Document a4B42zKQ0gGbNo2eanpZ18RDY

AIR COMPRESSOR LUBRICANTS ' Bulletin number IC/FF-2 The Pydraul Air Compressor Fact Finder ... is designed to make the many facts about Pydraul fire resistant lubricants for air compressors--Pydraul 30E, Pydraul 90E and Pydraul 115E--easy to find. These safety lubricants for air compressors were specially developed to offer you: Safety from Fire and Explosion Pydraul reduces combustible mists and minimizes carbonaceous residues--greatly reducing the threat of compressor fires and explosions. Lower Maintenance Costs Pydraul reduces deposits on exhaust valves, in cool ers and in piping. You save the costs of compressor downtime and cleaning. Many compressor users find these savings alone justify using Pydraul lubricants. 0098601 MonsantoAIR COMPRCSSOR lU&RlCANIS BY TOWOLDMON0022141 WATER_PCB-00006610 HOW .COMPRESSOR FIRES & EXPLOSIONS OCCUR Every theory about the mechanisms of compressor fires and explosions hold one idea in common: petroleum oils are directly involved. Petroleum Oil Mists & Films Mist and accumulated films from petroleum oil in compressor systems can, under a variety of con ditions, break down into combustible gases and carbonaceous residues that can ignite and pro duce an explosion, a receiver fire--or both. The U. S. Bureau of Mines' found that carbon deposits in air compressors lubricated with petroleum oil form a "carbon-oxygen complex." Oxidation forms this complex, and accelerated by heat, this oxida tion process can lead to an explosion. Tho Shortcomings of Safety Devices Safety devices do not completely eliminate fire and explosion possibilities. A study on "The Mech anism of Explosions In Starting Air Lines,"2 based on an exhaustive survey of compressor operations at 53 companies, reports that a stuck or leaking air check valve permits the engine being started to pack the section of line between the check and air timing valve with an explosive "oil residue-air" mixture. A pressure wave will force this mixture upstream into the main air line--and coupling this with good flame propagation in the power cylin der, tho condition is laid for explosion in the pipe system. Air line explosions and fires may even occur with out the engine being slarted or before the ignition is turned on. Carbon and rust particles in a "hot" air line, due to operating an overheated compres sor too long--hardly an improbable condition-- can become saturated with oil. and with the flow of starting air, can cause these oil-saturated parti cles to flame. Explosion Tests at 1300 PSI The Walter Kidde Company, makers of fire extin guishing equipment, warns in a study3 that users of high pressure air should guard against intro ducing a shock wave into high pressure lines by suddenly opening a plug cock in air compressor systems using petroleum oil. This report showed that in a 1-inch diameter tube, the inside walls filmed with oil, a sudden admission of air at pres sures above 1300 psi caused combustion. How can you eliminate the conditions that cause fires and explosions in air compressors? Eliminate the source of carbon deposits, the basic cause of most air compressor disasters--petroleum oil. Substitute fire- and explosion-resistant Pydraul. 1. "The Carbon-Oxygen Complex as a Possiblo Initiator of Explosions and Formation of Carbon Monoxide in Compressed Air Systems," by Busch, Berger, and Schrenk, Bureau of Mines paper n.1.4465, June 1949. 2. "The Mechanism of Explosions in Starting Air Lines," by Ridgway, Robert S., Pelroloum Refiner, June 1958. 3. "Oil Combustion Phenomena in High Pressure Air Systems," M W. Weibel, Waller Kidde & Co., Inc., Report R-831, copyright 1952. 009860 TOWOLDMON0022142 WATER_PCB-00006611 Table 1 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Appearance Spec. Gravity 25*/25*C. Neutralization Number (Acidity) (mg KOH/gm) max. Moisture (max.) VISCOSITY Centistokes @ 1Q0T. Centistokes @ 21Q*F. Saybolts @ 100F. 2I0"F. "Absolute Saybolts" @ 100'F. (SSU x Density) @ 210'F. Pour Point Compressibility x 10-4 sq. in./lb. Maximum Exit Air Temperature Boiling Point *F. at 760 mm Hg. Coefficient of Thermal Expansion per *F. , Specific Heat (BTU/ib. F.) (@ 77F.) Thermal Conductivity BTU/hr./ft./eF. Bulk Modulus (Room temp. 1000-6000 psi) Solubility in water PYDRAUL 30E Clear Blue Liquid 1.150-1.170 0.15 0.10% PYDRAUL 90E Clear Blue Liquid 1.145*1.165 0.15 0.10% PYDRAUL 115E Clear Blue Liquid 1.145-1.165 0.15 0.10% 30-34 4,6-50 150 SSU 42 SSU 173 SSU 47 SSU --15F. 2.56 35G"F. 725F. 0.00035 0.36 0.0737 390,000 Negligible 85-95 7.7-8.1 415 SSU 52.SSU 473 SSU 57 SSU -fl0"F. 2.53 350*F. 805 F. 0.00035 0.38 0.0723 396,000 Negligible 115-125 8.9 9.3 565 SSU 56 SSU 695 SSU 61 SSU +10F. 2.52 350F. 820 *F. 0.00035 0.38 0.0721 397,000 Negligible Table 2--Vapor Pressure Temperature Vapor Pressure mm Hg PYDRAUL PYDRAUL c. *F. 30E 90E PYDRAUL 115E O 10 20 AO 60 80 100 150 200 32 50 68 104 140 176 212 302 392 5.0 x 10 1.6 x 10 5 4.5 x 10 s 3.1 x 10 * 1.4x10 3 5.6 x 10'3 2.0 x 10J 0.3 2.2 2.4 xlO4 aox ioa 2.4 x 10 s 1.9 x 10* 9.2 x 10* 4.3 x 103 1.6 x 102 0.25 2.0 1.0 x 104 3.8 x 10*4 1.1 X 10-5 1.0 x 10 4 5.1 x 10* 2.6 x 103 1.0 X 10 2 0.2 1.8 Vapor Donsity=11.2 compared to value for air of one (1). Compatibility With Metals Pydraul air compressor lubricants are compati ble with all construction metals including alumi num. Aluminum load bearing surfaces should be fiard-anod/zed for maximum equipment life. 0098603 TOWOLDMON0022143 WATER_PCB-00006612 FIRE RESISTANCE Pydraul fire-resistant fluids and lubricants have worked in industry since 1951, providing many mil lions of machine hours of fire-free operation. Never since their introduction in 1954 has any Pydraul fireresistant compressor lubricant caused a compressor fire or explosion. ' FIRE-RESISTANCE TESTS OF PYDRAUL 30E, PYDRAUL 90E AND PYDRAUL 115E TEST High Pressure Spray Test AM531S0C and Federal Test Method St. 791. Test fluid sprayed at 1000 psi through orifice, pass ing through flame of oxyacetylene torch, 6000F. RESULTS Does not flash or ignite up to 3V4 feet from orifice. Atomized Spray Test (proce dure used by Factory Mutual Engineering Division). Test fluid heated to 140F. sprayed at 1000 psi from atomized cone type nozzle. A torch is passed through this spray 2 feet and 2 to 6 Inches from the orifice. Local burning by torch at 6 inches and 2 feet from orifice. Flames self-extinguish imme diately when torch removed. Hot Manifold Test (Federal Test Method Std. 791). Tent fluid dripped on tube at 1300F. Does not flash or burn. Molten Meta! Ignition Test. Test fluid exposed to the surface ot aluminum alloy .it 1?00`T,. to test for spontaneous ignition. Does not ignite. Figure 1--Typical Viscosities -- PYDRAUl30E -- PYDRAUL 90E TEMPERATURE, DEGREES FAHRENHEIT > 009860* TOWOLDMON0022144 WATER_PCB-00006613 CONVERTING TO PYDRAUL IS EASY First, simply drain the petroleum oil and wipe the crankcase or lubricator. Thoroughly clean the exhaust valves and interstage equipment before filling the crankcase or lubricator with Pydraul. Pydraul will loosen carbonaceous de posits, varnishes and sludge. Unless these loosened deposits are cleaned from the system, they could clog pipelines and components, requiring additional downtime and production loss. Once the valves have been thoroughly cleaned of potentially dangerous carbon deposits, Pydraul lubricants will keep them clean--and let compressors run longer between maintenance shutdowns. NDARD CHECK FOR COMPRESSORS--Plastic separator bowls. Not all plastic separator bowls are suitable for Pydraul service. Certain plastics are "crazed" or softened when exposed to Pydraul. Bowls made of glass, brass, steel, and these plaslics--polycarbon ate, polyethylene, or nylon--are recommended for use with Pydraul. If you have a question regarding the resistance of a particular plastic, Monsanto will be happy to advise you. Diaphragm valves. Pydraul lubricants have a soften ing effect on neoprene and buna N rubber dia phragms normally used for petroleum oil service. These diaphragms should be replaced with butyl rubber, EPR (ethylene propylene rubber), fluoroelastomer, silicone or other compatible elastomer ma terials resistant to Pydraul fluids. Diaphragm sheeting is available from normal sources of supply. All diaphragms in unloading valves or downstream control valves should be replaced at the time of changeover. Diaphragms in valving downstream from separator systems or drying systems need not be replaced at changeover lime, but should be changed on a preventative maintenance schedule as soon as practicable after operation on Pydraul is begun. ^ air compressors supplying air for instrumentation functions, mist eliminator systems are recommended to remove lubricant mists and moisture from air streams. A Monsanto development, a Brinks mist eliminator is a particularly effective system, available from Monsanto in a series of low-cost mist eliminator systems to operate at all capacities. For information on a Brink series suitable for your compressor sys tem, write to: Monsanto Envlro-Chem Systems, Inc. 800 North Lindbergh Blvd. St Louis, Mo. 63166 Telephone: (314) 694-2286 (Joseph A. Brink) SPECIAL CHECK FOR SPLASH-LUBRICATED COMPRESSORS Crankcase paint. Pydrau! air compressor lubricants will soften and loosen some paints from crankcase interiors. These paint particles could block the lubri cant passages. For this reason, it is a good practice to remover paint from crankcase interiors before Pydraul is added to the system. Standard paint removers are adequate for removing this paint. SPECIAL CHECK FOR FORCE-FEED LUBRICATORS Sight-glass fluid, if a separate force-feed lubricator Of the type normally filled with water and glycerine ia used, one of two changes is necessary: either re place the sight-glass fluid with one heavier than Pydraul or insert a metal bobber in the sight-glass. Pydraul fluids are heavier than water or glycerine and will not rise through these standard sight-glass liquids. Fluorochemical 101. a clear liquid supplied by the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Com pany, has a higher density than Pydraul and is a completely satisfactory replacement. Metal bobbers. The alternate to using Fluorochemical 101 is to modify the sight-glass lubricator by inserting a simple metal bobber. The bobber is installed by draining the sight-glass liquid, removing the guide wire and inserting the bobber. Operation of the lubri cator is then indicated by movement of the bobber with each stroke of the pump plunger instead of counting the drops as with guide wires. Bobbers are available for either McCord. Manzcll, or Lincoln Engi neering lubricators. Modification of tho Madison- Kipp lubricator requires replacement of the entire sight-glass. Vacuum-sight lubricators. Vacuum-sight lubricators require no modification for Pydraul usage. 0098605 TOWOLDMON0022145 WATER_PCB-00006614 LUBRICATION DATA MIXING COMPATIBILITY DROP SIZE Drop size of a lubricant is important to determine an adequate lubricant injection rate to insure proper compressor lubrication. The rate of lubrication is controlled by noting the drops per unit of time. The drop size for the fluids tabulated below were determined by noting the number of drops formed at room temperature (75F.) on a 1 mm I.D. by 3% mm O.D. glass tip. (Larger or smaller drops will result if different sized tips are used.) Fluid Medium weight petroleum oil Pydraul 9QE Drops per cubic centimeter 33 39 When installing new equipment, it is best to start with an increased lubricant feed rate and reduce this rate by successive increments. Inspection of cylinder walls and valves will indicate the proper degree of wetting. Pydraul 30E, Pydraul 90E and Pydraul 115E are com pletely miscible in all proportions with competitive synthetic phosphate ester lubricants. Table 3 Falex Wear Test Pydraul 30E Pydraul 90E Pydraul USE WT. LOSS, WT. LOSS, PIN (mg.) BLOCKS (mg.) 0.1 0.2 0.7 1.0 1.0 03 Table 4 Shell Four-Ball Wear (167*F.. 1 hour. 630 rpm.. mm scar diameter) STEEL ON STEEL PYDRAUL'59 30E PYDRAUL 90C 4 kg 0.47 0.28 10 kg 0.50 0.32 40 kc 0.64 0.54 STEEL ON BRONZE 10 kg 0.46 0.35 40 kg 0.97 O.Cb PYDRAUL 115E 0.29 0.39 0.56 0.45 0.66 009(1606 TOWOLDMON0022146 WATER_PCB-00006615 USES BY MAJOR MANUFACTURERS New air compressors of most types and sizes pro . duced by major compressor manufacturers can be manufactured for lubrication with Pydraul. The manu facturers listed (below) have manufactured compres sors equipped for Pydraul, upon specification of the buyer, for over ten years. Many compressors have operated on Pydraul lubricants continually with ex haust air temperatures of3509F. Pydraul is also used to lubricate cylinders in compressors operating at pressures over 4500 psig. American Messer Corporation At tapco Bury Compressor Company Carrier Corporation Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company Clark Brothers Company, division of Dresser Industries Cooper-Bessemer Corporation DeLaval Steam Turbine Company Gardner-Denver Company ' Ingersoll-Rand Company Joy Manufacturing Company Kinney Manufacturing, division of The New York Air Brake Company Norwalk Company, Incorporated Schramm, Incorporated Worthington Corporation TOXICITY AND SAFE HANDLING Acute animal studies indicate that the Pydraul E Series Fluids can be classed as practically non-toxic when Considered as an industrial fluid. They are non-irritating when the skin is exposed to the fluid. However, this product should not contact or in any way contaminate food, animal feed, food products, food packaging materials, pharmaceuticals or any items which may directly or indirectly be ultimately ingested by humans. Any contact may contaminate these items to the extent that their destruction may be required. Due to their low order of toxicity, the Pydraul E Series require no special handling precautions. However, as in handling any chemical, good hygienic procedures should be followed. In case of skin contact, wash off with soap and water. In the case of eye contact, flush with copious amounts of water. While Pydraul E Series (Pydraul C Series, also AC Series. Santosafe W/G) fluids pose no serious problems with respect to the environment, as a concerned supplier to industry, Monsanto urges the user to maintain a tight system, to correct leakage promptly and to exercise care in the handling and disposal of this and ail other such products. 0098607 | TOWOLDMON0022147 WATER_PCB-00006616 CUSTOMER SERVICE CENTERS AKRON. OHIO 44313 260 Springsidc Drive Montrose Development Pork Tel. (216) 666-4111 ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30339 320 Interstate North Parkway Suite 500 Tel. (404) 432-7111 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02149 Everett Station Tel. (617) 387-5010 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS 3168 Des Plaines Avg. Das Plaines. Illinois 60018 Tel. (312) 296-6688 CINCINNATI, OHIO 45206 1501 Madison Road Tel. (513) 751-6707 DETROIT, MICHIGAN 600 Northland Towers West Southfield. Michigan 48075 Tel. (313) 357-0910 HOUSTON, TEXAS 77027 1301 Post Oak Tower 6051 Westheimer Road Tel. (713) 621-9550 i I LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90022 6670 . Flotilla St. Tel. (213) 723-2492 H NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10036 8 1114 Avenue of the Americas Tel. (212) 764-5000 >8 ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI 63166 SOON. Lindbergh B/vd. Tel. (314) 694-1000 $ SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA 2710 Lafayette Santa Clara. California 95052 Tel. (408) 243-0414 . I SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98121 2112 Third Avenue Tel. (206) 622-4203 WILMINGTON, DELAWARE 19810 Suite 204, Bancroft Bldg. 3411 Silverside Road Tel. (302) 478-4600 Monsanto Industrial Chemicals Co. A Unit of Monsanto Company 800 N. Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, Mo. 63166 h % i s l T t 0096606 Nothin]? contained herein Is to ho construed a....... ............. .. WII1I1I WARRANTIES AS TO THC FITNESS OR MLKCHA.NTAUU.rTV OF ANY PRODUCTS III! ERRED TO. i.w w. * lianco upon contained information or recommendations, and disclaims all liability lor any resulting loss or damago." 2-330BB I0??'44 LITHO IN US.A. TOWOLDMON0022148 WATER_PCB-00006617