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AR226-3226
FINAL REPORT
IN VIVO RAT MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY
'COVANCE STUDY: 22900-0-454OECD
STUDY SCHEDULE: Sudy nisionDate: 18-0012001
Initial Dose Date:
23-01-2001
StudyTerminatDiaoten: 19Nov-2001
Fina Report Date: 25.3202
STUDY DIRECTOR, TESTING FACILITY. AND SPONSOR
[er --
Gregory L. Erexson, PD, DABT
-
Testing Facility:
C5V2oi0ve0annL,ceeveLisarbgooinrnaiPtaiokr3ei2e1s8I2nc. (Covance)
1700 Main Street `Santa Monica, California 90407
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`TABLE OF CONTENTS
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PAGE
22 221 222 23 24
3.
3.11 32
33
4. 4.1 4.1.1
4.2
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44
46
Ss4.7
51
COBIIOIS cosrrrssrssrssrsssesnssmssessssssssssesssssssssssssssssssssssssssssesssssss
Vehicle Control Article...
------------------
rat asin
Positive Control Article............coooeieieirene
nsnsnimmmiinsimmmiiion 10
Animals and HUsHandry.....mmsssssssmssssssssssmssssssmmssssssssssasssss 10
Selection, Randomization, and Identification ofRatS...........cusecsnes 11
DOSE RANGEFINDING STUDY..ccouvmmmmmmmmmmmsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss 11
Rationale for DOSE SEleCtiON.......cooouurresuvrerrssmsensrsssssssssssssssssssssessnns 11 Test Article Formulation, Administration, and Duration of
Clinical Observations and MOFAlity .....iusmmessmsnn 13
MICRONUCLEUS STUDYcevessssmmssmsmssssssssssssssssssssassssssssssssssssssassses 14
Study Desigh cms
gs. 14
Rationalefor DOSE SEIECtiON........cvvvresevverrssesrerrrsssnarsessssssssrssssssneesss 14
Test Article Formulation, Administration, and Duration of
DOSE cerns
14
hrm Clinical Observations and Mortality ........cmmmmmmmms 15
Extraction of Bone Marrow o.oo
15
SHAE ADBIYSIS conn
16
Data Presentation mms 17
EVALUATION OFTESTRESULTSmi] ASSAY ACCEPLANICE CTHET um Cove e 290s 34540811
Compr senSos rca TSAGB
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6.
1
AN CCEPLaDIECOe NITOIS ce rv nah --
Assay EVAIURLON CHIteria wovvuevsessmmmssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss 18
RECORDS TO BE MAINTAINED ccovvvumsmnsssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssses 18.
E01 STOR TOIT 1:31 3 OL--------------
81
FE
----
82
Micronucleus Evaluation (Appendix A -Table 3 Summary
Data, Tables 4-5 Individual Data)........smsssssmssssmssssssssssessssesssss 19
9.
CONCLUSIONS cccnsswcrssrsemsversessmemsmmsssmsmsssssmnssmssesmrssessmsssssssssss 30
10.
LIST OF REFERENCES ..ccoovsrrmsmsssssmssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssses 20
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Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6.
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
Dose Rangefinding Study Design .............cceuusveserssssussssssmssssessssssssssens 11
Micronucleus Study Design rereveveveveee
nmmsssesanmsssaaremmrsssoreness 1
Micronucleus SUMmMAIY Data.........vsussssssssessssssssssssssssssissssssns 23
Micronucleus Test -- 24-Hour Harvest Individual Male Data........
24
Micronucleus Test- 48-Hour Harvest Individual Male Data................... 25
Rat Micronucleus Historical Control Data -- 1/2000 through
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix A -- Experimental Data Tables .........ew
"3
Appendix B --Historical CONtrol Data ............ccouvureesrsusnerssssssnsscsss
Appendix C -- Quality Assurance and Compliance Statements...
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28.
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SUMMARY
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the test article, 8-2 Alcohol, for in vivo clastogenic activity and/or disruptionof the mitotic apparatus by examining bone
`marrow polychromatic erythrocytes in male Crl:CD(SD)IGS BR rats for micronuclei.
Dose Rangefinding Study Design and Parameters: Since no appropriate toxicity data was available, a dose rangefinding study was performed. The test article was prepared in 0.5% aqueous methylcellulose and dosed once by oral gavage to three males and three females at 2000 mg/kg and adose volume of 20 mL/kg. The test article produced no lethaliotry signsofclinical toxicity.
Micronucleus Study Design and Parameters: Based on the resultsofthe dose
-
rangefinding study, the high-dose chosen was 2000 mg/kg.
The test article was prepared in 0.5% aqueous methylcellulose and dosed once by oral
gavage to six males/dose levelharvest timepoint at 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg ata
dosing volume of 20 mL/kg. Fiveofthe 6 animals from the 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg
dose groups were euthanized for bone marrow extraction at approximately 24 and 48
hours postdose. Five animals dosed once with the positive control article,
cyclophosphamide at 60 mg/kg, were euthanized for bone marrow extraction
approximately 24 hours postdose.
.
Covance 22900-0-4540ECD Company Santized. Dossnot contain TSCA CEI
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Results: The test arti
oroduced no lethality or signs ofclinical toxicity.
"The test articl
was not cytotoxic to the bone marrow (i.e, no statistically
significant decrease in the PCE:NCE ratio) at up to 2000 mg/kg. The test Ej)
(on: not induce a statistically significant increase in micronucleated PCEs at any
ofthe dose levels ested.
Conclusion: The test ic Rc no signsofclinical toxicity in male
is exposed up 10 2000 my, the regulatory limit dose for his assay. In additional]
--.. not cytotoxic to the bone marrow at up to 2000 mg/kg. Note,ifobserved, a
statistically significant decrease in the PCE:NCE ratio would be evidenceofbone marrow cytotoxicity induced by the test article.
-
In the micronucleus ws
not induce a statistically significant increase
in micronucleated PCEs at anyofthe doses ested. Thereof
considered
negative in the rat bone marrow micronucleus assay under the conditions of this assay.
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1
INTRODUCTION
The objectiveofthis study was to evaluate the teswt ilemer vive
clastogenic activity and/or disruption ofthe mitotic apparatus by examining bone marrow
polychromatic erythrocytes in male Crl:CD*(SD)IGS BR rats for micronuclei. The assay
design was based on OECD Guideline 474, updated and adopted July 21,1997 (OECD, 1997)
`The micronucleus test can detect clastogenic agents (i. agents that cause breaks in chromosomes) and agents which interfere with normal mitotic cell division (Schmid,
1975; Heddle et al. 1983; Heddle etal, 1991). Micronuclei are small chromatin bodics, consistingofentire chromosomes and/or acentric chromosome fragments, which lag behind at mitotic anaphase. Micronuclei are not normally present in erythrocytes. At
-
telophase, these chromosomes and/or fragments are not segregated to cither daughter
nucleus, thus forming single or multiple micronuclei in the cytoplasm. The nucleus is
extruded during maturation of hematopoietic cells from erythroblasts to erythrocytes Micronucleiifpresent, persist in the cytoplasm of these non-nucleated cells. Detection
ofmicronuclei in non-nueleated cels eliminates the need to search for metaphase spreads in treated cll populations. Clastogenic agents and test articles that affect spindle-fiber function or formation can be detected through micronucleus induction (Schmid, 1975). In
this study, enucleated immature red blood cells (polychromatic erythrocytes, PCES) were
analyzed for the presenceofmicronuclei.
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2
MATERIALS
21
Test Article
Test Article: TomS s --
Haskell Number: 9924691
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CAS Number: --]
Date Received: 08-Aug-2001
The test
a as a white solid, was stored at ambient
temperature. The Sponsor i responsible forthe determination and documentation of
analytical purty, composition, and stabilityofthe test article
22
Controls
221 Vehicle Control Aricle "The vehicle control article was 0.5 % aqueous methylcellulose (Covance Batch No. 08-25-01 and 09-14-01 for the dose rangefinding and micronucleus assay, respectively). The vehicle control animals were dosed with the vehicle control by the same route as, and in parallel with, th test article, os single dose at 20 mLkg.
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222
Positive Control Article
`The positive control article used in this study was Cyclophosphamide (Sigma
Lot No. 108H0568, CAS No. 6055-19-2) at a dose levelof 60 mg/kg and a dose volume
of 10 mL/kg.
FE
`Young adult male and female:Crl:CD%(SD)IGS BR rats were purchased from Charles
River Laboratories, Raleigh, NC. This outbred rat maximizes genetic heterogeneity and therefore tends to eliminate strain-specific response to test articles. The protocol for this study was approved by the Covance-ACUC.
_
`The animals were acclimatedforat least 5 days before being placed on study. The
animals were housed in sanitary, stainless-steel, hanging, wire cages. The animals were
housed up to two animals per cage during acclimation and singly after randomization.
`The animals were housed under the following climatic conditions: temperature, 18C --
26C (64F -- 79F); humidity, 30% - 70%; light cycle, 12 hours light/dark; at least 10 air
changes per hour. A commercial diet, PMI Feeds, Inc. Certified Rodent Diet #5002
(Pellets) and tap water were available ad libitum. The feed was analyzed by the manufacturer for concentrationsofspecified heavy metals, aflatoxin, chlorinated
`hydrocarbons, organophosphates, and specified nutrients. The water was analyzed
biannually, on a retrospective basis, by Bioreliance and Montgomery Watson for specified microorganisms, pesticides, heavy metals, alkalinity, and halogens.
`Contaminants known or reasonably anticipated to in the diet or water were not at levels
expected to interfere with fulfilling the study objective.
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Personnel handling the animals or working within the animal facilities were required to
wear suitable protective garments and equipment.
24
Selection, Randomization, and Identification of Rats
The animals were randomly assigned to study groups, according to Covance's standard operating procedures, by a computer-based randomization program. Each animal was
uniquely identified by ear tag. Treatment groups were identified by cage label.
3
DOSE RANGEFINDING STUDY
31
Study Design
-----
The treatment regimen for the dose rangefinding study is shown in Table 1.
aoEomhrTable 1.
eemraoie Dose Rangefinding Study Design
gsco e, a
311
Rationale for Dose Selection
Since no appropriate toxicity data was available (.8., the same species, strain, same route, eic?),a dose rangefinding study was performed using both sexes and the same
treatment regimen used in the micronucleus assay. The dose level tested was.
2000 mg/kg, the accepted limit dose.
_
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32
Test Article Formulation, Administration, and Durationof Dosing
`The test wc
was a solid at room temperature. In order to ensure
homogeneity, the test aricle was placed in a heated water bath (approximately 60 ~ 80C)
uniil liquefied. The dosing solution was prepared by adding the appropriate volume of
the vehicle, 0.5% aqueous methylcellulose, to a pre-weighed quantityoftest article and
mixing to form a homogeneous suspension. The dosing solution was stored at ambient
temperature uniil dosing and stirred during the dosing procedure. The dosing solution
was administered once to three males and three females at 2000 mg/kg by oral gavage at a
dosing volumeof20 mLkg.
"The animals were dosed on 23-Oct-2001. A totalofsix animals, approximately weeks old a the timeofdosing, witah weight range of 262 to 276 g and 188 to 195 g for the males and females, respectively, were used for this study. The weight variationofthe animals did not exceed 20% of the mean weight. The animals were weighed prior to dosingand dosed based upon the individual animal weights. All animals were dosed on an acute (one-time only) basis.
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33
Clinical Observations and Mortality
During the 7-day acclimation period, the rats were observed at last once daily for abnormalities in appearance or behavior. During the dosing period, all animals were examined immediately after cach dose, approximately 1 hour after each dose, and atleast daily for the duration ofthis study for toxic signs and/or mortality.
34
Results
All animals appeared normal immediately after dosing and no signsoftoxicity were noted until the end ofthe observation period. Therefore, 2000 mg/kg was selected as the high-dose for the micronucleus study. Only males (since both sexes appeared to respond similarly) were tested.
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4
MICRONUCLEUS STUDY
a1
Study Design
"The treatment regimen for the micronucleus study is shown in Table 2.
Table2. Micronucleus Study Design
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DosingnVeolume No.oif tiAonnnalsHarve Tintogugri
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411 Rationale for Dose Selection
Based on resultsofthe dose rangefinding study, dose levels of0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mig at a dose volumeof 20 mL/kg were selected. Only males were used in the micronucleus assay, since both sexes appeared to respond similarly in the dose rangefinding study.
42
Test Article Formulation, Administration, and Duration of Dosing
The est aJJrcas solid at room temperature, In onder to ensure homogeneity, the test article was placed in a heated water bath (approximately 60 ~ 80C) until liquefied. The 100 mg/mL dosing concentration Pn. prepared by adding the appropriate volume of the vehicle, 0.5% aqueous methylCellulose 1 apreweighed quantity of test article and mixing to form a homogeneous suspension. Lower
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concentrations were achieved by diluting the 100 mg/mL dosing solution with vehicle control article. The formulations were stored at ambient temperature until dosing and stirred during the dosing procedure. The test article was administered once to six males/dose level/harvest timepoint by oral gavage at dose levelsof0, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg ata dosing volume of20 mL/kg.
Cyclophosphamide, the positive control article, was dissolved in sterile deionized water
(Covance, Batch No. 10-04-01) and administered by once by oral gavage at dose volume of 10 mL/kg.
`The animals used were dosed on 05-Nov-2001. A total of 54 male animals,
`approximately 8 weeks old at the timeofdosing, with a weight rangeof 222 t0 276 g
-_
`were used for this study. The weight variationofthe animals did not exceed 20%ofthe
mean weight. The animals were weighed prior todosingand dosed based upon the
individual animal weights. All animals were dosed on an acute (one-time only) basis.
43
Clinical Observations and Mortality
During the acclimation period, the rats were observed at least once daily for abnormalities
in appearance or behavior. All animals were examined immediately after cach dose,
approximately 1 hour after each dose, and at least daily for the durationofthis study for
toxic signs and/or mortality. _
}
44
Extraction of Bone Marrow
At the appropriate harvest timepoints, the animals were euthanized by CO; inhalation
followed by incision of the diaphragm. The hind limb bones (tibias) were removed for
.
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`marrow extraction from the first five selected surviving animals. For each animal, the
marrow flushed from the bones was combined in an individual centrifuge tube containing
3-5 mL fetal bovine serum (onetubeperanimal). Animals not needed for bone marrow
collection were euthanized at the completionof the study.
45
Preparationof Slides.
Following centrifugation to pellet the cells, the supernatant was removed by aspiration
and portions of the pellet were spread on slides and air dried. The slides were fixed in
methanol, stained in acridine orange, protected by mounting with coverslips, and analyzed under fluorescent microscopy. For controlofbias, all slides were coded prior to analysis.
-
4 Side Anlyss
Slides prepared from the bone marrow collected from the five animals per group at the
designated harvest timepoints were scored for micronuclei and the PCE to NCE cell ratio.
`The micronucleus frequency (expressed as percent micronucleated cells) was determined by analyzing the number ofmicronucleated PCE from at least 2000 PCE per animal.
"The PCE:NCE ratio was determined by scoring the numberof PCEs and NCEs observed in the optic fields while scoring at least the first 500 erythrocytes on the slide. The criteria for the identification ofmicronuclei were those of Schmid (Schmid, 1976).
Micronuclei were darkly stained and generally round, although almond- and ring-shaped
micronuclei occasionally occurred. Micronuclei had sharp borders and were generally
`between 1/20 and 1/5 the size ofthe PCEs. The unit ofscoring was the micronucleated
cell, not the micronucleus; thus, the occasional cell with more than one micronucleus was counted as one micronucleated PCE, not two (or more) micronuclei.
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`The staining procedure permitted the differentiation by color ofPCEs and NCEs (brightorange and ghostlike, dark-green, respectively).
The historical background frequency ofmicronucleated cells was expressed as percent micronucleated cells based on the numobfPeCrE analyzed. The historical background
frequencyof micronuclei in the Crl:CD(SD)IGS BR strain in this laboratory is about
0.0-0.4%.
47
Data Presentation
`The mean percent micronucleated PCEs and PCE:NCE ratio and their standard errors are
summarized by dose group for the different timepoints. Individual animal data are also
_
shown. Study data are presented in Appendix A. Historical control data are presented in
Appendix B.
5.
EVALUATION OF TEST RESULTS
51
Assay Acceptance Criteria
511
Acceptable Controls
:
"The vehicle control group was within the historical control range, having less than
approximately0.4% micronucleated PCEs. The positive control group was significantly
higher (p # 0.05) than the vehicle control group.
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512
Acceptable High Dose
`The high dose reached the regulatory dose limit dose for this assay (2000 mg/kg).
Assay data analysis was performed using an analysisofvariance (Winer, 1971) on `untransformed proportionsofcells with micronuclei per animal and on untransformed.
PCE:NCE ratios when the variances were homogeneous. Ranked proportions were used
for heterogeneous variances. Ifthe analysisofvariance was statistically significant
(p< 0.05), a Dunnett's t-test (Dunnett, 1955; Dunnett 1964) was used to determine which
dose groups,ifany, were statistically significantly different from the vehicle control.
Analyses were performed separately for each sampling time.
`The criteria for a positive response was the detection ofa statistically significant increase
in micronucleated PCEs for at least one dose level, and a statistically significant dose-
related response. A test article that did not induce bothofthese responses was considered negative. Statistical significance was not the only determinant of a positive response; the Study Director also considered the biological relevanceofthe results in the final
evaluation.
6.
RECORDS TO BE MAINTAINED
All raw data, documentation, records, the protocol, and the final report generated as a
resultofthis study will be archived in the storage facilitiesofCovance-Vienna for at least 1 year following submissionofthe final report to the Sponsor. After the 1-year period, the Sponsor may elect to have the aforementioned materials retained in the storage
_
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facilitiesofCovance-Vienna for an additional periodof time or sent to a storage facility designated by the Sponsor.
7
STUDY RESPONSIBILITIES
Function Study Director
In-life Laboratory Supervisor
Post-life Laboratory Supervisor
Responsible Person(s)
8.
RESULTS
81
Mortality and Clinical Observations
-
The test i
oc no lethality or signsofclinical toxicity until the
appropriate harvest timepoints,
82
Micronucleus Evaluation (Appendix A ~Table 3 Summary Data,
`Tables 4-5 Individual Data)
The test ricefg vs not cytotoxic to the bone marrow (i.., no statistically
significant decrease in the PCE:NCEwai)fc not induce a statistically
significant increase in micronucleated PCEs at anyofthe dose levels tested. The positive control article, cyclophosphamide, induced statistically significant increases in
micronucleated PCEs, as compared to the vehicle control, with a mean and standard error
of 3.10% + 0.29%.
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9.
CONCLUSIONS
"The test artcl
produced no signsof clinical toxicity in male rats exposed
up to 2000
the regulatory limit dose for this assay. In sadiionJMR
not cytotoxic (o the bone marrow at up to 2000 mg/kg. Note, ifobserved, a statistically
significant decrease in the PCE:NCE ratio would be evidence of bone marrow
cytotoxicity induced by the test article.
In the micronucleus we [a not induce a statistically significant increase
in micronclested PCE at anyof th doses teste. Therefore NBR considered negative in the rat bone marrow micronucleus assay under the conditionsofthis assay.
10.
LIST OF REFERENCES
Dunnett, 1955. Dunnett CW. A multiple comparisons procedure for comparing several treatments with a contrJoAlm, Statist Assoc. (1955); 50:1096-1121
Dunnett, 1964. Dunnett CW. New tables for multiple comparisons with a control, Biometrics (1964); 20:482-491.
Heddle et aL, 1983. Heddle JA, Hite M, Kirkhart B ef al. The inductionof micronuclei as a measure of `genotoxicity, Mutation Res (1983); 123:61-118.
Heddleer al, 1991. :
.
Heddle JA, Cimino MC, Hayashi M et al. Micromuclei as an indexof cytogenetic
damage: past, present, and future, Env and Mol Mutagen (1991); 18:277-291
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OECD, 1998.
Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Genetic toxicology:
mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test. OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals 1998; No. 474.
Schmid, 1975. Schmid W. The micronucleus test, Mutation Res (1975); 31:9-15.
Schmid, 1976. Schmid W. (1976) The micronucleus test for cytogenetic analysis, in: Hollaender, A. (Ed), Chemical Mutagens: Principles and Methods for Their Detection, 1976 Vol. 4,
Plenum, pp. 31-53.
`Winer BJ, Statistical Principles in Experimental Design; McGraw-Hill, New York, (1971) Second Edition.
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Appendix A. Experimental Data Tables
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Tabled. Mictonucleus Test in Bone Marrow Cells Summary Data -- Male Rats
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Appendix B. Historical Control Data
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QUALITY ASSURANCE STATEMENT
[me]. Vivo Rat Micronucleus Assay
`The report has been reviewed by the Quality Assurance Unitof Covance Laboratories Inc., in accordance with the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations as set forth in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Title 21 of the U.S. Codeof Federal Regulations Part 58; the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Principles of Good Laboratory Practice, ENV/MC/CHEM (98) 17; the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA-TSCA), Title 40 of the US Code of Federal Regulations Part 792, issued November 29, 1983 (effective December 29, 1983 [revision effective September 18, 19891); and any applicable amendments
The following inspections were conducted and the findings reported to the Study Director and study director management. Written status reports of inspections and findings are issued to Covance management according to standard operating procedures.
Dates Reported to Study
-
Inspection Dates
Phase
Director and Study ~~ Auditor
Director Management
22.0ct-2001
Protocol Review
22-0t:2001 J. Howard
06-Nov-2001
Slide Preparation
06-Nov-2001 S. Ballenger
03-Dec-2001 Draft Report Review 04-Dec-2001 P. Caceres
21-Dec-2001 Revised Draft Report Review 21-Dec-2001 P. Caceres
25-Jan-2002 Final Report Review 25-Jan-2002 P. Ciceres
Ee heniting Representative, Quality Assurance Unit
oi[28/02 Date
_
Covance 22900-0-4540ECD
CompanySanitizsd.Deoiecoms SSCACS!
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STUDY COMPLIANCE AND CERTIFICATION
`The described study was conducted in compliance with the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations as set forth in the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Title 21ofthe
U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Part 58; the Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD) Principles of Good Laboratory Practice, ENV/MC/CHEM
(98) 17; the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA-TSCAY), Title 40 of the US Code of
Federal Regulations Part 792, issued November 29, 1983 (effective December 29, 1983
[revision effective September 18, 1989)); and with any applicable amendments. There `were no deviations from the aforementioned regulations or the signed protocol that would affect the integrity of the study or the interpretationofthe test results. The raw data have been reviewed by the Study Director, who certifies that the evaluation of the test article as presented herein represents an appropriate conclusion within the contextofthe study design and evaluation criteria. All test and control results in this report are supported by an experimental data record and this record has been reviewed by the Study Director.
Although the test substance characterization (ISO 9001) was not performed under GLP
standards, the accuracy of thedatais considered sufficient for the purposesof this study.
~
The dosing preparations were not analyzed for stability, homogeneity, or accuracy of
concentration. The procedure used by trained staftof prepare the dosing solutions
ensured:
The accuracy of concentration because the test substance was weighed on an
analytical balance accurate to three decimal places and the vehicle in which it
was suspended was accurately measured in a flask graduated in 1-mL
+ Homogeneity because the mixtures were stirred prior to dosing and while
portions were removed for dose administration, and Stability because the time between dose preparation and administration was
Kept to a minimum (approximately 1 hour).
Study Director:
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-
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_
Covance 22900-0-4540ECD
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Company Sanitized. DOS
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Testing Facility Management:
pp4 2 LL "ATsismooctihayteE\Directloorr, MA
Genetic and Molecular Toxicology
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Date
Report Reviewed and Accepted for E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Co.by:
Gerald Kennedy
Date
`Sponsor Study Monitor
=
Maria Donner, PhD
`Sponsor Technical Project Monitor
Date
Covance 22900-0-4540ECD
Company Saniized. Doss notcontain TSCA CBI