Document dam1Bj85R8wwgXorm74MaOYoe

\ A Ae HELE ATR N & dot ath 0 Tal 2 o THEk E lEy|eEee wu re ll [4 / i TT ! I ls C] 2 en os B LE Ele ile | [8 --. 6 g8tlPlB LCreARRIFPLTR LN ---  UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN Why is persistency a problem? Emissions of chemicals increase, into an already polluted environment World chemical sales (3360 ion Euroin 2016) EUCherical indsulssvtidredyby sectors ITg % seme i. J 2a. FY( BE | covansn - To Pr ia e ~ --- Sge rs BoCS gr a 0 ---- a = el N = >350,000 synthetic chemicals used in larger quantities - plus metals and bio-toxins (e.g. bio-pesticides) + Number and volumeof chemicalsincrease ~ expected doubling from 2016 to 2030 nature + Total chemical pressure increase risk of harm to humans and =  UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN PFAS are persistent chemicals Per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) are organic molecules, which have a fluorocarbon chain; C-F is the strongest organic bond => persistent + do not make bonds => repels both water and oil/fat + poly-fluorinated can degrade to persistent per-fluorinated acids long chain PFAS (2C,6): accumulate in soil, sediment, humans, biota + short chain PFAS (< C;6): accumulate in water* and air rea - [ o For) on 0 Fors on 0 Forbes iy Foroon : 0 o I prea op psa prsan ] Fro Te en |o To e as ean wo riers 0" 0| very solo | FiCTImamO 1 Roforro\lAoNrlCR RLCFG3GCrOR: near PEPE nt branched PFPE unit H9O~8C- HIOF20 0{CFC CF2H 0}{CF, 20) CC F10HH ;(00, H;CH0 ,0-9}0 ;) Sn FombinHCP2-1000 / New LP rena forprstent, mobile, ox (PHT),very persisvetryenabtl,e (i)  UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN PFAS are widely used in consumer and industrial products LEY 3 Hq - - More than 200 types of uses a More than 10.000 PFAS used i tl : Saannddolrescssathvarnt2l0e0 commercial chemical Adm o. 5, Tm. =A omsouesana A GEE ge" ae hm KM= JmA rAe= re i  UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN PFAS are emitted along every part of the lifecycle we end os oSee [Arubirn~ or "1: Us Ne . at = ny nope % ga = 8 (1 IY | hi \\ 8 ase tastes i o 3$n =e 2s \ rests | a nd ex, = 3 re A= Main sources of PFAS in the environment Firefighting: Training, airports + Processes, e.g. chrome plating of metals/plastics, electronics? + Product manufacturing: paper/textiles coatings, paints, etc. + SynotfPFhASe /F-spoliymesrs ++ Landiils Wastewater treatment plants. + Organic fertilisers/WTTP sludge Spread via air/water/dust/soil/products `Main human exposure routes + Food, drinking water, workexposure, consumer products, dust, air? + Sumofcurrentexposurepls historically used PFAS, Sut tae aat Ji ASl E,esiaH s E ro # UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN What are the human health concerns of PFAS? [8 VEIN -- corres, ` \ one oe= * Costs -- health, or -- 2. ---- remediation, property, [-- 2 company liability, ---- Tm ERIE En PET Estimated annual health [EE BETTE Fe fre restetopregay - regarded ramms | EFSA opinion: RiskofPFAS in food * + Groupof PEAS: PFOA, PENA, PHS, PROS. + Tolerableweekly intake (TWI) =4.4ng PFAS/kg bw/week Ee  UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN Screening of PFAS: known vs. unknown PFAS Organoturine in Humans 0 femle 709 hing organofluorines (U OF) SBO sveros Leros oHran0g8 Ear 1 zs \ Gangmir ) - Rn A, a= yc: AA "~, or |T0 8% - fLek F--l JP it ees) Ly iz .. 2+3 - 2 4 j. "ano Zoo otaL(2021,Eon.5. Tec, 0237,0o4Tpags | "eres rai Tos meme Si stm +PEAS IntheNordicsavironmant(2019):hips inorden iva-portl orplumashigeydiva?129GMTFULLTEXOto KBmanA,.etal, 2019 9  UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN o& Uptake of PFAS from soil and water into food and feed To fee map. TD PE Distribution and accumulation in biowastes Bioavailability = a VE 3 CT --- dBliosolcs = Municipalsoi waste = Inputtosoi, rut o Biosol > / PFAS rama eaews #ros  UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN PFAS in the circular economy (CE) and in waste 4 YLh -2 + PFAS pollution of resources hampers the Circular Economy by causing lost resources, such as bio-based products, soil, food, water, textiles plastics? + Costly to enforceif widespread PFAS uses, which requires frequent/widespread testing + Low percentage of PFAS is recycled: Practically and economically impossible to collect many different PFAS waste fractions, e.g. fluoropolymers in cars + Incineration at T < 1100 C forms volatile PFAS (TFAA and other PFCAs, GHGs?) => pollution Ewmr NY aN EEE i: Ee al. pLiANE43S5 HH &. o 5 - ER | 39 Tc ort 00 sic cs mc ccasd ci  UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN IBS 25 oo es sl ) % /RITEASDFBYA ; Rg Ti wommemasre TL k CES WL fi : - Casi RA Bs PFAS and Earth systems: Climate Change and Ozone layer PFAS production - a source of unreported greenhouse gases and ODPs? Chlorodifiuoromethane (HCFC-22) majorfeedstock for tetraflucroathylene (TFE) monomer + Trifluioromethane (HFC-23) major by-product in HCFC-22 production * Many otherhigh-GWP/-ODP substances involved in polymerization of PTFE and PVDF and in the production of PFPEs : emitted quantities unknown # uxiveRsiTY oF coreNAGEN Risk assessment cannot keep up with chemical diversity = Risks T ~ HazardsT* exposures T es * Impossible to risk assess >10,000 PFAS + Persistent chemicals (e.g. PFAS) accumulate which cause exposures, and therefore risks, to increase + Hazards are possibly unknown -- but never zero Hazards have been underestimated before: e.g. lead (Pb), bisphenol A, PFOS, ... * Continued use of PFAS => increasing risks to health  UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN Concerns: Multiple lines of evidence of harm of PFAS ini = a= ms ES i me a oe Ss , so YEE ETT enh' NEF aE UBpS > A A _ @\ 8 g-e : -- + Widespread pollution and exposure to >10000 PFAS, from >200 `use categories' 2 Emission along lifecyclest34 * Toxic + PFAS contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and are not easily compatible with the CE + PFAS incl. degradation products are persistent, bioaccumulate, mobile * Costly + Pollution and harm of PFAS is irreversible - oShiearoronentinom sfeirsenheemronsa:n # uxiveRsiTY oF coreNAGEN PFAS free alternatives are possible -- and a more resilient way to achieve the multiple goals of the EGD + Mandatory policies are most efficient Technical support centres - industrial partnerships/research speeds up transitions a5 = -- N14 5 = + Safe and Sustainable by Design approach - ensure coherence with e.g. SPI, CC policies Pn 2) &) == Financial tools ~ financial taxonomy, access to `market, high insurance for risky activities, polluter pays ~ but cleaning up is ineffective/ costly mm ow om wm om 5 ;/ * Reduction of total production of PFAS works => PFAS restriction! YD BR EWI a 64 briefing 2021; Delivering chemicls andEprodEucts tht aresfoer and sauHstinobebydesian.  UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN Thanks for your attention! [( J COPE-- NHA-- GEN 2, Global PTFhAaSnSkcsietnoce Panel Funding bodies: Danish EPA -- PFAS Task Force DG ENV -- DWD PFAS analytical methods EU Soil Mission - ARAGORN aragxrn SDeem ieprEanfavSrocranaarmnadlEmeCrroannmmenttaalndScviesncees Fredanlsoery re Jo0% fi = IS soaNSElRe,e 2 &