Document dQzjZJ27DNmzEajj3oB5kJbZq

R&S 107631 < TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH PROJECTS DIRECTORY Volume 5, Number 1 January 1980 An Indexed Directory of Current Research Project Abstracts in Toxicology and Related Fields Published Monthly By The Toxicology Information Subcommittee of the PHEW Committee to Coordinate Toxicology and Related Programs DHEW PUBL. NO.(OS)76-50030 SUBJECT INDEX WASTE WATER TREATMENT/DISPOSAL ROOSEVELT HOT ^SPRINGS. UT 1.0453 vNALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE 1.0477 RTEBRATES- REPTILES 4ITIATORS AND MEDIATORS IN PERIODONTAL DISEASE 1.0332 ENOM COMPONENTS - ISOLATION, CHARAC TERIZATION AND USE 1.0385 EPTIDES AND CERTAIN ENZYMES OF VENOM 1.0397 1TICAL DISTRIBUTION i Ecology: Population Distribution) IY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS ; Lipoproteins) SEL STRUCT. - METABOLISM r Cardiovascular System) TlO Microorganisms* Bacteria) ;aleukoblastine FECTS OF COMBINATION CIS DDP, VINBLAS TINE AND BLEOMYCIN ON HORMONAL FUNCTION OF NORMAL TESTIS 1.0015 ^PHYSICAL MECHANISMS IN LEUKOCYTES AND MELANOCYTES 1.0315 IRISTINE IOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS 1.0398 L CHLORIDE ZYMIC ACTIVATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL *OXINS 1.0355 MP1LE EXISTING INFORMATION RELATING O SELECTED CARCINOGEN PATHWAYS \ND INITIATE STUDIES TO SUPPLY MISSING NFORMATION (ABBREV) 1.0455 ALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING INYLIDENE CHLORIDE 1.0477 ^ PRODUCTIVE OUTCOMES ASSOCIATED /ITH PATERNAL EXPOSURE TO VINYL HLORIDE MONOMER 1.0650 3IOIMMUNOASSAY OF CEA AND AFP AS A CREENING TEST IN THE SURVEY OF EALTH OF WORKERS IN THE CHEMICAL INUSTRY 1.0651 .IDENE CHLORIDE \LYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING INYLIDENE CHLORIDE 1,0477 . CARCINOGENESIS lancer * Carcinogenesis) . GENE lenetics; Genetic Functional Units) ENCE AND PATHOGENICITY licrobiology) ES ticroorganisms* Animal Viruses) later Pollution: Pollutant Types) ,E LIGHT adiations) L SYSTEM ervous System) INS 'so Biochemical Analysis) >rbic Acid JANTITATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENT DIET ON CTEREMIC SHOCK 1.0092 HRAL CLINICAL RESEARCH CENTER 139 AwD INTESTINAL FORMATION OF NITRITE VAN 1.0180 Y ACTIVATION EVENTS IN IMMUNOLOGIC LAMMATION 1.0304 Pherol AND INTESTINAL FORMATION OF NITRITE IAN 1.0180 ONARY TISSUE INJURY AND REPAIR ?B2 In A NERATIVE CAPACITY OF CORNEAL EN- DOTHELIUM 1.0276 Vitamin B12 GENERAL CLINICAL 1.0116 RESEARCH CENTER Vitamin D Hydroxycholecalciferol EFFECT OF 25-HYDROXYCHOLECALCIFEROL ON BONE DISEASE OF ANTICONVULSANTS (HUMAN) 1.0142 VITAMINS IN DIET (See Nutrition; Dietary Components) VOLATILE SOLIDS (See Wests Water Treatment/Disposal; Waste Water Charectenstics) W 36095 EFFICACY OF TOCAINIDE IN CONTROLLING POST-MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION ARRHYTH MIAS 1.0643 WASHOUT - SCAVENGING (See Air Pollution; Meteorological Aspects) WASTE & WASTE DISPOSAL IN SOIL OPTIMUM UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE ON AGRICULTURAL LAND 1.0031 PHYSIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS REGULATING CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY OF TRACE AND TOXIC METALS IN SLUDGEAMENDED SOIL 1.0577 BENEFICIAL USE OF SLUDGE AS A FERTILIZER AND SOIL CONDITIONER ON AGRICULTURAL LAND 1.0581 DEMONSTRATION OF A SOIL SYSTEM FOR ECONOMICAL RECLAMATION AND BENEFI CIAL REUSE 1.0590 CAPE COD WASTEWATER RENOVATION AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM 1.0597 ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF APPLYING DOMESTIC WASTEWATERS TO THE LAND (CONDUCT IRRIGATION STUDY IN THE STATE OF UTAH) 1.0602 WASTE WATER CHARACTERISTICS (See Waste Water Treatment/Disposal) WASTE WATER DISPOSAL (See Waste Water Treatment/Disposal) WASTE WATER TREATMENT/DISPOSAL . Environmental Effects Environmental Effects -general MEASUREMENT OF QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF URBAN STORMWATER 1.0421 -- EVALUATION OF THE HEALTH RISKS ASSOCI ATED WITH THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER AND SLUDGE 1.0540 SYMPOSIUM ON WASTEWATER AEROSOLS 1.0546 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH EF FECTS REGARDING MUNICIPAL SLUDGES 1.0549 DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION CONCERN ING ANIMAL PRODUCTION EFFECTS ON EN VIRONMENTAL QUALITY 1.0592 SYNTHESIS OF A MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER SLUDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1.0616 Soil Pollution ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF APPLYING DOMESTIC WASTEWATERS TO THE LAND (CONDUCT IRRIGATION STUDY IN THE STATE OF UTAH) 1.0602 Water Pollution LABORATORY COLUMN-STUDIES OF THE EF FECTS OF PERCOLATION OF RECLAIMED SEWAGE EFFLUENT THROUGH NATIVE SOIL MATERIALS 1.0422 GROUND-WATER CONTAMINATION BY EXPLO SIVE WASTES. HAWTHORNE AMMUNITION DEPOT. NEVADA 1.0424 TREATMENT PROCESS FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING AND PROCESSING WASTES 1.0494 IDENTIFY ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDE MANUFACTURING WASTEWATERS 1.0495 ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC REMOVAL UNIT PROC ESS EFFLUENTS 1.05B5 DEMONSTRATION OF A SOIL SYSTEM FOR ECONOMICAL RECLAMATION AND BENEFI- .... CIAL REUSE 1.0590 CAPE COD WASTEWATER RENOVATION AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM 1.0597 ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF APPLYING DOMESTIC WASTEWATERS TO THE LAND (CONDUCT IRRIGATION STUDY IN THE STATE OF UTAH) 1.0602 Material Recovery & Recycling Material Recovery from Wastes PROGRAM MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH EF FECTS REGARDING MUNICIPAL SLUDGES 1.0549 EVALUATION OF THE ALGAL-MEANDER SYSTEM FOR ABATING POLLUTION FROM SECONDARY LEAD SMELTERS 1.0557 Recycling of Waste Water IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF MUTAGENIC/CARCINOGENIC POTENTIAL OF MIXTURES OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES IN RENOVATED WASTEWATER 1.0533 TREATMENT OF OIL REFINERY WASTEWATERS FOR REUSE USING A SAND FILTER-ACTIVATED CARBON SYSTEM 1.0591 Regeneration Treat Material TREATMENT PROCESS FOR CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON PESTICIDE MANUFACTUR ING AND PROCESSING WASTES 1.0494 Pollutant Type* POLLUTION CONTROL GUIDANCE FOR OIL SHALE DEVELOPMENT 1.0560 ANALYSIS OF ORGANIC REMOVAL UNIT PROC ESS EFFLUENTS 1.0585 AN ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF GOVERN MENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT POLICIES 1.0587 Agricultural Pollutants -gen. DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION CONCERN ING ANIMAL PRODUCTION EFFECTS ON EN VIRONMENTAL QUALITY 1.0592 Chemical Manufacturing Wastes DEVELOPMENT OF A STATE PLAN FOR MANAGING SPECIAL AND HAZARDOUS WASTES 1.0012 2580-WD1. ASSESSMENT. S AND A OF THE PAINT. INK AND PUBLISHING INDUSTRY 1.0558 LABORATORY AND FIELD EVALUATION OF PROCESSES AND MATERIALS FOR ENCAP SULATING CONTAINERS HOLDING HAZARD OUS WASTES 1.0575 Domestic Wastes AB INITIO IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN WATER 1.0473 EVALUATION OF THE HEALTH RISKS ASSOCI ATED WITH THE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER AND SLUDGE 1.0540 PROGRAM MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH EF FECTS REGARDING MUNICIPAL SLUDGES . 1.0549 AIR POLLUTION FROM MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER SLUDGE INCINERATORS 1.0559 REDUCTION OF TOXIC METALS CONCENTRA TIONS IN MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREAT MENT SLUDGES 1.0578 DEMONSTRATION OF A SOIL SYSTEM FOR ECONOMICAL RECLAMATION AND BENEFI CIAL REUSE 1.0590 FEASIBILITY STUOY OF JOINT REGIONAL IN DUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY 1.0600 ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF APPLYING DOMESTIC WASTEWATERS TO THE LAND (CONDUCT IRRIGATION STUDY IN THE STATE OF UTAH) 1.0602 SYNTHESIS OF A MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER SLUDGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1.0616 Food Processing Wastes 2578-WD1, ASSESSMENT OF PROJECTS. DATA. AND POLLUTION ABATEMENT RELATED TO FOOD INDUSTRY 1.0573 Metal Processing Wastes FEASIBILITY STUDY OF JOINT REGIONAL IN- R&S 107632 2-83 in the regulation of inhibition of uroporphyrinogen . synthetase activity by lead and other inhibitors, to learn how drugs, hormones and pteridine derivatives regulate this enzyme and the synthesis of heme, to extend these studies to extra-hepatic tissues, such as the bram, kidney, bone marrow and endocrine system, and to the neonate. The results of these ^investigations will contribute to our knowledge of ^Hkad and drug toxicity and its treatment. ^Bibliographic references: w.n. piper, r.b.l. ^vian bar and D.M. Hardwicke, Pteridine regulation of uroporphyrinogen I synthetase activity, in: Chemistry and Biology of Pteridines, R.L Kisliuk and G.M. Brown (eds.), Elsevier-North Holland. Inc., pp. 329334 (1979). M.L Sharma, P.A. Peters, D.M. Hard wicke and W.N, Piper, Sulfonamide inhibition of rat hepatic uroporphyrinogen I synthetase activity, Fed. Proe.. 38 (1979). SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept, of Health Education & Welfare. Public Health Service. National Inst, of Health, National Inst of Environmental Health Sci ences 556,823 1.0353, BTUV CHEMICAL PATHOLOGY OF ACRYLONITRILE BIOTRANSFORMATION A.B. Ahmed. University of Texas. Medical Branch at Galveston, School of Medicine, Dept, of Pathology, 300 University Blvd., Galveston, Texas 77550 (R01 ES 01871-01A1) Acrylonitrile, (CH2 equals CH minus CN), which is extensively used for the synthesis of acrylic fibers and plastics, is a potent acute toxin, a mutagen, a teratogen and a carcinogen. Yet little is known about the in vivo biologic actions of this reactive electro1 phile other than its capacity to deplete the antioxi1 dant glutathione in multiple organs and that a minor proportion of the administered dose is converted to cyanide which is excreted as thiocyanate. Our objective is to elucdiate the biologic fate of acry lonitrile. particularly to determine if this reactive elec trophile covalently binds to tissue nucleophiles by cyanoethylation in vivo as it does in vitro. Radiolabelled 14(C-2.3)-acrylonitrile will be used to monitor the uptake, tissue distribution and excretion of this compound as well as its proposed covalent binding I to macromolecules and formation of glutathione con; jugates. Sites and possible enzymic mechanisms of glutathione coniugation and cyanide liberation will be characterized. Effects of treatments which modulate ^tute acrylonitrile toxicity (cysteine, fasting and phe^Pobarbital) on its potentially injurious biologic reac tions. i.e.. cyanoethylation and cyanide liberation will be examined. These studies will provide a clearer understanding of the relationships between acrylonitrile toxicity and biotransfromation. begin to define the molecular events responsible, and guide future studies of the chemical mechanisms underlying the toxicity of structurally related aliphatic nitriles. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept, of Health Education 4 Welfare, Public Health Service, National Inst, of Health, National Inst, of Environmental Health Sci ences 545,063 I. 0354, ACLMN RW METABOLISM OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMI NANTS BY FISH J. J. Lech. Medical College of Wisconsin, School of Medicine, Dept, of Pharmacology & Toxicology, 561 N. 15th St.. Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233 (R01 ES 01080-05) The proposed research centers about an evaluation of the processes involved in the bio-transformation, disposition and bioaccumulation of xenobiotic chemi cals in fish. The presence of xenobiotic chemicals in fish has become a maior problem in recent years both from the ecological and human health point of view. The research in this proposal centers about the biotransformation pathways of halogenated hydrocar bons. petroleum components, chlorinated phenols and pyreihroid insecticides in several species of fish. In addition to identification ol the biotransformation products from these classes of compounds, the tissue distnbulion of both parent compound and me tabolites and their propensity to persist and bio-accumulate will be investigated. Since it has been shown that exposure of fish to Certain carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons can result in the induction of hepatic biotrans- Ikmation enzymes, the effect of this induction proc- Bs on the rates and pathways of metabolism of Ibecific xenobiotic chemicals will be investigated. Emphasis will be placed on whether and to what extent biotransformation products are distributed to or accumulate in edible tissues of species of fish. The information gleaned from these biotransforma tion studies may lead to the mechanism ol species selectivity of many water borne pollutants in addition to providing a data base necessary for future residue analysis of chemicals and their metabolites of foreign compounds in fish. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept, of Health Education & Welfare, Public Health Service, National Inst, of Health, National Inst, of Environmental Health Sci ences 524,631 1.0355^ BLTUW -ENZTSlIC ACTIVATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS F.P. Guengerich, Vanderbilt University, School of Medicine, DepL of Biochemistry, 21st Ave. 5. 4 Gar land. Nashville. Tennessee 37232 (R01 ES 0159003) Three forms of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 (P-450) have been highly punfied from livers of rats treated with phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene. These P-450S have been partially characterized using a variety of techniques of protein chemistry. P450 has a subunit molecular weight of about 55,000: 6-9 subunits associate to form a basic aggregate PI. Hydrodynamic measurements indicate that the PI species further aggregates to form P2, P3.... Pn in a manner well-described by an indefinitely-associating model with k. equals (Pn plus l)/(Pn)(P1), where both k and the molecular weight of PI are influenced by solvent conditions. Antibodies have been raised to two of the P-450s and used to demonstrate that 1) hepatic and extrahepatic P-450s are immunologically similar, 2) that hepatic microsomal and nuclear P450s are immunologically similar, 3) that different P450s are localized in different parts of the liver and 4) the human and rat P-450s share common anti genic determinants. Multiple forms of epoxide hydratase appear to be present in both rat and human liver; these various forms can be distinguished by amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobility, and immunochemical reactivity. The various forms differ somewhat in rates of hydrolysis of carcinogenic epoxides and are preferentially induced and re pressed by various xenobiotics. Alkyl pyrroles and vinyl chloride are activated to alkylating agents by P450s; in the latter case, an epoxide appears to be formed. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES: Guengerich. F.P.. and Mason, P.S. (1979) Mol. Pharmacol. 15. 154164. Immunological Comparison of Hepatic and Ex trahepatic Cytochrome P-450. Guengerich, F.P.. and Watanabe, P. G. (1979) Biochem. Pharmacol., in press. Metabolism of (14C)-and (36CI)-Labeled Vinyl Chloride in vivo and in vitro. SUPPORTED BY U.S. DepL of Health Education & Welfare, Public Health Service, National Inst, of Health, National Inst, of Environmental Health Sci ences S26.945 I. 0356, HLP AUOITORY EFFECTS OF LONG EXPOSURE TO LOW LEVELS OF NOISE J. H. Mills, Medical University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Dept, of Otolaryngology, 80 Barre St.. Charleston, South Carolina 29401 (R01 ES 01301-05) The major objective is the specification of the quali tative and quantitative facts of noise-induced hearing loss, particularly asymptotic threshold shifts in human observers. A second objective is to specify the audiometric correlates of asymptotic threshold shifts, particularly temporal integration, psychophys ical tuning curves, and physiological response as sumed to arise from the brain stem and auditory Cortex. Groups of human sub|ects are exposed to noise for durations as long as 48 hours. Measure ments are made before, and after the noise expo sure as well as during quiet periods interspersed within an exposure. The exposures are selected in order to evaluate the Equivalent Power Model and/ or to noise produce a given temporary hearing loss which can be evaluated with current psychophysical and physiological tests of hearing. Results are ex pected to have a significant impact on the topic of noise-induced hearing loss and in establishing crite ria lor the development of the acoustic environment. In addition, many ol the methods developed here have immediate application to the diagnosis and treatment of hearing loss and deafness, particularly in infants and young children. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES- Mills. J. H.. Adkins. W. Y,, and Gilbert, R. M. (1978). High Frequency Hearing Losses Caused by low Frequency Noise, Otolaryngology. 86. 821-823. Mills, J. H. (1978). Ef fects of Noise on Young and Old People, in Noise and Audiology, 0, Lipscomb, Ed. (University Park Press: Baltimore 229-241. SUPPORTED BY U.S. D_ept. of Health Education & Welfare, Public Health Service, National Inst, of Health, National Inst, of Environmental Health Sci ences 570,317 1.0357, CUTU SIGNIFICANCE OF BEEF EXTRACT MUTAGENS IN CARCINOGENESIS B. Commoner, Washington University, Center for the Biology ol Natural Systems. Linden & Skmker Blvd.. SL Louis, Missouri 63130 (R01 ES 019544)2) The proposed program of research is the second year of a project designed to identify the mutagenic substances formed in the boiling of beef stock and the cooking of beef tissues, and to establish the mechanisms of their formation. The investigations use the Ames Salmonella assay to follow the muta gens through isolation and purification processes, and to monitor experiments on the mechanisms of formation of the beef extract mutagens. In the first year a process for isolating two pure mutagens from crude beef extract was developed, and preliminary experiments with 14C labbelled ammo acids de signed to identify the parent compounds of the muta gens were begun. The second year's work will con sist ol physical analyses to determine the molecular structure of the two major mutagens; using Fouriertransform NMR. infrared spectrometry and high reso lution mass spectrometry. The identified structures will be confirmed by comparisons with compounds synthesised in the laboratory. The experiments and labelled compounds will also be continued in the second year, with the goal of identifying the parent compounds for the mutagens and determining their routes of formation. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES: P. Dolara, B. Com moner, A, Vithayathil, G. Cuca, E. Tuley, P. Ma- dyastha, S. Nair, and D. Kriebel, The Effect of Tem perature on the Formation of Mutagens in Heated Beef Stock and Cooked Ground Beef, Mutation Re search. 1978, in press.. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Dept, of Health Education & Welfare, Public Health Service. National Inst, of Health, National Inst, of Environmental Health Sci ences 546,064 1.0358, BCILV METHYLMERCURY EMBRYOPATHY N.K. Mottet, University of Washington. School of Medicine, Dept, of Pathology. 500 17th Ave., Seattle. Washington 98122 (R01 ES 00677-08S1) There is a progressive increase in tha general back ground level of mercury in our North American envi ronment. Inorganic mercury in the environment can be converted to organic mercurials in the biological food chain and accumulate in foodstuffs, principally as methylmercury. Methylmereury in humans, unlike inorganic and .some other organic mercurials, is widely distributed in body tissues, producing a differ ent pattern of clinical findings than inorganic or ele mental mercury. Methylmercury freely passes through the placental barrier. Little is known about the embryopathic effects of chronic mercury intoxica tion on the primate. The investigation is designed to uncover deleterious effects on the fetus at the level of human 'subclinical' exposure. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the threshold level of chronic exposure of pregnant monkey to methylmer cury which produces neurophysiologic deficits in the offspring. Other parameters in the pnmate include embryopathic dose range, pathogenesis of the ani mals, size of brain and viscera and molecular mech anism of injury. Rodents are used to determine the embryopathic mechanisms. Subsequent completion of the studies in primates will yield more information more directly transposable to man. Findings in the rodents will be tested in primates where subtle sen sory behavioral and intellectual changes can be tested. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES: Chronic methyl mercury exposure in (he monkey (M. mulatta). Be havioral tests on peripheral vision, signs of neurotoxi city, and blood concentration in relation to dose and time. E. Luschei, N. Karle Mottet, and C.-M. Shaw. Arch. Env. Health 32:126-131. 1977. Malignant mesothelioma with minimal asbestos exposure. W -J, Chen and N.K. Mottet. Human Path. 9:253-258 1978. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Oeot. of Health Education 8, Welfare. Public Health Service, National Inst, ol Health. National Inst, of Environmental Health Sci ences 59.936 1-41 R&S 107633 R&S 107634 and americium originating from nuclear testing activi ties. nuclear power plants, nuclear fuel reprocessing/ fabrication facilities, and uranium extraction/fabrica tion activities. Since man consumes large quantities ot dairy products and beef, evaluation of radiological hazards associated with actinide releases must in clude transport to man via the food chain from cattle which could ingest large quantities of these actin ides. Dairy cows and goats are maintained in metab olism stalls and actinide elements are administered by oral or intravenous routes. Blood, milk, urine, and fecal actinide concentrations are determined daily until the animals are sacrificed for determination of tissue nuclide burdens. The actinides administered are in specific ehemieai/physica! forms which include the forms found in the environment. A new study on the feeding of debris from old nuclear test sites to goats has been initiated in order to determine which of the long-lived radionuclides from the debris will be observed in tissues. FINAL OUTPUT: Comparison^ of 238Pu and 239Pu metabolism in cows. Summary report comparing studies on plutonium, amencium, curium and neptun ium. The results of these studies will be used to evaluate the radiological hazard of specific radionu clides via the food chain to man. RESULTS TO DATE: Report published on 241Am metabolism in dairy goats and cows. Preliminary data from 238/239Pu study indicated that the bioavailabi lity of 239Pu is not much different from 238Pu, which was predicted from the differences in specific activity and non-biological solubility studies. Report Cm transport in dairy animals to GPO 3/79. Sioavailability of Cm similar to other actinides. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Developmenq Environ mental Monitoring 4 Support Lab. $298,000 1.04S0, AGLMSW GRAZING STUDIES ON THE ACTINIDE CON TAMINATED RANGES OF THE NEVADA TEST SITE (NTS) D.D. Smith. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research & Development, Environmental Monitoring & Support Lab., Farm 4 Animal Investiga tion Br, P.O. Box 15027, Las Vegas, Nevada 89114 OBJECTIVE/APPROACH: The objective is to provide an assessment of the impact of radionuclide re leases on an ecosystem from data collected from tissue and ingesta of animals grazing on a contami nated range. Rumen-fistulated steers serve as bio logical samplers at six nuclear sites to determine preference for vegetation as a function of availablity and season for correlation with tissue radioactivity data to provide inventory information. Grazing rumin ants (cattle) will live and graze on one area of known radionuclide contamination for an extended period of time. Penodically animals will be sacrificed and sam ples collected for analysis for radioactivity. FINAL OUTPUT: Periodic reports are presented at the Nevada Applied Ecology Group (NAEG) informa tion meetings and published in tne proceedings of these meetings. Data will be used by the Department of Energy, NAEG. and other researchers to evaluate models and to delineate transport mechanisms and requirements for clean up of contaminated sites. RESULTS TO DATE: Food habit analyses of cattle ingesta revealed that shrub species made up the maior portion ol their diet. Grasses were preferred during the spring months. An apparent relationship between actinide concentrations in the ingesta and Eurotia lanata content was noted. Concentrations of plutomum-239 in the lung, liver, muscle, and femur tissues ot the Area 13 cattle were significantly higher than those tissues collected from cattle grazing other Nevada Test Site areas, or from Rocky Fltas. Co. or from Searchlight. NV. The gonadal concentrations of the actinides approached those of bone. These data indicate that consideration should be given to the plutonium-239 dose to gonads as well as that to bone, liver, and lungs for man. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, Environ mental Monitoring & Support Lab. $100,000 1-0451, ACFLMPST RETROSPECTIVE EXPOSURE MONITORING FOR SELECTED ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENS SO- Potter, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Oflice of Research 4 Development, Environmental Monitoring 4 Support Lab., P.O, Box 15027, Las Vegas, Nevada 89114 OBJECTIVE/APPROACH: Determine the availability ano locate materials which can be analyzed tor con centrations of selected chemicals. Suitable materials may include home or locally packaged foods, biologi cal specimens, such as tree rings, soil cores, pre served plants and/or animals. The selection of suit able samples will be investigated. Methodologies for collection and analysis will be documented. FINAL OUTPUT: A series of reports which can be used to estimate past' exposure of populations to specific carcinogenic or toxic materials released from industrial or agricultural sources in specific impact areas. RESULTS TO OATE: A preliminary study on tree rings has been completed and analytical data from neutron activation spectra of the rings for potential 'marker' materials transported with toxic substances is underway. Completion of a report showing correla tion between arsenic emission from a smelter and its concentration in annual rings from trees. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, Environ mental Monitoring & Support Lab. SO 1.0452, ALMNR SPECIAL STUDIES IN THE ATCHAFALAYA BASIN S.C, Hem, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research 4 Development, Environmental Monitoring 4 Support Lab., Water 4 Land Quality Branch, P.O. Box 15027, Las Vegas, Nevada 89114 OBJECTIVE/APPROACH: Provide data and consul tation to the Atchafalaya Basin's Agency Manage ment Group tor use in develooment ol multipurpose plan (or the management of the Atchafalaya Basin wetland resources. The Basin's productivity is a function of its unique hydrologic regime. Mainte nance of the high recreational and commercial value ol tne Basin depends upon management of the water cycles in the face of channelization (flood con trol operations) proposed by the Corps of Engineers. Special studies on water quality, energy fixation and, transport, and oxygen relationships associated with various hydrologic regimes and identifying pesticide concentrations in the Atchafalaya Basin were de signed to provide necessary input to identify the opti mal hydrologic regimes to maintain the high produc tivity of the Basin. FINAL OUTPUT: Reports will summarize the findings and recommendations for water cycle management. Informal data submissions provide periodic update to the Agency Management Group. RESULTS TO DATE: The Atchafalaya Basin is rela tively free of organophosphorus pesticides and only a few organochlorine compounds are present in the bottom sediments. Aldnn, dieldnn, polychlorinated bi phenyls and DDT and its derivatives were found >n fish. Mean nutrient levels within the Atchafalaya River Basin are great enough to support high levels 'of biological activity regardless of geographical area, season or water level. Dissolved oxygen levels in the Basin are often depressed which is detnmental to resident populations of aquatic life. Dissolved oxygen concentrations are the most important gauge of the Basin's water quality and its ability to support a wellbalanced aquatic fauna. The report 'Pesticides 4 Polychlorinated Biphenols in the Atchafalaya Basin. Louisiana' is in the line! edito rial stages. The report on water quality in the Basin is currently undergoing technical review. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research 4 Development, Environ mental Monitoring 4 Support Lab. S20.000 1.0453, LMR DEVELOPMENT OF A STRATEGY FOR MONI TORING CONTAMINATION OF PLANTS, ANI MALS. AND SOILS BY STUDYING AREAS IN ROOSEVELT HOT SPRINGS. UT G.D. Potter, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research 4 Development, Environmental Monitoring 4 Support Lab., Exposure/Dose Assess ment Branch. P.O. Box 15027, Las Vegas, Nevada 89114 OBJECTIVE/APPROACH: Develop a biological moni toring strategy by making a biological baseline as sessment lor Rooseveli Hoi Springs geothermal re source area: by collecting and analyzing plants, ani mals. and soils Ior pollutams known to exist in geo thermal effluents. Species and populations will be identified, FINAL OUTPUT: Report on recommended biological monitoring strategy to be used by Federal. State, and local governments to monitor the effects of geo thermal resource development. RESULTS TO DATE: Publication - 'Procedures for Using Fauna as Biological Monitors of Potential Geo thermal Pollutants', EPA-600/7-78-233. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research 4 Development. Environ mental Monitoring 4 Support Lab. $55,000 I. 0454, BLMST EXPOSURE MONITORING FOR SELECTED ENVI RONMENTAL CARCINOGENS J. C. McFarlane. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research 4 Development. Envirpnmental Monitoring 4 Support Lab.. Pollutant Path ways Branch, P.O. Box 15027, Las Vegas, Nevada 89114 OBJECTIVE/APPROACH: Develop needed research techniques, tools, and analytical procedures lot de tailed pathways studies ol carcinogenic chemicals in plant-soil system. Investigate various types of micro cosms. Study benzene uptake, utilization and degra dation as a function of plant-soil interactions and metabolism. FINAL OUTPUT: Report on techniques and methods for studying carcinogenic chemicals in microcosms. RESULTS TO DATE: Benzene is accumulated and metabolized by plants only after a penod ot expo sure. The induction process was demonstrated in four different plant types. It is related to leaf area but apparently does not depend on light for energy. Small exposure microcosms were tested end found adequate for these studies. The rate of benzene assimilation was found to be proportional to the ben zene concentration in the air during the induction period. This suggests that this phenomenon may form the basis of an exposure monitor. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research 4 Development. Environ mental Monitoring 4 Support Lab. S50.000 I.0455, > ABILMNTW '"COMPILE EXISTING INFORMATION HELATING TO SELECTED CARCINOGEN PATHWAYS AND INITIATE STUDIES TO SUPPLY MISSING INFOR MATION (ABBREV) J.C, McFarlane, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Researcn 4 DevelopmenL Environ mental Monitoring 4 Support Lab.. Pollutant Path ways Branch, P.O. Box 15027, Las Vegas Nevada 89114 OBJECTIVE/APPROACH: Identify environmental pathways of carcinogenic pollutants. Determine late of chemicals and transformation products. From lit erature source and use information, select carcino genic compounds for initial studies. Conduct labora tory greenhouse, growth chamber and microcosm studies on movement and fate of carcinogenic chemicals. FINAL OUTPUT; A series ot research reports de scribing the environmental pathways of carcinogenic pollutants. RESULTS TO DATE: Initial studies witn benzene show soils to be a probable meior sink for environ mental benzene. In soil it is degraded to 002 through a senes of organic acids. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office ol Research 4 Development, Environ mental Monitoring 4 Support Lab. $93,000 1.0456, LMflS PLAN AND CONDUCT FIELD STUDIES TO IDEN TIFY AND QUANTIFY THE. ENVIRONMENTAL LEVEL OF SPECIFIED TOXIC SUBSTANCES ARYL PHOSPHATES A.8. Crockett. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research 4 Development. Environmental Monitoring 4 Support Lab.. Pollutant Pathways Branch. P.O. Box 15027. Las Vegas. Nevada 89114 OBJECTIVE/APPROACH: This study is designed to determine the levels ol aryl phosphate compounds in environmental media. Two-phased approach is un derway. Field sampling has been completed at eight locations representing manufacturing, (ormulaling and use facilities. At each site soil, vegetation, air. water and sediment samples were collected. Labora tory studies are designed to determine (he potential late and transport characteristics of aryl phosphates. Controlled chambers in the greenhouse are being dosed with l4C-labeled tncresyf phosphate. FINAL OUTPUT: Report will be submitted to the Ottice of Toxic Substances, EPA, on tne results ol field and laboratory studies. RESULTS TO DATE. Aryl phosphates have been detected in soil, water, air and sediments at all lour 1-53 . 1.0474, , LM S SEASONAL 'CYCLES IN BODY COMPOSITION. * ORGAN SYSTEM FUNCTION AND ENERGETICS OF GRASSLAND BIRDS NEAR COLSTRIP, MON TANA M.L. Morion. Occidental College, Graduate School, Dept, of Biology, 1600 Campus Rd. Los Angeles, Ci^ailnifornia 90041 (R0O5S81-O2) JECTIVE: Measure and predict changes in popu- `in structure and dynamics of selected species of s as a function of endogenous cycles, exogenous ycles, or environmental (actors including relevant biotic interactions and physical factors such as air pollution. FINAL OUTPUT: Report that develops the capacity to predict the ecological impacts of coal-fired power plant emissions before damage occurs. SUPPORTED BY U S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research & Development, Environ mental Research Lab. S51.400 1.0475, ILMR DETERMINE THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF SELECT ED INORGANIC POLLUTANTS ON WESTERN AQUATIC SPECIES R. G, Carton. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research & Development, Environmental Research Lab.. Western Fish Toxicology Station, 200 S. 144 35th St.. Corvallis, Oregon 97330 OBJECTIVE: Determination of relationships between pollutant concentration and ecological effects. Single-toxicant and complex wastes will be used in laboratory research using a variety of aquatic organ isms. Field studies will be conducted to corroborate laboratory data, using as indices, ecological effects levels, tissue toxicant levels, and toxicant concentra tions and forms. FINAL OUTPUT: Output will be in reports which will be directly applicable to Sections 208 and 304(a) of PL 92-500. In addition, results will constitute specific input to regional and state agencies for water quality standards. Methodology developed will be applicable to Section 10 of PL 94-469. RESULTS TO DATE: Report on the determination of toxic effects of copper, cadmium, and zinc on Pacific Salmonid fishes. Report on Cd. Cu, and Zn on non- salmonids. Report on Cd, Cu, and Zn on Pacific N.W. invertebrates. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, EnvironHktal Research Lab. S264.000 I. 0476, ALMNW COMPARATIVE ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF SE LECTED CANDIDATE SUBSTITUTE PESTICIDE CHEMICALS USING A SUITABLE TERRESTRIAL MICROCOSM SYSTEM J. W. Gillen. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, Environmental Research Lab., 200 S. W. 35th SI.. Corvallis, Oregon 97330 OBJECTIVE: As part of the overall evaluation of ter restrial microcosm systems, compare the fate and effects of a variety of chemicals and to develop methods diagnosing the nature and degree ol eco system impacts or effects consistent with the dispo sition of candidate substitute pesticides. FINAL OUTPUT: Reports which will permit the Office of Pesticide Programs and other Agency groups to evaluate the applicability o! terrestrial microcosms 1o problems associated with the enlorcement of Sec. 3. FIFRA. RESULT TO DATE: Microcosm workshop and evalu ate thereof. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, Environ mental Research Lab. S206.000 r 1.0477, ' LMR -ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES FOR MEASURING VINYLIDENE CHLORIDE Jl Teasley, U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, Environmental Research Lab. 6201 Congdon Btvd., Duluth. Minne sota 55804 Obiective of the Study is the development and/or modification ol existing analytical procedures which will measure both qualitatively and quantitatively vmylidene chloride as well as its products Of degrada- environmental substrates. Techniques ol chro- raphy will be utilized including GLCO, HPLC ead-space analyses. Detection devices will ine c.. Ilame-iomzation and ultraviolet. Phase separations will be employed to separate the parent compound and its possible metabolites from various media. Aquatic animals will then be exposed to ascertain the possible uptake, accumulation and depuration of vinylidene chloride, as well as the possible acute toxicity. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, Environ mental Research Lab. 57,600 I. 0478, ALMNRW MICROBIAL DEGRADATION OF CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS RESIDUES IN FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS J. Savage. Alabama Agricultural & Mechanical Uni versity. School of Arts A Sciences, Dept, of Biology, Normal. Alabama 35762 (R803933) This proiect is a study of the microbial degradation of ehlorodane, toxaphene, and lindane by isolates obtained from freshwater or its sediments. The inter action of these pesticides with microorganisms will be investigated employing an aerobic system (shake flask co-metabolite enrichment) and an anaerobic (trickling filter) system. Parameters to be studied are metabolites, degradation rates, and the effects of pH, temperature and oxygen supply on the systems. PROGRESS: Microbial degradation studies of chlordane, lindane and toxaphene under aerobic and an aerobic conditions .indicate chlordane is more readily degraded aerobically than anaerobically. Microbial degradation of the three pollutants is enhanced by the addition of a carbon source. Final report on these studies is due June, 1979. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development. Environ mental Research Lab. SO 1.0479, A BC LM N R NEW LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETECTION SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS LA. Camera, University of Georgia, Franklin College of Arts & Sciences, Dept, of Chemistry, Athens. Georgia 30601 (R804155-03) Overall goals of this program have been to demon strate me feasibility of using coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy to identify pollutants m dilute (micromolar) aqueous solutions and to automate its use in conjunction with a liquid chromatograph. At the present time, efforts are divided almost equally among three aspects: automation, chromatography and spectroscopy. With regard to automation, con struction of the hardware for interlacing is proceding well and is expected to be finished early in 1978. Then, writing and debugging of software will be start ed. Because programming will be done in real-time BASIC, lor which many of the assembly-language service routines are already available, it should be possible to develop and test modules of the overall operating program relatively easily. The other maior aspects, the chromatography and the spectroscopy, will concentrate upon one or two typical polychlori nated biphenyls for use as test solutes. If time re mains, a typical polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon, nitrosamine, and carbamate will be included. PROGRESS; A fully computer controlled CARS-LC system was built and successfully, demonstrated. The final report 'New Liquid-Chromatographic Detec tion System lor Environmental Pollutants' was re ceived. SUPPORTED BY U.S, Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research & Development, Environ mental Research Lab. SO 1.0480, LMSW INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS OF COALFIRED POWER PLANT EMISSIONS ON TISSUE STRUCTURE OF SELECTED BIRD SPECIES BIRDS AS INDICATORS M.D. Kern, College ol Wooster, Graduate School, Dept, of Biology, Wooster. Ohio 44691 (R805370-02) OBJECTIVE- Identification ol grassland bird species which are sensitive to trie emissions ol coal-lired power plants and can be used to monitor and indi cate air quality FINAL OUTPUT: Report that helps develop the ca pacity to predict the ecological impacts of coal-fired power plant emissions before damage occurs SUPPORTED BY U.S, Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research 6 Development, Environ mental Research Lab. SO 1-56 1-0481, LMS CHARACTERIZING THE AIR QUALITY IN THE COLSTRIP, MONTANA AREA T.W. Ambrose, U.S. Dept, of Energy, Richland Oper ations Office, P.O, Box S50, Richland, Washington 99352 (D8-X0185) DoE will operate and maintain a research survey station for the Environmental Protection Agency at Colstrip, Montana, providing approximately 1 manyear of effort. DoE wil! maintain a scientist at Colstrip who will operate research equipment, as required by EPA, for the measurement of a wide spectrum of airborne pollutants. It is understood that these pollutants include the measurements of most of the con ventional air pollutants which are monitored by the EPA and will require daily calibrations of much of the scientific equipment used for these measurements. It will also require the transfer of data from the various analyzers to an on-board computer for subsequent analysis and transmittal. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research & Development. Environ mental Research Lab. funds n.a. 1.0482, ALMQ NON-POINT SOURCE MODEL - WATERSHED INPUT FROM LAND AREAS RECEIVING ANIMAL WASTES M.P. Overcash, University of North Carolina, North Carolina State University. School of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Dept, of Agricultural Engineering, Ra leigh. North Carolina 27607 (R805Q11) The objective of this grant is to develop a method ology for the evaluation of the contribution of animal wastes to watershed nonpoint source pollutant loads. Specifically, three steps to the approach are envi sioned: (1) establish a thorough, interpretive review of the animal waste literature data related directly to the plant-soil system; (2) synthesize descriptive con cepts and models which provide prediction of the changes in land-applied animal wastes with time and the transfer of these materials to rainfall-runoff liquid and sediment; and (3) translate the results from (1) and (2) into mathematical algorithms of functionality sufficient for incorporation into existing operational pollutant loading models such as EPA's Agricultural Runolf Management Model (ARM) and Generalized Nonpoint Source Model (NRS) or USDA's Agricultur al Chemical Transport Model (ACTMO). A modeling workshop ot "experts' will be convened to insure algorithm completeness and compatibility with cur rently utilized runoff assessment packages. A final report will be published and will include analy sis of available data, conceptualization of mathemat ical models (submodels) and formulation ol computer programs. RESULTS TO DATE; Papers on animal waste, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus soil transformation kinetics have been submitted to several refereed technical journals to dale. SUPPORTED BY U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research & Development. Environ mental Research Lab. SO 1.0483, ILMR CHEMICAL SPECIATION T.B- Hoover, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research & Development, Environmental Research Lab., Analytical Chemistry Branch, College Station Rd, Athens, Georgia 30605 The objective of the protect is to develop and evalu ate analytical methods for the identification and de termination of inorganic species in water. Voltamme- tric metnods will be evaluated experimentally with respect to sensitivity, selectivity, and minimum pre treatment of the sample. Means ol extending the detection limits of ion-selective electrodes will be sought Ion exchange techniques wilt be examined lor the preconcentralion or separation ol ionic spe cies. Spectrometric methods will be explored. Outputs will be a series Ol research reports evaluat ing specific analytical memodologies A gas-sensing electrode responded theoretically to more than 0.1 ppm dissolved molecular hydrogen Sulfide, but anomalously 10 lower concentrations. A prototype instrument for the direct determination of dissolved phosphorus compounds in water by llameexcited luminescence was subiect to canonic inter ferences Dillerentiai pulse and inverse polarography at mercury-drop and thin-Mm electrodes were investi gated lor the determination ol free ions of copper, cadmium, lead, and zinc. A literature review ol me health and ecological Significance ol incrqamc spe- R&S 107635