Document g2zeRMN57gQmVjBbMYY9NEMEe

PCH's In Lake Michigan k. a?2. ~V-> V \ ]t has been established that Lake Michigan is unique in that it contains much higher concentrations of egricul tural pesticides than the other Great Lakes due, in part, Lo the large useage in the watershed in comparison to the flushing period for the lake and to the relatively low biomass density. Previous studios have shown that the fish frost Lake Michigan approached the FDA action levels for dieldrin in 1 %9 and that a major fraction exceeded the action levels for DDT (Reinerl, 1970). More recent'cfata (lieinert, 1972) frost carefully designed monitoring (neinert, 1971) indicates that the average DDT concentration in Lake Michigan fish remained essentially the same between 1957 to 1970 and suggested that the levels have begun to decrease. Although not realized in the early analyses by Reinert, other work (Veith, 1 970) has shown that th-e concentration of PCD' s (similar to . Aroclor 1254) were greeter than 15 ug/gm in large fish collected from Lake Michigan in 1969. Thus, it is apparently in Lake Michigan rather Ilian the other Great Lakes that the potentially hazardous and persistent chemicals from our industrialized technology are most concentrated. It follows, tlior, that consideration most be given to the effect these chemicals have on the biological comauni ties "sustained by Lake .Michigan end the possibility of stemming or even reversing the trend of increasing levels of organochioririe compounds in the Lake Michigan system. Despite the comparatively high levels of DDT, dieldrin and PCLi's in Lake Michigan, there is no direct evidence tint the chemicals a,re endangering the aquatic live in the lake. The concentration of each of Die chemicals appears to be below 10 ng/1 in the pelagic waters and 'loss than 100 ng/1 in the nearshore W3ters, all of ; /hieh aro below tlu "no effect" level for the respective chemicals for ;cost aquatic organisms. However, the lack of direct evidence of damage may simply reflect the difficulty iri adequately measuring such effects in this environment. : There is considerable indirect evidence which suggests that the buildup of orgauochlcM'ine compounds may be a threat to "'the future of the biological resources of the lake, it is beyond the scope of this introduction to review the literature concerning the pesticides and I'CD's, and the reader is referred .to existing comprehensive reviews (Z.itko and Choi, 1571; Hill, 1972; Quinby, 1 972; Task force, 1 972). In laboratory experiments Crustacea exposed to varying levels of Aroclor O') 125-1 in the water concentrate the PCD within their bodies more than 2D,000 limes. The tissue residues may sometimes reach an equilibrium and in rw amor US f TSCV:! t;ai_s_ PGM did not concentrate beyond. 27.000 times despi to 1an a ?'! iLionel 5-v. auk exposure to 1.6 ug/1 Arocl or G'), {Saunders i 1971). equilibrium after Int'f 1 c.ou il1l!, tr ast, i'C3 exposure . re sidu.es in crayfish 257- concentration did not factors reach by (wo estuarine fish r\l' Lae on fort rf t:n do_s and I oioslomms zjntlvirus, was similar to (ha i o' user 0 :'u above ro r crustaceans about 10,000 to 50.000 Limes the exposure levels in water (Hansen, et nl. , 1971). _ ___ DSW 027780 STLCOPCB4011742 t K' ' 11 is important to note tint th3so accumulations occurred at water concen trations of PC3 that hilled the fish in 13 to -15 days. Also similar were tire accumulation ratios of 26,000 to 56,000 for bluegills (Lcoomis mac roc biros) chronically exposed to 2-15 ucj/1 of ArociofcCO 1243, and I254.t fathead minnows (Pi.-nophal e> promolas) chroni cally exposed to AroclordO 124? end 1254 for 8 ninths' concentrated PCB's 100,000 and 200,000 tines the exposure levels, respectively. Residues ' of 6i) ug/1 (whole lody) resulted from exposure for 8 months to 0.3 ug/1 AroclorOO >2*54. These experiments with hluegills also indicated that the maximum levels of PCB were generally related to the concentration of PC3 in the water (50,000 - 200,000 times higher) to which they were exposed (Stalling and Huekins, unpublished data. 1971). Effects on Reproduction PCB residues in salmon eggs are apparently related to mortality of eggs. Jn preliminary investigations in Sweden, Jensen, Johansson, and 01sson (1970) reported that when residues in groups of eggs ranged from 0.0 to 1.9 ug/1 on a whole weight basis (7.7 to 34 ug/g on a fat basis), related mortalities ranged from 16 percent up to 100 percent. As indicated in Table I, Aroclor 1248 was the most toxic of the eight aroclors tested to Daphnia magna in static tests, with a 3-weeh LCbO of 25 ug/1iter. Aroclor 1254 was most toxic under continuous-flow conditions with a 3-wee!: LC59 of 1.3 ug/1 iter. The .Aroclors were more toxic under continuous-flow than static conditions, with 16 percent impairment of reproduction caused by 1.0 ug/1iter Aroclor 1243. ' The calculated 96-hour LC6Q values for newly-hatched fathead minnows were 7.7 ug/1 for Aroclor 1254 and 16 ug/1 for 1242. Three- month-old fatheads had a S6-hour LC50 of ca. 300 ug/1 for 1242. Reproduction occurred at and below 1.8 ug/1 1254 and at and helov/ 6.4 ug/1 1242. Polychlorinated biphenyls were acutely toxic but exhibited much greater chronic toxicity at very low levels, due to their cumulative nature. Newly hatched young were the most sensitive life stage. Young fathead growth was also affected above 2.2 ug/1 1248 and non? survived above 5.1 ug/1 after 30 days. Young flogfish, Jordanella floridae, did not survive above 5.1 ug/1 1248 and did not grow well above 2.2 ug/1. ` The ninety-six hour LC50 values for Aroclor 1242 and 1243 with (li* pseudo! imnaeus were 73 and 29 ug/1 iter. Survival after 30 days was 53 percent, at 8.7 ug/1 1242 and 52 percent at 5.1 ug/1 1243. Good reproduction and survival of young occurred at 2.0 ug/1 1242 and 2.2 ug/1 1 240. '. ` Abundant adult ^mergence of the midge Tany tarsus dissimiJMijL d id not occur a hove 6 ug/1 12x8 or 3.6 ug/1 1234. The calculated 3-wool; I.C 60 (60 percent reduction based on control as 100 percent) for Aroclor 1254 was 0.65 ug/1 for larvae and .45 ug/1 for pupae. iy * v. a * /- Tr'i ,* . ji 1 DSM 02778L ' STLCOPCB4011743  Application factors of 0.10 for 1242 and 0.15 for 1240 worn calculated for flip PCB1 s and Gamsiarus. Application factors of 0.2 for 1204 and 0.10 for 124 2 were calculated for fathead minnows using newly hatched fish to obtain the 96-hour 1.C50. . SJhc second generation fry from adults previously exposed to the PCB mixtures v:ere exposed to the respective mixtures for 30 days after hatching. Preliminary data analyses indicated that 3 ug/1 of AroclorOO 1243 caused no mortality but a 20 percent reduction in the weight of the fry. Similarly, AroclorOO 1200 caused no mortality when the fry ` were exposed to 2.1 ug/1; however, the weight of the fry was reduced by 33 percent. The residue data from the trout exposed for 27 weeks indicate that approximately 0.55 ug/1 of Aroclor(D) 1254 will result in 5 ug/grn of the PCD mixture in the fish (whole fish basis). The concentration in the fillet of fish exposed to 0.84 ug/1 Aroclor(R) 1254 was 1 ug/gm. The lipid content of the fillet portion of the trout was less than two percent. Die!ery exposure to PCB seems to bo less of a direct hazard to fish than exposure in water. Coho salmon "(Oncorphynciuts ki_s_utcji) fed AroclorOO 1 254 in varying amounts up to 14,500 ug/kg bodyTx'Tght per day accumulated whole body residues which were only 0.9 to O.s" of the level in the food after 240 days of dietary exposure. Growth rates were not affected. However, all fish exposed to the highest Irea tine nt died after 240 clays exposure; and thyroid activity was stimulated in all except the group treated at the lowest concentration (lichrle and Grant, unpublished data, 1971). . The massive trout and salmon stocking program in Lake Michigan lias produced an unparalleled sport fishery and provides a valuable protein source for human food as well as animal feeds. Essential to the establishnent and maintenance of this fishery is the successful reproduction of the adult fish. However, lieinert (1 970) has previously pointed out that DOT and dieldrin levels in eggs are similar to those which inhibited reproduction in the studies of Burdick et ol_. (1 964 ) and klncek (1 958). In addition, Jensen e_t a_l_. (1 970) have shown that 15 up/gm of PCB's (lipid basis) in salmon eggs produced 50 percent mortaility and complete mortality can be expected when the eggs contain 25 ug/gm BCD's (lipid basis'). All of these data concerning the effects of organochlorins compounds on reproduction were obtained individually, and little is known of possible combined effects when the tissue contains mixtures of the toxicants. Even though the continued-stocking of fish may maintain a food resource in spite of possible adverse effects of the residues on reproduction in Lake Michigan fish, many fish contain body burdens which r.ukc the fish unfit as a food resource for humans. The U.S. Tooc! and Drug Atlmipi stratum has established a tolerance level of 5 ug/gm, 5 ug/gm and 0.3 ug/g a for DDT, BCD's and dieldrin, respectively, in food lo be sold for Inman consuiotitin. Since the lake supports a sizeable commercial fishery in addition to the sport fishery, Die presence of those che.meals below the "no effect" level in water may still endanger these industries due to the large partition DSW 027782 STLCOPCB4011744 coefficient for 1ipid/water systems. Indeed, numerous catches of commercial' f ish being ehigpad Lo markets have been seized, and tons of large salmon have born withdrawn frorn state give-away programs in Michigan because the DDT and I'CB residues exceeded the 5 ug/gm concentration. Concern has also arisen with respect to the impact the organochlorino compoutVis in tht? Lake Michigan biota (principally fish) is having on other animals which use this food supply. Most notably is the effect of lake Michigan fish cm mink reproduction in the North Central states. Before DD1 and dieldrin levels in these fist) were well docu mented, Hartsough (1 965) indicated that take Michigan fish were . suspected as the factor leading to poor mink reproduction. Aulerich e_t al. (19/0) clearly demonstrated the fish had h-e?n the cause of the repro- due live failure. Aulerich and Rinber (1 970) found that DDT and DDD . did not have significant adverse effects on mink. Furthermore, dieldrin v/as lethal at 2.5 ug/gm in the food for extended periods but did not appear to effect reproduction at twice this level during the gestation period. Aulerich ct^ al_. (1971) concluded. that coho salmon per se did not cause reproduction problems but that the disorder is associated with other species of fish and "appears to be dependent upon the species of fish and its environment." Finally, after the earlier reports that PCR's were present in Lake Michigan fish, Ringer et a 1. (1972) demonstrated that 10 ug/gm of Aroclor 1254 in coho salmon " ' produced 71 percent mortality in mink and that a mixture of 10 ug/gin . I'CB's and 0.5 ug/gm dieldrin in coho feed produced 100 percent mortality. No kits were born alive when the diet contained 5 ug/gn - or greater Aroclor 1254 alone. This evidence clearly indicates that the biological resources of Lake .Michigan may seriously endanger other species even though the levels of toxicants ere not sufficiently .great to produce a dramatic, effect within the aquatic communities. Fqually important is the coincidence of high levels of chlorinated liydrocarbon in herring gull and other bird populations with reproductive failures and subsequent population dec!ine. Ratcliffe (1970) and Anderson (1970) have clearly shown, that major changes in eggshell thickness have occurred since 19-15 and that the phenomenon may be a major factor in the decline, if not extinction, of manyspecies of birds. In general , egg shell thinning of 10 to 15 percent (relative to prc-1340 eggs) may produce an effect in the population, 15 to 20 percent is associated with readily observable egg breakage, and 50 percent thinning lias been associated with virtually total reproductive failure (Risebrough et. al_. , 1 970: Keith ejtaj_. , 1 970). . Anderson (19/0) found the Great Lakes Herring Gulls contained the highest chlorinated hydrocarbon levels in eggs ever reported for that species, lie also found that tin? Lake Michigan gull, which declined dramotically in the early 1950's- but recovered in the: late 1 960's, bad egg shall thinning which varied from nine percent in 1953-1956 to IB percent in 1965. However, since 1965, the degree of thinning V DSW 027783 STLCOPCB4011745 has decreased to eight percent, in If.'09. In comparison, pulls on Lal;o Huron and Lake Superior have exhibited thinning of seven and eight percent, respectively, and these from the east coast have remained essentially unchanged from earlier eggs. Anderson, (1970) also showed that double-crested cormorants from Wisconsyi-n had 20 percent thinner eggs and produced eggs with the highest ODE concentrations of this species from interior Perth America. Golden eagles which primarily feed on mammals do not show as dramatic egg shell thinning as do the bald Eagles which feed on fish. Despite the lack of detailed data in the literature, it is not unreasonable to suggest tint the disappearance of Bald Eagles from the shores of Lake Michigan may also be linked by correlation to the chlorinated hydrocarbons in the food resources of the lake. The Lake Michigan system is also uniepue in that tire use of the major persistent chemicals have beer, curtailed in the watershed by a variety of actions. Although it is likely the use of the chlorinated pesticides in agriculture was diminishing in the lote 1960's, the Lake Michigan Enforcement Conference recommended regulatory actions on many uses in 1 963. This recommendation led to restrictions on DDT in Illinois, Michigan and Wisconsin, including the sale of. this compound. A more detailed summary is presented by Lueschow (1972). . The realization that tho widespread use of PCB's has resulted in the widespread occurrence of these potentially hazardous chemicals in the environment moved Monsanto Company, the sole producer of PCB's in the United States, to restrict the sales ov PCB's in 1970 end by April, 1971, only "close system" uses were able to purchase PCB's from Monsanto. However, there is no data to confirm the fact that PCB useages are significantly reduced. i As previously discussed, the FDA has placed a 5 ug/nu action level 'on PCB's in food for human consumption. Moreover, on March IB, 1972, this restriction was extended to food packaging materials. On May 2, 1972, the Environmental Protection Agency announced that all discharges to the aquatic environment involving PCB's will be restricted to the lowest possible level and that the desired limit will be 0.01 ug/1 PCB's. These restrictions were re-enforced by the rec.omr.endation of the joint task force headed by the Council on Environmental Quality and the Office of Science and Technology (Task Force, 1972) which called for all current uses of PCB's, except capacitors and transformers, to be discontinued. . In summary, the use of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the agriculture and industry in the Lake Michigan watershed over the last few decades has resulted in the contamination of this valuable, mesotrophic body of water. Indirect evidence exists tbit these chemicals are loving subtle detrimental effects on the species near the to? of the food chain, and some of Hie food resources love hecn deemed unfit for human consumption. However,' the Lake Michigan watershed has al so realized unparalleled legislative action regarding the use of these hazardous, persistent chemicals in the last two years. The following sections DSW 027764 STLCOPCB4011746 L 6- of tiiis report simmri20 the activities of the States in the Lake -Michigan watershed concerning I'CB's and the results of its activities. . Table 3, Tlie Comparative Toxicity of tight Aroclors0 (in iicj/liltr) lo Oaphnin i -igna in Lake Superior Water as [5elerr,lined ' . ' in Static Test Conditions Arcelor Tlirce Keck LC60 1221 ' * 1232 . 1242 124S ` . 12M 12 60 \ . 1262 ` 126 8 ' 180 72 67 25. 31 36 'M 253 44 Confidence Limi Is1' Reproductive Irmirsi?nt Confidence Com idonee 5014 Limits 16X Limits 1 158-205 , jG2.G-D2.8 125 . 66 - . -116-135 ' 60-72.G 89 . 53 55.4-81 ' . 03 21.4-29.2 j ' 24 56.3-70.5 . _ 21.2-27.1 ; 48 16 26.8-37.2 i . 28 . - .T 23.1-33.9 18 27.7-46.8 ' 33 27.5-39.G i 22' 37-49.9 41 ' 33-53.3 24 222-283 ' ' _ 206 ' 185-228 1G2 85.6-92.C 50.5-55.7 45.2-50.9 . 13.0-TC.4 14.5-22.3 17.7-27.3 17.6-32.6 146-179 ?Tolyc hlorina led biphenyls: /.roclor 1221-1263.. Monsanto Chemical Company, St. Louis, I'o. ^liincly-f i ve percent confidence limits. ' ^ s * . ... . . " H t ' * '' t< . * -i ! ' i ! . .1 .1 . 1 * ; . !,-..i * .. . , . . . * * ` . . .. ` ............................... ' .............................................. < *. ....................................... " ............................... . -...........-...... .................... . ......... ......... DSW 027785 STLCOPCB4011747 Programs l^ndorwny II1 irioi s Water samples v/cro collected routinely at four locations in 1971 e.nd 1 972. Two sewage treatment plants and two tributary sources were sampled during this period. - The locations sampled were the Maukegan River, Pcftibono Creek, .North Share Sanitary District plants at Vfaukegan and North Chicago. During 1971, thirty-seven sediment samples were collected at tributary streams, rapines, and offshore (within two miles) lake bed stations. Composite samples from fish were also analyzed during 1971 and 1972. ljKlj:.u]_a * In 19137, the State of Indiana initiated a water quality monitoring program. The ori-ginal sampling network included two stations on Lake Michigan. ' At the present time, there are 10 sampling stations located on tributaries to Lake Michigan. In addition, five water treatment plant intakes on Lake liichignn are sampled as peart of the program. This program provides data that are used to measure general characteristics of Indiana waters in the Lake Michigan Basin at important locations and to record trends in water quality. The following table indicates the location and frequency of the routine sampling for PCCs: Station ' Type of Sample Frequency Lake Michigan-Ihirv'.'.oncf 11.II. Lake Michigan-'..'hiting H.VJ. Lake Michigan-East Chicago U.W. Lake Hichiqan-Gary W.'J. Lake Hichigan-.'iich. City W.W. Ind. Harbor Canal -Dickey Rd. Grant Calumet River-1 r.tlpl s. Bl vd. Grant Calumet River-lfennedy- Ave. Burns Ditch-BD-1 Burns Ditch-Portage Boat Yard Burns I) i tch-Chrismnn Rd. Tra il Creek-Tronkl in St. . St. Joseph Uiver-Auten Rd.- Elkhart iliver-at mouth . grab grab grab grab grab grab g ra b grab grab grab grab grab grab grab monthly monthly monthly monthly monthly .. monthly quartorly ' quarterly moil thl y quarterl y quarterly mon thl y monthl y quar to rly In addition to the regular water quality monitoring program, samples of the effluent froai all municipal sewage -treatment plants in the hasin will be collected two limes during 1 973. l.Mion possible these samples will be composited over a 21-hour period. SW <*7786 STLCOPCB4011748 0- - This proq^'o.u will be expanded to include the collection of samples from various industrial outfalls and runoffs from landfalls. for thomost part, these samples will be collected durincj comprehensive 24-hour surveys.of point discharges which arc routinely conducted in the Lake Michigan lias in. . . V Michigan . ' ' . '' Michigan instituted 3 monitoring program for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCIJ's) eor\y in 1971. The initial program coiisi sted of a state-wide water sampling survey for determination of concentration in inland Waters and tributaries to the ureal Lakes. Supplementary sampling has since been conducted on stream sediments, municipal raw water intakes, groundwater drinking supplies, sanitary landfill runoffs, municipal wastewater treatment pi ants, industrial discharges, and fish from both inland and Great Lakes waters. Sampling is being continued on a periodic, basis for establishment of trends. Wisconsin The Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources is surveying the waste effluents'of some 55 communities in the Lake Michigan Basin. Those municipalities showing significant levels'of toxic materials will be investigated to determine the source. U.S. Bureau Snort fisheries ft Wildlife ' Great Lakes fishery Laboratory program of analysis for I'CB's in Lake Michigan fish will continue with selected .species of fish from two areas of Lake Michigan in 1973-74 according to the following schedule: Years of Time of Col lection Size ' Con tinuou s Col 1ection Species Site Number of Fish Range Ana 1ysis Spring fall fall fall Chubs Lake Trout Chubs Co ho Saugatuck Sauga Luck Saugatuck Ludington 200 ,, 240-200 mm 30 500-CG0 nni 200 24 0-280 mm 30 500-BOO mm 2 3 5 G DSW 027787 STLCOPCB4011749 l'i <*f c * .* I'1* t C 1 J} t I rn f f ill rr:it I luf.-i .U.'.JO f. r i * c. I-*'* c * 'Hom11 or 1 nf. " -< V'flCrt Qu>111y /.r-fsciont Irorrios c thr Cst-.it 1 jVn - Sarebcin >-M.f lilclilpjn . | r<f'i n i of enMysl.i for pa]y~- ( hlor J n.it cd b f '!. :v' i , M'T i.nd dliJdrln 1m Lake HleMfao 1 1i.1i. S Toxic Subs-tencc* Cm: A u_l n j i loa l i oprna: . l.'rt.il l. C* IMh.llMCS ^' 6. I>I>T onrf dleldrln ^ ' Haw a |iof*?rn for pollution dc t r c 11 ::i, Ini r-.i."c, .n.d l;V-H Mici.ilt inftArvd end ul 11 .iv.'clc l lo detect ivJluUo Arid physical pt Off*SC%, J'ror.r.i:s 5 rkj-l'jfc: W.mrr Motion, l.'Mcr ( Nm e ct cri s t lei, Mtr-.olo^y, LaV- V.ydrolof.y, and l..V_nc,loj'y Sy&trus. . Under the A.nvdrer.ou*; PJvh Hvoprara . jrr.r.v.rh is <?l:eclrd tcvnrd the CAuse M die-off. r.rre-nrth -0 Include ml limit 1c-i 1 raJtls (a describe |>ol lutrmi In the Crt .il l.aktt. rro'rOllo;! of all Aspects of Cite! l-al:.-* icr.e.irc'.i e.r.d dlwcn.lr.M Ion of ir.ioiT.,-1 Jon. jlip 5ci (tvru !'rf>|:r,'n In ti-.e Ctrul l.,*I;cs area (lake .Michigan) )'rn l It Mr-Scdlnenl lut lijic t Ion M Ci t rn J' y * A^i'fOur. fnv* rone.cn! a) Chcnistry of 7-lnc Irt l.ol.c M/rhij.an J'rtMelth' levels of Flic's Vintcilnn on I.akc MicMrati VptnV.e on^ At cu:ul a'.. 1 on of ]'<)) l*l .i n 11 by L.tkr '! 1 c hif,.iti }'lh ' rtoTi Affecting h:icry 1'ivAtfon In l.ak r lift M f.an A O-vi thii> i vt Stvdy of the Vatri (.vaiity cf Mlu.iiVev Harbor Mtd Adjacent l.nl.e l.'JchJp.io Jmvry And Analysis of flllv.iub.ee Ihuhor -- l.al.c H/cMf.an l.xchange )-r> t c a FetUr.cnt i. * n Softer or fiiulc of Mtingrri ii Cri cm hay Inllctnce of Hrattd riMucnl on the 1*1 r.t r H*l-; ten ar.J /.I.urd.iMeo of I'ld.ri l.'r.ir (lit* `.vo Pivcri ond kevuun.'c l.'vclc-ar IV-er Rl.inii o*j tkl c Me 1.1f \r Lr.te Mchlj-.atx btuOlt* ti? vrA - i*.#* i c-s v AurytUlAncA r.nJ An.ilyl> Pivlslon CansdA Center for Inland Vater* I U.S. Horran of Sport Tlsherle* r.nd Kfldllfe, Great 1-cVet TlsSery Leboratory 4 Mkin: I, Illinois J. Indian* 3. lUehlfan i, Vfsconiln , . _ . * U.t. Coast Cuord La/.e Survey Cccter - h'OAA Uatlooal fCirloe Msliery. Service (:Cr-rS) U-5. Crclo^lee.l Scr\'ty * TnternAtlonal As&oclatloa !o r CreAt Lscrs research Unlveref.ty of VMicoo^lo D^vld Arr^tronjj, Water Chcoi (try, u\ms:i I C. Tred Jcr, V#ter Chenltitr)' VVXS.N _ ' Robert l:llar*on, Vildllfc Molo^y, Hark Kclsncoo, MocherJstry Alfred lieMoei, Center for Great lat;cs StudLca, C-friC Alfred Jiff ton, Center for Creat la.:.*.s Studies. VWfS'v # . iJavJd Cuicldn, Cet icr for Creot lakes Studies, - 1*. H. r.eeney. Soil Science, 1 V1SS John J, Kapiuson, ZoOlot)'# HWr.SS I'nlvecsItjr of llfcMf.ua X X 3. X ?. X 3. X x X X X X X` X X r X X x; s pX X 1 ftV c Cli hff.ja StuJIt n nt 1 An t loiol Joint Coin! r. o 1 on (U.S. Sect Ion) X Kd|tv J,, )9fl l.ftHi; ritl.fr.en 1 li.li railvu.il V l r c (fuillty 1-ftbc. ro t c*i y C. YeJth . X lo , (V. eJi|Mril|ll, ,..l.fll.er C0ni.flr.lt Ion to lKx. ^ ,, lPll, vs Li A C t1vi(1rs. )n 197J tonjlrir.l ? ,, Lll , oului e = plo>-1 ng **/v X - , f , to ACSf JS V Str ^Ual'l i /, yjn<tj;ir,3 till be tlvrn l:i ttilc Toxic Subttaiicts r.epori. Tol 1 ii t ion fu^-oy L-|ll i-cU.'p r ]C53 1,11c dlmlcl (lo.i I.uK'.l,, ;l,. t,, Si. lUCli, N. Y. Hror.rAn consists of dc'.i celleccJon Invent Ir.Ations end cttJfrs. Studies Include [or * a 111rolc^lcaI , poiholor.lc.al, *od pesticide icslduc^ VII) v:e S^Vs32 nit io to ('ncrltif pollution f.ad'clrculat loa j atterns H.1R ccaftrcncni coevally. . < . ' . '-. .. % rrployn A vefoel to the ilcftl V 1 i-l r J.l cat And ] !i) a 11 a 1 I'.ur.ftf r. Alto i-onluM a(t. Tt* i.ufplermt tJ*e Mr! 1 (vf f Cie.il l.'ilc4- S t u 11 e ti> 1 r - r l If'.*. |-rn pl.lhn l a l f I> fin! twlc t'f t n ) n i Jlnril e pn i t . ' 05 M 027788 STLCOPCB4011750 Ditto Summary - Lal;o Michigan, Open Waters and Sediments Illinois .. V ' Sediments (<l-3 miles offshore) 24 samples, 19/1 Aroclor (ppb) 1242 1254 Mean Range__ Mcjaji Range 23.7' (ilJ-TOO. 1) 14.7' (2.5-46.9) ' PCB (ppb). Water Intakes IS samples, 1 973 Mean 0.02 R`l!19iL (<.01 - 0.09) M_i_dnjjjtn_ . " ' ' ' ' IT.H concentrations in drinking water supplies from 45 intakes on the Great Lakes and connecting waters and an additional 20 on inland lakes and streams have generally been less than 0.01 ppb. Limited sampling of groundwater drinking supplies in southern Michigan has indicated that groundwater has not been significantly contaminated with PCB's. Water Intakes Da te Aroclor 1254 South Haven Holland Grand Rapids Muskegon Uidiny ton Traverse City Lscanaba Gladstone Menominee Hr idgeaian Bridgenan St. Joseph Denton Harbor South Haven Hoi 1 and Grand Rapids Muskegon l.udingten Northport Point Traverse City Lscana bn G1ad stone Menosii nee . ' ' V. . 3/9/71 ' 4/14/71 4/14/71 3/9/71 3/9/71 3/2/71 2/25/71 2/25/71 .3/23/71 .4/14/71 5/23/72 5/18/72 5/18/72 5/18/72 5/18/7 2 5/18/72 , 5/18/72 5/19/7 2 6/21/72 . 6/21/72 8/23/72 8/28/72 8/28/72 ' <0.01 0 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 n 0.177 <0.010 <0.010 <0.01 0 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 . <0.010 <0.01 0 <0.010 <0.01 0 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 <0.010 DSW 027789 STLCOPCB4011751 Data Summary - Lake Michigan Fish Illinois . Twenty-nine composite samples from five species of lake fish (yellow perch, chubs, carp, coho salmon, and alewives)were analyzed for PCB's in 1971, Concentrations in the composite samples ranged from 0.1 to 4.0 ppm with an average concentration of 2.1 ppm. The highest average concentrations of PCB's by sex and species were 0.4 pom for yellow perch males, 3.4 ppm for chub males, 2.3 ppm both carp males and females, 2.2 ppm for coho salmon males and 3.1 ppm for alowife males. The concen trations were below the'U.S. Food and Drug Administration's interim action level of 5 ppm. In 1972, fourteen' composite samples (69 individual fish) from two species of lake fish (yellow perch and chubs) were analyzed for PCB's. Concentrations in th-e composite samples ranged from 0.3 to 3.1 ppm with an average concentration of 1.7 ppm. The highest concentrations of PCB's were found in chub samples. Concentrations of 3.1 ppm wore found in samples of female chubs.. Samples of male chubs were similar with . maximum values reaching 2.8 ppm. These concentrations were also below tlu: FDA's interim action level. .. Michigan In 1972 Michigan developed a cooperative State-Federal study of contaminant levels 'in Great Lakes fish species including lake trout, salmon, whitefish, chubs, me nominee, yellov/ perch, alewife, carp, and suckers. Fish from Lakes Michigan, Huron, F.rie, and Superior are systematically being sampled on an annual basis to obtain information on areas where contami nants approach or exceed FDA guidelines for consumer protection. The project, developed by the State agencies in cooperation with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Uildlife Great Lake Laboratory, will establish patterns of residues of mercury, PCB's, DDT and dieldrin in Groat Lakes fish. The following table shows the concentrations of PCB's defected in fish from Lake Michigan during five first year of this study. PCB's in Salmonids (lake trout, steel head, coho salmon, and chineok salmon) and chuhs were shown to exceed the FDA guideline of S.O ppm while concentrations in other species did not exceed this guideline. V DSW 027790 STLCOPCB4011752 fish Cool'd ,X , ^ . 12'- - ` ' *' * ` \ t. . - Concentrations of polychlorinated Mphenyls (PC D's) found in fish sp:"cies talien fro:n Michigan waters of Lake Michigan dur i ng .19/2*. : Snories ' Alewife Carp f'CU's Iiv Districty*in ppm (sample size in p,arenthesis) 1213 iiivi iris r.MG * M'l7 I'ii'icl V T .7 (3) . ' ... . 2.3 0) . 2.7 (0) 2.7 (G) ' ' t # ' 3.9 (G) Chub . 3.2 (2) 8.5 (8) G.5-(9) Menominee ' ` O.B (1) 1.2 (2) J'erch . 0.5'(1) 0.4 (s) 0;5 (IT) Coho Saliuon ' ' n.2 (3) .Chinook ' 1 Salmon t ' -- 72.4 (10} - . Suckers O.G (f.) 0.7 (2) 1.5- (3) l.T (G) . -Stcelhcod Lake Trout : C.O (2) Tl.l (3) 6.4 (3) ' '~ 3.2 (2)' 5.7 (G) 9.2 (G) 1,'iiiief isli 0.0 (3) ' 0.8 (2) 1.1 0) Total f Fish Mean ' Sampled Concentre ! i er. 16 2.4 4 O.G C 3.9 4 2.0 19 7.0 + 4.2 3 1.1 17 0.4 0.4 3 11.2 10 12.4 i 5.0 17 1.0 4 0.7 2 G.O - 20 7.4 + 4.0 6 0.7 4 0.3 . * Hath from Michigan's Great Lakes Environmental Contaminant Survey, 1572. ** 201105 of Lake Michigan within Michigan Boundaries .; _ i i!i3 - northern lias in ' ' ' . . / . * MM4 - Grand Traverse Bay ' ' '. " '" !iM5 h KV.G - Central lias in . / ... . ' MM'/ U KMO - Southern Basin . .. .v v DSW 027791 STLCOPCB4011753 !ish Cont'd v U.S. RFS'/I Polyc hlorinal.cd Biphenyl . Approximately BCD of the fish collected from Lake Michigan were analyzed for PCD mixtures'res cm hiing that of Aroclor 1254. A generalized summary of these results is presented in the accompanying table in which the? range and average concentrations of PCD's (as Arcelor 1254) is reported for 13 species of fish. The mean concentrations ranged from 2.1 uy/gm Q. I ff^ in smelt to 15'ug/gm in Chinook salmon. The data show that the larger fish such as brown, lake and rainoow trout and Chinook and coiiu salmon contained PCB's at concentrations two to throe times the 8 ug/gm action level established by the PDA. The mean PCB concentrations in suckers, . smelt arid white-fish ware considerably less than 5 ug/gm and the mean concentrations in the alewifc, carp, chub and perch were approximately 5 uy/gm, ranging from A.7 to 5.9 ug/gm. As is expected, the larger fish with greater percentage fat contain greater concentrations of PCB's. # y z. >_ Bunnary of TCc Conccntrati ons in th& 1S?1 L?J;c I'.lchigan -f'ish r>rooico AlO'.lifD Punter of PJ.oh Analyr.oa . . 76 Dronn Trout : is Carp chub . - ,A2 229 . . Chinook Bnlnon 21 Coho Cnlnon .'55 JXko Trout 157 . 1'crch ` llainbow Trout lied Buokcr Sr.olt l.'hito .Sucker 1)8 . ' 16 '16 '1 . V ' 35 50 ' t'liit eficli >0 V Concent?aticn of PC3 ()>&./pn as Aroclor 125'r) ^a Jian.^o , >H 1r1 2.5 r 8.9 6.? - 12 _ _ A.7 8.8 1.? - H 3.A - 0.1 i 9.9 - 2A 3-6 - 1? 8,1 - 21 A.2 - 11 0.0 - 12 : 5.5 % ! 5.3 . 15 * " 12 . !A ' ' 5-9' ! 10 2.7 - 3.2 0.? - 3.2 ' 2.9 2.1 2.1 - 11 A,l. 1.5 " 6.1 3.5 iiv.llcntor. imnsp of rwera^ert level o r PCD of a r.i'rn n-pecl en at n (; lv.cn i,-ht net Uvula . <>P ell location:; caepTc;l DSW 02779Z STLCOPCB4011754 fish Cont'd -------* hot only docs the PCB concentration vary considerably among the 13 species Cciplui'od, but also the range of concentrations in a single species in the lake was generally greater than 100 percent (the range in red suckers was less; however, all were captured in the same region). Although some variation in concentration is expected because of the normal analytical precision, the tqble reveals much larger ranges winch are undoubtedly due to other factors which limit the useful:',ess of mean concentrations presented. Previous research has shown (Reir.erl, 1970) that the lipid content, size of fish, season of capture and concentration in the water nay effect (he<observed concentration of chlorinated hydrocarbons in tissue considerably. Accordingly, the data in the table must be considered in morn detai1. The concentration of ('CD's in alewives (on a fresh weight basis) were greater iri southern Lake Michigan than in trie northern regions, although anomalies are apparent. It is apparent that most of the alewives captured south of a line between Saugatuck end Sheboygan contained between 4.4 and 5.5 ug/gm PCB's whereas those caught north of the line contained between 3.5 and 4.4 ug/gm. An interesting exception is the high concentration, B.9 uy/cm, in tire alewives from Rock Island just off the Door County Peninsula in 'Wisconsin. The analyses of brown trout suggested similar trends in that those from Michigan City at the southern end of the lake contained 11.9 ug/g;n while those from Sheboygan and mils Rock contained 7.9 and 6.7 ug/gm, respec- lively. The carp from Michigan City also had higher levels of PCD's than did those from the northern region. In contrast to the 11.0 ug/gm found in the Mi chi go n City earn, those from Saugstucl: and Sheboygan contained A.6 and 1.7 wy/gm, respectively. The PCtM s in chubs in southern Lake Michigan ranged from 4.9 ug/gm near Milwaukee to 0.1 ug/gm near Saugatuck. In general, the chubs from the northern regions were below 5 ug/gm. The concentration of PCB's in the five groups of chubs collected over three months near Sheboygan varied without trend between 3.7 and 6.1 ug/gm, although the meAn was below 5 ug/gm. The variation is somewhat less when the data is' expressed on a lipid basis. Tor example, the PCB's in the D/27 and 10/15 chubs was 5.0 and 3.7 ug/gm--wet weight, respectively. In contrast, -the concentration of PCB's in the lipids was 23 ug/gm and 21 ug/gm, respectively. Thus, much of the observed variability is due to lipid content of the fish analyzed. ' One hundred percent of the Chinook salmon captured in Wisconsin contained greater tivwi 5 ug/gm PCB's and mean concentrations ranged from 24 ug/gm in Milwaukee to 9.9 ug/gm in Strawberry Creek. Little trend in the concentration of PCB's in coho salmon was observed with sampling regiont Willi the exception of coho caught early in 1971 near Michigan City, the'we-m concentration of PCB's ranged from 11 ug/gm in those near l.udington to 14 ug/gm in those near Michigan City. . DSW 027793 STLCOPCB4011755 1'ish tout'd Tlu: RGB's S-n lake trout wore most concentrated in the trout from Micliign, City, Sawg<\Luck and Milwaukee where- concentrations wore generally between 1 !> and 22 ug/c|M. '(lie trout from the norihorn areas such as Sheboygan, I.udingtan, Grand Traverse Boy and Gill's Rock were considerably lower, and the mean concentrations ranged between 8 and 15 The concentration of RCC's were unexpectedly high in the porch caught near Milwaukee in that the.mean of the 10 fisli was 11 ug/y:n. In contrast, perch from other regions appear to Lo less by ; factor of two, and those * from lower Green Ray contained only 2.7 ug/g:n. Rainbow trout t.-ere only caught n-anr Michigan City and Gill's Rock. The Michigan City trout had 12 ug/grn I'CB's while those from Gill's Rock averaged only 8.8 ug/ym I'CH's. -' 1 he concentration of PCll's in suckers and smelt ware generally be tween 2 and A uy/gm, although the average concentration in the three white suckers from Saugatuck was 6.0 ug/gn. With the exception of whitefish caught at Grand Haven and Michigan City, the PCB concentration in whitefish was less than 3 uy/gm. . Additional Oita from ll.S. DSfV.i Orest Likes fishery Laboratory lie,in PC8 levels in lake Micbiunn Fish Sj;rc iev t ime of Col 1 or t ion Loco t ion of Collection t eke 1 rout Lake trout Co l:o ` Rhileiish !'.) on Ur C Ini b Mon ter Chub Muater Chub Tall, 1971 roll. 197? Tall, 1972 rail. 1971 Spri i.g , 1972 fall, 197 2 fall, 1972 Gd. Traverse Bay San<l3tuck, 111. Ludington, !!i. Gd. traverse Say Saugatuck, Mi. Ssugotuck, Hi. Saugatuck, Hi. Humber of Annlysi s 3 20 ' ' 10 3 20 '12 ' 8 Humber of Ms h_ i . 15 ' 20 10 15 ' 200 120 80 Mein 1 eng tli (rn} Mean b'ei glit Jura' is 1 f.07 GS8 D.A. 3,030 3,199 D.A 505 25G " 1,390 1G0 255 177 229 120 Me in Lipids (percent) to til pro's ._(?' 1 N.H. 18.5 7.3 II. M 16.0 21. G 13.8 10.3 20.7 10.9 2.2 8.0 5.7 3.6 II.II. r not Measured a.A, r clita available ' . v. ` '` - DSW 027794 STLCOPCB4011756 V. V. Data Summary - Tributaries II1ino is Tributaries . 4 water samples, 1971 13 water samples, 1972 * 1242 Mean Aroclor (Dpb) Ranae Mean 1254 .Rarv.js 0.712 fO.140-1.810) 0.110 (dD - 0.653) 0.258 0.158 (0.192-0.388) (0.033-0.841 ) Sediments 13 samples from ravines and minor tributaries, 1971 95.8 (.NO - 55.30) 32.3 (1.5-232,0) Indiana Tributaries , 6 v/ater samples, 1 973 . PCP. (pPb) . Mean iianpe " .025 (<.01 - .07) OSM 027795 STLCOPCB4011757 Iribs. Coni'cl Hi o huia n *- -17- Quarterly water sampling in thirty Michigan tributaries s!nv/ed that about GO percent of the samples contained more than 0.01 ppb with-one stream, the Saginaw River, having a high concentration of 2.9 ppb. Fish from the Vagina.' ^i ver had PCB concentrations as high as 160 ppm. Five Michigan streams had mean'concentrations in water samples over 0.10 ppb. These were all located in the? populous southeastern lower peninsula which drains into lower bate Huron, babe St. Clair ar.J take trie. Of the bake Michigan streams, the Grand and Kalamazoo rivers consistently showed the highest concentrations'with means of 0.011 and 0.06S ppb, respectively. A study of transport of PC B * s to bake Michigan on suspended solids was conducted during March-,May, 1973, on the Grand, Kalamazoo and St. Joseph Rivers. Sediment traps .were suspended 1-2 motors off the bottom of the rivers and collected at varying time intervals in each river ranging from 3 times weekly to once a month. Concentrations of I'CB's were notably higher in the scttleable solids from the Kalamazoo River then from the Grand and St. Joseph rivers. The over-all mean for all samples were 3.62, 0.99 and 0.97 ppm (oven-dry basis) for the Kalamazoo, Grand and St. Joseph Rivers, respectively. This data substantiates earlier results indicating elevated levels of PCiVs in the Kalamazoo River 'watershed. Extensive sampling at upstream sections of the watershed has identified past and present wastepaper recylcing by paper industries located in trie City of Kalamazoo as the major source of contamination to the river. Certain sediment deposits in impoundments on Portage Creek, a tributary to the Kalamazoo River at Kalamazoo, ware found to contain RGB's at concent rations exceeding 390 ppm (dry weight basis), beaching from -these RCB enriched sediments appears to be significant. Fish collected immediately downstream from the City of Kalamazoo were found to contain residues of PCii's in their tissue as high as 110 ppm (Hesse and Willson, 1972). j .. An. example of one location in Michigan whore monitoring and subsequent- control measures have resulted in a'marked reduction in i'CB contamination is the Saginaw River basin. Even though it is not within, the bake Michigan watershed, the Saginaw River PCD situation is worthy of review. Monitoring of major Great takes tributaries during 1971-1972 identified the Saginaw River as having the highest concentrations of RGC's of any tributary within Michigan boundaries. Intensive sampling throughout the river basin in search of point sources successfully isolated ten .major points of I'CB discharge to the river system. Each of the industrial sourc-es were asked to identify the cause of their losses and to take corrective action. Control measures, in most cases, conversion to non- PCB containing products, have proved very effective toward lowering the I'CB cor.c entra lions in the Saginaw River. A sharp RCB decline at a monitoring site near the river mouth was observed in October, 1972, and concentrations hove remained low since that date. It is hoped that a correspondiug decline in PCB concentrations in fish from the river and SaginawiMloy will soon be observed. ._ DSW 027796 STLCOPCB4011758 I'rjft f-Cb Con<.rnh ot (o-'is in .`MeJn'^jn TrU'uUt ks to [) r r i i 19/1-itf. c c,*1 1,1,1 ,n I Vc i c_r .i HUM pan lltri on si. Clair Iric KJjrcr St. JosrrJi KaI rvtroo Grand Huskcoon fcoordran tii. . SnQtnow Cass' flint' Shie.i.vstee 1 i 11a'jjvf-sste' /ar Schlc Thunder C;y Cheboygin Cl Inton Hack 51. Clair kaisin Kjrcr. konyo^ Octroit ILU 5 0.013 0.055 0.011 0.010 . 0.0)4 0.017 0.012 '1.10D ' 0.014 0.071) . 0.079 O.UO <0.0U) C. 073 0.032 * ' . 0.150 0.013 0.010 0.210 0.012 0.470 0.020 /:. :* ii-; t <0.010-0.' ; o (i . > ( ,? 0.01 1.0 1 ' `O.oio-y.'. if <0.>m.*.t:\ <0.010-0.tJ9 o.-'ii.? *. f <c.oin o.t: O.Cio ,i. | ' <0.010 0 ;.;j <0.0Ki-r. ( i 'i <0.010 0 ( i.' <D,fJl &-0. t * 3 <0.039-(i. 4 i:, <o.o::i- ii. i to <D.I)i0- '3.' <0 fit y . r < /Vi <0.Ot 0*0 i < 0.053-1 .('.0 <0.010-3.053 ^Tributary to Sagiiiai/ River `Irihulary to Octroit River dovrnstrte'n from Octroit'kiver SftttpUr.3 SlAtion kivrr Ci and Concentrations of OCK's {polychlorinated O'.phenyls) in the scttlcfHe solids collected the Orar.d, f..i 1 .-'vre o, and St. dose;,), P.ivcrv; Sprir-:; 14?3, for comparison of vJrUUte s Concentrations in (. fim on no oacn-dry basis. t'r . .ul'.s of :*n.O-s. Sample lij'.oj__ ax Weekly 3.?4 I'ontlily . _3_/?_3___ 3/30 1.25 0.94 0.05 Sarplt Oates 4/? f./is 5/6 4/9 4/11 1.0* 0.95 1 0 <0.1 1.1 . 0.93 4/13 1 .58 1 .03 0.73 1.41 , 0.55 *. f?7 0.74 0.50 irn j./7 jj\ 5/11 *''r r. 0.01 3.5 0.5J 0.10 Kean 0.7? 0. ' ( O.VJ 1 .43 o.: i ci. <; o.<.j fir! 4H1S700 m. dosn'ti 3X l.'ecl, 1 > liii.w l.ly (Vonlhly 31 Weekly Oii.v. kly ninthly 6.7 ?7.5 2.03 <0.1 2.52 1.33 3.70 <0.1 0.03 ,7.0 3.54 3.77 3.09 3:?? 2.54 . . 2.11 2.13 O.f-G 0,05 2.50 2.04 0.95 0.7 5 0.0? 3.11 3.50 3.75 7.03 4.0? 7.50 3.14 Kean f ' 4.7? 3. r. i ?.(( 7.0 0.03 0.!? 0.53 1.71 0.35 0.03 IP: an 0.7? \.)0 o.?r. 0.07' (i 31 , O.vplc collected Inn, tied, and friday Concentration laScJ i-fon a 1:1 ratio of Aroclor 2 and 1251. All other concentrations calculate.) *v oclnr t?s2. V DSW 027797 STLCOPCB4011759 Tn'bs. Q'onl'd -19- f'ol>c 11 cI tr.Jtrrf Mi-Vnyls (rtn`s) In (p-pc-,l(p wj'pr u.-pU-i frr.-i u .- S.'gin-''' Rii.'r 41 O.'y lijrhoi t'.Jiln.i, Il.irc>1 1971 t'.jy 1973. C ni l t-M i o n_ Dyl^ ' Cp'iccntrjt lo In ml*. J'pr ]nn 3-9-71 t-10-71 B-27-7) 10-26-71 6-6-72 10-13-72 ID-79-72 10.70-72 11-1-72 ' 112-72 11-4 72 11-0-72 1-20-77 0-24-73 0.400 ' 0.000 2.9CO 1.100 0.040 0.300 <0.020 <0.020 0.091 0.031 <0.020 .. . 0.022 ' . <0.100 0.210 . Cnn( cntrat 11-; of j-ol y-(M t.-:I np: r 2 M-.licnyls })ctci2ii-r 7, 39M. ( riVJi fel vii;v.>. In fic.li / ion S n -1 n n -* lh.ii, . 1 ci Vt'cnt Inn Ci.i.i Cft'.fii.Ji Ci.l Mrli 1-td.Uc^^o(k MscSirre Charnel *i 11 m *i II *T 4 M II _ *4 Cm p .Cfcr|. . C .i c ; f *i p Imp Hi r ui.c {.!' r.:l J ,`in.iJ4 Clrijmt Mi.iJ* ClCJitl 5!.jd5 V.S. L^asl CUdTt! Jit.T t 1 0^ i > * ft * 41 H V M If _ V H* M tl V *1 *< *1 h m 4 W * M 4 U *. M ** *4 . C l f ? ; i c! S i at** (1: / J M. j* (iMMu U.a,!` ? 1 J'.'.v.il.c c > J <\'.i 41 tl . - T pnf r b Percent fM 9.0 71.0 P.0 7. 5 ' 73.0 >4.0 70.0 74.0 21.0 77.0 73.0 * 34.0 6.0 4.5 J.O 4.5 3.0 3.0 * 3.3 0.9 7.0 4.9 __ 30.5 * 6.5 y.9 4.6 3.6 3.3 17.5 35.3 35.0 17.0 13.7 9.6 r.7 42|Stl H r.J -t '.4i 1C.3 6.U 37. 1 47.9 4R.0 JO. 4 15.5 4n 33.7 JC.C < .* 14%. 3 ).\ 5 i r). i )),0 .'4. i 57.0 10.4 4 Cr-h(riitr*t.l<>n H'lCd VpCVI r.ntlytla d( cholc fJr-U. ,U 1 titlit rft ,I>mc d V riMt- I* *il .n osu 027798 STLCOPCB4011760 Data Sum.i.i ry U i sc/i/j rges 117 i no i r. V. Se./ayo Trent:ent Rants G sn.npl ct. , 1 97 7 1G samples, ` 1f 9/2 7 242 H?an . Arocl or i\>?b) 1254 Rrmgo Mean ' P.-i no o 7.443 0.7 77 (0.260-4.020) (i)-0.910) 0. 300 0. 1 2G (0.139-0. r> (0. 039-0. 2 Indinni Hunicinnl ity Hi chi fi.on City Hichiunn City Vol para i r.o Valparaiso . 1 in hart Hobart ll.mi'iioncl llai'r.'.oir.l Last Cliicaqo l ast Chicayo Chester ton Clio star ton Gary South iicnd Mi shnv.'Dka Elkhart Goshen t.'nppanoc Kendal 1vi77 e LaGranyc Litioni or Angola Syracuse . Date . 17/27 ft 28/72 7 2/20 & 21/72 71/27 ft 20/72 12/20 ft 21/72 17/27 & 20/72 12/20 It 21/7 2 11/27 ft 28/72 12/20 & 21/72 11/2/ 0 20/72 12/20 ft 21/7 2 11/27 ft 28/72 12/20 & 21/72 11/27 ft 20/72 3/22 It 23/73 3/22 & 23/73 3/22 S 23/73 ,, 3/22 ft 23/73 3/22 ft 23/73 2/23/73 3/7/73 ' 3/7/73 3/7/73 3/7/73 . Row - 113511) 11.0 13.3 4.0 . 4.0 2.7 3.1 ' 42.9 ' 42.3 10.9 IB. 7 1.5 1.0 50.9 35.0 . 10.39 17.5 4.0 . 900 1.2 .105 .434 .704 .305 Aroclnr 1254 ____ 2.4 0 0.19 0. 27 0. 20 0.35 0.11 <0.10 <0.10 <0. 10 0.1 0 <0. 10 <0.10 0. 33 <0.10 0. 1 3 <0.10 <0.10 <0. 10 <0. 10 <0. 10 <0.10 0.17 0.13 ^. DSW 027799 STLCOPCB4011761 Discharges Coal'd v -I i chill an Analyses of surface water runoff from sanitary and industrial landfills in Mi chi (tan suggest that these are a minor source of environmental, contamination, live ofVtho 9 samples collected had PCH concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.30 11]>b while the others contained less than 0.01 ppb.. Sampl ing of iiunicipol wastewater treatment plant (WVITP) effluents throughout Michigan in lh/1 and 1973 indicated that many WWTP's represent major point sources of PCB loss to surface waters of the State. The average PCII concen tration of 00 effluents sampled was 2.55 ppb. While only seven of the tJTIP effluents exceeded 1 ppb, the Bay City WWTP located on the Saginaw River had excluding the Bay City WWTP was 0. 56 ppb. Tiiose WWTP's with PCI! concen trations in effluents exceeding 1 ppb wore, with one exception, located on rivers already identified as having high levels of PCI! contamination. Sampling of S3 WWTP effluents in 1 973 continues to show high PCB levels with an average concentration of 0.52 ppb, including the Bay City plant. The PCB discharge from the Bay City If.lTP Ivas boon greatly reduced as a Sampling of sewage sludge from 57 of the 53 * l.CfTP' s tested in 1 973 showed Bay City to have the highest concentration of PCB's in the sludge being removed by the* treatment process. The PCB concentration in the sludge from the Bay City plant was 352 ppm (dry weight basis) compared to a state-wide average of 15.6 ppm. | Jn an attempt to identify major contributors of PCB's within municipal IPWIP systems, sampling at key points in the interceptor systems lias been conducted within the municipalities of Bay City, tit. Clemens, Saginaw, Adrian, Detroit and Kalamazoo. This program lias been very successful. The City of Detroit lias, in fact, .establ i shed an on-going sampling program within their interceptor system with analytical assistance from tiie State. They are applying a new City of Detroit sewer ordinance-, which limits discharges within the wastewater system to a maximum of 0.1 ppb. A broad scale sampling of industrial discharges throughout Michigan has shown results indicative of the widespread usage of PCB's. Nearly half of the industrial discharges sampled love contained more than 0.1 ppb with many in excess of 1 ppb. The highest concentration detec led in an industrial discharge in Michigan has been 7,2CO ppb. Automotive plants, chemical companies, and paper product manufacturers are among the typer, of industries wi tii highest concentrations. Also industries and building complexes, includin') some school s and liospi tal s, with heat transfer systems appear to be another major source. Industries idcuil.it ied as sources of PCB pollution have been encouraged to ch mgeovor to replace ment compounds or to cl <e<a n up their operation so that discharges oT PCB's do not exceed the pPcs-ent Michigan guideline of 0.1 parts per billion. Michigan is currenily trying to get.a handle on losses from electrical transl armorin leakage, servicing, and repl aremen l within plants. It DSM 027800 STLCOPCB4011762 pibdu' Mos Cont'd appears tliH amy of the small transformer maintenance companies are still dnr.iplncj PCI!1 s down the* drain rather than returning them for incineration. . ' . *I II V OSW 027801 STLCOPCB4011763 Polychlorinated Diphenyls (PCB's) in Effluents of Municipal l-.'a st own tor Treatment Plants throughout Michigan 1971-1972. Unless specified, all samples are 0 hr. compositos. CITY Adrian ' -v. Albion Ann Arbor Battle Creek i 1* .. , DATE ' 3-30-72 . 6-13-72 . 6-1'1-72 . 9-6-72 . 3-20-72 10-14-71 3-30-72 *10-5-71 - ' 3-20-72 2-21-72 6-6-72 6-7-72 PCB's os Aroclor 1254 (fpb) . 1 *80 ' 14.00 6.90 0.41 ` 0.44 . . ' 0.14 <0.10 ' - Moan Cone. .(PPb) 4.60 *' 0.44 0.12 0.39 0.16 0.92 0.20 0.21 0.39 ' - ' Bay City Benton Harbor St. Joseph 11-4-71 11-22-71 - 11-23-71 3-2-72a 4-4-72 6-13-72 6-14-72 9-14-72 * ' 10-28-71* 4-4-72. 340.00 210.00 60.00 2S0.00 1 o^ O yjt 11.00 25.00 5.70* 0.99 0.31 . 120.00 . . . 0.65 Brighton Charlotte . Constantine Delroit Dexter j 10-5-71 7-20-72 4-4-71 * 10-14-71 . 12-20-72 1-20-72 3-9-72 . i 4-17-72 ; 6-1-72 10-19-72 V# 10-14-71 0.30 0.61 . 0.05 2.20 3.00 0.92 2.40 1.00 0.03 2. DO'-'* < 0.10 ' . 0.38 0.61 0.05 1.95 , . > 0.10 DSW 027802 STLCOPCB4011764 iJh* cndni:jr:> Con\ i 'd CITY ' DATE E. Lansing i . 11-15-71 .4-3-71 Escanaba Essexvilie '< . 12-16-71 11-4-71 3-31-72 Flint 10-5-71 '3-31-72 6-7-72 ` 6-8-72 10-5-7.2 Flushing 10-5-72 Gladstone 7-21-72 Grand Haven .,.4-4-72 Grand Rapids 11-10-71 3-30-72 Holland ' 10-20-71 3-29-72 HoughtonHancock 3-21-72 Iron MountainKings Ford 3-21-72 4-4-72 Iroiiwood Jackson 3-20-72 11-16-.71 2-21-72 ' 3-28-72 Kalamazoo L'Anse l.ans i ng ' V * 10-5-71 ' 3-28-72 . 6-6-72 6-7-72 12-6-72 4-21-72 10-7-71 4-4-72 PCB's Aroclor 1251 (PPI>) Moan Cone. (Pl'b) 0.69 0.35 0.29 0.21 D. 28 1.30 0.92 0.47 0.30 < 0.10 _ 0.52 "o. 19 < 0. 50 0.37 0.68 0.79 0.42 0.51 0.29 0.24 0.60 0.52 0.19 <0.60 0.62 0.60 <,0.10 0.55 1.20 s 0.16 ` <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 1.30 0.83 0.48 0.53 0.19 <0.10 0.23 ` D.13 0.10 0.87 0.16 <0.10 O.C6 <0.10 0.18 DSW 027803 STLCOPCB4011765 i'i:>c!vM'in.:rs Cvnt'd V CITY Man is Li quo V. Marquette Marshall . ' * . DATE \ . "12-15-72 ' 12-14-71 3-28-72 PCB/s Aroclor 1254 .(ppb) <0.20 .0.35 <0.10 '. Menominee Midland 12-15-71 .0.35 2-2-72 ' . 0.29 3-31-72 ' 0.40 -4-14-72 0.13 ' d10-2-72 0.13 Milford 10-14-71 . . . <0.10 Monroe 11--15-71 3r30-72 0.60 Q. 33 ' ML. Clemens , Mt. Pleasant ' 11-15-71 3-30-72 C-7-72c 6-8-72c 7-2G-72 8-2-72 3-31-72 1.40 '2.90 4.50 3.10 .9.40 10.00 <0.10 ' Muskegon 11-15-71c 0.28 Muskegon Heights ' 11-7 5-71c 0.37 Miles Mor.vny Ontonagon 4-4-72. 0.. 63 - ' 4-5-72 D. 40 4-21-72 <0.10 . ' O./or.so Parchment Pontiac (Auhurn ii-,1.) Pontiac (t. Blvd.) V# Portage >-14-72 4-20-72 11-17-71 3-30 72 11-17-71 3-30-72 6-6-72 G-/-/2 11-1 5-71cl <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 0.61 0.20 1.30 0.15 0. 1G 1.90 Mean .(wl'i) <0.20 0.35 <0.10 0.35 0.23 <0.10 d. 46 5.21 ... - - <0.10 0.28 0.37 0.60 0.40 <0.10 <0.10 <0.10 0.35 0.45 1.90. DSW 027804 STLCOPCB4011766 Pi sc inrger s Coni. ld CITY .' Port Huron ' . Saginaw * iDATE n-id-71 3-30-72 10-6-71 13-31-72 6-7-72 6-0-7? .l:0-4-72tI 's as -Aroclor 1251 .1pjz!>) - 0.28 '-0.02 .lio '.3.80 2.00 1.00 :o./4 St. l'gnace 12-15-72 <0.20 South Haven <1-4-72 < Q .10 Swartz Creek `,10-5-72 -CO .10 Three Rivers .Trenton . <4-4-7.2 .11-16-71 3-30-72 05-6-72 .6-7-72 " <0.30 '' '0.14 1.10 '.0.47 .0.91 Warren- . Wayne County (Wyandotte) # / . ill -ID-71 3-30-72 11-16-71 3-30-72 .0.16 . Q..10 0.64 _ .0.17 White Pine 41-21-72 :o/2 . Wyoming . l'l-'30-72c 0.44 3-30-7.2 .a. SS Ypsilariti < 11-16-71 4-2-72 . 0.72 .0.21 ** Ypsilanti Twp "1 11-16-71 -4-2-72 0.12 <0.10 Yj>s i 1 (j n t i Twp HZ ' ' 11-16-71 ' 4-2-72 0.19 0.16 *Aroclor 124? Standard Aroclor 1242 and 1261 in 1:1 ratio" <'6 hr h10 hr c24 hr V ^Grah chexano lost (iK.A','!) ' :i AT Mean Cone. .(tUl't)_______ 0.40 VCO <'0.20 < 0.10 < 0.10 '<O.'30 0.63 I). 13 D. 40 0,20 0.49 0.71 0.11 0.17 2.66 OSW 027805 STLCOPCB4011767 D i schanjors Cbltit1 d' '\ Concentrations of PClV'-, m i|-- rii.il I : f'ui.T. I frc'i;i Was Lei/a [er Treatment JM,-nt.s u 'O'/pi ; ,1 !ic/i iy in , Spring, 1973. dry weight. ConcentTM lion-.; in purls in1 bill ion CITY DATE V. . Adrian A1hi on Ann Arbor bay City *. battle Creek Denton Harbor- St. Joseph Brighton Cadillac . Charlotte ' Constantine Detroit Dexter East Lansing Escanaba Essexville Flint Gladstone Grand Haven Grand Rapids Hnl 1 and Houghton- Hancock Iron Mountain- Kings Ford Ironwood ' Jackson Kalamazoo 1.1 Anse l.ansiny Maiiist ique Marquette Marsha 11 Menominee Mi dland Milford Monroe Mt. Clemens Mt. Pleasant Muskegon Muskegon Heights Niles . Non-/ay Owos so Pontiac (Auburn) Pontiac (E. !>lvd. ) Port Huron Saginaw Suull Sl.e. Marie . '3/7 2/22 3/1 3/1 2/28 2/20 3/1 ' 3/28 5/1 . 2/28 2/28 ' 3/1 5/2 3/20 3/1 2/22 3/28 2/21 2/21 2/21 3/27 i1 3/28 . 3/27 i . 2/32 2/29 ' 3/27 4/70 3/28 . 3/27 2/22 2/28 3/1 3/0 . 5/4 3/8 ' . 3/28 2/23 ' 2/28 ' 2/20 V , 3/28 ?/?.) 3/12 . 3/12 - 3/0 3/1 3/20 . 1202 PC!!'1 ' 3.20 * .- 2.15 .* \ - m 0. 34 0 25 * <0.10 0.20 0.53 0.34 0.4G 0.23 0.18 ` 0.10 <0.10 0.44 <0.10 ' 1.05 <0.10 0.10 0.09 <0.1 0.22 0.03 0.29 0.15 0.57 <0.10 <0.10 0.29 0. HO 0. l:i 0,4!! <0. 10 0. 1 2 A 0.73 DSW 027806 1242:1254 0.26 0.33 0.20 0.29 1.12 0.31 2.20 2.90 0.00 0.54 1.00 0.7/ STLCOPCB4011768 .Disclnrfjrrs CoiVt'd fC' 1ITT YV ___ . ^\ ;St. lynaco . ' 'Three Rivers ' Traverse City Trenton <- . . .Warren '.Wayne County' .W.yoini ncj Ypsilanti $ Ypsilanti Twp n . .Ypsilanti Twp fi2 : DATE 3/28 2/21 3/7 2/20 2/27 2/20 2/21 _ 2/20 3/1 3/1 ' -J_2'La .. Veu's -J_2S f '' ` . 0.31 ^0.10 ^'0.10 <0.10 <0.10 0.40 0.22 ' , }? A,?:V, 0.31 oo f? ^.Concentrations based ;Q;mixture of Aroclor on best 'fit of 3.standards: 1242 and .1234 in a 1:1 ratio. Aroclor "V242 , Aroclor 12C4, or V DSirf 02 7807 STLCOPCB4011769 -29- Ji sc:h^t'O-rc Cant'd . Concent rations of PCB's in the sludge from f i fty-.pvrn rumiciml wastewater treatment. plants in Michigan, Spring ) 97- in parts per million, dry weight. " * Pl1 Concentrations CUy Adrian ' Albion .. ;1 Dale 3/ 7 ' ' 2/22 / - ' 12-12 ' . . PCB's* 1251 ' . . 1.5 ` Ann Arbor Bay City 3/1' 1.1 ' ' 3/1 ' " 352.0 . . Battle Creek Benton HarborSt. Joseph 2/20 2/28 ' ` '. ' . 2.0 ` 13.0 .Brighton \ 3/1 ' .<0.1- Cadi 11ac 3/28 ' ' . <0.l` Charlotte 5/1 C.8 Coiis ti no 2/20 2.1 ' Detroit ' 2/20 32.1 * Dexter E. Lansing 3/1 ; 5/2 ' .m ' 3.2 4.6 fscanaba . 3/20 . 5.9" Fssexville 3/1 3.9 FI int 2/22 - . 6.3 Gladstone Grand Haven 3/20 . ' 2/21 /* ** ` , 4.1 4.1 Grand Rapids 2/21 11.0 Holland 2/21 ' 0.0 llowel 1 .4/26 15.0 Hough ton-llancock 3/27 t 0 121? :1 ?5-l . 24.0 - ... ... OSH 027808 STLCOPCB4011770 X 30- dischargers Cool'd ' ' CH Y ' Iron liouikaio - i Kings ford ` Date ` 3/23 12d 2 . PC P.'s 17M ' 'D.5 Ironwood ' Jackson Kill amazoo 3/27 ` 2/2?. 2/29 . . .33.3 3/2 3/0 k'Anse . Lansing ' . 3/27 . - . -4/10 ' - * ` _ ;. '! -4.4 ' 3.3 Manisti(|iie 3/28 . - 4/5 Marquette 3/27 - . 3/0 . Marshal 1 r -Menominee Midland '2/2.Z . :2/28 3/1 ' . . 3/9 `4.3 fr. fA * Milford 3/8 ' Monroe _ i5/4 .. . . 3/3 Ml. Clemens Ml. Pleasant 3/8 3/28 1175 :o C6./5 Muskegon ` ' 3/20 Muskegon Heights 3/28 Miles 3/20 Horway 3/20 Ov/OSSO " 2/21 ` - 113.7 - 11.1./0 .. 7/.. 8 </0./l ` 3.-0 Pontiac (Auburn) 3/12 Pontiac (P. 1.11 vd.) VI? Port Huron 3/8 IP-*?: 1 HO.5 ' }2,1 0,?9.2 DSW 027809 STLCOPCB4011771 -31- . X i .r Pisclinrgers Cont'd City_ . ' He to PCB's 124212T>1 Saginaw Sault Stc. Mario St. Ignacc Three Rivers '# 3/1 3/20 3/28 2/21 . . 5.0 2.4 1.5 4.1 Traverse City 'iron ion . 3/7 3/28 , . 1.0 <0.1 Warren 2/27 <0.1 Wayne County 2/28 2 jo ; . Wyoming ' 2/21 | - 0.50 Ypsilanti ' 2/20 2.0 Ypsilanti Twp. j'/l 3/1 <0.1 YpS'il oilt i 1 Wp ;!2 3/1 <0.1 ! i* * Concentration based on best fit of 3 standards: Aroclor 1242, Aroclor 1254 , or a mixture of . Aroclor 1242 and 1254 in a 1:1 ratio. 1242:1254 > V 'l .......................... DSW 027810 STLCOPCB4011772 Dischargers Conl'rt "32- Wisconsin - 1 97 3 Survey Results Municipalily . RGB Coiic. ppb Atlcll . ' AT Renin Aaihcrst Appleton Buttes Dos Mc/rtes Utility Oist. Bear Creek Berl i n l; i rnamwood Benda ;.*1 . Brill ion . Bristol llrookfi eld Cedar Grove Cl nil ton Clintonvi11 a Colti.inn Crivitz Dope re fill:hart. Lake l:oirJ c!a Lac Grafton Green Bay - Kenosha Marinette Neenali-Monnshn Milwaukee-South Shore lbrt.li l end du Lac Rueino Shawano SheLi-oycjan . Surin'i ` Waldo West Bend .33 <. or <.05 . 20 . .11 .' <.05 <.05 .28 <.05 .5 <.05 <. 05 <.l 1.45 <.05 .1 <.05 .31 <.l .59 <. 05 .44 <.05 <.05 2.1 1.1 .23 .34 -.4 17 ' : .21 ' .23 .19 . ' - _ Uos^_ . 00003s ^w ^_ .01 0 .000) V .00050 ,032 .00002 .032 .007 .074 .003 .00053 .021 .0044 .34* .0000!.00003 .0018 V OSM 027811 STLCOPCB4011773