in s h o r t tan 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1963 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 20,786 20,333 20,986 22,367 25,417 30,240 32,925 37,655 41,427 38,194 42,527 20,236 Donastic Sales In su la tin g L iq u id i O th ^ 12,444 11,108 11,683 11,448 13,769 16,203 18,897 20,387 20,568 18,564 20,268 14,417 5,163 7,661 7,339 7,618 8,666 %S9S 10,642 10,846 11,990 15,034 16,263 4,401 Exports 1827 2076 1809 1824 2048 2117 3426 4062 5312 5312 6826 4938 a 7or closed e l e c t r i c a l ays ta n s - tra n s f o n e r and c a p a c ito r s . * Includes h e a t-tra n sfe r ays te n s, h y d ra u lic s/lu b ric a n ts, and p la s tic is e r s . 0 Estimated. reef Monsanto - 8- NPC00Q10394 202120 TABLE 3 A roclors Sold in 1970 fo r C ap acito rs and T ra n s fo ra e rs , and C orresponding C ontents o f 5 C h lo rin a te d Coaponents (iS C l'a a re n o r . p r la te n t th an low er l .o n . r . 1 A roclor 1242 1234 Correa ponding M illio n Lbs Sold *5 C l. M illio n Lbs i ^-- C apacitor Usage - (about eq u ally divided between p e e r and f a l l c a p a c ito rs) 26.1 1.83* ,5 .5 1242 1254 1254 1260 C h lo rin ated Benzene * Transform er Usage T " *1 6.3 .4 3.5 3.5 ^1+ %l 4.1 4.1 Would be .07 a l l l i o n lb s fo r MCS 1016 !# CE usage * as repisceaent, e .g ., to rep air s ite s -9 _jjpC 00l0395 202121 5.3 H ig h lig h ts of ttlo d e c ro d a b llltv and A nlnal S tu d ie s F eo o rted by Monsanto TABLE 4 B iodegradability of D ifferen t C hlorinated Diphenyls g - Seal Continuous A c tiv a te d Sludgs T ast 2 x 10 c a l l s / c e (observations a fte r preconditioning sludge to Aroclor tasted ) A roclor X Chlorine I D isappearance in 48 h rs Mono-chlo rodipheny 1 18/5 100 1221 21 88 SCS 1043 30 55 HCS 1016 41 35* 1242 42 25 0 1 s t l l l a t e o f HCS 1016 51 15 1254 15 DOT <10 Linear Alkyl Sulfonate-Standard 100 * Noted c o n c e n tra tin g o f 4 -, 5 -,, and 6 - c h lo r in a te d ls o n e rs - S lag le C u ltu re s , C-2 and C-3* w ith s p e c i f i c is o a e r s (Europe) Both c u ltu r e s have ap proxim ately th e san e e f f e c t . C hlorinated Diphenyl d l and t r l te tra T ine f o r SOX D isappearance *26 days *30 days - 10 V NPCQ0010396 202122 Monsanto observed, in exposures of anim als to A ro clo rs, th a t th e re ta in e d m a te ria l was r ic h e r in th e p en ta and h ig h e r c h lo rin a te d iso m e rs, and p o o rer in the*low er ( t e t r a and below) iso m ers. T his was shown in : 1. chicken f a t o f chickens whose feed c o n ta in e d A ro d o r 1242 (leakage of heat tra n sfe r flu id ), 2. M ississip p i R iver carp , caught downstream from th e ir Sauget, I llin o is p la n t, 3. m ilk from a cow exposed to A r o d o r 1254 (which was used as a p la s tic is e r), 4* f i s h exposed to A r o d o r 1254, and 5. dogs exposed to A ro d o r 1242, in c o n tro lle d feeding. T heir f a t had c h lo rin a te d diphenyls of a com position resem bling th a t of A ro d o r 1260. - 11 - NPC00010397 202123 TABU 5 "Storage" o f C hlorinated Diphenyls in Albino R ate, A fte r 24 Months' Exposure in Feed U o te: C oncentration in lip id became approxim ately co n stan t a t about 6-12 m onths; excep t f o r A roclor 1254 and 1260 exposures a t h ig h e r c o n c e n tra tio n s ! n o ted by *9 where i t tended to Increase continuously w ith tim e, and the liv e r to b rain weight r a tio increased. Aroelor - in Feed 1242 1254 1260 C o n c e n tra tio n in L ip id , oom. at - I 10 -------- 1S00s-------- In fM d 70 200 50 200 * 1,500 7 7 5,000-10,000* - 12 - TQPC00010398 202124 TABLE 6 "S torage" o f C hlorinated Dlphenyle In Doge, A fter 24 M onths' Eanoeure in Feed A roclor - in Feed 1242 1254 1260 Concentration in L ipid, w e , at 3 10 5 i 22. f r feed 6 6 18 109* 13 86* 579* reduced weight gain, increaae in liv e r to b ra in weight ra tio - 13 - NPC000103"99 4 202125 y.i Control o f PC1 :.S.A. C o n tro l o f PCB'o i n th n C .8ft.A . in by in d iv id u a l sen e , w ith jjv lc from FDA G enerally thft le v e ls th a t a re p e rm itte d e re eq uiva lent to th o se s p e c if ie d f o r DOT They e re " a c tio n " le v e ls n o t "regulatory" n o tin g th a t th ey a re n o t p rec e d e n t s e t t i n g . See T able 7. Certain F ed eral l e g i s l a t i o n th a t would in c lu d e PCB c o n tr o l i s being considered. Monsanto th e s o le pro d u cer of c h lo rin a te d d ip h e n y ls i n th e I'.S.A. has lim ite d t h e i r a v a i l a b i l i t y to s e a le d e l e c t r i c a l systems i.e. capacitors and transform ers. A v a ila b ility fo r o th e r ap p lic a tio n s is being sto p p e d . T his a c tio n w i l l cover a l l n o n - e l e c t r i c a l u a e rs same lia in 1972. United kingdom M onsanto's p o lic ie s th e re e re the same as in th e U.S.A. Sweden, Norway, and H olland The governments of th e se c o u n trie s a re planning to e a t lav e to lim it usage and le v e ls of PCB's. Japan L e g is la tio n may be en acted In Japan to c o n tr o l PCB's fo llo w in g pressure from th e news m adia. Germany Bayer who produces c h lo rin a te d d ip h en y ls in Germany w i l l be c o n tro llin g i t s a v a i l a b i l i t y s t a r t i n g Jan u ary 1 1972. Greece. I ta ly , end Russia These c o u n trie s a re p re s e n tly tak in g th e a t t i t u d e th a t PCB's t p re se n t eny problem s. - 14 - ------ N P C 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 0 202126 TABLE 7 G en erally P e rm itte d "A ction91 L avais o f FCB's f i a i as^ th oaa issu e d f o r DPT) Madiua Water B uttar fat M lk Fish Egss P arts par M illion PCB P e rm itte d .5 2 .5 f o r 4Z b u t t e r f a t 15 - NPC o o lt)<O l 202127 >*| I I V* I I. | Mfc I| .1. IAHI fr 8 So m S i g n i f i c a n t P rop erties of Certain Candidata In s u la tin g F luids ______ __________________to Replace Aroclor 12A2 Fluid D is la c c ile C onaeant. C ^ y U n d 0 ,y o Cup. P l a c a b i l i t y . C ost, c ' P, a t 100*C F lash P o in t - *C - F ire P o in t D ensity f/u > A roclor 1242 4.9 194 333 1.38 18 A roclor MCS 1016 4.9 191 319 1.36 18 A roclor MCS 1043 (lover chlorinated diphenyl) O' i * E ater Solution (UD) ta c o C O il 4.8 3.7 2.1 160 150 145 244 1.28 18 160 .95 20 150 .9 3 (C hlorinated diphenyl oxide) More to x ic than A roclor (Nonaan to ) This inforna t Ion should ba regarded ag e sp e c ia lly c o n fid e n tia l v i th in W estinghouse. oO o Mo O O rsj 202128 j DISTRIBUTION LIST rch L aboratori-- W, E. Shoupp J. Swiss Library (3) j . W. Coltaon C. W. Wiener C. C. Gainer* H D C antar - Haadqtrs* Em m . v. I. Baker Catsway - H ssd q trs. E agre. S. V. H arvald ft. Boquist Sotiroafrllls Mall - Eav. Systeas P. lussar. B looqinston* In d . - DAD J . B. B r i t t a i n R. D. McClain D* M. S a u ta r 1 Sharon - FTP j R. L. Bcfarab H* R. Shappard T. R. S lo at * South Boa ton* Va* PTD C* C. W ilburn D. P. R a i a a r A n n ap o lis. Md* - Ocean Raa. J . C. R. R ally X* 0* Munson ssh ln ito n . D.C. - G ovt. A ffa rla S. A. Jordan C leveland * Ohio - LD M. E. Reck C* 7* Scholz ~TJPC00010403 202129 PROPRIETARY CLASS 1 Strftetiy Ibnlfod dlatrlbatftoa. C n M tM d tm g r etrcnultteM ba dlatrlbotad oateiia tb e w * rujf* laaftda i t oompa&y, rteiplist matt ha* a apaalfle aaad for i t kafomatfoa fta d a oot* foet aiila alfart raapooalbaittaa. DESTROY BY BURNING OR SHREDDING t r NPC00010404 202130