Document bOyad4E15yQ0m2vZawG0GwRO1
ST040826I
L 7 ^ n
<g> CAF
a
riaNRapid development of special processing plant for industrial
purposes has created a demand for special quality jointings for use at high temperature and pressure. Flexitallic's range is ideal for sealing superheated and saturated steam, air, gas, alkaline solutions, weak acids, ammonia, brine, oil, chemical solutions and petroleum distillates.
Range of Qualities
r-- Typ.
Description
Parmanite High grade jointing for steam service
Maximum Reeommended Service
Temperasure
Maximum Recommended Service
Pressure
540C 140Kgf/cm |1000F) (2000lb/lnJ)
Compressibility at 350k gf/
cm* I5000lbf/
in21
9%
Recovery 50%
Specification Compliance ------------ \
British
BS1S32 BS 2815A
German DIN 3754
It 400
USA 01170-62T F104-68T
P1161A 111 341M8
Parmanite High grade jointing 594C 140Kgf/cm*
Metallic with steel wire
(IIOtf'FI (2000lbf/in2)
gauze reinforcement
Permanite High grade jointing
Oil -
having exceptional
resistance to oils
-r _and.solvents
CAF 400
High grade jointing for solvents, hot oils and especially suitable for
refrigerants
CAF 9
Good quality jointing for general service
CAF 40
Medium grade jointing for general
low pressure service
Parmanite Top grade jointing Aod for most add v services
540*5 140Kgf/cm2 MOOCfFI (2000lbf/in2l
----------- ------540C 140Kgf/cm2 <1000F) (2000lbf/in2)
430C 70Kgf/cm2 (806" FI IIOOOIbf/inM 380C 35Kgf/cmJ (716FI 15001 bf/in2) 200C 140Kgf/cm2 (390F) (2000lbf/in2l
9% 9% 9%
93% 11% 93%
60% BS 1832 (reinforced) BS2815A (reinforced)
50% BS 1832 BS 2815A
112340M8
It O It 400
P1161A 111231M8
50% BS 2815A
ItO It c
112121M8
45% BS 2815B It 200
40%
3S% D-At.En 70142C
Its
112341M7
112000M8 4
Range of Stock Pipe Joints
Standard Pipe Flange Gaskets to suit ANSI B16.5 and BS1560 Class 150 and 300 Flanges are available ex-$tock in CAF to BS 1832 and BS 2815 Grade A with either graphited or standard finish.
Range of Sizes
Cut gaskets available from sheet sizes -- 1.2m x 1.2m (48in.x 48in.) to 6.1m x 1.5m (240in x 60in.) in thicknesses from 0.2mm, |0.008in.). For specifications requiring a larger diameter than sheet size a gasket can be made in segmented form with dove-tail joints.
Product development is constantly being undertaken and changes to the above specifications may be introduced at any time.
To Order
To ensure correct and prompt delivery please submit following data <i) Nominal Pipe Size (ii) Class Rating (iii) Flange Specification (iv) Material thickness and quality
Datasheets
Specials
For complete dimensional data on Standard CAF sizes please refer Data Sheet CF1/74.
If conditions determine the preferred use of a CAF jointing at service temperatures/pressures in excess of those recom
mended the Flexitallic Technical Department should be consulted.
hmturner
77V j newail
TM" unlT-D
Flexitallic Gaskets (Wood Bros.) Ltd., Station Lane, Heckmondwike, Yorkshire, WF16 ONE, England
Telephone: Heckmondwike 109241 405571. Telex: 557485.
Associate Companies in Australia, South Africa and U.S.A.
o
Publication CFSL/37/1.
PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT
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ST0408262
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$10408263
'fi-Stick Compressed Asbestos Gasketing
,3riock anti-stick reieasmg agent, blended into the surface of all Garlock compressed asbestos gasketing, eliminates the need for graphited sheet. All styles are excellent for severe service applications involving high pressures or high temperatures. Gariock compressed asbestos gasketing materials are especially use ful where heavy flanges and high bolt loads are commonly found, such as in steam tine flanges. Cylinder heads of engines, compressors and refrigeration equipment.
STYLE NO. . 1000
7026
aftnat C**
W ie incited White erysctiie asbCStOS w.5l
brfljfl Grty-blaCk
White ch-ysohle asbestss with S3R binder lew chloride
BUck
Hiftru** Ttww'c ik*i|(h Aeon |<i*
2*3 MPa (J55JPSI)
MrtfPa (20X PSl)
900/ 7735
- 7021
7228
7705
White chfysot-ie asbesteswith SfiR binder
Light yellaw
While cirysoMe asbestos *> S9R binder
Grey-black
White chrysolite asbestos with neoprene bnder -no su'phuf
Black
6'ue ciociaolite asbeslas with aetd-resistrg SBR fcnflef
Ciey-clack
19.S MPa [2826 PSl)
20.5 MPa (2373 PSl)
19.5 UPa (2923 PSl)
lOi MPa (1521 PSII
8748 \
While :i>solile asbestos with nilnle bnder
E'ack
7006 & '
7819 -
' Wh.le chrysctne asbestos v,th S5S binder
9057 '
Whre chrysetiie asbestos w<m reeprene binder -no ulohur
7815- Giey-Jlack
Black
25 0 MPa (3626 P5I!
!5.5Ma (2193 PSl)
?:iwpj (3588 PSt)
Cflftrs&bilitr, under SAX pj.i. load 1 Rearery
MTV ICV min.
7-17*. 40% mm
7-17V 40V mm.
7-17V 40*. mm.
7-17V 4 Ovum.
15-25% 40V it,n.
MTV 40*. mm.
7-1 TV 40V mm.
747*. 40*. aim.
Oil resistance *h 5 nrs. m: ASTK *3 eil f 2CC*F. Tuinesa increase Ttr.iilc loss
Fuei wisUntt a Hr S hrv m: ASTHflil. Fud B* P.T. Thicfc.nesj mouse V eifht mouse
20*. 35V
ISV 2Dv
Flexibility
arswd rod (diareter 16X tti ichsr than
sheet) wiDoel clicking
35*. 3CV 10*. 20V 55V 50V 50V 35V
25V 25V icv 15V 30V 20*. 23V 20%
Bends ISO* IlSl/'fl <od rciTele; 12X th.c?r than
sheet) wilhxi cack-ng
6ends 1WT around rod (diameter 12 X thtc'iji Irian
sheets without c'ac<n|
Bines 1B> iround rod
(diametei 17X thi:ei (nan sheen without cracVmg
Bends 150* arouid rd (diameter 12X thicker than she*!, without clacking
5V 30% 15V 7V 454 25V
7V 25% 15V 15V 25V 15V
Bends 133* around rod
(diameter 12X thicnei tnan
Sheet) without cracking
Bends 180* around rod 'diametei 1ZX Ih.cker man
shed] without cacknng
Bends !?0* around od
(fi.aneler 32X (h'Cker than
sheet >w>!nout cracking
Bends ISO* around ttf (diameter 12X thicker than Siet) wi'nout crac.rg
Density
2 SI | cci3 (1.35 :z. n.3)
164 'ciiJ (.95 or. 'in.3)
1 66 [ 'ts (,95c:.'.n.33
1.51 i 'em3 (.S3 ll./in.3)
1.57g 'em* (.31 o:. 'm.1)
1 44 g'em3 (.83 oz./m 5)
1.47 g/cm3 ( Booj/rt.3)
1 68 g/'c3 (.97 C2./lfl.,7
1 .73 2 ur3 (ID 91. m.J)
TVicLieae*
i.e.i/u.i/b
arkUbltfindies)
(indMl)
HiU
40 x 40 r 63
120 126
1/54. ].72, 1.16
3'32, ra.j/u 1/4
1/54, 132 1-16 3 '32. 1/8, 3/16 1/4
1/64.172.116 3.72.1/8
'.732. 116 372. 1 7
1 '64 1/22, 1/15 3 32.1/8
L
1/64. 1,72. 1.16 3,72. I'B
1 '64, 1 72.M6 3/32. 11
The fclloerini sues are available bt Style ha. 9011735. 7206. 7621. 7228, 77D5, 7219, 8748 & *057:
*3x4? 45x63
40x126
50x50 50x75 50x150
60163 60*126
12QU26 150x150
Tel trances m thicknesses (inches!
1/32* 004 1/16 .003
i/s .oes -.519
NkIi
Ribi to the "Standard Corrmeicul Taleiancw o( Compressed Aihesias Gasketing" chart on page 5.
AST74-D-U70-62T 1 ASTM.M170.52T |u.H-3-45 Class i
Grade P-1161A
Grade P-HS1A IA3TM.O-11X-62T
i*.L-G-17s33A lu-ai: P-1 j53 A
Grade P-I16IA 'M'L-^iriCA
mil-a ?o:ic
; jeP-iisiA
Class II
MIL ft-1 74723
HH-P-45E C'JSSl 'uL A:n:vai
SAE 790A
iSAf J50A
u!3de M.61A Gradi P-tltlA
MIL-A-7021C Class 1 AjTM-D-'. 170-6ZT Giad* P-1151A A)/S-2732i CAU90A
Case P-11S1A
ASTM-M170-62T Grade P-1141A MIL-G-I28Q2A
Grace P-U41A 3VS-3232J
Asmo-*ii7(Hrr
SAE J90A Grade P-1161A
ASTMM17M7T Grade P-I151A SAEJ90A
Giade P-II5U
Haw branded
Style mnbersSOO. 1000,7521. TOTS 7 228 7/25 and 87 i| ate branded with Gance* name and sye number thru 60". Over 60" sld. is unbonded unless otherwise soeCilied.
Unbonded
Untnnded
5
ST0408263
ST0L08264
Roberts--gaskets and bolted joints
173
effective cross-sectional area of the bolts. *1 pressure p* is applied to the vessel, the hydro* cc causes the boll strips to increase to a new value, holts increase ia length by an amount i. Sinmhaoce gasket increases in thickness by the same amount S, ^ gasket compressive stress is reduced to *fS. These .-i art shown graphically io Fig. S; the changes in bolt tn: shown to occur within the elastic range of the and the r -- 5 curvu of the gasket is shown in form- Tor the bolts
f'H -- *h " -- y Tk...........................17]
^ t\s the elastic modulus of the bolt material. For (he t. %. the e -- * restoration eurve will, io general, be a function ^ , io that we may write
* -/C'fu ............................... (SI
* this function is to be determined from measurements of . i!ormadon properties of the gasket material.
.ik-r this condition
*n*9 + ?;Af -
................................ 19]
' j{ is the internal area based on the inside diameter of the I. 4#t, D<. Substituting into Equation (9] the values of nit i-* iid Jfrom Equations (6), [7), and IS], we find
almost entirely by additional stress on the bolts, without signifi cant loss of gasket stress. On the other band, if Et is large (metal-
Jic gasket) and the ratio
is small compared with unity, then
ErAtl
almost all of the hydrostatic end force is taken up'by a decrease
in the gasket compressive stress, with only a slight change in
bolt stress. H is apparent tlmt low modulus is a desirable char
acteristic of a gasket material from the point of view of main
taining gasket stress for tightness.
Elastic Property of on AsOcsios Gasket. This section sum
marises some cx'pcrinients carried out to determine the v-i
curve for a typical gasket material. The material chosen for
these tests was "Cranite," & comprcsscd-asbcstos gasket mate
rial sold in sheet form by the Crane Company, and used largely
for high-pressure steam lines. The samples tested were 1-in.
squares, Y\i in. thick. Each sample was placed in a tensile
tester and a slight compressive load was applied. A dial gage
was then set on the machine in such a way as to measure the
amount of deflection under load. It was found essential to
place both the gasket sample and the dial gage at the center of the
movable part of the press in order to avoid errors due to cocking.
The first measurements were carried out by applying a compres
sive load and then measuring the retraction curve as the load
was reduced. This procedure was repeated for increasing initial
loads on each sample. It was soon found that such results were
nonreproducible. A typical set of such measurements is shown
in Fig. 9. The arrows show the direction of the loAd increments,
s
(*rt --
- P(A<-------')............................. [101
l I" > equation will, in general, predict the change in Avenge
: stress upon application of internal pressure, if the function j #,,) is known.
I t> a fimple case we will assume a gasket material which obeys
lr'slaw, 6o that
E. (*n -- n)
un
>:* I is tbe gasket thickness and Et is the modulus of the gasket i -serial. Substituting in Equation (10) for/ (,,, on) wc obtain
(<rn -- *,,) A,
Ty4t l+
ErK,l
(32)
similar derivation, it can be shown that the change in ` tirvts for the case of the Hooke's law gasket is given by
Fio. 9
('H-'n)A
P.A,
1+W
EM
[13]
a design of a bolted joint, **,, the allowable working stres3 'J-c bolts will be known, and A k will Dot be known. Hence a ' 'vtnicnt form of this relation will be
tn --
- ---- P'1`, ......................... |H1
1 + FEt*TPta
^ number of qualitative observations can be made from ex-
- 1 -Mien of Equation (12). If Et is very small (as, for example,
, E\AJ.
* fi gum rubber) and the ratio
is large, then vs, -- o,, will
| * indicating that the hydrostatic enJ force, p<A,-,i$ taken up
i.e., compression or restoration of the gasket. It is apparent that each retraction curve did not coiucidc with the following com pression curve, and that, when the compressive load again reached the highest previous compression stress, a decrease in thickness had occurred. This indicated that creep of the gasket was the complicating factor.
To test this possibility, & new sample was compressed to 10,000 psi, and this load was maintained while readings were taken at regular time intervals. The data taken during this period arc plotted in Tig. 10. It can be wen that Alter about 20 min, the rate of creep became very small although not zero. After this was done the load was reduced in steps and the increase in gasket thickness was meAsurcd. At each point it was found that a fiveminuto period under constant load was sufficient to insure a con stant dial-gage reading. Following the lowest reading at 1000 psi, the load was increased in steps up to the 10,000 psi applied initially. The resulting compression curve was found to coin-
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$10408265
2UK=4214 HQ5NR 1947 DKPLH / REPEATED DX.PLN 1942 012 1022
H J JRNECEK
DKPLH
FLUOR
COPIES..
D P ALLEN - HOUSTON E AND CS
H L JACKSON HOUSTON E AND CS
_L-SWWM-- DKPLH FLUOR
G VINK
DKPLH FLUOR
THE USE OF FLEXITALLIC GASKETS TO GIVE FLEXIBILITV IN FLANGE JOINTS CRN SE DETERMINED BY ASSUMING A 5 ONE THOUSANDTH 005/ DIFFERENTIAL ACROSS THE FLANGE FACE REGARDLESS OF PIPE SIZE. FOR EXAMPLE A 3/16
INCH GASKET WILL COMPRESS TO 8.138 ON ONE SIDE AND EXPAND TO 8.125 INCHES ON OPPOSITE SIDE. THE LARGER THE PIPE THE LESS THE ANGLE. FOR 29 INCH PIPE THE ANGLE IS ARC TANGENT OF 9.885/28. OR 8.8835 DEGREES APPROXIMATELY. INOULD USE 2 MILS FOR 1/8 GASKETS. THESE GASKETS PLACED IN THIS MANNER HILL HOLD PRESSURE AND HILL FLEX. IF MORE FLEXIBILITY IS REQUIRED THE GASKETS MAY BE STACKED KITH 1/16 INCH SPACER OF PROPER METAL BETWEEN EACH GASKET. THE GASKET SHOULD HAVE CENTERING RINGS AND THE SPACERS SHOULD BE CUT TO ID OF GASKET
AND OD OF CENTERING RING. THE BOLTS- AND FLANGES MUSI BE CHECKED FOR SEATING LOADS OF STACKED GASKETS. THE USE OF GASKETS IN THIS MANNER IS ACCEPTED PRACTICE BV PUMP OF MANUFACTURERS WITH LONG SUCCESSFUL HISTORY SO SHOULD BE NO PROBLEM FOR US. ALSO HE HAVE USED THIS PRINCIPLE IN TEXAS. HOHEVER IF HE ARE SPEAKING OF CONNECTION BETWEEN T-ONE AND E-5 I WOULD USE THIS FLEXIBILITV AS AN ADDITIONAL FACTOR AND NOT RELV ON THIS AS A PRIMARY FACTOR. THE ABOVE HAS BEEN DISCUSSED IN DETAIL AND AT LENGTH WITH FLEX ITftLLIC FACTORY RESEARCH IN NEW JERSEY.
y W SHULL HOSNH JAN 11 1973
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GOT VOUR HELPFUL ARTICLES OH GfiSKETING
THEY GOT US OUT OF fiN ftKHfiRB PIPING PROBE EH Br CONSIDERING 2 PERCENT OF THE GASKET THICKNESS TO S FLEXIBLE.
FROM THE LITERfiTURE YOU SENT I FEEL SRFE IN CONSIDERING UP TO 5 PERCENT TO 8E FLEXIBLE BND NILE PUT THHT IN NY RULES - OF - THUMB BOOK UNLESS YOU SPY OTHERWISE
TNKS HNO RODS
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