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1610 FRONTAGE ROAD NORTHBROOK. ILLINOIS 60062
REPORT TO IBT RESEARCH TOXICITY AND REPRODUCTION STUDY WITH AROCLOR 1242 IN WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS JUNE 7, 1973 IBT NO. J1291
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REPORT TO IBT RESEARCH TOXICITY AND REPRODUCTION STUDY WITH AROCLOR 1242 IN WHITE LEGHORN CHICKENS
JUNE 7, 1973 IBT NO. J1291 I. Introduction A toxicity and reproduction study with Aroclor 1242 in white Leghorn chickens was initiated. This report presents the results of the investiga tion conducted at Wedge's Creek Research Farm, Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories, Inc.
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II. Summary A toxicity and reproduction study was conducted in white Leghorn
chickens fed Aroclor 1242 at dietary levels of 1.0, 3.0, and 10.0 ppm. The results of this study were as follows:
A. Toxicity Phase No effects upon weight gain, food consumption, survival, egg
production, egg weight, egg shell thickness or egg specific gravity were observed.
A slight increase in the number of defective eggs and a severe decrease in the hatchability of eggs were recorded for the group fed 10 ppm. Data obtained from the 1 and 3 ppm groups were essentially normal
A gross pathological examination of all chickens revealed no significant abnormalities.
B. Reproduction Phase Chick survival was not influenced by the ingestion of Aroclor 1242. A slight decrease in chick weight gain was recorded for the 10
ppm group. Weight gain for the 1 and 3 ppm groups was considered normal.
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No significant abnormalities were noted during the gross patho logical examination of each chick.
Respectfully submitted, INDUSTRIAL BIO-TEST LABORATORIES, INC.
Report prepared by:
Dale Fletcher, B.S. Group Leader Wedge'6 Creek Research Farm
Report approved by:
Donald H. Jenkins Manager & Technical Director Wedge's Creek Research Farm
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III, Procedure A. Experimental Animals The animals employed in the study were white Leghorn chickens.
A total of 80 hens and 16 roosters was used. B. Organization of Groups The 96 chickens were divided into one control group and three
test groups. A structural outline of the experiment is presented in Tabic I.
TABLE I
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study ~ White Leghorn Chickens
Outline of Experiment
Group Control T-I T-II T-III
Number of Animals
Male
Female
4 20
4 20
4 20
4 20
Dietary Level (ppm) None
1.0
3.0 10.0
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C. Dosage and Feeding All groups received the same basal feed*. Test diets were
prepared bi-monthly. The test material was diluted with acetone before addition to the feed to assure even distribution throughout the ration. An equal amount of acetone, without test material, was added to the control feed and the feed was then blended in the same manner as the test feed . All animals were allowed water and their respective control or test feed ad libitum. Dosing began when the birds were 12 weeks of age and was continued for 26 weeks when hatching results were available.
D. Observations Observations were made daily to ascertain the presence or
absence of clinical signs of toxicity indicative of test material effect. All chickens were individually weighed and the group food consumption was determined weekly. As each group began laying, the eggs were collected daily and the egg weights recorded. When the egg weights were consistently between 50 and 60 grams, 50% of the hens in the group were laying, and the hens were at least 26 weeks old, egg collection for that group was started.
* Purina Flock Chow, Ralston Purina Co., St. Louis, Mo.
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E. Eggs The eggs were collected for the following parameters:
1. Egg Production and Quality Eggs were collected, weighed and candled for a number of
ecven-day periods. The total number, the individual weights of eggs collected and the total number of uncracked and umblemished eggs were recorded.
2. Hatchabllity
Three-fourths of all non-defective eggs were randomly selected for hatching. These eggs were turned twice daily during the seven-day collection period then placed in an incubator maintained at 99 to 100 F, with a wet bulb reading of 85. This procedure was followed until a minimum of 100 eggs from the control group and each test group had
been set for hatching. The following were recorded:
a. Number hatched b. Number unhatched
c. Viability of chicks over a 30-day period, during which time feed and water were permitted ad libitum.
d. Examination of unhatched eggs for fertility and stage of development.
e. Weight of chicks after Day 1 and Day 30. 3. Physical Characteristic of Eggs
One-fourth of the non-defective eggs and all of the defective
eggs were examined to determine the following: a. Specific gravity
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b. Thickness of shells al equatorial circumference (Three measurements/egg)
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IV. Results A. Parental Generation 1. Body Weight Data The average male and female body weights during the test
period are shown in Table II. The average male and female body weights during the recovery period are shown in Table III. Body weight gains were considered normal for all test groups.
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Group Control T-I T-II T-IU
Sex
M F
M F
M F
M F
0
1.32 0.94
1.14 0.92
1.21 0.91
1.14 0.91
i
1.41 1.03
1.24 1.03
1.32 1.00
1.23 1.01
TABLE n
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Test Diet Period Body Weight Data
2
1.45 1.09
3
1.49 1.14
Mean Body Weight (kilograms) Week:
4567
8
1.59 1.21
1.65 1.23
1.71 1.36
1.78 1.44
1.83 1.50
9
1.85 1.54
10
1.84 1.58
1.30 1.08
1.37 1.05
1.31 1.06
1.33 1.13
1.47 1.12
1.36 1.10
1.43 1.21
1.56 1.18
1.47 1.19
1.50 1.27
1.63 1.24
1.54 1.28
1.57 1.34
1.70 1.31
1.62 1.34
1.62 1.42
1.78 1.37
1.66 1.42
1.68 1.50
1.84 1.44
1.73 1.49
1.72 1.57
1.88 1.50
1.78 1.54
1.78 1.62
1.93 1.55
1.86 1.60
11
1.89 1.60
1.83 1.64
1.96 1.59
1.90 1.62
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Group
Sex
Control
M F
T-I M F
T-n
M F
T-m
M F
12
1 .91 1 .59
1 .86 1 .64
2,.09 1..62
1 .93 1 .63
13
1.95 1.61
1.88 1.65
2.10 1.62
1.97 1.65
TABLE Q continued
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Test Diet Period Body Weight Data
14
1 .95 1 .63
15
2.01 1.67
Mean Body Weight (kilograms) Week:
16 17 18 19
20
2.02 1.68
2.04 1.70
2.03 1.68
2.09 1.71
2.08 1.72
21
2 .11 1 .72
22
2.13 1.73
1 .90 1 .65
1.95 1.68
1.98 1.70
2.00 1.70
2.01 1.70
2.04 1.73
2.08 1.74
2 .12 1 .75
2.18 1.78
2 .14 1 .62
2.25 1.65
2.27 1.66
2.31 1.67
2.34 1.69
2.39 1.71
2.44 1.74
2..46 1 .74
2.50 1.77
1 .99 1 .65
2.06 1.68
2.10 1.69
2.11 1.69
2.15 1.69
2.18 1.72
2.22 1.73
2 .26 1 .74
2.29 1.78
23
2 .18 1 .75
2 .20 i..79
2..50 1..78
2..32 1 .80
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Group Control T-I T-II T-m
Sex
M F
M F
M F
M F
TABLE II continued
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Test Diet Period Body Weight Data
Mean Body Weight (kilograms) Week:
24 25
26
2.17 1.80
2.19 1.79
2.25 1.80
2.21 1.81
2.22 1.82
2.24 1.79
2.51 1.83
2.53 1.83
2.57 1.81
2.30 1.81
2.37 1.81
2.35 1.84
Total Weight Gain (kg/chicken)
0.93 0.86
1.10 0.87
1.36 0.90
1.21 0.93
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Group Control T-I T-II T-IIl
TABLE III
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Recovery Period Body Weight Data
Mean Body Weight (kilograms) Week:
Sex 1 2 3 4
M 2.45 F 1.84
2.47 1.84
2.39 1.87
2.40 1.87
M 2.12 F 1.81
2.12 1.87
2.05 1.85
2.02 1.86
M 2.75 F 1.82
2.77 1.84
2.68 1.84
2.70 1.88
M 2.32 F 1.83
2.34 1.88
2.27 1.85
2.26 1.89
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2. Food Consumption The food consumption data are presented in Tables IV and V.
Food consumption data were considered normal for all test groups.
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TABLE IV
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Average Food Consumption (Grams/Bird/Day)
Test Period
Week
Control
Group T-I T-n
T-III
i 2
3
4
5
6 7 8
9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20
21 22
23 24
25 26 Mean
89 75 79 113 83 100 96 98 102 132 96 134 139 111 127 169 172 94 146 154 142 94 118 126 127 139 118
89 89 73 70 73 70 101 104 69 69 94 84 102 90 97 91 100 93 111 104 104 97 122 119 116 110 117 109 111 121 128 128 128 119 82 91 122 126 122 114 135 127 96 94 138 108 141 118 117 109 144 125 109 103
86 72 72 98 72 86 105 106 102 98 111 142 126 116 119 145 136 95 138 120 149 113 137 152 140 140 114
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TABLE V
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Average Food Consumption (Grams/Bird/Day)
Recovery Period
Week 1
Control 128
Group T-I T-II
158 130
T-m 167
2
150
166 119
158
3
4 Mean
155
168 150
177 159
151 147 163 139
203
201 182
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3. Mortality and Reactions No abnormal behavioral reactions were observed in any of
the chickens . Mortality, chronology and diagnoses are presented in Table VI.
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TABLE VI
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Mortality, Chronology and Diagnoses
Group
Animal Number
Sex
Week Died
Clinical Diagnoses
Control
771*
F
24 Unknown
T-II
791
M 12 Lymphomatosis
T-I1I
724
F
21 Prolapsed Rectum
* Sacrificed in extremis.
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4. Gross Pathology
Postmortem examination of all birds revealed no gross patho
logical tissue alterations attributable to the ingestion of Aroclor 1242.
B. Eggs
_
1. Egg Production and Quality
The weekly egg production data are presented in Tables VII & VIII.
The egg quality data are presented in Table IX.
Egg production and egg weights were considered normal for
all test groups. A slight increase in the number of defective eggs was recorded
for the group fed 10 ppm Aroclor 1242. No effects were observed in the
lower two levels (1 and 3 ppm).
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Week
Control
Average
Weight
Percent
(grams) Production/Day
1 23 4 5 39.4 6 40.7 7 41.0 8 42.7 9 46.7 10 47.3 11 47.6 12 48.4 13 48.3 14 49.9 15 51.6 16 53.1 17 52.7 18 53.7 19 54.0 20 55.0 21 55.3 22 55.8 23 56.4
24 58.0
-
2.0 10.0 20.0 29.1 49.2 62.8 65.7 60.7 67.1 80.7 85.0 83.8 80.0 86.4 81.6 74.0 75.0 79.1 81.9 75.9
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TABLE VH
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Test Period Egg Production Data
T-I
Average
Weight
Percent
(grams) Production/Day
T-D
Average
Weight
Percent
(grams) Production/Day
T-IU
Average
Weight
Percent
(grams)' Production/Day
-
-
34.0 38.1 39.2 44.1 45.4 46.9 47.6 49.4 50.6 51.3 52.4 52.7 53.2 55.9 55.2 55.7 56.3 56.7 57.4
-
-
5.0 10.0 17.8 36.4 64.2 72.8 75.0 82.8 87.8 82.1 82.2 79.1 80.7 79.4 83.0 82.8 83.3 86.4
73.5
-
-
34.4 37.3 38.6 42.3 44.0 45.8 47.2 48.8 50.8 51.3 52.6 52.5 53.5 54.0 55.3 55.5 56.0 56.3
57.5
-
-
4.0 7.0 11.3 35.0 46.4 65.7 67.1 87.1 88.5 84.2 83.7 81.4 78.5 82.2 84.0 73.5 73.3 80.7
70.7
-
30.3 36.9 42.1 42.9 45.9 46.3 47.1 49.0 48.4 50.3 51.3 51.6 51.7 53.3 52.7 54.1 54.4 55.2 85.8
56.8
-
1.0 7.0 12.0 23.8 43.5 70.7 76.4 75.0 77.1 80.7 75.7 80.0 75.0 80.0 79.4 71.0 70.0 72.5 77.4
80.4
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TABLE VTI continued
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Test Period Egg Production Data
Week
Control
Average
Weight
Percent
(grams) Production/Day
T -I
Average
Weight
Percent
(grams) Production/Day
T--II
Average
Weight
Percent
(grams) Production/Day
T-"III
Average
Weight
Percent
(grams) Production/Day
25 25 Mean
57.9 58.5 53.0
79.6 66.5 63.4
57.7 58.3 50.4
80.0 75.5 67.6
57.1 58.0 49.9
80.0 75.2 64.7
56.7 57.3 51.9
74.4 72.8 62.5
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TABLE VHI
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens Recovery Period Egg Production Data
Week
Control
Average
Weight
Percent
(grams) Production/Day
T-I
Average
Weight
Percent
(grams) Production/Day
T II
Average
Weight
Percent
(grams) Production/Day
T III
Average
Weight
Percent
(grams) Production/Day
1 2 3 4 Mean
58.3 59.7 60.8 61.3 60.0
74.6 74.6 73.0 65.0 71.8
58.1 58.7 59.6 60.3 59.2
78.5 72.8 77.1 81.4 77.4
57.9 58.8 59.5 59.0 58.8
67.1 67.1 68.5 77.1 70.0
55.7 56.9 57.7 58.1 57.1
76.1 73.0 73.0 84.1 76.6
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Group Control T-I T-II T--III
TABLE IX
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Egg Quality Data
Defective
Number
Percent
Normal
Number
Percent
Total Number
812
37.6
1347
62.4
2159
685
30.4
1572
69.6
2257
664
31.2
1466
68.8
2130
971
45.4
1168
54.6
2139
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2. Hatchability The hatchability data are presented in Table X. A severe decrease in hatchability was recorded for eggs
from birds fed 10 ppm. The hatchability of eggs from the 1 and 3 ppm groups was considered normal.
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Eggs Set
103
no
no
107
TABLE X
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Hatchability Data
Eggs Hatched
91 96 81
7
Percent
Eggs
Hatched Unhatched
88.3
12
87.3
14
73.6
29
6.5 100
Stage of Incubation
Full
Mid
One
Term
Term
Week
Infertile Eggs
Number
Percent*
3 0 27
6.8
4 2 44
3.6
12 5 3 9
8.2
39 21 25 15
14.0
* Percent of total set
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3. Specific Gravity The specific gravity data of the eggs collected and candled
are presented in Table XI. No significant differences were noted between test and control
group data.
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TABLE XI
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Specific Gravity Data
Normal Eggs Average
Number Specific Gravity
354 1.082
Defective Eggs Average
Number______Specific Gravity
812 1.080
Total Eggs
Average
Number
Specific Gravity
1166
1.081
416 1.083
685 1.080
1101
1.082
387 1.082
664 1.077
1051
1.080
321 1.082
971 1.076
1292
1.079
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4. Egg Shell Thickness The egg shell thickness data are presented in Table XII. The egg 6hell thickness was considered normal for all test
groups.
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TABLE Xn
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Egg Shell Thickness (inches)
Group
Normal Eggs
Average inches
Number
Thickness
Control
354
0.012
T-I 416
0.012
T-II
387
0.012
t-ih
321
0.012
Defective Eggs
Average inches
Number
Thickness
812 0.012
685 0.012
664 0.011
971 0.012
Total Eggs
Number
Average inches Thickness
1166
0.012
1101
0.012
1051
0.012
1292
0.012
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C. F1 Generation 1. Mean Body Weights and Viability The mean body weights and viability data are presented in
Table XIII. Body weight gains for chicks of the 10 ppm group were
slightly reduced. Chicks of the 1 and 3 ppm groups exhibited normal weight gains. Chick viability was not influenced by the ingestion of Aroclor 1242.
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TABLE XIII
TEST MATERIAL: Aroclor 1242
Toxicity and Reproduction Study - White Leghorn Chickens
Mean Body Weight and Viability Data
Number of Chicks Day 1
Mean Body Weight (grams)
Day 1
Number of Chicks Day 30
Mean Body Weight (grams)
Day 30
91
39.4
82
241.0
96
38.0
88
222.5
81
38.4
75
222.0
7
37.6
6
213.0
Percent Viability
90.1 91.6 92.6 85.7
Sue.
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