Document e7wjJ1LEvYDKvq5oJLKQQ8nq4

288 NOTES TO PAGES 36-38 to the city of Reval in Lithuania, where he was captured and interned by the Russians. He was deported to the USSR in 1941, where he died under unclear circumstances. 3. Heinrich Cramer, "Das allgemeine Institut gegen die Geschwulstkrankheiten im Rudolf Virchow-Krankenhaus, Berlin," Zeitschrift fur das gesamte Krankenhauswesen 32 (1936): 492-94. The new institute was strong on radi ation and experimental hormonal therapies; its biological division cooperated closely with the I. G. Farben conglomerate to produce new chemotherapies (ibid., p. 494). 4. Salazar, Kxebsforschung, p. 83. Many other Jewish cancer researchers were forced from Germany or, after 1938, from Austria. Gustav Bucky (1880-?), a radiologist who had emigrated to the United States in 1923, returned to Ger many in the late 1920s, whereupon he was named director of the Radiology Department at the Rudolf Virchow Hospital in Berlin (from 1930 to 1933); He returned to the U.S. in 1933, where he worked at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York. Ludwig Teleky was forced to leave Vienna; see Hein rich Buess, "Der Wiener Sozialmediziner Ludwig Teleky (1872-1957) und seine 'History of factory and mine hygiene/ " Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift 131 (1981): 479-83. There seem to have been relatively few Jews in official an tialcohol or antitobacco groups, though more research needs to be done in this area. On the history of medical emigration from Nazi Germany, see Fischer et al.. Exodus, pp. 34-35, 343-591, and 615-30. 5. Eckhart Henning, "Otto Warburg," in Berlinische Lebensbilder, vol. 1, Naturwissenschaften, ed. Wilhelm Treue and Gerhard Hildebrandt (Berlin: Col loquium, 1987), pp. 299-315. 6. See, for example, David Nachmansohn, German-Jewish Pioneers in Science, 1900-1933 (New York: Springer, 1979), p. 254. 7. Macrakis, Surviving the Swastika, pp. 63-64. 8. "Mitteilungen des Deutschen Reichsausschusses fur Krebsbekampfung," Zeitschrift fur Kxebsforschung 41 (1935): 522-38. 9. "Vorwort zur neuen Folge," Zeitschrift fiir Kxebsforschung 40 (1934): 1-2. The journal stressed that, henceforth, the journal must try to better represent the "diversity" (Vielseitigkeit) of views concerning how to research and treat cancer. 10. "Die Aufgabe," p. 1. 11. The organizational structure of the Reichsausschuss fiir Krebsbekamp fung is detailed in Gerhard Krug, Die Organisation des Kampfes gegen den Krebs in wissenschaftlicher und sozialer Hinsicht (Marburg: Med. diss., 1938), pp. 18-30. 12. Planning for the Deutsches Hygiene-Museum exhibit "Kampf dem Krebs" began in 1930; the exhibit opened in February of 1931 and was ex panded during the Nazi period, eventually traveling to hundreds of cities all over the Reich. As late as August 1944 the exhibit was still on display at Lauenburg and Stolp ("Ausstellungsverzeichnis 1903-1994," Deutsches Hy giene-Museum Archive; personal communication, Marianne Schneider). The exhibit catalog is Bruno Gebhard, Kampfdem Krebs (Dresden: Deutscher Verlag fiir Volkswohlfahrt, 1931 and 1933). NOTES TO PAGES 39-43 289 13. "Vorwort zur neuen Folge," p. 1. Hitler was generally dismissive of "sci ence for its own sake": in a conversation of March 27, 1942, the Fiihrer re marked, "We don't know anything about the origins of a lousy fistula; the simplest and most widespread disease is not even researched! But the magnif icent netherworld of heaven and hell and all other nonsense are thoroughly explored"; see Henry Picker, Hitlers Tischgesprache im Fuhrerhauptquartier, 1941-42 (Bonn: Athenaum, 1951), p. 354. 14. William E. Seidelman, "Mengele Medicus: Medicine's Nazi Heritage," Milbank Quarterly 66 (1988): 221-39. 15. Wagner and Mauerberger, Krebsforschung, pp. 14-15. The forms used for these registries are reprinted in the "Mitteilungen des Deutschen Reichsaus schusses," pp. 525-38. Results from these registries were not made public, ap parently for fear of an unfavorable public response. The city of Nuremberg had established a cancer registry in the summer of 1933; see the Numberger Zeitung 172 (1935): 5. For a review of the Nuremberg program, see Maximilian Meyer, "Schicksal der Krebskranken," Reichs-Gesundheitsblatt 15 (1940): 177-93. 16. Adolf Radermacher, Krebssterblichkeit und -bekdmpfung in der Hansestadt Koln von 1932-1940 (Med. diss.: Cologne, 1942), pp. 11-12. 17. Connecticut's famous Tumor Registry was established about this same time--in 1937--see J. T. Flannery and D. T. Janerich, "The Connecticut Tumor Registry: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow," Connecticut Medicine 49 (1985): 709-12. 18. "Mitteilungen des Deutschen Reichsausschusses," p. 525. 19. Ernst Dormanns, "Die vergleichende geographisch-pathologische Reichs-Carcinomstatistik 1925-1933," Referate des II. Intemationalen Kongresses fur Kxebsforschung und Krebsbekampfung 1 (1936): 460-79. Zurich was probably the autopsy capital of the world, with about a third of all bodies being autopsied in the early decades of the twentieth century. See Hans R. Schinz and Adolf Zuppinger, Siebzehn Jahre Strahlentherapie der Krebse: Ziircher Erfahrungen 1919-1935 (Leipzig: Georg Thieme, 1937), p. 1. Dormanns joined the Nazi party on May 1,1937; he also served in the party's Amt fiir Volksgesundheit begin ning in 1941 (BDC). 20. Walter Niderehe, "Bericht fiber die Vortrage betr. Krebsbekampfung auf dem 3. intemat. Kongress f.d. arztl. Fortbildungswesen in Berlin," Aug. 24, 1937, E 1496, THW; compare also n. 40 in chap. 1. 21. Ramm, "Systematische Krebsbekampfung," p. 266. 22. Otto Bokelmann, "Die Rolle der Propaganda im Kampfe gegen den Krebs," Zentralblatt fiir Gynakologie 64 (1940): 770-77. 23. Ostpreussischer Landesausschuss and NSDAP Amt fur Volksgesund heit, "Abschrift! Durchffihrung von sogenannten Reihenuntersuchungen," July 12, 1937; Mikulicz-Radecki to Gesundheitsamt Weimar, November 9, 1937, E 1496, THW. Thuringia's plan was similar in many respects, emphasiz ing a collaboration with the NS Frauenschaft, an exclusive focus on cancer of the breast and uterus/cervix, the cost-free provision of regular screenings for women over thirty, establishment of cancer counseling centers, and so forth. The Reichsarbeitsgemeinschaft ftir Schadenverhfitung helped Thuringia's