Document gbzL9GQ4eL6JrzzmR63JxODn3

T alc and P yrophyllite By Robert L. Virta PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT CAM-299 Domestic survey data and tables were prepared by Saymm L Eldridge ID, MatMlal assistant, and the world p n d n e ta table was prepared by Glam J. Wallace, international d iix w d in a to r. In 2004, production of talc increased to 857,000 metric tom (t) valued at $23.3 million from 840,0001valued at $22.7 million in 2003 (table 1). Domestic sales decreased to 838.0001valued at $74 million from 845,0001valued at $75.2 million in 2003. Exports increased to 202,0001in 2004 from 192.0001in 2003. Imports decreased to an estimated 226,000 t in 2004 from 237,0001in 2003. U.S. apparent consumption decreased to 881,0001in 2004 from 885,0001in 2003. World production of talc and pyrophyllite was 8.32 million metric tons (Mt). Production and sales of pyrophyllite increased in 2004 relative to 2003; data are concealed to avoid disclosing company proprietary date. The mineral talc is a hydrous magnesium silicate. A massive talcose rock is called steatite, and an impure massive variety is known as soapstone. Talc is used commercially because of its fragrance retention, luster, purity, softness, and whiteness. Other commercially important properties of tale are its chemical inertness, high-dielectric strength, high-thermal conductivity, low electrical conductivity, and oil and grease adsorption. The major markets for talc are ceramics, paint, paper, and plastics. Pyrophyllite is a hydrous aluminum silicate with a structure similar to talc. Such properties as chemical inertness, high dielectric strength, high melting point, and low electrical conductivity make it useful for ceramic and refractory applications. LegktetioB and G ovanm at P r^ ra iv In 2004, the U.S. Department of Defense authorized the disposal of 9001of block and lump talc and 9881of ground talc, which was the entire uncommitted inventory, from the National Defense Stockpile. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services issued a call for public comments on the possible inclusion of cosmetic and occupational talc in the 12th edition of the, "Report on Carcinogens." The National Toxicology Program panel was considering talc for study because some epidemiological studies suggested that there was an increased risk of ovarian cancer with certain cosmetic talc uses and an increased risk of cancer among workers exposed to talc under an occupational setting (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004). A study by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) determined that geologic setting is a good indicator as to whether or not amphibole asbestos may be present in a talc deposit. Talc deposits, formed when siliceous hydrothermal fluids altered dolostone, generally did not contain amphiboles or their content was negligible. Talc deposits formed by contact or regional metamorphism consistently contained amphiboles, many of which could be asbestifonn. This relation between mode of formation and amphibole content is useful as a screening tool when evaluating talc deposits for their potential to contain asbestos minerals (Van Gosen and others, 2004). Production Talc.--Domestic production data were obtained through a voluntary survey of U.S. mining companies conducted by the USGS. Survey forms were sent to 10 companies that mined talc. Responses were received from eight companies. Data for nonrespondents were estimated from reported prioryear data adjusted according to employment and consuming industry trends as well as data obtained from associated milling operations. Responses accounted for approximately 60% of the production date presented in table 1. In 2004, 8 companies operating 10 mines in 6 States mined soapstone, steatite, and talc. All were open pit mining operations. The producers, in decreasing order of production, were Luzenac America Inc., Wold Talc Co., Barrett's Minerals Inc. (a subsidiary of Minerals Technologies Inc.), Gouvemeur Talc Co., Milwhite Inc., Suzorite Mineral Products Inc. (a subsidiary ofZemex Corp.), CalTalc Co., and Steatite of Southern Oregon. New World Stone Co., Nelson County, VA, and Standard Industrials Minerals Inc., Inyo County, CA, did not mine in 2004 but worked from stockpiles. The four leading domestic producers collectively accounted for more than 75% of the U.S. tonnage mined. In 2004, U.S. mine production increased to 857,0001valued at $23.3 million compared with 840,0001valued at $22.7 million in 2003 (tables 1,2). Production increased in California, Montana, New York, and Texas. Montana led all States in the tonnage and value of tele produced, followed by Texas, Vermont, New York, California, and Oregon. Mines operating in Montana, New York, Texas, and Vermont accounted for nearly all domestic talc production. Luzenac America consolidated production of its personal care talc products at its Houston, TX, milling operation following closure of its West Windsor, VT, mill. Investments made by Luzenac will enable the Houston plant to mill talc for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications (Industrial Minerals, 2004b). Pyrophyllite.--Domestic production data were acquired through a voluntary USGS survey of the three U.S, companies that mined pyrophyllite. Two companies responded to the survey; the remaining data were estimated from reported prioryear data adjusted according to employment and consuming industry trends. Data are concealed to avoid disclosing company proprietary data. Piedmont Minerals Co. Inc. and Standard Mineral Co. Inc. operated three mines in North Carolina. Standard Industrial Minerals Inc. operated one mine in California, Production of pyrophyllite increased slightly from that of 2003. TALC AND PYROPHYLLITE--2004 75.1 Consumption Domestic consumption data for talc and pyiophyllite were developed by the USGS from a voluntary survey ofU.S. mills. Survey forms were sent to 11 companies operating 13 mills in 6 States for talc and 3 companies operating 3 mills in 2 States for pyiophyllite. Ten respondents accounted for 70% of the talc data presented in table 3. The remaining data were estimated from reported prior-year data adjusted according to employment and consuming industry trends. One pyrophyllite producer responded. Talc,--Producers reported that 838,0001of talc valued at $74 million was sold, used, or exported in 2004, a decrease from 845.0001valued at $75.2 million in 2003 (table 1). Domestic sales by U.S. producers decreased to 688,0001in 2004 from 718.0001in 2003. Talc was sold domestically for ceramics (sanitaryware and tiles), paint, other (unspecified) applications, paper, roofing, plastics, rubber, and cosmetics, in decreasing order of consumption (table 3). Loss of sales for cosmetics applications accounted for a significant portion of the overall decline in domestic sales in 2004 with smaller losses in paint and plastic markets. Sales of talc to manufacturers of paint, roofing, and tile generally are tied to the housing industry. Construction starts for new privately owned housing increased to 1.96 million units in 2004 from 1.85 million units in 2003 (U.S. Census Bureau, 20G51). Shipments of architectural paint (the major paint market for talc) increased to 3.13 billion liters (826 million gallons) from 2.93 billion liters (773 million gallons) in 2003 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2005). Ceramic tile is a major market for talc, and U.S. producers must sell their talc into a market that competes with imported ceramic tile. The U.S. International Trade Commission reported that imports of ceramic tile under Harmonized Tariff Schedule codes 6907,10.00,6908.10,10, 6908.10.20, and 6908.10.50 increased to 29.2 million square meters valued at $198 million in 2004 from 26.8 million square meters valued at $180 million in 2003 (U.S. International Trade Commission, 2005). Most of the 226,0001 of imported tele listed in table 6 was not included in the domestic end-use data listed in table 3. An estimated end-use breakdown of sales of imports in 2004 based on data on countries of origin, ports of entry, regional end use patterns, and current domestic markets is plastics, 90,000 t; cosmetics, 42,0001; paint, 36,0001; unknown, 27,0001; ceramics and refractory products, 17,0001; paper, 10,0001; and rubber, 4,0001. Pyrophyllite.--In 2004, domestic consumption of pyrophyllite increased slightly from that of 2003; data are concealed to avoid disclosing company proprietary data. Pyrophyllite was used in refractory products, ceramics, paint, unspecified applications, insecticides, and rubber in decreasing order of consumption, Markets remained relatively unchanged in 2004. Ceramic and refractory uses accounted for more than 70% of domestic pyrophyllite sales. -References that include a section mark () are found in the Internet References Cited section. Prices The unit value of crude talc was estimated to be $27 per metric ton. Most of the talc sold in the United States was sold only after crushing and grinding. Following sorting to remove waste, primary crushing, and screening, the unit value of the umnilled talc probably would be in the range of $50 to $60 per ton at the mill. The average reported unit value of processed talc was $88 per ton, a slight decrease from $89 per ton in 2003. The average unit values of crude and processed pyrophyllite were essentially unchanged from those of 2003. The average free alongside ship unit value for exports of unmilled talc was $207 per ton, a decrease from $310 per ton in 2003. The large unit values in 2003 and 2004 probably reflect the inclusion of some small shipments of finished products, such as body powders or sculpting-grade talc, whose values exceeded $1,000 per ton, as well as milled talc products under this export code. The unit value for milled tele exports was $196 per ton in 2004, a decrease from $206 per ton in 2003. The unit value of all exports was $196 per ton in 2004 compared with $204 per ton in 2003. The average customs unit value for imports was $128 per ton for unground tele, a decline from $134 per ton in 2003. The average customs value for ground talc was estimated to be $294 per ton compared with $198 per ton in 2003. The differences in unit values between 2003 and 2004 reflects the inclusion of several low-tonnage, high-value shipments that exceeded $2,000 per ton (probably representing packaged talc products) and the slightly greater values at most ground talc imports. The average customs value was $874 per ton for cut or sawed talc. The unit value for all talc imports was $259 per ton in 2004 compared with. $225 per ton in 2003. Prices for talc ranged from $92 to $440 per ton (table 4). Prices for pyrophyllite from the Republic of Korea, free on board port, were $59 to $65 per ton for fiber glass and refractory manufacturing, $27 to $44 per ton for ceramic grade, and $110 to $115 per ton for filler grade. The price for filler grades from Australia was $342 per ton (Industrial Minerals, 2004c). Quoted prices should be used only as a guideline because actual prices depend on the terms of the contract between seller and buyer. Prices for talc used in some applications increased in 2004, Luzenac America announced that increased costs of production at its Houston mill and the increased cost of importing Chinese talc were contributing factors in the decision to increase the price of tele for personal care products (Industrial Minerals, 2004b). Zcmcx Industrial Minerals Inc. announced that it would increase prices on its talc products because of increased eneigy, labor, and raw materials costs (Industrial Minerals, 2G04d). Foreign Tbade Tale exports increased in tonnage to 202,0001valued at $39.6 million in 2004, Canada, with 102,0001, was the leading importer of talc from the United States; followed by Mexico, 16,7001; China, 10,3001; Belgium, 9,3801; and Japan, 6,950 t (table 5). Much of the talc exported to Mexico was shipped to U.S. affiliates operating across the Mexican border and was 75.2 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK--2004 not reported by the U.S. Census Bureau. Total talc exported to Mexico in 2004 including shipments to U.S. affiliates exceeded 50,0001 Talc imports reported by the U.S. Census Bureau decreased in tonnage to 226,0001valued at $58.4 million in 2004. China was the leading source for imported talc (123,0001), followed by Canada (84,2001) (table 6). About 203,0001of the talc imported into the United States was crude or milled. A little more than 106,0001entered the United States through the customs district of New Orleans, LA. Nearly all was imported from China. The next leading customs district was Detroit, MI, with imports of 45,1001(nearly all from Canada). These two port districts accounted for 67% of the tonnage of U.S. talc imports in 2004. World Redew World production o f talc and pyrophyllite was estimated to be 8.32 mt in 2004, unchanged from that of 2003. China was the world's leading producer of talc, followed by the United States, India, Brazil (crude), and France (crude). The Republic of Korea was the leading producer of pyrophyllite, followed by Japan and Brazil. Brazil, China, France, India, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the United States produced 84% of the world's talc and pyrophyllite (table 7). Japan.--Luzenac Group finalized its acquisition of additional shares in Nihon Mistron Co. Ltd., Suzuka City, Japan. Luzenac increased its share of Nihon to 60% from 20%, thereby giving it management control of the tele processing operation. Luzenac jointly owns the Nihon plant with Toyota Tsusho Corp. and Sobue Group. The plant processes 30,000 to 40,000 metric tons per year (t/yr) of talc each year from Luzenac's Three Springs mine in Australia. The processed talc is sold to the paint, paper, and polymer industries. Japan is Luzenac's largest Asian market (Industrial Minerals, 2004b; Mining Engineering, 2004). Major markets for talc in Japan are paper and plastics. These markets use more than 80% of the 500,000 t/yr of talc used in Japan. Most of the talc is supplied through imports, as domestic production is 50,000 t/yr. The polymer industry offers the greatest potential for growth in Japan as automobile manufacturers plan to increase the use of plastic components. Markets for talc in paper have declined in recent years in Japan. This decline paralleled the decrease in paper production associated with a downturn in the Japanese economy in the mid 1990s. Talc imports from China for paper applications declined to less than 450,0001in 2003 from 600,0001in 1995 (Industrial Minerals, 2004a), Outlook Based on current trends, U.S. mining and sales of talc are expected to remain relatively steady for the next few years. Talc imports increased dramatically between 1985 and 2000 but have leveled off in the past few years. China was the major source for the increasing talc imports in the 1990s. However, the repeal of an 8% tax rebate on talc exports by the Chinese Government and increased freight rates for Chinese vessels probably will have a moderating effect on these imports (Industrial Minerals, 2004b). With the continuing construction boom for residential and commercial buildings, sales o f talc for such construction-related applications as adhesives, ceramics, joint compounds, paint, and roofing applications will probably remain steady. The quantity of talc used in plastics will probably increase as the volume of plastics used in consumer products increases. If die value of the U.S. dollar continues to decline relative to other currencies, export markets may improve slightly. No major changes are anticipated in the pyrophyllite markets in the near future. References Cited Industrial Minerals, 2004s, Japanese talc goes full throttle: Industrial Minerals, no. 436, January, p. 22-24. Industrial Minerals, 2004b, Luzenac increases profile in Japan: Industrial Minerals, no. 436, January, p. 14. Industrial Minerals, 2004c, Prices: Industrial Minerals, no. 447, December, p. 72-73. Industrial Minerals, 2004d, Zemsx to push prices for new year: Industrial Minerals, no. 447, December, p. 18. Mining Engineering, 2004, Luzenac increases its stake in the Japanese talc market: Mining Engineering, v. 56, no. 4, April, p. 10, U.S. Census Bureau, 2005, Paint, varnish, and lacquer--Fourth quarter 2004: U.S. Census Bureau MQ325F(04)-4, April, 3 p. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2004, National Toxicology Program: Federal Register, v. 69, no. 205, October 25, p. 62276-62279. Van Goscn, B.S., Lowers, H.A., Suticy, S.J., and Gent, C.A., 2004, Using the geologic setting of talc deposits as m indicator of amphibole asbestos content: Environmental Geology, v. 45, no. 7, May, p. 920-939. Internet References Cited U.S. Census Bureau, 2005, New privately owned housing units started, accessed April 12,2005, at URL http://www.CHi3us.gav/consl/elartsiai.pdf. U.S, International Trade Commission, 2005, Interactive tariff and trade dataweb, accessed April 20,2005, via URL http://dataweb.usits.gov. GENERAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION U.S. Geological Survey M lia d iw Greene, R.C., 1995, Talc resources of the conterminous United States. Open-File Report OF 95-586. Talc. Ch. in United States Mineral Resources, Professional Paper 820,1973. Talc and Pyrophyllite. Ch. in Mineral Commodity Summaries, annual. U.S. Talc--Baby Powder and Much More. Fact Sheet FS-06500,2000. O tkf Ceramic Industry. Engineering and Mining Journal. Mining Engineering. Paint and Coatings Industry. Talc and Pyrophyllite. Ch. in Mineral Facts and Problems, U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 675,1985. The Talc Industry--An Overview. U.S. Bureau of Mines Information Circular 9220, 1989. TALC AND PYROPHYLLITE--2004 75.3 TABLE 1 SALIENT TALC AND PYROPHYLLITE STATISTICS1 (Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars) 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 United States: Mins production, crude: Quantity: Talc 851 863 828 840- 857 Pyrerphyllite WWWWW Value: Talc 22,300 19,500 22,200 22,700 r 23,300 Pyrophyllite WWWWW Sold by producers, crude and processed: Quantity: Talc 821 784 764r 845 r 838 Pyrophyllite WWWWW Value: Talc 96,100 84,800 75,0001 75,200 r 74,000 Pyrophyllite WW W WW Exports, talc;2 Quantity 154 137 166 192 202 Value 32,800 28,800 35,700 39,100 39,600 Imports for consumption: Quantity 270 180 232 237 226 Value 42,500 35,800 52,700 53,500 58,400 Apparent consumption3 967 906 894 885 r 881 World, production 8,730 r 9,060 ' 7,810 r 8,320 r 8,320 e `Estimated. "Revised. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data. sData are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown. ^Excludes powders--talcum (in package), face, and compact. 3Production plus imports minus exports plus adjustments in Government and industry stock. Does not include pyrophyllite. TABLE 2 CRUDE TALC PRODUCED IN THE UNITED STATES, BY STATE1 (Thousand metric tons and thousand dollars) 2003' 2004 State Quantity Value Quantity Valu Texas WW WW Other2 Total 840 22,700 840 22,700 857 23,300 857 23,300 "Revised. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data. 'Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown. 2Includss Montana, New York, Oregon, Texas, and Vermont 75.4 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK-- 2004 TABLE 3 END USES FOR GROUND TALC1 (Thousand metric tons) 2003 2004 Ceramics 219r 223 Cosmetics 17 5 Insecticides -- Paint 137r 131 Paper 115 110 Plastics 31 30 Refractories -- Rooting 41 40 Rubber IS 21 Other2 139' 129 Total 718 r 6S8 'Revised. - Zero. `Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown, 2Includes art sculpture, asphalt filler, auto body filler, construction caulks, flooring, joint compounds, and other uses not specified. TABLE 4 PRICES OF TALC (Dollars per metric ion) New York: Paint: 200 mesh 400 mesh Ceramic: 200 mesh 325 mesh Indian, cosmetic-grade Chinese, normal (cx-storc): UK 200 naesh UK 350 mesh Price 126 210 92 115 190-195 391-43 403-440 Source: Industrial Minerais, December 2004. TALC AND PYROPIIYLLITE-- 2004 75.5 TABLES U.S. EXPORTS OF TALC1'2 (Thousand metric tons and tooosand dollars) 2003 2004 Country Belgium Quantity 10 Value3 Quantity 2,840 9 Value3 1,930 Canada4 72 14,400 102 14,000 Germany 7 1,310 4 1,120 Japan 5 1,260 7 1,510 Mexico 24 2,720 17 2,750 Singapore 4 1,220 5 1,460 Other5 70 15,400 58 16,800 Total 192 39,100 202 39,600 `Data are rounded to no mure than tores significant digits; may not acid to totals shown. Excludes powders--talcum (in package), face, and compact. ^ rs e alongside ship. 4Profeably includes shipments in transit through Canadian ports, d elu d e s 62 countries in 2003 and 60 countries in 2004. Source: U.S. Census Bureau. TABLE 6 U.S. IMPORTS FOR CONSUMPTION OF TALC, BY COUNTRY1 Not crushed or powdered Crushed or powdered Cut and sawed Quantity Value Quantity Value Quantity Value Country (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tons) (thousands) (metric tars) (thousands) 2003: Brazil 3 $5 130 $27 268 $235 Canada 5 14 66,900 17,500 13,400 10,300 China 100,000 13,400 11,900 1,750 1,900 1,780 Francs - - 894 1,820 3,020 3,290 Japan - - 3,550 864 35 41 Other2 Total 36 100,000 57 13,400 34,300 118,000 1,440 23,400 521 19,200 1,020 16,700 2004: Brazil 28 11 68 14 755 764 Canada 8 7 66,700 18,400 17,500 13,600 China 119,000 15,500 1,440 447 2,030 1,900 France - - 1,120 1,100 1,460 1,650 Japan - -- 5,670 830 55 89 Other2Total -Zero, 6,070 126,000 528 16,000 2,400 77,400 1,990 22,700 687 22,500 1,610 19,700 *Data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to totals shown, "faschidt 22 countries in 2003 and 21 countries in 2004. Total unmanufactured Quantity Value (metric tons) (thousands) 401 80,400 114,000 3,920 3,590 34,900 237,000 $267 27,800 16,900 5,110 905 2,520 53,500 847 84,200 123,000 2,580 5,730 9,160 226,000 789 32,000 17,900 2,750 919 4,130 58,400 Source: U.S. Census Bureau. 75.6 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK-- 2004 TABLE 7 TALC AND PYROFHYLLITE: WORLD PRODUCTION, BY COUNTRY ND PRODUCT1'2 (Metrie tons) Argentina: Country3 Pyrophyllite Steatite' Talc Australia:4 Pyrophyllite Talc Austria, soapstone and talc, crude8 Bhutan, tele' Brazil: Pyrophyllite, crude Talc: Crude Marketable product6 Canada, pyrophyllite, soapstone, tele Chile, talc China, unspecified' Colombia, pyrophyllite, soapstone, talc' Egypt, pyrophyllite, soapstone, steatite, talc' France, laic, erode' Germany, steatite and talc, marketable" Hungary, talc' India:' Pyrophyllite Steatite Iran, talc1"'7 Italy, steatite and talc' Japan: Pyrophyllite Talc Korea, North, unspecified' Korea, Republic of: Pyrophyllite Talc Macedonia, talc Mexico, talc Morocco Nepal, talc* Norway, soapstone, steatite, tele' Pakistan, pyrophyllite Paraguay, pyrophyllite, soapstone, talc' Peru: Pyrophyllite' Talc Portugal, talc' Romania, tele Russia, talc' Slovakia, talc South Africa: Pyrophyllite Talc Spain, steatite and talc' Sweden, soapstone and talc See footnotes at end of table. 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004' 3,877 300 6,730 2,155 r 300 1,665 f 1,770 r 300 1,643 r 1,894 1 300 1,759 1 1,900 300 1,800 1,727 178,545 130,000 3 3,700 1,500 ' 173,446 140,000 3,800 868 173,741 135,000 3,900 1,000 ' 174,000 ' 135,000 3,900 1,000 173,000 135,000 3,900 150,000 189,500 200,000 200,000 ' 200,000 300,000 7,049 86,000 2,421 3,500,000 15,000 40,000 350,000 8,000 500 397,0! r 6,300 90,000 4,177 3,500,000 15,000 40,000 350,000 10,000 500 348,000 r 5,617 90,000 ' 3,537 2,500,000 r 15,000 40,000 350,000 10,000 500 365,000 1 5,593 1 90,000 ' 4,374 1 3,000,000 1 15,000 40,000 350,000 10,000 500 370,000 5,600 90,000 4,400 3,000,000 15,000 40,000 350,000 10,000 500 85,000 545,000 r 25,000 140,000 86,000 546,000 r 25,000 140,000 85,000 550,000 r 25,000 140,000 86,000 r 552,000 r 25,000 140,000 86,000 550,000 30,000 140,000 692,998 50,000 120,000 623,097 45,000 120,000 600,000 5 40,000 110,000 600,000 s 40,000 ' 110,000 550,000 35,000 110,000 917,973 11,344 562 r 20,569 12,522 5,852 27,090 54,365 200 1,101,825 47,712 557 r 77,650 27,246 3,923 27,000 55,000 ' 200 889,961 37,863 550 r 111,621 r 39,612 2,621 28,000 57,500 200 912,285 1 47,911 1 550 1 114,870 1 1,959 1 2,500 ' 28,000 55,000 ' 200 910,000 48,000 600 115,000 2,000 2,400 28,000 55,000 200 8,000 9,668 8,200 7,850 109,000 1,800 8,000 11,165 8,200 7,270 100,000 2,600 8,000 10,685 8,200 7,292 100,000 2,290 12,296 r-; 10,791 1 8,200 10,082 1 100,000 1,000 1 12,300 10,000 8,000 10,000 100,000 1,500 11,989 5,600 100,000 20,000 ' 14,386 3,218 100,000 15,000 15,587 2,511 100,000 15,000 13,968 4,472 100,000 15,000 28,481 3 12,065 5 100,000 14,000 TALC AND PYROFHYLLITE--2004 75.7 TABLE 7--Continued TALC AND PYROPHYLLITE: WORLD PRODUCTION, BY COUNTRY AND PRODUCT1'2 (Metric tons) Country* 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004" Taiwan, talc - 130 27 466 r 411 s Thailand; PyrophyUite 46,011 59,602 103,496 73,556 r 74,000 Talc Turkey 7,390 54,278 6,838 883 1,702 98 8,501 r __ 8,500 - Uganda, soapstone - - 500' 1,000 9,000 United Kingdom, jyrophylliie, soapstone, talc" 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 5,000 United States; PyrophyUite wwwww Talc 851,000 363,000 828,000 840,000 r 857,000 5 Uruguay, pyrephyllite, soapstone, talc 2,903 1,694 1,700' 1,700 r-! 1,700 Zimbabwe, talc 989 1,273 911 196 r _ _ 5 Grand total 8,730,000 ' 9,060,0001 7,810,000 * 8,320,000 r 8,320,000 O f which: PyrophyUite 1,970,000 2,140,000 1,960,000 1,960,000 r 1,920,000 Steatite 545,000 1 546,0001 550,000 r 552,000 r 550,000 Talc 1,950,000 r 2,140,0001 2,070,Of r 2,120,000 r 2,150,000 Unspecified 4/260,000 4,230,000 3,230,000 r 3,690,000 r 3,700,000 "Estimated. "Revised. W Withheld to avoid disclosing company proprietary data.; not included in "Total." --Zero. 'World totals, U.S. data, and estimated data are rounded to no more than three significant digits; may not add to total shown. 'Table includes data available through April 19,2005. addition to the countries listed, Nigeria may produce talc, but information is inadequate to estimate output. ''Data based on Australian fiscal year ending June 30 o f year stated. ^Reported figure. `'Direct sales and/or beneficiated {marketable product). TDate based on Iranian fiscal year beginning March 21 o f year stated. Data based on Nepalese fiscal year beginning mid-July of year stated. 75.S U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MINERALS YEARBOOK-- 2004