Document gErbeQz4X2r5bE6vd3qdgnOV

/Iffc' -'SYV:! . AA.'lMALS ANIMAL !>ATA EXPOSURE Authors Species Sex No. ttrs/day Jays Cone. Total dose ppm non-dr-vs Observations TnrVelson Oyon Roue (1901) continued (2c) Hats M54 M52 M51 M 5 0.5 " H54 K5 2 M5 1 N 5 0.5 (3) Rats M 24 7 F . 24 7 C. Pigs K 12 7 F ' 12 Rabbits n 1 7 7 ?37 Dogs M1 7 p17 Matched controls, exposed and unexposed groups. 5d/vk fox 6.5 . months as above 4 200 200 200 200 100 100 100 100 4,600 2,300 1,150 575 2, 300 1,150 575 265 130 exposure in 1S9 days f.lver/body/ weight ratio larger than controls, not statistically cant. " 11 " " .. .. .. . i. Liver/body weight ratio same as controls l.iver/body weight ratio higher than concrol9, cant. " " " Normal In all respects i* <V M H '* " " not statistically s 1;'H 1 ', All parameters normal In all species. ' V>i Lester Sherman NO 2 0-2 1 50,000 0-4, U0 Moderate intoxication, fighting reflex lost. Greenberg rats ND 2 0-2 1 60,000 0-5,000 More incense Intoxication, righting reflex present Adame (1) NO 2 0-2 1 70,000 0-5.P3-3 More intense Intoxication, righting reflex lost. (1363) HD 2 0-2 1 100,000 0-8.330 Corneal reflex d'ini>>jetifS, nu gross pathology. NO 1 5 min. 1 150,000 552 Deep anesthesia. . 62 nln. 1 4,:)!!{) Jvcr.p 1 ratnry failure of same animal. , mi 1 2 1 150,000 12,500 Deep anesthesia, complete recovery aftitr exposure. W No pathology observed'. ; see -0516 1. .thars EXPOSURE Hrs. per Cone. Species Sex Ko, Day Days PPa Total Dose ppre-Pflys a;uhai. kata Observations Lescot Greenberg At .-37.13 (15 Si) Cone ' t) (2) Shursan rots 2 then 13 100.000 Variable 60.000 Sana exposures as above. I'.fier Animal deacJis, replacements were made in chambers. Tvo males survived oil 15 expo sures. Remaining animals and replacements survived an average of uijht exposures One died after two expocutes at 100,000 and twelve at 80,000. One died after two exposures at 100,000 and twelve at 90,000. Six/nine survived all fifteen exposures. Fatholofty X * Siffe m. K/> U M 98 F 9S 0 0 (3) Sherman M roes F 15 8 . 15 8 5days/20,000 week 20,000 for 3 mouths 434,000 434,000 M 15 8 F ` 15 8 Same Same 0 0 0 0 Control enir.nlo Control animals Growth stepped during exposures and resumed at normal rati? after exposures. Lhtornul appearance normal. Liver color,, ai'innraiu'e, consiutcncy, degree of congestion wa* same as controls. 1/30 died. external appearance of all animals normal. Liver larger, spleen smaller chan controls. ; VCiits bloc.d cells lower, lymphocytes higher, neutrophils lower than controls. . Cody weight and hemoglobin were same.as controls. Control .iniwal.s. . 4/30 died. Lungs had focal pncuaoisla which-,"; healed af ter'two weeks of rocov-J,u` ery from-exposure. ou"thlrd ofAjJj ' animals had-parasite cysts in V*gjj liver. Liver pathology sine os--*ii controls,' but more variation in^. amount of-fatty, inflltraiiott. , Spleen hnd advanced lyn;l-.ocy- tic hyperplasia. -.-`ri/j. Kidney pathology same #b con- . :jjr Hjl'S'v TO' 'llfi Kit. trnls. . ; . t , All organs hod normal gross ap pearance. v.;-... Llvor parasitic, cysts In all animals. Liver fat- normal, No abnoraul 'histology. Congest Ion ' II ,and swelling grearcc in liver . v than controls' , '%> Congestion and' swelllng less irt*i| kidney chori; controls. Conges- 'jft tlon and swelling same In spleen ascontrols. I'': M- see -0 5 1 7 IP see 3-0518 > as i: . Srj 3R -SJ .rii *aVo- &o ao, -woU ^4oJ om u<<uj **->> H*> *J *J oA. cii ato. -<ri <Wri B3 OC X> C<O-4 OP ?<!; g Cj a & o v. o a o si a. w O* 0>., *41 .44) n X X OO -S*P-) .T4 o ns li 4 D 1 .4 o u C C >s it a a ou - <- e. > uo *a o e -a v. --ban. W*44 O* IC. O * 91 If* 3 S u ri -H t4 o u ci ; a Z ri < X ooo oo o OOOfl <-<in>a *H sr O O ri cm O Oo OOQ f--l I--l I--< <1-0 0 AO ACn*4t Cv r-- PV C ti) 60 ril u *4 N O > rii-- |4 (y oy H CO pj u > 1} U G Si ^ 3 -S O -*- v! ri V. Cl C <1 O O -l X -a c P .3 XP *MO ri Xvi sues --HO* e --i II > U M VGi O Cril -y> oo a c X M -a O 1-4 C *3 -m X o st 0 <; u u PPp 3 w <j u -a a a <j u o qa . a -h c h 3a S XI ri u oa < oa. xri o - s> ri >i X C6 X ECT V. -H *<o >Jl,in' -LH< j>;4 *<S1 ri* Vv* H V Ml O O N 8CkT) iJ Cl P tJ u KN. C o 6 B rt ri o- < << *- I Vri o O P e uo >4 a t> <o a Vi p pa a .* p Vi o -a e *4 a a >. G X X J C -ri O 4 ri j o > o a u f-< ri ts D Oc Uo xj --e* es -- M cr >. a VI X *4 e c c. a cv O CM a l r~i --I O ;* il H Vi e L91 sXi o Oc r4t canqv is * S -ri 0e xa, jul ri CX V O v 41 v 3 ;-- >.<*< TaB aVi -XI -C< 01 --< VI Vi eOa-i Uu4 uu a a B< U b e a. Vl u u. <1 -C I -H X U) S e ih x 4xri -Xh xrt CJ o n see 3-0519 . '* V ... ' T-r.1. .r ?.*>{- ii M. thorn < -i Species Sex. EXPOSURE Hra per No, fav:;_:__ Days Cone. op. ANIMAL DATA Total Dose ppro-DaVS Observations Patholopv y.'Cjupp Rets ND i'Woiihg : : 'Abstract te'.' - jjlViola Wistcr ^.'-fjjfi970a) IUtu , \z$m; . ' fM-viv.?: &.:*;?`>(l$70b) : Rate Wlster.' 300 " : . ym. .Viola i' iBlijotti ..f-lCiputo b : :.(1971)` ' Rata K Ulster . M JM. r ..) nd ;-t '25 ;4' 25 `> .) * -VIk;-. 90 1 26 4 ' 5day/vk 25 1 -5day/vk Sub cutaneous MD Urine contains allylmercapturic acid and 3-hydroxyptopyirjercapturlc acid. These compounds arise.1 by the reactions of allyl cory>oiui(1s with glutathionau. 260 30,000 (Sdayo per wk for 12 months) 10,000 260 260 30,000 *1 ; ;0 '1,300x10'* ; ' 417. r 1300x10^ Animals slightly sleepy during exposure. Crons behavior deteriorated after 10 months. 13/50 died of cardio-resplratory complications. 2/50 died of bleeding In the peritoneal cavity. No mention of skin tumors. Distribution of VC in tissue: Red cells had much move VC then scrumhigh variation VC is in urine, but major quantity is lost via lungs.5(VC) falls rapidly in first hour in expired air, blood, urine, and brain, liver kidney. After 3 hrs. no VC is measurable.' Most animals had pathological involve ment of brain, liver, kidney, thyroid. Severe proliferation of cortilege and bone abnormalities in ccvill metatar sal bones. Severe tissue degenera tion in brain and liver and thyroid. Connective tissue Invaded snail ar teries in feet. Enlarged, prolifera ting Kupfer cells in liver. None observed. Controls shoved no turora. Almost i'll exptl. animals developed ckln and lung tumors. Very few bone tuxorc; when seen they vere in all 4 extre mities. 652-702 of tumors vere skin tumors near parotid and submaxillary glands. Frequencies: SKIN LUNGS BONE 26/26 16/26 16/26 Lung tumors vere glandular. New cartilage nnd subsequent ossifica tion in 4 extrecetles. Hard mass first seen after 10 months exposure. see 0520 U I f i i!f: i1#- i;-.l ... Authors Soecles So* No, Basalaev Rabbles ND ND Vaxlrt Rats ND ND Kochetkov (1*172) Abstract EXPOSURS Hre. per Dnv HD 6 tr.os. ND (130 to 180 days) Cone. 12-16 At! I MAI. DATA Total Dose ocm-Dcvs .ND Observations Changes In electrical octlvlty of hypotha." anus Hyperad retia 11 nestle. Cardie-vascular function Impaired. Dune resorption and osteoporosis. Theory: All symptoms are caused by hypothalamus disfunction and subsequent hormone Irabulance. ' Patholocv i I i U see -0521 see 3-0522 ui'T - sp rin * f\ 10,000 b,000 11667 7000 30/36 (?) 30/32 \1 (subcutaneous (suheutaneous a n g io s a rc o m a ) o n tlo s a rc o n a ) see I 3-0523 Baretta, E.D.; R*D. Stewart,, and J. E.\* Muichler. ....Monitoring JEbcpb-' suros to Vinyl Chloride Vapor:~ Breath Analysis and CoritiniiousAir. Sampling., American' Industrial-Hygiene Association Journal, Volume 3tb pp. 537-544. Basalaev, A. V., A, N.Vazin .-and A.'G.;i Kochetkov, /-Pathogenesis of . . . - : Changes Developing Due to -Long-term -Exposure -to. the .Effect .of/Vinyl v . i/: Chloride. GIG TR Prof Zabol 16 (2) : .'"24-27. 1972."^ '' ; V'-''.':'" Clapp, J.J., C.M. Kaye, and L. Young. . Metabolism of Alkyl Com pounds in the Rat. Biochem... Journal. 114 (1), pp. 6-7. 1969. ... : Dinman, B.D., ,W. A. , Cook, W.M. Whitehouse, H. J. Magnuson, ' and ' T. Ditcheck. Occupational; Acroosteolysis: -I. An -Epidemiological Study. * Archives of Environmental Health, Volume . 22, pp/'61-73, January, " 1971.- v - Dodson, V. N., B.D. Dinman, ,-W. M. Whitehouse, A. N. M./Hasr,. and -H. J. Magnuson. Occupational Acroosteolysis: HI. A Clinical Study. s Archives of Environmental Health, Volume 22, pp. 83-91, January 1971. - Gabor, S., M. Lecca-Radu, and I. Manta. Certain Biochemical Indexes of the Blood in Workers Exposed to Toxic Substances (Benzene, Chloroben zene, Vinyl Chloride). Prom. Toksikol. i Klinika Prof. Zabolevanii Khim. Etiol. Sb. 221-223. 1962. Gabor, S., M. Radu, N, Preda, S. Abrudean,~L. Ivanof, Z. Anea, and C. Valaezkay. Inst. Hyg. Cluj., Romania. Bucharest 13 (5), 409--ill. 1364. Grigorescu, I. and G. Tova. Vinyl Chloride; Industrial Toxicological As pects. Rev. Chim. 17(8): 499-501. 1966. Harris, D.K. and W.G.F. Adams. Acroosteolysis Occurring in Men En gaged in the Polymerization of Vinyl Chloride. Brit. Med. Journal, 5567, pp. 712-714. Ulus. 1967. ' ;/ Kramer, C.G., and J.E. Mutchler; The Correlation of Clinical and En vironmental Measurements for Workers Exposed to Vinyl Chloride. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Volume 33(1): 19-30. 1971. Kudryavtseva, O.F. Characteristics of Electrocardiographic Changes in Patients with Vinyl Chloride Poisoning. GIG TR Prof Zabol 14(8);54-55. Kusbler, K. The Physiological Prooerties of Aerosol Propellants. Aero sol Age 3(4), 44,47-40, 50, 90-91. 1964. Lange, C.E., S. Juhe, G. Stein, and G. Veltman. Uber die Sogenannte Vinylchloricl-Krankheit. Dtsch. med. Wcchr. 93, pp. 2034-2037, (Ger man.) 1973. SCC 60 3-0524 iv *-*^W*.W--* * "*> 'w*^ W^ilU<L,4 " A V .4.fc.^W4**h^ . 4rf*4^V ,y* >/4i4gXC and Repeated Exposures of Humans and Rats to Vinyl Chloride. Amer ican Industrial HygJfene Association Journal, pp. 265-275, May-June, 1963. Maltoni, C. Preliminary Report on th Carcinogenicity Bio-assays - of Vinyl Chloride. Presented- at : OSHA Vinyl Chloride Fact. Finding . .VV'V Hearing, February 15, 1974. f Markowitz, S. S., C. J.\ McDonald, W. Fethiere and M.S. Kerzner. Occupational Acroosteolysis, Arch Dermatol 106 (2):219-223.. 1S72. Marsteller, H, J. Chronic Toxic'Liver . Damage in Workers Engaged ih,...^-: .: PVC Production. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschift 98 2311-2314.W 1973. . .. R.Cm Mastromatteo, E., M.D., A.M. Fisher, H. Christie, and H, Danziger. Acute Inhalation Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride to Laboratory Ani mals. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Volume 21,. No. 5, October, 1960. Meyerson, L. B. and G.C. Meier. Cutaneous Lesions in Acroosteoly sis. Arch Dermatol 10G{2):224-227. 1972. Torkelson, T.R. . F. Oyen, and V.K. Rowe. The Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride as Determined by Repeated Exposure cf Laboratory Animals. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, Volume 22, No. 5, pp. 354-361. 1SS1. Vazin, A.N. and E. I. Plokhova. Creation of an Experimental Model of "toxic angioneurosis*1 Developing from the Chronic Action of Vinyl Chloride Vapors on an Organism. GIGTRProf Zabol 12{7):47-49. 1968a. Vazin, A. N., E.I. Plokhova. Pathogenic Effect of Chronic Exposure to Vinyl Chloride on Rabbits. Farmakol Toksikol, 31(3):369-372. 1968b, Vazin, A.N., and E.I. Plokhova. Dynamic Changes in Epinephrine-' like Substances in Rabbit Blood Following Chronic Exposures to Vinyl -Chloride fumes. GIG TK Prof Zabol 13(6):4G-47. 1969a. Vazin, A.N. , E.I. Plokhova. Changes in the Cardiac Activity of Rats, Chronically Exposed to Vinyl Chloride Vapors. Farmakol Toksikol, 32(2): 220-222. l969b. Viola, P.L. Pathology of Vinyl Chloride. Medicina del Lavoro, Vol ume 61, No. 3 March, 1970. Translated from the Italian. 1970a. Viola, P.L. The Vinyl Chloride Discas ner, 1970. (unpublished trar.slatio. ) Sum- Vioia, P.L., A. BigotU, and A. Canute, Skin, Lungs, and Bonos to Vinvl Criioriciu pp. 516-522. Oncogenic Response of Rat Cancer Research, Volume 31, 61 see 3-0525 VonOettingeh,` Fj rr The fHhlogenated Aliphatic, 'Olefinic; Cyclic, Aromatic md. Aliphatic-aromatic Hydrocarbons-including the Halogenated InsecticidesTheir To>ricity and Potential Dangers, Public Health Service Publication Ho.. 114, 13. S. Department of Xiealth,..Edu cation, and Welfare,. Washington, D. C.i-1955. Wilson, R. H,, . W. E. : McCormick,' C. F. Tatum, and ;J.L. :.Creech.y- Occupational Acroosteolysis, Report of 31 vCas'es.v-The'JoufE^ltoX th.eil.. American Medical Association, Volume 201. No. 8,%.pp. 577-58H.;1967,.-..- \ 6 see o 0526 This discussion on disposal of PVC emphasizes incineration and....... landfilling, the only .presently used large-scale methods1 for the disposal ` ' of solid wastes. There is also a limited discussion of resource recovery possibilities. . . -. ; ' --v1. Incineration -' -v-*--;-. . The two areas of concern related to PVC incineration are incinerator air pollution and incinerator and gas. scrubber corrosion. . ; Hydrogen chloride is the major..jtoxic material released wheniPVC is ' burned. It has been shown that virtually all of the chlorine-is_released-... .. from PVC on combustion, resulting in HCi. Jit is estimated that 0.2 per-'' -cent of solid waste is PVC, and 16 x .10^ .ton's per year of solid y/aste are ... incinerated in the IJnited States. ' Thus, on the order of 32, 000-tons of-- ` PVC are burned annually, releasing approximately 13,500 tons per.year of J HC1 as air emissions. Other solid waste sources which can produce HC1 are chlorides in food waste, plants, grass clippings, and inorganic salts. The formation of compounds requires volatilization and reaction with incinerator flue gases. Achinger and Baker compiled data indicating an emission factor of six pounds of IiCl per ton of solid waste burned. Recent data on HC-1 emissions obtained by Battelle show a factor of "5.1 .pounds per toil, A value of five to ski pounds per ton would be a reasonable emission factor to use for HC1 emissions from municipal incinerators. Using an emission factor of 5.5 pounds per ton gives 44, 000 tons per year of f).Cl produced by incineration of municipal solid waste. The amount of HC1 produced from PVC using the above calculation is 42 percent of the total. Much more HC1 is probably now emitted to the atmosphere from the nation's coal-burning power plants than from our municipal incinerators. However, there still could be a hazard in the immediate-vicinity of an incinerator as a direct result of its rICl emissions. Of particular concern is the possible dispersal of the stack gases to cause the ambient concen trations of KC1 at ground level to exceed harmful concentrations. How ever, HC1 is not at the present time regulated by EPA. Other air pollutants could be formed from the additives in PVC dur ing incineration. Several additives are usually incorporated into the poly mer to emphasize particular properties not inherent in the base polymer. The types of additives are antioxidants, ` antistatics, colorants, fillers, plasticizers, and stabilizers. Some of the additive agents used are: anti oxidants--phenols, amines, phosphates, and sulfur compounds; antistatics --amine derivatives, quaternary ammonium salts, phosphate esters, 63 see 3-0527 copper and .inorganic augments;. fillers--silica, glass, calcium, carbonate, metallic oxides, cnrfeoaf cellulose fillers, asbestos; plasticizers --phthal- ` ates, organic phosphates; stabilizers--lead' salts, of. acids, ..barium., cad-., niium, calcium, zinc, alkyl tin compounds, . i: i It is highly unlikely that large quantities of VC will be emitted .during ; ,,- incineration of PVC. There is no evidence that PVC will'chemically.rev.ert i :"7 = to VC. Some small amounts of entrapped monomer might conceivably "BTf'". survive incineration,- but these quantities would, be very low. - -.- ' The second area of concern with incineration of .PVC is firebox c6rrp-- .`'.Vi sion and corrosion of pollution control equipment. HCT'cgn be a major - . factor relatedto corrosion of this equipment during incineration at certain-' temperatures. In the case of plastics, PVCis the major .source, of chlorine ` v - . leading to HC1, but other plastics may also contain some - chlorine. V--' - Incinerators with heat exchangers will havecorrosion problems on. the fire side of the exchange equipment when the combustion gases contact the outer / metal surface. Ocher surfaces of concern are in the cooling area and-in the. . gas scrubbers. ; Estimates indicate that in incinerators with heat-recovery systems PVC in the refuse will increase tube maintenance costs by 15 to 20 perpercent over that to be expected if PVC-free refuse was used as fuel. About S5 percent of the incinerators in this country have some type of air pollution control equipment that is exposed to the high chloride envi ronment resulting from refuse combustion. Because of the high chlorine content of the combustion products, the coding and precipitating water from the scrubbers that contacts the flue gas contains large quantities of chloride and is extremely corrosive to the structure. In summary, technology exists for controlling the I-IC1 emissions that result from incineration of solid waste; however, the application of this technology will resultin increased costs. If technology is not applied, then the .contribution of PVC -to -the nation's' air pollution.problem will increase because of the projected increases in the usage and disposal. HC1 scrubbing technology is available, but its application results in corro sion problems. Depending on construction materials, design, and opera tion, these problems can be either large or small. Landfilling PVC does net decompose significantly within the normal time frame of most other municipal solid w?.stes. It comprises only about 0.2 percent of the total municipal solid waste being landfilled today, and the effect of PVC on the reuse of `the landfill site, at least in the -short run, should be negligi ble. SCC 3-0528 Since PV(^degrades very slowly, in the landfill environment, it'Should not acid significantly to the production of leachate; or decomposition gases as do otlier parts of the refuse- The additives of. greatest concern'are probably the plasticizers. Howev^, if a sanitary landfill is .designed :&nd operated with today's .technology, disposal of PVC products in a sanitary . landfill .should pose no special problems to the operation.or.,toithe.ultimate^, use of the site. ' -Tv`' Resource Recovery Recycling of solid waste is a growing industry. Technology/has-..'been developed to recover some resources from many of -the item's ' iri'i'the ' municipal waste stream. . However, the technology to separate plastics or PVC from the v/aste stream has not yet been commercially demonstrated;:^' The solution to the.separation of plastic v/aste from other components of the municipal waste stream is one deterrent to direct-recycling and reuse of plastics, including PVC. However,- gathering and centralizing the waste: products are also major problems. ~:\ - . Some types of scrap PVC from the fabrication process are presently being recycled back into the manufacturing process. This reduces the solid waste from plastic fabrication plants and reduces the need for new raw materials. There is work-underway to develop means for utilizing . the benefits oi recycling tine total municipal waste stream. Examples Qf these recycling technique's are listed below: . -- To recover heat given off during the incineration of solid waste containing PVC and other combustible materials as electricity or steam for heating. An example is EPA's research contract with the Combustion Power Company of Menlo Park, California, in which combustion gases are expanded through a turbine to produce power. . -- To recover the products of a refuse pyrolysis operation either as a pipeline gas or as feed material for a nearby refinery.' An example is EPA!s research grant with West Virginia University in which refuse pyrolysis is being studied on a bench-scale. A second example is the Bureau of Mine's research effort to convert refuse to pipeline gas. Also, US and Japanese industrial firms are actively.exploring this area. The recent change in the world1 s supply of crude oil should speed up research and development on new and existing ways to utilize more fully the resource of waste PVC. see 3-0529 65 REFERENCES 1. E,A. Boettfeex*, G.L. Bell, B. Weiss, "'Combustion Products" from the Incin.3 vclio;: o'i Fla tties, "Report No, EjLjA-o7Q/ 2-73-04G, July - i 073. .2 'Compilation of Air j.-'oilutioff Emission Factors, ' 2nd Edition, - Publication No. AP-42, EPA. April'.'1973,:; / `.A , . /./. . 3. W; C. 'Achinger and R. L. Baker, "Enylrohmeritai AssessmentbDMuni-'; ' cipal-Scale Incinerators," Report No.SW-111, . EPA, 1973. -.. vlfif-. 4. G/L. Huffman, "The Envirormiental Aspects o'f:Plastic's WastejiTreatr;-.';' merit; V Symposium on the Disposal, and - .'Utilization of /..Plastics/ . -New . ; Paltz, New York, June 25, 1973. ' 1 - 5. "Threshold Limit Values, n American Conference of Governmental and Industrial Hygienists, 1972. .................. 6. Fessler, R./H. Leib, H. Spahn, "Corrosion in Refuse Incineration.-..' Plants, " Mitt. `Ver. Grosekesaelbets, 48 126 - 140, April 1973. ' 7. Vaughan, D. A., and P. D. Miller, "A Study of Corrosion in Municipal Incinerators," Cincinnati, Research Grant, April 1873. 8. Miller, P.D. et al, "Corrosion Studies in Municipal Incinerators," SHWRL, - NERC, Report S\V 72-3-3. . ' 9. - Ba\un, B. and C. H. Parker/ "Incinerator Corrosion in the Presence of Polyvinyl Chloride and Other Acid-Releasing Constituents," report . by BcBeli and Richardson, Inc. (Ho date) 10. George L. Huffman and Daniel J, Keller, "The Plastics Issue, " SHWRL NERC, Cincinnati, OhioAugust 28, 1972. 11. "Incinerator Gas Sampling at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania," EPA Con tract No. 68-02-0230, Office of Air Programs, September 1973, 66 SCC 3-0530 : Activities of task force The principal activities undertaken or stimulated by the Task Forc.e;..-are set forth below MARCH - Recognition of problem of pesticidal sprays containing^J/C-r--: Responsibility assigned to Office of Pesticide Programs'!. MARCH - Analysis of material losses during PVC polymerization pro-..-, cess ..... . .... MARCH 19-21 - Pilot monitoring effort at B. F. Goodrich Plant in Louisville ' MARCH - Preliminary evaluation of health effects data ,. APRIL 2 - Meeting'with representatives of PVC manufacturers -organ-'::; ized by Manufacturing Chemists'Association.. . . . APRIL 4 - Meeting with representatives of interested . environmental groups APRIL - Development of interim methodology for VC sampling and analysis APRIL/MAY - Visits to VC manufacturing facilities and to PVC polymeri zation, compounding, and fabrication facilities APRIL 12 - First of series of interagency meetings convened by SPA .APRIL/MAY Monitoring at seven complexes involving 10 PVC and 2 VC plants APRIL/MAY Review of health effects data APRIL 30 Review of Industrial Biotest toxicological experiments. MAY 27-31 Preliminary VC water persistence studies MAY Preliminary VC air persistence studies MAY/JUNE Recognition of air emissions problem -- Responsibility assigned to Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards JUNE 3 Technical review of monitoring activities JUNE 11 - Acininistrator1 s meeting with senior executives of 29 com panies producing PVC and VC JULY Dc.'VfJ.cornent of improved methodology for VC sampling and