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Report of Results! MVA7921 Beveling Carlisle Truck Brakes P repared for, Si mmons CCoooper 707 Berkshire Blvd. East Alto n, IL 62024 Reespectfully Submitted by, James R. M illette, Ph.D. Executive Director MVA Sci entific Consultants 3300 Bre ckinridge Boulevard Suite 400 Duluth, 096 25 August 2009 7921 :082509 Report of Results! MVA7921 Beveling Carlisle Truck Brakes Introduction This report presents the results of a study of asbestos fiber release during the beveling of Carlisle truck brake linings. The box of eight Carlisle truck brake linings used in the study was received at MVA Sci entific Consultants on 23 J une 2009 from Brian Hausman of the firm of Simmons Cooper. Original writing on the box says, in part, C arlisle Premium L ong Mileage Heavy Duty Brake Lining Set, FMS 4468X, Type R41 " (Figures 1 through 3). Each brake lining had "F4468DISEG" printed on the concave side (Figures 4 and 5). The brake pads were assigned unique MVA laboratory sample numbers U0912 through U0919. A DeW alt heavy duty power grinder with several DeW alt grinding wheels was received from Brian Hausman on 22 July 2009. Th e power grinder was a model DW840, 8,000 RPM. The grinding whee l was a DeWalt General Purpose Type 27 wheel (7" x %"). S a m ples of the brake linings were analyzed for asbestos and then tested to determine fiber release during beveling with a power grinder. The experiment was performed on 18 A ugu st 2009. Sample numbers for the air samples collected during the activities are shown in Table 1. The analyses were done in the MVA laboratory during the period 09 J uly through 25 Augu st 2009. M eth ods The brake linings were initially examined under an Olympus SZ-40 stereo m icroscope. P ortions of the particulate were mounted in appropriate refractive index liquids for analysis using an Oly mpus BH-2 polarized light microscope (PLM). The PLM analysis followed the analytical procedures recommended by the U.S. E nviron m ental Protectioi Agency (1). T he PLM results for asbestos are given in terms of percent by volume. In order to concentrate possible amphibole material for analysis, an acid/base digestion procedure (2) was used to eliminate the soluble fractions. A portion of the sample was ashed and the residue remaining was transferred to a 100 ml round'bottom flask containing 80 ml of acid (2N H2SO4) and fitted with a reflux condenser. The suspension was boiled for one hour. The residue was collected by centrifugation and the reflux procedure was repeated with sodium hydroxide (4N). T he residue was then suspended in water and a known aliquot was extracted and filtered through a 0.2 |jm pore size polycarbonate filter. The filter was dried and grids prepared following standard direct preparation procedures (AHERA/ISO10312) for analysis by transmission electron m icroscopy (TEM). A laboratory blank sample following all the procedures except the addition of test material was prepared in a similar way. The TEM results for asbestos are given in terms of percent by weight. 7921 ;082509 Page 2 of 11 The air samples collected during the studies were analyzed using the phase contrast m icroscopy (PCM) NIOSH M ethod 7400 and transmission el ectron microsco py (TEM) NIOSH M ethod 7402. A n attempt was also made to analyze the air samples by TEM according to the EPA AHERA m ethod. Study Design This study for possible fiber release involved grinding the edges of brake pads in a controlled area while air samples were collected. Air samples were also collected during sweeping with a push broom after a 30 minute settling period following the last beveling activity. M r. Chris DeP asquale, CIH of Compass Environmental, Inc. of Kennesaw, GA performed the activities. Air samples were collected in the breathing zone on both sides of the worker (Mr. D eP asquale) while the brake linings were beveled. Area air samples were collected approximately 5 feet from the activities. The sample collection period for the first brake lining beveling was three minutes, four minutes for the second beveling of a pair of brake linings and five minutes for the sweeping of the brake dust. The brake blocks (pads) were beveled with a De^W alt heavy duty medium angle power grinder (7 in), DW840, 8,000 RPM. T he grinding wheel was a DeW alt General Purpose Type 27 wheel (7" x %"). T he flow rates of the two personal samples collected for each test were one-half and tw o liters per minute. S tudy Site The study was conducted in a specially built test chamber in Duluth, Georgia. The test chamber work area was approximately 9 ft high by 10 ft wide by 12 ft long. The study area had a High Efficiency P articulate Absolute (HEPA) air filtration device (AFD) which was used to clean the area of particulate including asbestos before testing activities. The HEPA unit ran at a low flow-rate during the testing and then at a high flow-rate after the testing. W hile inside the study area, Mr. DeP asquale was protected by an air purifying respirator and complete head and body coverings. Re P olarized light microscopy (PLM) bulk analysis showed that C arlisle tr uck brake linings contain approximately 20 - 40% ch ry s otile asbestos by volum e. TEM showed that the linings also contain a small amount (7 parts per million, 0.0007% by w eight) of tremolite asbestos fibers. No asbestos was detected n the blank samples or in the sample collected in the chamber before the testing began. 7921 :082509 Page 3 of 11 The asbestos level in the breathing zone of the worker during beveling one Carlisle truck brake lining ranged from 69 to 81 fibers/cc (PCM NIOSH 7400 value times TEM NIOSH 7402 percent asbestos). The area sample (approximately 5 feet away) during mixing had a flow rate of five liters per minute and was very over-loaded. The airborne asbestos concentration during the beveling of two brake linings immediately following the beveling of one brake lining was 241 F/cc. D uring sweeping, which occurred 20 minutes after the beveling of two brake linings, the asbestos level in the breathing zone of the worker was 165 F/cc. The AHERA TEM counts could not be completed because the samples contained too many small and thin asbestos fibers than could be accurately counted. It was estimated that each grid opening contained over 100 asbestos structures. It was evident that during beveling and sweeping the air concentrations of total asbestos fibers of all sizes were over 1,000 structures per cc. The data are shown in Table 1. Representative photographs and micrographs taken during the study are sh own in Figures 6 through 11. R efere nce s 1. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Test Method EPA/600/R-93/116 - M ethod for the Determination of Asbestos in Bulk Building Materials. 2. ''Analysis of Amphibole Asbestos in Chrysotile and Other Minerals" by J. Addison and L.S.T. Davies. Ann. Occup. Hyg. Vol. 34. No. 2. pp. 159-175, 1990. 7921 ;082509 Page 4 of 11 Table 1. R esults of A sbestos A nalysis During Beveling of Carlisle Truck Brake Linings and Sweeping Brake Dust MVA # U1284 U1292 U1293 U1286 U1288 U1285 U1287 U1289 Description Before Testing Beveling 1 Brake (Pers.) Beveling 1 Brake (Pers.) Beveling 2 Brakes (Pers.) Beveling 2 Brakes (Pers.) Area Sweeping Sweeping Duration Minu tes Volume Liters 7400 F/cc 7402 %As b NA* NA 3 6 69 NA 3 1.5 81 100% 4 8 Q|_** =1= NA 4 2 241 100% 7 35 OL OL 5 10 OL NA 5 2.5 165 100% AHERA Str/c c BDL** NA Estim ate >1,000 NA Estimate >1,000 OL NA Estimate >1,000 NA - N ot A n alyzed * * BDL - B elow Detection Level of 0.01 S tr/c s|c s|c OL -- Filter Over-loaded 7921 :082509 Page 5 of 11 CARLISLE heavy duty brake lining set FMS44t friction MOLDED MATERIA! rnm, n D,V,S,ON F colons RiiIuDhGjWwA/ Y pa PHONE 814-773-3,q5 TWX 510-693-2922 MADE IN S.A. MVA7921U0912 boxlabel 0174 an i gure 1. Carlisle truck brake lining box. FMS-Hoo. FRICTION El- j molded MATERIALS COMPANY DIVISIO~>Nn rOFc CARLISLE-C___O__R_ PORATIO1N' RIDGWAY, PA. 15853 PHONE 814-773-3185 TWX 510-693-2922 MVA7921U0912 boxlabel 0175 an i gure 2. C arlisle truck brake lining box -- close'up of label. mm 7921 :082509 Page 6 of 11 F gure 3. Eight brake linings n box. 7921 :082509 4. C arlisle truck brake lining sample U0912. Page 7 of 11 5. C lose'up of printing on brake lining that says "F4468DISEG". Figure 6. C lose'up of surface of Carlisle brake lining showing chrysotile asbestos protruding, 7921 :082509 Page 8 of 11 Figure 7. TEM mage of tremolite asbestos fibers found sample U091 2 . n C arlisle truck brake lining Figure 8. TEM x-ray spectrum of tremolite asbestos fiber in Carlisle truck brake lining sample U0912. 7921 ;082509 Page 9 of 11 Figure 9. TEM mage of chrysotile asbestos fibers in air sample U1293 collected during beveling of a Carlisle truck brake lining. Figure 10. TEM mage of chrysotile asbestos fibers in air sample U 1 288 collected during beveling of Carlisle truck brake linings. 7921 ;082509 Page 10 of 11 Figure 11. TEM mage of chrysotile asbestos fibers in air sa m ple U 1 289 collected durin g sweeping of Carlisle truck brake d u st. 7921 ;082509 Page 11 of 11