Document ZB24yjrjQgKNL53b6DbONwaZ8

ATI-79 lUIJUTES of the Meeting cf the Teclinical Committee of the Asbestos Textile Institute held January 29 and 20, 1952, in Philad elphia, Pa. Ill ATTEHDAHCE: J. L. Tucker, Chairnan *r y ^ t-i py O T> t> V XjJju AMERICAN ASBESTOS TEXTILE CORP. E. C. Cutler JOHNS-MAIiVILLE CORP. K. Q. Beyard M. 0. Hahn ' E. R. Jackson . '. KEASBEY & MATTISOIJ CO. C. R. Frederick , R. L. Lanz . C. R. Meek J. Palermo . RAY3EST0S-MANHATTAN, IIIC. M. W Oliver J. M. Heaver SOUTHERE ASBESTOS CO. J. D. McCluer UNION ASBESTOS & RUBBER CO. A. T7. Summers RUTGERS UNIVERSITY M. C. Shav 1. The meeting vas opened by the Chairnan. First considerations vere given to (1) the calendar of meeting dates for this com L mitted for the year 1952 and (2) the proposed agenda for this meeting. It vas agreed that the calendar as presented should be tentatively accepted subject to future developments. It r.as also agreed that a joint meeting of the Technical Committee and Sales Promotion Committee should be held before the next general meeting so that the vork to be here carried on might be given consideration, and suggested that such a meeting should be tentatively scheduled for Wednesday, February 27, subject to the wishes of the Sales Promotion Committee. The Secretary rill correspond vith Chairman G. J. Harris concerning this matter. ' __ ' . Regarding the agenda, it vas unanimously agreed that the subject "Specification Revisions" vas of paramount importance at this time and should therefore be considered first, vith the vork continuing until a satisfactory degree of completion could be accomplished before proceeding to other items on the agenda. 2. The first discussion under the subject of "Specification Revisions" concerned procedure. Tvo methods of attacking this problem vere proposed for consideration: (1) Revise each of the several subject Federal Specifications and upon the basis of these revisions establish the characteristics of those cloths vhich should be included in the A.T.I. Standard Cloths list . and a Master Specification, and (2) Revise the A.T.I. Standard MT-002810 PRODUCED JM-83 MS 003406 ATI-79 cloths list so that it T/ould include all of those cloths covered by the several Federal specifications. Following this, revise each of the Federal specifications on the basis of the revised A.T.I. Standard List, It was unanimously agreed that the procedure (2) should be followed and the work proceeded on this basis. 3, Tables A, B and C herewith attached present the results of the first part of this work, . 1 i Table A covers plain asbestos cloths in plain, twill and broken twill weave. The listing covers twenty-nine cloths, including all of the original A.T.I. standard cloths (seventeen in number) with the exception of 17P28 which was changed to 17P26 and excluding 36H14, 44UL0 as originally listed is in cluded in Table C, covering wire inserted cloths. Table B covers the tensile strength values (grab method) for the'several types and grades of cloths listed in Table A, . Table C covers wire inserted asbestos cloths with nineteen constructions being listed. IJo tensile strength values are listed for these cloths, . 4, Qn the basis of the above tabulations the following revisions were recommended for specifications: S5-C-466 - Cloth, Yarn, Thread and Tape; asbestos. IIIL-C-10316 - Cloth, asbestos; for Thermal Insulation on Tilitary Vehicles. IiIL-C-4117 - Cloth and Tape, asbestos. vutrt- g mg' 'j MS 003407 MT-002811 * PRODUCED JM - 83 ATI-79 5. The next subject considered for discussion by the Committee concerned Braided Tubing. Braids having v;all thicknesses of 1/8", 1/16" and 1/32" were reviewed at this tine and a tabu- lation of the data presented is set forth in Tables herevmth attached. Since sone of the constructions appeared to be in consistent and perhaps in error, it rns agreed that these new tabulations should be reviev/ed by each nenber company inter ested in braided tubing and that the company representative should come to the next meeting prepared to arrive at sone ' conclusions regarding these specifications. Chairman Tucker stressed the point'that it v;ill be necessary to knot; the picks per inch for each construction in order to fully evaluate all of the data and asked that this information be supplied for braids in the tables that do not shot: those values. (The tabulated data covering the braided materials of Union Asbestos & Rubber Company appears on a separate page due to the fact that this information r;as received after the data of the other companies had been mimeographed.) 6* During the closing portion of the meeting the Fello\7 briefly discussed (1) his visit to the Ilaval Experiment Station (report attached) (2) the progress being ma.de on the project "To ' determine the temperature limits for the five grades of asbes tos textiles and (3) recent developments in the project therein 'aluminum foil clad asbestos textiles are being studied. 7. There being no further business, it ras unanimously agreed that the meeting be o.djourned. llyril C. Shat:, Secretary t MS 003408 MT-002812 produced JM-83 ATI-79 Specification 5S-C-46G, Cloth, Yarn, Tliread and Tape; asbestos 1*1 Types, grades and classes. - Asbestos cloth, yarn, thread and tape covered by this specification shall be of the following types, grades and classes, as specified: Type I. - Cloth Underrn-iters Grade - Hot less than 80^ asbestos, blue stripe. Class 1 -V36P10 - 2.25;/ per sq. Yard Class 2 - PI6 - 1.40j(- per sq. Yard ' Class 5 T12 - 2.40,/ per sq. yard Class 4 - 223T38- 1.375-,/- per sq. yard Class 5 - 25P10G- 1.40;/ per sq. yard Grade AA - Hot less than 90fo asbestos, red stripe. Class 1 - 36P10 - 2.25-;/ per sq. Yard Class 3 - S3T12 - 2.40,/ per sq, yard Grade AAA - Hot less than 95;$ asbestos, green stripe. Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 - 36P10 - 2.25-;/ per sq. yard - 23P16 - 1.40-;/ per sq. yard - 38T12 - 2.40;/ per sq. yard - 56LH0 - 3.50,/ per sq. yard . 3.3.2 IJnderT:riters Grade, Hot less than 80;$ asbestos, ' blue stripe. " COCO 3 Grade AA,'LTot less than S0>$ asbestos,-red stripe. ` .,4^ Grade AAA, Hot less than 95;$ asbestos, v:ire inserted, green stripe. 3.3,5* Grade AAA, Hot less than 95;$ asbestos, green stripe. MS 003409 MT-002813 PRODUCED JM -83 ATI-79 3,5 Type III, thread, sewing, -without wire. The thread shall be made fron yarn not heavier than 10-cut and shall contain not less than 75 per cent asbestos............. 3.6.1 Class 1, plain weave. - The tape shall contain not less than 30 per cent asbestos. The construction shall be 16`1 warp ends by 8*1 picks per inch...... 4 *o 1.2 Hygroscopic 2,Ioisture. - Five.test specimens, each weighing not less than 5 grans, shall be weighed and then dried for one hour to constant weight at' 105C to 110C (221 - 230F) in an electric oven, cooled in a dessicator for one-half hour and again weighed............ 4*3.1.3 Asbestos Content. - Five test specimens each weighing not less than 5 grams, and dried for one hour to constant weight at 105 to 110C (221 230F shall be placed in a furnace and heated for not less than one hour at 800 to 810C (1,470 to 1,490F) After removal from the furnace, they shall be cooled for one-half hour in a dessicator and then weighed. The weight of the residue shall be divided by 0.86-**- to determine the original weight of the asbestos content.......... --(Foot note for this section) The value obtained in the next section, 4.3.1.4, Chemically Combined hater, subtracted from 100 should yield the proper factor for this determination. The factor 0.86 is based upon an average theoretical value of 14# chemically combined water for chrysotile. 4.3.1.4 Chemically combined water. Certified samples of the type of well opened asbestos fiber used in the manufacture of the asbestos cloth............................ .. 4.3.3.2 Tape construction, number of ends and picks in woven tape. - The total number of warp ends shall be determined by counting the yarns in the full `width of the tape; Y/hen possible, in determining the ends per inch, start the count 1/4 inch fron the selvage and divide this number by the width - over T.'hich the count -was made...,............. 6.1.1 Type I, Underwriters Grade...................... .. 6.1.2 Type Ii Grade AA..................... .. 6.1.3 Type Ii Grade AAA....................... 6.1.4 Type I, Grade AAA,............. 6.5.1 Cloth. Asbestos cloth is normally available in'a width of 40 inches. Unless otherwise specified, the cloth'shall be furnished in rolls in length of 50 yards, plus or minus 5 yards. Ten per cent of the total number of rolls may contain more than one piece of cloth in the roll. MT-002814 MS 003410 PRODUCED JM - 83 ATI-79 7.2.2.1..........(Section to be continued'as follows:) Or, for domestic shipnents only, each roll nay be mapped in 2007]'- Test, B Flute, corrugated, multiscored and slotted sheet. This sheet, of suitable size, shall have tr;o horizontal scores correspond ing to edges of roll and shall have eight vertical scores evenly spaced along sheet, vith nine slot ted flaps at top and botton. This is to be v;rapped around roll and sealed along longitudinal scan r/ith 5/8 x 1-3/8" long staples, or three inch sisal or cloth tape, and ends are to be lapped over and 1 sealed r/ith silicate adhesive. 7.2.2.3 Tape. Tape shall be r/ound in rolls of length and r/idths as specified in the contract or order. 7.2.3.1.1 Cloth. - Each roll of cloth, r/hen mapped r/ith kraft paper as specified in 7.2.2.1 shall be inserted ino a bias serai tubing (osnaburg or burlap)................... .. MS 003411 MT-002815 PRODUCED JM-83 ATI-79 Specification IUL-C-10316. Cloth, Asbestos: For Thermal Insulation on Military Vehicles. 1.2 Grades. - Asbestos cloth shall be of the following grades as specified (see 6.2): * Underwriters Grade (3) - Hot less than 8C# asbestos Grade A (D)------ Hot less than 85^ asbestos Grade AA (C) Hot less than 90 asbestos _ ; Grade AAA (A and B)--Hot less than 95^ asbestos ' 5.2 ' Construction. - Harp and filling of the asbestos cloth shall be in accordance with tables I and II, as determined in accordance with the cloth construction requirements of Specification CCC-T-191. The number of ends and picks shall not vary more than plus or minus one from the nominal values shown in the tables. . . . 5.2*2 Weave. - Plain weave cloth shall have warp threads passed alternately over and under the filling picks. Twill weave shall be one up and two dorm in the warp and filling respectively. Broken trail weave shall be one up and three _ down in the warp and filling respectively. All cloths with 27 ends per inch or more shall be twill weave. 5.2.4.1 Width. - The width of asbestos cloth shall be 40 inches, plus or minus not more than 1/2 inch, unless other wise specified, (see 6.3). 3.2.4.2 Thickness. - The thickness of asbestos cloth shall not vary from that specified in tables I and II by more than the following: Hominal Thickness, In. Pernissable Variations,In. 0.050 and under over 0.050 * 0.005 ft 0.010 - 0.005 MS 003412 3.2.4.3 Length. - Unless otherwise specified the asbestos cloth-shall be furnished in rolls in'length of 50 linear yards, plus or minus 5 yards, (see 6.3) 3.3.2 Chemically combined water. - Certified samples of the type of well opened asbestos fiber used in the manufacture of the asbestos cloth shall contain-not less than 12 by weight of chemically combined water, when tested in accord' ance with 4.3.4 5.3*3' Breaking strength. - When tested in accordance with 4.3.5, the average breaking strength of type I (without wire insertion) asbestos cloth shall not fall below the values specified in table III. PRODUCED MT-002816 JM-83 ATI-79 3.4 Identification. - Unless othervd.se specified, a colored stripe shall be v7oven in each selvage edge of the cloth, as follows: Underwriters Grade --Blue Grade A-------------------- --Yellow Grade AA------------------ --Red Grade AAA---------------- --Green Grade AAAA--------------- --Grey 4.3.4 Chemically combined water. - Certified samples of the type of well-opened asbestos fiber free from cotton or other organic fibers, used in the manufacturing ...(Sane as text) 4.3.5.2 After heating. - (The Asbestos Textile Institute, through the Technical Committee, has been investigating the "Heat Aging Test" as here applicable for the past year and, al'though we do'not at present have specific recommendations in this regard, we do have a considerable amount of experi mental data to support our contention that the test as pre sently conceived is meaningless because of differences in procedural techniques. It is our recommendation that all references to the characteristics of cloths under this test be waived until definite recommendations are available.) 5.1 Packaging and packing. - The asbestos cloth shall be packaged in rolls covered with Kraft paper. Thp paper shall be covered with water-proof barrier-material ifc accordance with Specification JAIT-P-125, type B-2, and over\/rapped with suitable cloth, flat-or tubing. The baling material shall be tied at the ends, the longitudenal edges fully sewn or secured, and held in position by wire straps around the circumference of the roll. 6.3 Commercial si2es. - Asbestos cloth is normally avail- ' able in a width of 40 inches but may be supplied in special r:idths, if desired. Unless otherwise specified the cloth shall be furnished in rolls in length of 50 yards, plus or minus 5 yards. Ten per cent of the total number of rolls may contain more than one piece of cloth in the roll. t MS 003413 IWT-002817 PRODUCED JM -83 ATI-79 Tabic I. Physical properties of type I (vithout rare insertion) asbestos cloth Grade (see 1.2) Hea.ve Non. Ht. Thick. Harp Filler Harp Filling Jfti. rin t1 lb. per yarn Yarn ends picks' Desig. sq. yd. ' . (1) (1) per in. per in. Und. P 1.50 0.052 10-2 10-2 9 9 24P10 ft P 1.87 0.060 14-2 14-2 20 10 30P14 V P 1.87 0.060 10-2 10-1 16 10 30P10 ft P 2.25 0.070 10-2 10-2 18 9 36P10 v P 2.50 0.075 10-2 10-2 20 10 40P10 it BT 2.50 0.070 14-2 14-2 27 14 40BT14 tt DC 4.75 0.135 10-2 10-2 37 16 76P10DC a' P 1.75 0.060 16-2 16-2 24 10 23P16 A 'P 1.87 0.060 14-2 14-2 20 10 30P14 A ; P. " 2.50 0.075 10-2 10-2 20 10 40P10 AA P 1.35 0.040 16-2 16-2 14 n P 1.87 0.060 14-2 14-2 20 tt P 2.25 0.070 10-2 10-2 18 n P 2.50 0.075 10-2 10-2 20 13 22P16 10 30P14 9 36P10 10 40P10 AAA P it P it T it T tt T 2.10 2.40 3.00 3.33 3.50 .0.062 0.065 0.075 0.030 0.085 10-2 10-2 12-2 12-2 12-2 12-2 12-2 12-2 . 8-2 8-2 16 20 30 36 24 8 12 10 12 7 33P10 38P12 48T12 53T12 56T8 Botes: (l) Figures proceeding hyphen indicate yarn cut; figure following hyphen indicates number of plies. P--Plain Heave T--Tnill Heave BT-Brokcn Tv/ill Heave DC-Double Cloth Table II. Physical Properties of type II (vire inserted) asbestos cloth A P 2.00 P 2.38 n P 2.50 tt P 2.75 tt P 3.00 n P 3.00 tt P 3.45 It P 3.50 8-1-1 8-1-1 14 14 4-1-1 8-1-1 16 11 12-2-2 12-2-1 18 9 8-2-2 8-1-1 14 10 10-2-2 10-2-2 16 7 8-2-2 8-1-1 16 10 8-2-2 8-2-2 16 7 10-2-2 10-2-2 20 9 32118 401H2 44118 4810.0 48118 5 6 LUO AA P 2.75 it P 3.25 14-2-1 14-2-1 20 10-2-1 10-2-1 20 10 10 4410.4 52ia0 AAA P 2.75 8-2-2 8-1-1 14 10 44118 Bote for table II: (1) First figure signifies number of cut; IMS 003414 second figure, number of plies; and third figure, number of v.'ires. PRODUCED MT-002818 JM-83 ATI-79 \ Table III. Jlininun breaking str type I (without i ;ire Grade (see 1.2) Non. TJt. lb. per sq. yd. - As receive Uarp Fii: After her.ting for 1 hour TJarp Filling Ktg. Tenp. dog. F. Und. n d H n n d 1.50 1.87 1.87 2.25 2.50 2.50 4.75 45 100 - 90 95 115 125 175 40 45 20 40 45 45 90 A 1.75 100 35 d 1.87 ' 90 40 d 2.50 105 45 AA H d d AAA d d d d 1.35 1.87 2.25 2.50 2.10 2.40 3.00 3.33 o . 50 47 51 80 30 90 35 100 40 80 30 100 35 150 50 200 60 160 40 MS 003415 MT-002819 PRODUCED JM-83 ATI-79 Specificaticn EIL-C-4117. Cloth and Tape, Asbestos, 1,2.2 Grade. Commercial grade (asbestos content not less than 75 per cent) black stripe. Cornerdial grade-rare inserted (asbestos content not less than 75 per cent) black stripe. Grade AAA (Asbestos content not less than 95 per cent) green stripe. '< Grade AAA Uire inserted (Asbestos content not less than 95 per cent) green stripe, 5.1.1 Asbestos.-The asbestos used in the yarn to manufacture the cloth and tape shall be good quality chrysotile. It sliall contain no rubber or other filling materials, except organic fibers. - 5.1.2 T7ire....(2nd sentence sliall read) The rire shall be soft brass. 3.2.1.1 Colored stripe selvage. Unless otherv/ise specified herein, the cloth shall have a colored organic yarn voven in each selvage edge of the color indicated in table I. 3.3.1 Cloth. - Unless otherwise specified, the cloth shall be furnished in rolls in lengths of 50 yards, plus or minus 5 yards. Ten percent of the total number of rolls nay contain more than one piece of cloth in the roll. 3.4 Larking, - Each roll of asbestos cloth or tape shall have a ticket securely attached. The ticket shall be made of heavy cardboard end be provided v;ith a reinforced eyelet for attaching. The ticket shall have..................... MS 003416 WIT-002820 PRODUCED JM - 83 ATI-79 > dd d d -H 1""1 kP. c dd P. H tV < 4>- Hh CO 03 o EH O Pt, 03C- H<i O LO H H oo H * l dd d d -H r^, 'CtoTI d cj 4f H 44 O' Pc H O 44 O Eh O A, r"t CO <* O 03 if o t44 o 03 < w to to 'oCd'o3d'o3c g in a> in 03 03 03 3 CO CO to dd <1 < in cr> in d 03 d 03 [3 to oHOin H OO H 4- 1 0- to o d d << d -H r-t H h!:j o p Pc d d 44 44 o CO . ro r> EH r--i H PQ Uc <1-<{ oo H^ O 44 in C" 9 03 H 03 H O O CO 6 *3 6 o4 in to d 0) do co a E- 03 03 H O -o CO <s o in ho OO HH 4- I C- 34 d in 44 d iJ--=>l d dc O H dd H 44- H 4f- 44 O > H H o o o o in d EH Ef pq A. C3 H ^ O 03 03 03 iHnm no Jo3 in in H < Ac co ^ o c co o o o O H!? d 03 -P P ^ CO -P d 3CO d PH 3 3Pc a Pc &o d rs to CO >d A o rd d^ H d d CO d to i--d- --'34 o o dP Pc rj PP*-H cj Pc PP^> d--'jp H Pc O do p to coj CO P CO a uo_ 'CH H CO o Pi O H O O a>a o L' d duo a eh p*d Pj d ^d -pHq H H -fHit 'P3 rH l' -s-< *oH -d EH /-S * c1 d +oJcrjqPKC0 G to O -d d p p H t3 o to d to 3 ds d a oo ao o d H ft d Pc > Pc d d H d to a Pc to o c Pi Pi PP d d-d d cn rd PCO PCQ O H *H 6 O P-fH Pi PccP ph o tOH CO Pi d'-' tom a -h d H cvd H p H u d -H -H to d d Pi Pc H O P, H CO "CiJ , *ArlcAP j^CoA*Hc <c o rd CO O P CO o >>: pq Ac H d h d H O Pc a Of P3 dp m o co < Pc d P P d a o H to Pc O Pc U P Pc Q " toB CO Pi d d H Pi-Od tH)XiHj O Pdi d H H H d Pi n pq a pi H MS 003417 MT-002821 PRODUCED MINUTES of the lie w Technical Committee of the Asbestos`Textile Institute held March 26, 1952, at Charlotte, North Carolina IN ATTENDANCE: J. L. Tucker, Chairman JOHNS-MANVILLE COKP. JOHNS-MANVILLE CORP R. Jackson SOUTHERN ASBESTOS CO, J. D. MeCluer KEASB2Y & MATTISON CO C. R. Frederick UNION ASBESTOS 6= RUBBER CO A. V/. Summers RAYBESTOS-MANHATTAN, INC. M. II. Oliver 1. The meeting was called to order by Chairman Tucker and a review of the specifications for the master list of Asbestos Textile Institute cloths was first undertaken. The cloth specification tabulation, dated March 26, 1952, which was prepared in the office of the Chairman served as the basis for these considerations and the following corrections and changes were recommended: 1) Cloths 23P18, 25P13 and 33P10. The tensile strengths and grades of these cloths are to be checked. 2) Cloth 34P18. This cloth is to be checked for thickness, weight, tensile strengths and grades. 3) Cloth 17P24. The filling yarn in this cloth should be 2420 instead of 2430. 4) An additional cloth was recommended for insertion between 20P28 and 22BT30* This new cloth will have the following characteristics: Weight--1.33 lbs/sq. yd. (?) A.T.I. Designation--21P10 Thickness--? Ends/inch--8 Picks/inch--8 Warp yarn--1020 Filling yarn--1020 Grades--C - U (?) Tensile Strength (?) 5) Cloth 29P10. The filling yarn in this cloth should be 1010 instead of 1020. MT-002822 MS 003418 PRODUCED ATI-79 6) Cloth 29P14. The thickness of this cloth should be .058 instead of .065 and the filling yarn should be 1420 instead of 1410. 7) Cloth 36P10. The thickness of this cloth should be .065 instead of .070. 8) Cloth 38P12. The thickness, weight, tensile strengths and grades of this cloth are to be further checked. 9) An additional cloth was recommended for insertion between 40J3T14 and 48P10. This new cloth will have the following characteristics: Height--2.50 lbs/sq. in. A.T.I. Designation--40H14 Thickness--.070 (?) Ends/inch--27 Picks/inch--14 Warp yarn--1420 Filling yarn--1420 Grades-- C - U (?) Tensile Strength--(?) (?) 10) Cloth 56T8. To be checked for thiclaiess, weight and tensile strengths. 11) Cloth 59T12. This cloth is to be checked for thiclaiess, n weight and tensile strength and to determine whether the construction should be 40 by 14 or 36 by 14. An addi tional grade AAA should be carried in this cloth. 12) Cloths 48L0.0 and 64LEL0. These cloths are to be checked for thickness. 2. Following the work on cloth specifications, consideration was given to the braided tubing specifications and the latest tabu lation of this data was reviewed. Most of the member companies have furnished the required data covering the several varieties each supplies, however, there is some question as to whether all of the "feet per pound" determinations were made upon the same basis. -It was therefore agreed that each member should estab lish and report this information on the "flat" basis and not on the basis of the "mandrel method" of measurement. 3. During the aourse of this meeting the Sales Promotion Committee joined the Technical Committee and subjects of mutual interest were discussed. Subjects considered at this time included; (1) Glass-asbestos combination cloths. Mr. Tucker dis cussed recent developments in the use of glass fiber staples in the construction of glass-asbestos combination textiles. It was revealed that several member companies are investigating the possibilities of these constructions and it was revealed that heretofore objectionable features such as the hygienic problem MS 003419 MT-002823 PRODUCED JM-83 ATI-79 and the availability of the desirable type oi fiber are being successfully overcome. Advantages to be realized through such materials include increased tensile strength and an up grading of quality through the incorporation of the inorganic glass fiber constituent* However, it was pointed out that the tensile strength improvement is not a factor at temperatures above 625 to 650F., at which point the elevated temperatures serve to impair the strength characteristics of the glass and the overall cloth strength is therewith reduced. In concluding this discus sion it was generally agreed that since glass-asbestos combina tions appear to offer some degree of relief in fiber supply and may permit the production of a new line of materials which will compliment or perhaps compete with some of the present asbestos constructions, it would be advisable for all members to maintain a constant contact with the developments in this field. (2) Temperature limits of asbestos textiles. The Fellow prepared a report for distribution at this meeting covering temperature limits for asbestos textiles and it was the opinion of the Sales Promotion Committee that some of this work should be used in the publicity work of that committee. It was agreed that the Technical Committee should endeavor to verify the findings reported by the Fellow and report their results to the Sales Promotion Committee so that immediate use might be made of this material.' (3) The Sales Promotion Committee is interested in develop ing an asbestos textile handbook within the near future and are awaiting the conclusion of the work on specifications now being studied by the Technical Committee before proceeding further in this work. The Secretary submitted a general format for such a handbook to the Sales Promotion Committee for consideration, however, due to a lack of time this material could not be con sidered at this meeting. There being no further business to come before this meeting at this time, it was unanimously agreed that the meeting be ad journed. I.'Iyril C. Shaw,, Secretary MS 003420 MT-002824 PRODUCED ATI-79 TELIPERATURE LIHITS FOR ASBESTOS TEXTILES MYRIL C. SHAY/ RESEARCH FELL017 ASBESTOS TEXTILE BISTITUTZ NEW JERSEY CERAEIC RESEARCH STATION RUTGERS UNIVERSITY REV/ 3RUNGV/ICK, H. J. Llarch 27, 1952 MS 003421 MT-002825 PRODUCED JM-83 ATI-79 TELIPERATURE LIIilTS FOR ASBESTOS TEXTILES IUTRODUCTIOI'J Asbestos textiles are chiefly noted for their heat resistant qualities and this ability to resist degradation and destruction at elevated tenperatures has led to their utilization as components in a rude vareity of products whore high temperature service re-' quirenents are dictated. Fire protective clothing and draperies, padding for laundry presses and mangles, lagging for high tempera ture steam lines, jackets for heat engines are but a feu of the applications wherein these heat resistant materials are essential. The limit of serviceability or the extent to which an asbestos textile may be subjected to elevated temperatures is chiefly de pendent upon the asbestos content of the cloth. The grading of asbestos textiles is established upon this criterion and Table I sets forth the universally accepted classification on this basis. Table I Grade Commercial Underwriters Grade A Grade AA Grade AAA Grade AAA Asbestos Content ay height 75v^o UP to blit not including 80% 85% 65 90% 25% 95^ up to but not including 99 92% to 100^ inclusive Approx, Temp. Limit .. up to up to up to up to up to up to The non-asbestos portion of most asbes;tos textiles is usually cotton, however, rayon and other organic fibers are occasionally blended with the cotton to provide a fiber combination that will yeild a yarn and ultimately a cloth having the desired properties. The relative heat resistance characteristics of the various grades of cloth have for many years been considered to be as indicated in the third column of Table I titled, Approximate Temperature Limits. It is -understood that these values were ori ginally established on the basis of practical judgement by repre sentatives of some of the manufacturers of these textiles and there apparently were feu, if any, systematic investigations conducted to verify the accuracy of these figures. It has been felt that perhaps the conditions under which the cloths nay bo used nay influ ence these temperature limits to some degree and that cloths exposed to a soaking heat, where the entire fabric is subjected on all sides at the same time to the same degree of heat may well exhibit somewhat different characteristics than a cloth which is subjected to heat on one side only. If such is the case, these factors should be taken into consideration when the heat resistant charac teristics of asbestos textiles are being evaluated. MT-002826 MS 003422 PRODUCED - S3 ATI-79 _--o4^ -- In vieu of the foregoing considerations, the Asbestos Textile Institute initiated an investigation to more accurately establish the heat resistant characteristics of the various grades of asbestos textiles at elevated temperatures. The project is necessarily one of a continuing nature since the life expectancy of an asbestos textile in service must in most cases, be considered over periods of from several months to perhaps years and for this reason accel erated tests or short tern tests may not be truly indicative of a serviceable life. The uorl: to be reported upon at this time covers test periods of relatively short durations, houever, during the next feu months longer period tests uill be completed and a clearer picture of the elevated temperature serviceability of asbestos textile can be more definitely established. TEST WORK The test uorl-: thus far has been conducted in simulation of tuo different types of heat application and service. One procedure is a hot plate test, uherein heat is applied to one side of a piece of cloth as it lays on the iron plate surface of an electric hot plate* The second method is a submerged heat test, uherein the cloths are subjected to the heat treatment of an air circulating oven, uith a uniform heat application on both faces of the cloth. Hot Plate Test. The electric hot plate upon uhieh this series of tests uas carried out has a cast iron surface plate 18"x34" uhorcon it is possible to maintain a constant plate temperature of 1025F. maximum. In this uork every effort uas exerted to insure uniform heat distribution over the area occupied by the specimens. To best accomplish this a section 12"x8" in the center of the plate uas used for test. This area uas framed uith a strip of asbestos cloth, 6" uide on the ends and 5" uide on the sides, uhieh served as a guard plate and greatly facilitated the attainment of constant temperatures, uithin '* 2F., over the test area. The sample for test consisted of one piece of cloth, 12"x8", uith the longer dimension in the uarp direction. In the exact center of the specimen there uas punched a small hole, large enough to accommodate the tip end of a chrome1-alume1 thermocouple by means of uhieh periodic temperature measurements mere made. The cloths, in all cases except AAAA, uere 2.50 pound, plain uoven. The AAAA cloth uas 5.50 pound cloth in tuill ueave. In conducting the test, the hot plate uas first permitted to heat up and attain a constant temperature at one of the five pre determined testing temperatures. After equilibrium had been established the test specimens uere placed in position on the pl,ete and the thermocouple inserted. The test uas then permitted to run for 24 hours in all cases and for seven days at five additional points. MS 003423 MT-002827 PRODUCED Jill-83 ATI-79 -o- Upon conclusion of the test period the sample was removed and permitted to remain at room temperature for two hours after which they were cut into four warp-grab tensile strength test specimens and then tested for tensile strength. The loss in tensile strength serves as the besis for evaluating the results of these tests. Figure I sets forth a series of curves which illustrate the rate of tensile strength degradation with increasing temperatures {ifter a 24 hour hot plate test. In these, the percentage tensile strength retained is plotted against the temperature of test. It will be observed that in the case of the AAAA and AAA cloths, over 80^ of the original tensile strength is retained after subjection to 000F for 24 hours, while the AA retains 60;o of the original strength under the same conditions. The Commercial and Underwriter grades deteriorate rapidly at much lower temperatures and somewhat less than 50-^ of the original strength is retained at 400F. Included on this chart are five points noted by numerals from 1 to 5. Each of these are determinations made after a seven day test rath -ml being a seven day test at 1025F on AAAA grade; -y2, a seven day test at 1010F on AAA grade; i'o and 44, a seven day test on AA grade at 600F and 980F respectively; and }''5, a seven day test at 800F on Underwriters grade. On the basis of this test and these data it would appear that there is but little difference between the properties of Cormiercial and Underwriters grades and only slightly more quality is exhibited by AAAA than AAA rinder the conditions of this test. In addition, the few spot values for a comparison of the 24 hour test against the 7 day test would indicate that at 24 hours or perhaps somewhat less the maximum amount of destruction has been accomplished and the rate of degradation after this time is extremely slow-. Samples of AAAA, AAA and"Underwriters would seem to bear out this observation, howrever, in the case of the AA cloth, there did appear to be marked decreases between the 24 hour and the 7 day period. Submerged Heating Test MS 003424 The submerged heat tests were conducted in the Despatch Heat Aging Tost furnace which was recently acquired for our wrork. In this phase of the investigation three testing temperatures were established: 400F., 600F., and 800F. The oven v.ras operated with full circulation but with a minimum amount of new air being drawn into the chamber. Under these condi tions, samples were run for 1, 8, 12 and 24 hour periods and the loss in tensile strength determined after each of these test periods. Four samples of cloth 6"x4" constituted one test. In addition to the tensile strength tests, v/eight loss deter minations were also run at the same time and under the same condi tions as the tensile strength samples. In this latter test, three MT-002828 PRODUCED JM-83 SUBJECT TKu Stall* of N*w Jeney NEW BRUM-WICK, NEW JERSEY ATI-79 i 1111 i ATI-79 -5- r 5 gran samples of each specimen were weighed out in the Brabender Tester and then placed in the heat aging oven along v.Tith the tensile strength samples of the-same materials. The loss in weight was then determined after 1, 8, 12 and 24 hours, the sane testing cycle as adopted for the tensile strength tests. The results of both sets of determinations at specific tempera tures are set forth in the curves presented in Figures 2, 8 and 4. Figure 3 covers the tests over a 24 hour period at 400F. It will be observed that the loss in weight increases at a fairly constant rate for all cloths and with a higher rate of increase for the lower grades. Loss in strength likewise decreases over the entire 24 hour cycle for all of the cloths, however, the Commercial and Underwriters grades exhibit a much more rapid rate of degradation during the first eight hours than during the time which follows. AA grade also has a higher rate of loss during the first eight hours than during the time which follows but in neither instant is the rate of loss as great as that exhibited by the first two mentioned grades. Grades AAA and AAAA show very small amounts of strength loss under the conditions of this test. Under the test at 600F. there are marked differences in per formance from those observed at 400F. It vrill be observed that during the first hour of test the greater part of the destructive n action has been accomplished.- For the Commercial and Underwriters cloths approximately 20^ of the total of approximately 26;* weight loss occurs during the first hour and the strength retained after this time is only about 80m compared to approximately 25^ for the full 24 hours. The same relative relationships exist for the higher grades of cloth. The results of the test at 800F show relatively the same characteristics as the 600F test except that in all cases the losses are higher. The differences in weight loss and tensile strength are negligible between the one hour and 24 hour test in the case of the Commercial and Underwriters Cloths. In the three remaining higher grades progressive degradation is still in evidence. SUULIARY OF RESULT3 MS 003426 ' (1) In making a comparison of the two methods of test it would appear that there is little, if any, difference for the lower grade cloths, Commercial, Underwriters and AA, which behave very much alike under both procedures as regards the extent of ultimate degradation over the range from 400F to 800F. Grades AAA and AAAA do however shot; that the submerged heat treatment is somewhat more severe than the hot plate test since at 800F the AAAA grade cloth has only 74^ strength retention under the submerged test r- method as against 84;^ under the hot plate test. Grade AAA exhibits approximately the sane relationship. In all likelihood, if the tests v.rere extended to cover periods of longer duration, wherein equilibrium conditions could be more nearly approached, the MT-002830 PRODUCED JM-83 SUBJECT l<U i ,, UNlVCUOllI The S-ate U"> ^ersity of New Jeney NEW BRUNT VICK,, NEW JEJtSEY ATI-79 SHEET SUBJECT RUiCL' i UNIVERSITY TV> Stotp Univerviy of Nw J*rey NEW BRUN SWICK, NEW JERSEY ATI-79 DATE SHUT Oven: str _ 6 p Oi-E. NAME SUBJECT RUTGEI'S UNIVERSITY The State U "versity of New Jersey NEW BRUNSWICK, NEW JERSEY ATI-79 DATE l*AOr ATI-79 -S- differences exhibited by the higher grade cloths wrould be markedly reduced. (G) The establishiient of serviceable tenperature limits for the several evades of asbestos textiles on the basis of the limited amount of data herewith presented v/ould be uirwise and it is planned to extend this wTork to cover asbestos cloths over the full range of weights and ueave constructions so that the effect of these factors may be understood and given due consideration at such a- tine when the temperature limits may be reestablished. However, 4 the information here presented might me11 serve to open our think ing in regard to the question--On vdiat basis are temperature limit recommendations to be established? 'From this r;ork it can be seen that for the Commercial grade cloth, normally recommended for service at temperature not in excess of 400F, a tensile strength of 40^o of the original is retained. For the Underwriters grade, approximately the sane degree of strength retention is obtained. However, the Grade AA cloth retains 66^ of its strength at the re commended 600F service tenperature while Grade AAA cloth, recom mended for 750F service retains of its strength at 800F. These observations point out the lack of a consistant basis for Is comparison and would indicate the necessity for the establishment of some corrclatable level upon which to base these considerations. It may well be that "the presentation of this information as it'is now offered in Table I, rath specific temperature limits noted, is not the proper method of iwrescntation. Perhaps a table T.herein the rate of degradation over a range of temperatures would serve a better purpose and wrould more favorably show7 the characteristics of asbestos textiles at elevated temperatures. The accumulation of additional data and a wider range of . materials than are here considered wrill undoubtedly serve to formu late the proper course to take in these considerations. (b) The inclusion of weight loss determinations in this work adds important and significant information to the overall considers- tion of elevated temperature serviceability. There appears to be a definitely correlatable relationship bctwrcen weight loss and tensile strength retention'and it could well be that, on the basis of a great many more tests, high temperature serviceability may be accurately predicted on the basis of a factor rc3.ated to the loss in weight.- MS 003430 ^ MT-002834 produced JNl-83 ATI-79 o -10- concLusious As a result of the work thus far conducted it would appear that the presently recognized teuperature limits for all grades of asbestos textiles should perhaps be revised on the basis of a more definite standard for comparison. The higher prnde asbestos textiles are cast in a rather unfavorable light under present standards. It mould seen that the designation of specific teupera ture limits of usefulness for asbestos textiles nay not be the proper method of presenting this information. Since all grades of these materials,, above Underwriters, have rather wide ranges of serviceability. it would perhaps be more accurate and useful to present this information on the basis of the full range of tempera tures up to the point of complete destruction, with this informa tion, the adoption of a particular cloth to meet the specific requirements of a given application could then be more accurately established. The work here covered by no means represents the complete picture and the results should not therefore be considered with any degree of finality. Cloths covering a variety of weaves and weights will necessarily have to be included in this investigation and test periods of greater' duration wil3. need to be studi ed before any definite conclusions can be established. However, it does appear, on the basis of this first work, that the thermal properties of the higher grade asbestos textiles have perhaps not been given proper recognition. The results of this work through the investi gation of'a representative cross-section of the industry's materials, should serve to establish the accuracy of our present classification or provide realistic values './here our present under standings are in error. MS 003431 WIT-002835 PRODUCED JM-83 ATI-79 MINUTES of the Technical Committee Meeting held Aug. 27 and 23, 1952 at New Brunswick, New Jersey IN ATTENDANCE: Jo La Tucker, Chairman JOHNS-MANVILLE CORP. AMERICAN ASBESTOS TEXTILE CORP. E. C. Cutler J0KNS-1IANVILLE CORP. K. Qo Beyard 17. Mo MacAlpine RAYBESTOS-MANHATTAN, INC. Mo 17. Oliver J. M. Leaver SOUTHERN ASBESTOS CO. J. D. McCluer KEASBEY <5 MATTISON CO. C. R. Frederick R. L. Lanz UNION ASBESTOS & RUBBER CO. A, 17, Summers RUTGERS UNIVERSITY Mo C. Shaw 1. The first subject placed before the meeting for discussion con cerned the A.T.Io Standard Cloth List. The entire list was re viewed with respect to weight, style, thickness, yarn construc tion, cloth construction, grade and tensile strengths. Following a thorough consideration the list as herewith attached was approved and it was agreed that it should be submitted to the Institute membership in General meeting for approval., In furtherance of this'work it is intended that tensile . strengths, after lieat aging, shall be included as a part of these standards,'however, until a suitable heat aging test has been established, these values will be withheld, 20 The next'subject for discussion concerned Federal Specification SS-C-466, with a view toward recommending revisions therein on the bases of 1) the A.T.I. Standard cloth list and 2) present knowledge relative to the incorporation of glass staple in the AA and AAA cloths there included. Following a thorough discus sion of the subject, the following revisions were recommended. 1) The Grades A, B, C and D shall be changed to coincide with corresponding industry accepted grades--Underwriters, A, AA and AAA , 2) Table I--Breaking strength of asbestos cloth, Minimum, pounds, grab method. The tensile strength values should be changed as follows: MT-002836 MS 003432 PRODUCED JM-83 ATI-79 n As received After heating to 300F V/arp Filling; V/arpFilling Grade-Underwriters Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 Class 5 90 37 75 35 120 35 80 60 90 65 None recommended It It It It It It tl II Grade-AA Class 1 Class 3 100 37 130 40 tl tl HM Grade-AAA Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 110 37 30 35 130 40 II 11 tl it It II 3) Section 3o3.3 should be changed to read-- "The cloth shall contain not less than 90/ inorganic fiber. The inorganic fiber shall be a mixture consisting of'not less than 73/ ashestos and not more than 22/ glass fiber"0 4) Section 3.3o4 should be changed to read-- "The cloth shall contain not less than 95/ inorganic fiber. The inorganic fiber shall be a mixture consisting of not less than 79-0 asbestos and not more than 21/ glass fiber n 3. The A.T.I* standard list for braided tubing was the next subject placed before the meeting and a consideration of the tolerances to be applied to the specifications for these materials was dis cussed. a) Feet per pound* The tolerance in feet per pound appears to be quite variable throughout the industry and nay range from $ 5/ to !r 10# for tubing having inside diameters over 1/2 inch# In an effort to establish a factor for the conversion of ' tubing length measured flat to the length measured on a mandrel, several figures were submitted. The factors ranged from ,777 to *977 and are apparently dependent upon unique features of tubing construction inherent with the several manufacturers products.. A further study of this subject will bo necessary before specific recommendations can be made* b) Inside diameter. It was unanimously agreed that these dimensions should always be set forth as fractions;, rather than decimals, and that the tolerance for tubing up to 3/8" ID should be * 1/32" and for tubing over 3/8" ID should be r 1/1G"0 " c) YJall thicknesso The discussion regarding this subject revealed that such tolerances presently cover a rather wide n range among the several manufacturers and further considerations in this regard will be necessary before an industry-wide recom mendation can be made# MS 003433 MT-002837 PRODUCED ATI-79 n 4* The Chairman next reported regarding the progress which has been made in patenting and placing on the market the Abradoflex. In compliance with directions by the Board of Governors, the Chairman and Fellow conferred with Custom Scientific Instrument Company and obtained a quotation of Q1200 as the cost to pro duce one of these unitse In addition, the Ciiairnan made inquiry regarding the advisability of obtaining a patent on this machine and upon the basis of these findings, recommended that such action should be taken* A complete report regarding these mat ters has been submitted to President Cryor who will present the subject to the Board of Governors. Following a discussion, covering this subject it was moved by Jc M- Weaver, seconded by J* D. McCluer and unanimously agreed that it be recommended to the Board of Governors .that one of these machines be purchased on the basis of the quoted price of ;J1200r and, further, that the necessary steps toward obtaining a patent on the machine be pursued 5B The Fellowship program was next placed before the meeting for consideration. The status of the program no1.; in effect is as follows: 1. Heat Aging Tests.--YJestinghouse. n This work has been completed and a full report will be transmitted at the General Meeting of the Institute to be held in October,, 20 Serviceable temperatures of asbestos cloth* A full report covering this subject will be presented at the October meeting* The Fellow presented some of the pertinent data which will be included in this report and gave a general review of the results. 3* Investigation of asbestos cloths for pipe covering purposes,. The work of the Fellow related to aluminum clad asbestos textiles and the report which was issued as a result of his visit to the New York Shipbuilding Corp are considered' to constitute a completion of this assignment. For this reason,- the project ' is considered inactive by the To clinical Committee as of June 19, 1952, 40 Electrical Properties of Asbestos Textiles. This is a relatively new assignment and is related to work of interest to A.S .IhMr. Preliminary work on this project has been initiated and a full program of study will be started in the near future . MS 003434 MT-002838 PRODUCED JM - 83 ATI-79 5. Determination of glass-asbestos ratio and contents in asbestos cloths which have minor amounts of staple glass fiber in the batch,, The Fellow has introduced a new method for making such determinations, based upon specific gravity determinations, and further investigations along these lines are proceeding. Dur ing the course of the discussion of this subject a detailed outline of the procedure was presented and the methods for carrying out such tests reviewed. Continuing the discussion of the Fellowship work, the Chairman sought the views of the'committee regarding future expansion of the Fellowship work. Some thoughts were directed toward the removal of the Fellowship work from Rutgers to an off-campus location with a view toward obtaining more space so that there might be an expansion of the Fellowship activities. However, after full consideration of all points it was agreed that the present location offers more advantages than might be obtainable under other arrangements. It was agreed that the Fellov; should obtain information relative to the possibility of expansion within the present facilities and report the findings at the next meeting. It was further agreed that the Institute should be informed regarding the thinking of this committee relative to this matter and a recommendation made that a com mittee of the Institute members be assigned the task of explor ing the possibilities and advisability of such a move. There being no further business to come before the meeting it was unanimously agreed that the meeting be adjourned. Myril C,, Shaw Secretary ty\S 003A35 WIT-002839 PRODUCED ATI-79 r' THE STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OE ASBESTOS TEXTILES AT ELF/ATED TEMPERATURES MYRIL C. SHAW RESEARCH FELLOW ASBESTOS TEXTILE INSTITUTE n UFN JERSEY CERAMIC RESEARCH STATION RUTGERS UNIVERSITY NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. October 1, 1952 MS 003436 r\ MT-002840 PRODUCED JM-83 ATI-79 n The Strength Characteristics of Asbestos Textiles at Elevated Temperatures Introduction Asbestos textiles are chiefly noted for their heat resistant qualities and this ability to resist degradation and destruction at elevated temperatures has led to their utilization as components in a wide vareity of products where there are high temperature service requirements. The limit of serviceability or the extent to which an asbestos textile may be subjected to elevated temperatures is usually con sidered to be dependent upon the asbestos content of the cloth and the following table sets forth the universally accepted classifica tion on this basiso Temperature Limits for Asbestos Textiles Grade Asbestos Content by height Approx* Temp. Limit Commercial 75$ up to but not including 80$ up to 400F. Underwriters 80$ up to but not including 85$ up to 450F. r* Grade A 85$ up to but not including 90$ up to 550F, Grade AA 90$ up to but not including 95$ ud to G00F. Grade AAA 95$ up to but not including 99$ up to 750F. Grade AAAA 99$ up to 100$ inclusive up to 900Fo There are, however, other factors in addition to asbestos con tent which may contribute to the elevated temperature performance of these materials and the unique properties of many asbestos tex tiles, as regards the physical and thermal characteristics, are dependent to a'considerable extent upon 1) the quality of the raw materials used, 2) the effectiveness of the opening and blending of the one or more of the several grades of asbestos used, and 3) the spinning and weaving techniques followed. Many industrial and federal consumers recognise the importance of the elevated temperature properties of asbestos textiles and have established specifications for tensile strength requirements on the basis of these qualities. Unfortunately, many of the provisions as set forth in the present specifications are met with difficulty on occasion, chiefly due to the fact that the testing techniques have not been clearly defined. Uith a standardization of such testing procedures much helpful service data on asbestos textiles vail be forthcoming with the result that the consumers of these materials will be given aii opportunity to select the proper, cloths for specific applications. It is hoped that the work presented in this report n may serve to illustrate the range of properties available under a standardized set of conditions and the results may prove helpful in the development of future specifications. MS 003437 MT-002841 PRODUCED JM-83 ATI-79 2- - Test Methods & Equipment Oven. The oven used in this work is a "Special CF-1S Electric Oven" manufactured by Despatch Oven Company. This oven was specifically designed and built for this work and is special, in that: 1) it may be operated efficiently up to 850F and 2) a variable speed drive is attached to the motor blower so that the volume of air to be circu lated within the chamber may be varied from 110 CFM to 620 CFM. In addition, butterfly dampers are provided on the air intake duct and the exhaust duct to control the amount of fresh air which is to be admitted to the chamber and exhausted therefrom. YJithin the chamber there are a series of horizontal ports which may be so adjusted that uniform air circulation and temperature throughout the chamber may be controlled. A Partlow temperature control serves to set the temperature of the oven and maintain constancy at any given temperature up to 425C (800F) within t 4C. The actual temperature of the cloth under test is measured by means of an auxiliary -temperature-measuring unit consisting of a chromel-alumel thermocouple extending into the chamber through the exhaust duct and connected to a manually operated potentiometer. Test Procedure. The cloth samples used for these tests were speci mens 6"x4" with the longer dimension in the warp direction. Four such specimens of each cloth'comprised one test set and two such sets were tested at one time. The eight specimens for test were placed individually and flat on a 5/4" mesh wire screen, 18"xl8", and this assembly placed in the oven midway between the top and bottom of the chamber. The thermo couple for determining cloth temperature during test was placed in direct contact with one of the cloths in the middle of the screen area. Three specific temperatures for testing were used--400F, 600F and 800F. 'At each of these temperatures, tests were run for periods of one hour, eight hours, twelve hours and twenty-four hours. Following the removal of the specimens from the test oven, they were permitted to remain under atmospheric conditions, 75 to 80F at 43^ to 52^ R.H., for one hour prior to testing for tensile strength. Results Asbestos textiles representing nine distinct styles were studied in this investigation. Table I presents a tabulation of the various fabrics included in this work and sets forth'the grades, style and tensile strength as received, for each cloth. MS 003438 MT-002842 PRODUCED JM -83 ATI-79 -3- Table II presents the tensile strength data for each cloth after being subjected to the several tests. The values for each set of test conditions are presented as (1) actual strength, in pounds and (2) precent strength retained. Plates 1-1 thru 4-3 graphically illustrate the rate of'strength change as a result of thermal degradation. Plates 1-1, 2-1, 3-1 and 4-1 cover the strength characteristic at 400F for the test periods from one through 24 hours. Plates 1-2, 2-2,,3-2 and 4-2 present the same information for a temperature of 600F and the plates 1-3,2-3,3-3 and 4-3 present the data obtained at 800F. The textiles grouped together in each series of curves were selected so that cloths`of similar styles and weights in varying grades might be compared. Plates 1-1, 1-2, 1-3. Plates 1-1,1-2,and 1-3 cover cloths bearing the A.T.I. designation of 36P10 in grades Underwriter, A, AA and AAA. It will be observed that at 400F, the Underwriters cloths retain from 70^ to 31.5# after one hour but continue to degrade with time at'this temperature to the extent that there is retention of only 26,8jo to 32.5?o after 24 hours. The Grade A cloth retains 87.5^ after one hour and 55^ after 24 hours at 400F. Grade AA cloths retain from 94^ to 96 after one hour and from 70^ to 71# after 24 hours. Grade AAA cloths retain 98.5# to 99.4# after one hour and from 89,3# to 91# after 24 hours. The curves in plate 1-2, covering 36P10 cloths at test tempera tures of 600F., bear essentially the same relationship as shown in plate 1-1. However, the extent of degradation during the first hour is greater in all cases, with the drop in strength'being notably increased. The degradation following the first hour is, however, in most cases, very small. Plate 1-3, covering the 36P10 cloths heated to'800F., shows still further degradation for most cloths. However, there are notable exceptions which will be observed. Cloth #125, Grade AA, for example, shows an increase in strength after 24 hours over the one hour period and cloth #129, grade AAA, shows slightly more strength after 8 and 12 hours than after one hour at this temperature. In reviewing the performance of the series of 36P10 cloths here presented it will be observed that those cloths below grade AA be have as would be expected, with normal strength deterioration as temperature and time of subjection at these temperatures are in creased. However, in grades AA and better, some apparently anomalous behaviors may be observed. Cloth #'125, for example, shows improved strength at all times at 800F over those at GOO^F. Cloth #130, manufactured by the same company, exhibits similar properties and after 24 hours at 300F is slightly stronger than at 400F for the same period. Cloth -#146 shows similar characteristics. Cloths #131 and #129, both grade AAA, have reasonably comparable properties at 400F and 600F, however, at 800F, cloth #129 exhibits much higher' strengths than does cloth ,#131 and it will be observed, in addition, MS 003439 MT-002843 PRODUCED JM-83 ATI-79 that there is strength improvement, for #129, after the first hour up to twelve hours. In order to explain the reasons for some of these unusual per formances, it becomes necessary to examine quite closed the physical properties of the fibers which compose'the fabrics in which we are interested. The fibers are, of course, chiefly chrysotile with minor amounts of cotton, however, the chrysotile fiber lengths are quite variable between the several grades of cloth and as a result behave quite differently when incorporated in a yarn and cloth. The hygroscopic properties of chrysotile are very well known, however, the extent and effect of this property are not always fully appreciated. The presence of this very thin to mono-molecular layer of water on the surface of the fibers, under normal atmospheric con ditions, serves as a lubricant which reduces the coefficient of friction between the individual fibers and permits them to s3J.de upon each other. As this water is eliminated under the conditions of elevated temperatures the tendency to slide is reduced and the overall strength of a yarn composed of such fibers is proportionately increased. The full effect of this condition is most pronounced in the higher grade fibers where greater length permits more effective spinning and intertwining of the several component fibers and where individual fiber strengths are permitted to exert an influence upon the over-all strength characteristics of the constructed unit. In order'to assist the writer in analysing the results of this investigation, information relative to the construction and batch compositions of several of-the cloths has been submitted by the manufacturers. In general, the fiber grades used by the several ' manufacturers are much the same for given grades of cloth, however, the yarn construction information reveals that those cloths exhibit ing superior qualities, as related to tensile strength retention under the stress of elevated temperatures, usually have the highest twist count. This observation tends to further point out the im portance the inter-fiber friction factor and would seem to account for the strength retention differences noted for some of the cloths hero studied. Plates 3-1, 2-3 and 2-5. The cloths represented in this series of curves cover three styles of lightweight materials and all, except cloth #147, are Underwriters grade. Cloth #147 is grade A and was produced in England. Since all of these cloths are composed of pre dominately Grade 3 fiber, with exception of cloth'#147 concerning which we have no construction or composition data, the performance characteristics are not greatly influenced by the fiber length-liygroscopicity relationship and therefore show normal regularity in the strength degradation properties with increased temperatures. Plates 3-1, 3-2 and 5-5. The cloths included in this series of ' charts are representative of relatively heavy grades of materials, ranging from 2.40 pounds to 3.50 pounds per square yard. Four of the six cloths are AA Grade or higher -while the 2.50 pound sloth is MS 003440 MT-002844 PRODUCED JNI-83 ATI-79 n Underwriters grade and the 3.00 pound cloth is Commercial grade. The performance of all of these materials at- 400F is as would be expected, with the AAA grade cloth retaining 92.5 of its original strength after 24 hours. The'grades of lesser quality show proportion ately less strength retention, however, the AA grade textile retains 75^ of its strength upon completion of the 24 hour test. The Underwriters grade and Commercial grade cloths behave quite similarly under the conditions of this test with the Underwriters material exhibiting only slightly more strength retention. Under the conditions of.the 600F test it will be observed that there is a proportionately greater strength loss by all cloths, however, all of grade AA and higher retain considerably more than 50jo of the original strength. The Underwriters grade and the Com mercial grade cloths, on the other hand, exhibit an apparently anomolous performance. It will be noted that the Underwriters cloth retains only 25^ of the original strength while the Commercial grade cloth retains 28.3f0 of its'original strength. This condition may, no doubt, be accounted for, in great part, to the notable difference in the weights of the cloths, the original tensile strengths and the variations in the construction of the warp yarns in the two cloths. The Commercial grade cloth had an original strength of 195 pounds and weighed 3.00 pounds per yard while the Underwriters grade cloth had a strength of only 140.5 pounds and weighed 2.50# per yard. In n addition, while records are not available to verify this statement, it is usually customary to use 1030 yarns in the warp for the cloths having the characteristics of this Commercial grade cloth and 1020 yarns in both directions for 2.50# cloths such as the Underwriters material here under consideration. The additional strength so im parted could well account for the superiority of the Commercial grade cloth over this particular type of Underwriters grade cloth. The continuation of these tests at 800F still further illus trates some apparently unusual behaviors in these heavier materials. The Commercial grade cloth continues to exhibit a superiority over the Underwriters grade, to the same relative degree as was observed at 600F. However, cloth #132, a 3.50# twill in AAA grade shows a marked drop in strength at this higher temperature. The strength of this'cloth at 600F is 166#, while at 800F the strength drops to 135#, a decrease of 18.5#. The three remaining high grade cloths all show improved strengths at 800F over the 600F performance. In addition, cloths #142 and #143 exhibit strength improvement with increased time, up to twelve hours of tost at 300 F. Here again, the effect of the relationship between fiber length and strength retention is exhibited. Cloths #127, #142 and #143 are composed of predominately #1 and #2 Crude fibers and with increasing temperatures the water films between the fibers are reduced and n eliminated to the degree that the frictional forces between the fibers are permitted to exert a pronounced effect, yielding greater strength. MS 003441 MT-002845 PRODUCED JM-83 ATI-79 An adequate explanation of the performance of cloth $132 cannot he made at this time since insufficient construction data is avail able, however, it may be significant to note that the twist of the yarn used in this cloth is approximately 25$ less than that used in other comparable constructions. This factor of twist as it is related to the inter-fiber friction relationship may well determine overall cloth strength characteristics. Plates 4-1; 4-3 and 4-5 The last series of cloths presented are 2.50 pound, herringbone weave fabrics in Commercial and Underwriters grades. The two cloths exhibit normal characteristics under the throe sets of heat treatments, with the Underwriters grade retaining approximately 9% more strength than the Commercial grade at 800F for 24 hours. Conclusions The strength'characteristics of asbestos textiles at elevated temperatures have, in'the past,'been chiefly related to the asbestos content of the cloths. However, on the basis of the work here re ported, there appear to be other factors which may influence this property, particularly in the higher grade cloths, and should be given due consideration. Reference to Table III shows that in the Underwriter grade cloths where the asbestos contents ranges from 80,13$ to 32.57$, when heat treated at 400F there are strength retentions ranging from 26.8$ to 57.5$; at 600F, from 18.3$ to 58.4$; and at 300F, from 17,3% to 38,2%, Likewise, in Grade AA where the asbestos content ranges from 91*27$ to 94.51$, the strength retention at 400F may range from 58$ to 81$; at 600F, from 57,2$ to 69.3$; and at 800F, from 59$ to 77.5$. These substantial strength retention variations shorn in the two grades of textiles here under consideration must be accounted for by some properties other than asbestos content. ' In the lower grade textiles where short fibers..predominate the mix, the finer cut yarns serve to promote greater strength retention at the elevated temperatures. In those grades of asbestos textiles where higher concentrations of longer asbestos fibers are present, the elevated temperature strength characteristics arc definitely a function of the strength properties of the individual fibers and'of the thoroughness with which they are opened, blended and spun. Perfection in these last three operations would result in a material having very nearly the properties of the fibers themselves. Through the elimination of the water films on the individual fibers the twining action becomes more effective and the overall strength properties are improved up to the temperatures where permanent structural defections are induced. WIS 003442 MT-002846 PRODUCED JM-83 ATI-79 -7- n In view of those observations it would appear unwise to attempt to define specific temperature limits for all asbestos textiles based upon the limits of asbestos content alone, A more useful service night well be provided if a temperature range of serviceabi lity for asbestos cloths was to be recognized by the consumers of asbestos textiles and if the producers were fully cognizant of the influence that asbestos content, fiber quality and yarn construction exert in the attainment of specific requirements. o MS 003443 MT-002847 PRODUCED JM-83 ATI-79 './ESIIIGHOUSE o From: EACT PITTSBURGH Date: 6-16-S'2 Subject: TEST SPECIFICATION FOR PDS 2060-2, HEAT TEST 7-L, Materials & Standards Engineering, J, R. YJelshons <lg: Matls. Engrg.,. Ins.'Appl. Sec*,. 'TJ. B. Atkinson IC-70,. Llatls. Engrg., Physical Test. Lab.,. II. SpewoGk Please pass this information on to Mr. Shaw of the Asbestos Textile Institute. This information is a description of the test method and the results on a sample of asbestos cloth which was furnished by Mr. Shaw. This program is being undertaken to determine if it is desirable to change the testing method outlined in PDS 2060-2 under paragraph six, Heat Tests, in order to obtain more reproducible results.. The test method used on these samples furnished by Mr. Shaw is as follows: The speeimens were prepared according to the grab method as per r> ASTM D-577-42T. Five specimens at a time were suspended on a rack by means of five clamps so that the specimens were parallel and approximately one inch apart, A thermocouple was woven into the center section of the middle specimen. The group of speci mens were placed in the center of an oven operating at SOCmC so that the circulating air passed parallel to the width of the specimens. The thermocouple lead wires were allowed to pass oilt of the oven between the door and the housing of the oven. The specimens were previously marked A, B, C, D, and E, with specimen A facing the back of the oven. A thermocouple was placed in the oven adjacent to the specimens and at about the middle of the oven volume. The reading from this thermocouple was used as the oven temperature. It was found to be 298*4C. Temperatures of the oven and the asbestos cloth were observed every 30 seconds until the oven had been at 300C for 30 minutes. The samples vie re then removed and the tensile strength was determined by the grab method as outlined in ASTM D-39. The oven used was an air circulating Trent (STOF >/3) with inside dimensions of 19-1/2 x 18-1/2 x 19. Fresh air was metered into the oven at a rate of two cubic feet per minute, using a meter manufactured by the Pittsburgh Equitable Meter Company. This air was fed into the normal intake side of the oven. The normal outlet port of the oven was left open and all other openings to the oven were sealed. These heat tests were made on 3 different sets of samples in both the warp and filler directions. The tensile strength of the original cloth was also determined in both the vrarp and filler directions. MS 003477 MT-002882 proouced IM 83 ATI-79 -2- The results of the test seemed quite reproducible in spite of the temperature of the Set specimens becoming quite high for a short period* An attempt was made to prevent leaving the oven open any longer than necessary for leading the specimens and the results showed very little drop in oven temperature at the start. Air was metered into the oven to set up reproducible conditions as completely as possible. Personally, I still do not'think that this should be necessary in the'final specification; but, if there is disagreement on this point, data should be obtained to prove it. Please have Mr. Shaw send complete identification of the sample to me, so that if any reference is made to this work and also in com parison of results, we will be certain we arc talking of the same sample. Enclosed are some burned and unburned samples to be re turned to Mr.. Shaw as per his request. Lir. Shaw is now to test the same material under the same conditions for his evaluation of reproducibility K-90,, Matls. Engrg.,, Materials Labs., Manager,, (signed) . E. Bindschadler /JD Enclosures: . Attachments? MS 003478 n MT-002883 PRODUCED JNI-83 ATI-79 Tensile Strength After Heating Temp. Range Over In Oven As Per Time of Heating Period, C r> Set. Samples ASTM D 577-42T Heating Oven Cloth Bo. Tested Warp Filler Min. Han. Hin. Max. Min. 1A B C D E 30 27.5 28,5 26.25 27 or oc o 26,25 27 21 26.5 30 Warp II II 302 241 3Q1 256 M Filler it 304 268 321 150 H. 30 L 26,25 Av. 27,85 1,18 27 21 25,2- 2,16 2 A 29 26 B 27 ` 27 C 30,25 27.5 D 26 a:-; 5 E 25 23,5 30 Warp 11 304 262 318 100 II II Filler II 305 264 326 134 H- 30.25 L 25 Av. 27.45 2.00 23,5 26 26.7 1.37 n 3 A 22 24 o 5 30 Warp B 26 24,5 C 27.5 25,0 II (1 304 250 374 113 D 25,5 23 - 5 II Filler E 25,5 26.5 If 3ia 23d r500'"' 142 H. 27.5 L 22 Av. 25.3 1.84 26.5 23,5 24.8 1.02 All values over 500 C are estimated due to the limitations of the equipment. Av. tensile strength of 15 samples after.being heated to 300 C for 30 minutes: ' Harp v. 26.86 Lbs. Filler r 25.56 Lbs. All samples appeared to be the same color (dark grey) after heating. [ample s Tensile Strength Not Heated 'ested Warp Filler A 57 B 56 n C 61 D 52 E 54.5 61 55 59 54 51 MS 003479 MT-002884 Av. 56.1 56 PRODUCED JM-83 ATI-79 Set -,'fix Direction-Lengthwise Time in Oven Temp. Minutes C Cloth Temp, Time In Oven Temp. Cloth Temp. C Minutes C C 0 (Start) .5' 1,0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3,5 4.0 4,5 5,0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7i.O 7.5 8,0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12,5 13.0 13,5 14. G 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 302 266 281 290 296 297 300 301 302 300 298 297 295 298 299 300 293 296 294 296 298 299 297 296 295 296 293 300 298 295 294 298 298 298 293 236 289 290 293 295 298 293 300 296 294 292 292 296 299 398 295 292 293 297 293 299 par 293 294 297 300 300 296 293 296 299 301 300 296 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22,. 0 22.5 23.0 23.5 24.0 24.5 25.0 25.5 26.0 26.5 27.0 27.5 28.0 28.5 29.0 29.5 30.0 30.5 31,0 31.5 32.0 32.5 33.0 295 294 297 298 300 297 295 294 296 298 300 293 296 292 296 298 300 298 295 295 295 297 300 298 296 . 294 297 3C1 298 296 297 298. 294 296 300 300 301 297 295 297 300 301 303 298 296 294 299 302 303 299 296 294 299 301 303 300 297 296 294 299 301 300 301 301 Room Temp. At the Start of the Test i 30.5 C ii ii It U Finish " 11 " , 31.5 C Temperature to Which Oven Dropped When The Door Was Opened for Inserting Specimens, 241 C Temperature to Which Cloth Specimens Dropped When The Door Was Opened for Inserting Specimens, 256 C Temp. C After Test Was Completed. Readings Taken Immediately Y/ithin 5 Seconds After Being Taken Out of the Oven. Oven Temp.,' 275 C Cloth Temp.* 270 C MS 003480 MT-002885 PRODUCED Set- v/'2 Direction-Lengthwise ATI-79 Time In Oven Temp. Minutes C 0 (Start o5 1,0 1,5 2U0 2,5 3,0 3.5 4,0 4,5 5,0 5.,5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10. a 10.5 11.0 11.5 12.0 12.5 13.0 13.5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 299 28S 294 296 300 300 302 302 298 296 294 298 301 302 298 296 294 300 302 302 297 297 296 302 302. 298 294 294 300 302 304 298 296 Cloth. Temp. Time In Oven Temp. Cloth ' C Minutes C C 220 276 300 310 314 318 318 314 303 304 304 306 305 304 302 300 302 303 304 303 301 300 303 304 303 302 301 301 303 305 304 302 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0 23.5 24.0 24.5 25.0 25.5 26.0 26.5 27.0 27.5 28.0 28.5 29.0 29.5 30.0 30.5 31.0 31.5 32.0 295 302 302, 300 296 296 300 302 303 298 295 297 301 303 302 298 296 296 302 303 300 296 296 300 303 302 298 296 296 297 302 302 300 302 302 304 301 300 300 302 303 302 300 298 301 302 304 303 299 298 301 302 301 299 298 300 302. 302 300 300 301 302 304 303 Room Temp . At The Start- of the Test J 30 C ii ii H II Finish " " " , 29 C Temp. To Which Oven Specimen Dropped When The Door Was Opened For Inserting Samples, 262 C Temp. To Which Cldh Specimen Dropped When The Door Was Opened For Inserting Samples, 100 C Temp. C After Test Was Completed. Readings Taken Immediately within 5 Seconds After Being Taken Out of the Oven. Oven Temp.,4276 C Cloth Temp.,256 C MT-002886 MS 003481 PRODUCED JM-83 Sec ,','5 Direct!on-Lengthvd.se ATI-79 Time In Oven Temp. Minutes C t '0 (Start 299 .5 ' 28d 1.0 292 i;s 294 2,0 297 2,5 300 3,0 301 3.5 302 4.0 305 4.5 301 5,0 298 5.5 295 6.0 295 6.5 300 7.0 301 7.5 303 8.0 299 8.5 297 9.0 295 9.5 300 10.0 302 10.5 304 11.0 298 11.5 296 12.0 298 12.5 302 13.0 304 13,5 304 14.0 298 14.5 296 15.0 295 15.5 301 16.0 303 Cloth Temp . Time In Oven Temp. Cloth Temp C Minute s C C 194 253 290 310 320 334 362 374 36 6 344 321 309 303 304 303 306 305 301 303 305 305 304 302 301 302 303 304 304 301 300 301 305 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0 23.5 24.0 24.5 25.0 25.5 26.0 26.5 27.0 27.5 28.0 28.5 29.0 29.5 30.0 30.5 31.0 31.5 32.0 32.5 303 298 295 296 301 303 299 296 294 300 302 302 296 296 296 302 304 300 296 295 300 302 502 296 295 300 301 304 300 297 297 301 303 303 302 299 298 300 302 302. 299 298 298 300 300 300 297 297 298 300 301 299 298 299 300 500 299 296 297 299 300 299 296 298 303 300 Room Temp . At the Start of Test;. 29 C ii ii it Finish " " ,, 30 C Temp. To Which Oven Dropped When The Door Was Opened For Inserting Spe cimens,, 250 C Temp. To Which Cloth Dropped YJhen The Door Was Opened For Inserting Specimens, 113 C Temp. C After Test Was Completed. Readings Taken Immediately Within 5 seconds After Being Taken Out of the Oven. Oven Temp.',, 263 C Cloth 11 .,, 240 C MT-002887 MS 003482 produced ATI-79 Set #1 Direction- Crosswise Tine In Oven Temp. Minutes C Cloth Temp. Time In Oven Temp. Cloth Temp C Minutes C C 0 (Start) .5 1.0 1.5 2.0 o r; 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10.5 IloO 11,5 12.0 12.5 13.0 *5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 300 292 293 297 300 299 302 298 297' 293 300 300 302 298 296 296 301 301 302 296 296 295 298 301 303 296 296 296 300 301 302 298 294 298 301 246 282 298 307 314 321 320 315 310 308 309 310 306 304 302 304 306 307 305 304 304 303 305 308 305 302 303 306 305 307 304 301 302 305 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0 23.524.0 24.5 25.0 25.5 26.0 26.5 27.0 27.5 28.0 28,5 29.0 29.5 30.0 30.5 31.0 ol 5 32.0 302 300 296 295 298 301 304 298 296 296 300 301 303 297 294 300 301 301 298 296 296 300 301 304 290 296 300 301 304 303 304 305 302, 300 302 304 305 305 300 300 302 303 305 302 298 300 303 303 303 300 298 300 300 304 301 300 304 300 300 301 Room Temp. At the Start of the Tes t; 31 C ii n II tl Finish " " " , 32 C Temp, To Which Oven Dropped When The Door Was Opened For Inserting Specimens, 268 C Temp. To Which Cloth Dropped When The Door was Opened For Inserting Specimens, 150 C Temp. C after Test Was Completed. Readings Taken Immediately Y/ithin 5 Seconds After Being Taken Out of the Oven. Oven Temp., 270 C Cloth " , 135 C MS 003483 MT-002888 produced JN1-83 Set jfZ Direction-Crosswise ATI-79 Time In Oven Tempi. Cloth Temp, Time In Oven Temp. Cloth Te; Liinutes C C Iiinute s C C O'(Start) .5 1,0 1.5 2,0 2.5 3,0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6,5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 10,5 11 0 11,5 12,0 12.5 13.0 13,5 14.0 14.5 15.0 15.5 16.0 16,5 299 286 292 293 296 296 300 300 300 303 298 295 293 299 300 301 293 295 293 298 300 301 301 298 294 296 299 300 300 297 294 298 300 300 201 266 295 304 320 324 326 325 321 318 310 305 504 304 306 306 305 302 302 505 506 306 305 302 302 305 304 306 303 302 300 305 502 17.0 17.5 13.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0 25.5 24.0 24.5 25.0 25.5 26.0 26.5 27.0 27,5 23,0 28.5 29.0 29.5 30.0 eO 5 51.0 ol 5 52.0 32.5 33.0 301 296 296 2D7 300 301 298 294 294 297 500 302 300 296 294 298 300 501 297 297 292 293 300 501 296 295 294 297 500 300 297 299 297 306 302 301 300 302 302 302 302 299 299 300 302 301 300 297 298 298 301 300 298 296 298 298 300 299 298 296 298 301 300 300 301 301 Room Temp. At The Start of Test; 29.5 C it ii II II Finish " " ,, 30 C Temp. To Which Oven Dropped When The Door Was Opened for Inserting Sample s, 264 C Temp. To Which Cloth Dropped When The Door Was Opened for Inserting Samples, 134 C Temp. C After Test Was Completed. Readings Taken Immediately Within 5 seconds After Being Taken Out of the Oven. Oven Temp.', 246 C Cloth " ,, 260 C MS 003484 MT-002889 PRODUCED ATI-79 Set $3 Direation-Crossvd.se Time In Oven Temp. Cloth Temp. Time In Oven Temp. Cloth Temp Minutes C C Minutes C C 0' (Start) .5 1.0 lo5 2.0 2,5 3o0 3,5 4.0 4,5 5,0 5.5 6,0 6,5 7.0 7.5 8.0 8,5 9,0 9,5 10.0 10.5 la. * 0 Hv5 12.0 13,5 13,0 13 r. 5 14.0 14.5 15.0 302 300 306 308 310 311 313 318 3ia 313 308. 306 310 312 312 314 315 316 314 308 308 314 315 315 316 310 308 310 313 315 316 Over 212 269 300 323 347 436 500 480 352 316 309 304 304 305 306 307 308 507 305 304 307 307 307 308 307 504 304 306 307 308 15.5 16.0 16.5 17.0 17.5 18.0 18.5 19.0 19.5 20.0 20.5 21.0 21.5 22.0 22.5 23.0 23.5 24.0 24,5 25.0 25.5 26.0 26,5 27.0 27.5 28.0 28.5 29.0 29.5 30.0 30.5 315 509 306 312 313 316 316 310 307 310 313 314 315 316 308 307 303 312 313 316 312 309 307 312 315 318 312 307 309 313 312 308 308 304 304 304 308 308 306 304 304 305 306 304 308 305 304 303 305 305 308. 308 306 304 307 307 307 30a 306 303 305 304 Room Temp. At The Start of Testi 31 C n it II II Finish " "* 31 C Tenp. To Y/hich Oven Dropped Uhen The Door '7as Opened For Inserting Samples - 238 C Temp. To Y/hich Cloth Dropped V/hen The Door YJas Opened For Inserting Samples - 142 C Tenp. C After Test Y/as Completed. Readings Taken Immediately Uithin 5 Seconds After Being Taken Out of The Oven. Oven Temp.; 262 C Cloth , 243 C MS 003485 MT-002890 PRODUCED ATI-79 Heat Treatment of Asbestos Textiles at 200F. Federal Specification, SS-C-466, Cloth, Yarn, Thread and Tape; Asbestos, includes a provision which directs that the cloths herein 5 covered shall meet specific tensile strength requirements after heat treating at 200F (93.3C) for two hours. The following table sets forth the requirements. Tensile Strength Style Grade As Received TJarp Fill After Heating Y/arp Fill 36P10 22P16 39T12 22BT3S 22P10G Und. Und. Und Und Und 100 45 80 40 125 45 80 70 85 70 75 60 90 60 80 30 30 30 43 60 36P10 39T12 AA AA 100 45 80 150 45 125 30 30 36P10 22P16 39T12 AAA AAA AAA 145 45 135 85 40 65 150 45 140 40 35 40 The heat treating of asbestos textiles at 200F may be more correctly described as a drying operation and under normal condi tions should not greatly impair or degrade the strength properties of cloths so conditioned. The Technical Committee of the Institute lias directed attention to the provisions here noted and the member companies have been ask ed to conduct such tests on cloths which their companies can supply in compliance with the subject specifications. In addition, the Fellow has conducted similar tests on the applicable cloths which are on supply in this laboratory. The results of our tests are set forth in the attached table. Notable variations are apparent in the strength retention ' characteristics of the several cloths here investigated, however, in all cases, the values here obtained are well above those pro vided in the specifications. Following a completion of these tests by the several member companies of the Institute, the subject will be reviewed by the Technical Committee and, on the basis of this work, more realistic values may be recommended. Myril C, Shaw, Research Fellow MT-002891 MS 003486 PRODUCED JM - 83 ATI-79 Saimf7 ple Style 124 36P10 Und. loo ii it 139 II II 154 II M 161 II II 125 134 146 153 162 36P10 AA II II II II II II It II 129 151 163 36P10 AAA ii ii II II 152 155 159 22P10G It H 153 59T12 AA SC-C-466 Heat Aging Test 2 Hours C 200F. Tensile Strength Before . After Y/arp Fill YJarp Fill 123 45 150 67 137 76 133 53 125 46 130 52 144 66 139 68 128 59 114 41 Change after heat Y/arp Fill +2 -6 *2 -5 - 11 *7 1 -8 *1 -5 129 60 130 66 135 79 111 51 129 53 128 57 133 65 132 77 105 53 125 59 -1 5 -3 - 6' -4 -3 -1 --O ij 2 t6 166 71 120 58 157 54 179 69 125 62 166 54 + 13 *5 t9 -2 a4 -0 129 66 156 67 156 79 141 86 144 81 153 65 12 t8 t2 * 20 * 14 - 14 179 65 132 63 *3 -2 MS 003487 MT-002892 PROOVJCtO ATI-79 MINUTES of the Technical ' Committee Lieetin3 held Oct. 9, 1952 at Hotel Governor Clinton Her; York, L. Y. Ill ATTENDANCE: J. L. Tucker, Chairman JOHlJS-IvIAIJVILLE CO LLP. ASTER-HILL MFG. CO. D. V. As ten " JOIillS-MAHVILLH CORP. K. Q. Beyard Li. S. Badollet IT. S. MacAlpine B. A. Schuman ICEABBEY co MATT IS Oil CO. C. R. Frederick R. L. Lanz RAYBESTOS -MANHATTAN, IHC. M. Oliver J. M. V/eaver SMALL & PALICES LTD. G. E. Taylor SOUTHERN ASBESTOS CO. J. D. HcCluer UNION ASBESTOS & RUBBER CO. A. 17. Simmers The meeting was called to order at 10:00 a.m. and the minutes of the previous meeting, August 37-28, were read and accepted after which the following subjects were discussed. A. Cloth Standardization . 1. One correction was made in the list "Minimum Tensile Strength of Standard (no wire inserted) Asbestos Cloths". The cloth 40P10 in the AAA Grade was changed from 110 warp45 filling to 120 warp--50 filling. The list was then recommended for use by the Institute. 2. Time and temperature for heat aging. It was suggested that information requested previous to our meeting be sent in to Dr. Chav; as soon as possible. Information on tensile strengths at 200F is also necessary. Oo It was recommended that the information regarding asbestos-glass mixes (mentioned on page 2, paragraph 3 and 4 of the "Minutes of the Teclinical Committee held August 27 and 28, 1952) be inserted in SS-C-466 as follows: 3.3.3 - Class 1, asbestos plain weave. The construc tion shall be 18* 1 warp ends by 9fl picks per inch. The weight shall be 2.25 pounds per square yard, plus or minus 7 per cent. The tensile strength shall meet the requirements of Table 1, etc. 3.3.3.1 - Class 1, asbestos-glass plain weave. The cloth construction shall be the same as 3.3.3 with the addition that "The cloth shall contain not less than PRODUCED MS 003488 MT-002893 JM - 83 ATI-79 90# inorganic fiber. The inorganic fiber shall be a mixture consisting of not less than 73# asbestos and not more than 22# glass fiber." 3.5.3.2 - Class 3, asbestos trail weave. The con struction shall be 281=1 warp end by 9^1 picks per inch. The v/eight shall be 2.40 pounds per square yard, plus or minus 7 per cent. The tensile strength shall meet the requirements in Table 1. A strip of red cotton, etc. 3.3.3.3 - Class 3, asbestos-glass. The cloth con struction shall be the same as 3.3.3.2 with the addi tion "The cloth shall contain not less than 90# inorganic fiber. The inorganic fiber shall be a mixture consisting of not less than 78# asbestos and not more than 22# glass fiber." 3.3.4.1 - Class 1, asbestos plain weave, wire inser tion. Same as present 3.3.4.1. 3.3.4.2 - Class 1, asbestos-glass plain weave, The cloth construction shall be the same as 3.3.4.1 v.dth the addition "The cloth shall contain not less than 95# inorganic fiber. The inorganic fiber shall be a mixture consisting of not less than 79# asbestos and not more than 21# glass fiber. 3.3.5.1 - Class 1, asbestos plain v/eave, regular v/eight. Same as present 3.3.5.1. 3.3.5.2 - Class 1, asbestos-glass plain v/eave. The cloth construction shall be the same as 3.3.5.1 v/ith the addition "The cloth shall contain not less than 95# inorganic fiber. The inorganic fiber shall be a mixture consisting of not less than 79# asbestos and not more than 21# glass fiber. 3.3.5.3 - Class 2, asbestos plain v/eave, regular v/eight. Same as present 3.3.5.2. 3.3.5.4 - Class 2, asbestos-glass plain v/eave, light v/eight. The cloth construction shall be the same as new 5.3.5.3 with the addition "The cloth shall contain not less than 95# inorganic fiber. The inorganic fiber shall be a mixture consisting of not less than 79# asbestos and not more than 21# glass fiber. 3.3.5.5 - Class 2, asbestos plain weave, light v/eight, same as present 3.3.5.2. 3.3.5.6 - Class 2, asbestos-glass plain weave, light weight. The cloth construction to be the same as 3.3.5.5 v/ith the addition "The cloth shall contain not less than 95# inorganic fiber. The inorganic fiber shall be a mixture consisting of not less than 79# asbestos and not more than 21# glass fiber. PRODUCED MS 003489 MT-002894 IftA . n n r> ATI-79 3*3*5.7 - Class 3, asbestos tvn.ll weave. Same as present 3.3.5.3. 3.3.5.7 - Class 3, asbestos-glass twill weave. The cloth construction shall be the same as 3.5.5.6 with the addition "The cloth shall contain not less than 95f0 inorganic fiber. The inorganic fiber shall be a mixture consisting of not less than 79# asbestos and not more than 21# glass fiber. NOTE: Possibly SS-C-466 should be further changed so as to allow the'use ofglass fiber in the tapes'mentioned (3.6 Type IV, tape), also yarns (3.4 Type II, yarn rein forced with wire). B. Tape Standardization It was suggested that members collect rolls of standard tapes for a round-robin testing program to be outlined, in the near future. C. Braid Standardization The information now on hand lias to be analyzed before re commendations can be made. D. Asbestos-Glass Product performance should be investigated. E* Abradoflex Unit 1. It was recommended that a patent be applied for. 2. It was recommended that one unit be constructed. F. Fellowship VJork Dr. Shaw completed reports on: 1. Uestinghouse tests 2. Serviceability of asbestos cloths 3. Heat Aging of cloths G. Future Expansion of Asbestos Textile Institute 1. It was recommended tliat Dr. Shaw accept larger quarters available at Rutgers. 2. It v;as recommended that a committee be made up of mem bers of the Institute to plan future expansion of the Institute. MS 003490 MT-002895 PRODUCED JM-83 4 ATI-79 o H. Samples of Asbestos-Glass Yarns, tapes, and cloth should be sent to Dr. Shaw for evaluation and reports to be issued. Samples of 100 per cent glass yarns, tapes, and cloth are needed for evaluation and reports. I. Joint Committee Lleeting A meeting was held at 2:30 P.H. on October 9 with the Air Hygiene and Sales Promotion Committees which other members of the Institute attended. Subjects discussed were those previously covered in the Technical Committee's morning meeting vrith the addition of a general discussion on the Asbestos Textile Handbook, its publication and cost. Respectfully submitted, J. L. Tucker, Chairman MS 003491 MT-002896 PRODUCED ATI-79 r\ FELLOWSHIP REPORT EYRIL C. SHAW RESEARCH FELLOW ASBESTOS TEXTILE INSTITUTE n IIEW JERSEY CERAMIC RESEARCH STATION .' RUTGERS UNIVERSITY HEW BRUNSWICK, H. J. REPORT ,}2o December 11, 1952 MS 003492 MT-002897 PRODUCED JM-83 . INTRODUCTION ATI-79 An earlier report titled "The Strength-Characteristics of Asbestos Textiles at Elevated Temperatures", presented the results of our investigation covering twenty-four different specimens of asbestos textiles. This work has been continued and additional in formation is submitted at this time for inclusion as part of this investigation. Included in this latest work are studies of cloths which contain glass as continuous filament and as staple fiber. Also, information on additional 36P10 style cloths and several additional light-weight cloths is presented so that a more complete and industry wide representation of the commercially available materials may be observed. Other activities which have engaged the interest of the Fellow during recent months have been the projects related to (1) the deter mination of the glass and asbestos contents of asbestos textiles, (2) the significance of chemically combined iron in chrysotile and (3) the Heat Aging Test as covered in Uestinghouse PDG-2060-M. REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS Elevated Temperature Strength Characteristics The original report covering this work set forth the properties of twenty-four typical asbestos textiles. Since that report was issued, fourteen additional cloths have been investigated and this data has been combined with the earlier work so that a composite pre sentation is being made at this time. Table I sets forth the pertinent style, construction and asbestos content data for each cloth. It will be observed that in the later work, eight cloths which contain glass were investigated, five GS (staple glass) type cloths and three GC (continuous filament glass) type cloths. In addition, the characteristics of three light-weight .cloths, three 36P10 style cloths and one 39T12 style cloth have been established. Table II presents the tensile strength data for each cloth after being subjected to the several tests. The values for each set of test conditions are presented as (1) actual strength, in pounds, and (2) percent strength retained. Plates 1-1 thru 4-3 graphically present the rate of strength change as a result of thermal degradation. The over-all picture of the elevated temperature strength charac teristics of asbestos textiles shows no narked changes as a result of this additional work, however, more authenticity has perhaps been established since a greater number of units'now serve as a basis upon which a judgement can be resolved. However, in this later work, the performance of asbestos textiles which contain glass introduces new data, as far as the work oi the Fellowship is concerned, and this information should prove of interest. MS 003493 WIT-002898 PRODUCED ATI-79 -2- TABLE I Sanple # Type 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 165 166 167 36P10 36P10 48P10 48P10 26P1436P10 36P10 36P10 56T8. 36P10 36P10 4010.4 17P24 40H14 26P14 36P10 36P10-GS 40P10 38P10* 38P10 26P14 16P28 36P10 30P14 36P10-GS 36P10-GS 22P10G 36P10 36P10 22P10G 22P16 36P14 39T12 22P10G 36P10 26P14 3GP10-GG 36P10-GS Asbestos Content Percent 82.20 92.36 79.22 96.63 82.57 96.03 91.85 97.26 99.03 81.36 92.90 77.92 81.93 82.46 82.10 81.25 82.10 94.51 91.27 80.13 80.63 91.44 87.22 90.30 30.64 82.77 32.55 92.45 73.66 83.25 Grad< Und. AA Com, AAA Und. AAA AA AAA AAAA Und. AA Com Und. Und. Und. Und. AA Und. AA AA Und. Und. AA A AAA AA Und. AA Und. Und. Und. Und. AA Und. Com Und. AAA AA Uarp-Grade Tensile Strength Pounds 120.0 134.0 195.0 263' 82.5 166.0 144.0 120.0 181.5 150.0 151.0 163 oO 77.0 221.5 91.2 137.0 149.0 140.5 152.0 140.5 80.5 61.5 135.0 169.0 107.0 123.0 138 o0 109.0 130.0 145.0 112.0 92.0 204.0 162.0 141.0 103.0 162.0 129.0 , MS 003494 MT-002899 produced Jin-83 . Table II ATI-79 Tensile Strength Sample Temp. (Pounds Breah) ' (Percent Retained) OFt? . 11. THTrr. , 3A THTr. 11 2P HUr*r. 2PA4 THTtr> . 11 THT-nr. 8A TH-Tvr. 112P Hr. 24 Hr. 124 400 GOO 800 93.0 o3- 5 23.5 52,0 30.6 28.1 47.0 28.9 28.1 39.0 27.9 23,0 81.5 26.2 23.8 45,3 25.4 23.4 39 o0 24.0 23.4 32.5 P'7, ' O 23.3 125 400 600 300 113.0 79.3 81.0 34.0 79.0 82.6 73.0 73.6 83.0 73.0 76,6 83.5 84.5 59 o 5 60.5 63.0 59.0 61.6 58.0 53.6 62.0 53.0 57.2 62.2 126 400 600 300 157.0 100.5 60.9 53.2 56.5 54.0 92.9 58.1 54.0 82,3 56.2 55,0 30.5 51.2 29.0 51.5 29.8 27.7 47.5 29.3 27,7 42,5 28.8 to-jnI o/ 127 400 600 800 254 ->0 237.0 234.0 232.0 233.0 237.0 256 o0 222.0 53.0 254.0 249.0 243.0 96.6 90,5 98.1 90.1 90,1 96.5 39.0 39.8 94.8 38.3 84.5 94.4 126 400 600 300 59,4 19.0 18.9 33.8 16.9 13.9 29.1 18.4 13,5 26,2 18.3 18.1 72.0 23.0 22.9 41.0 22.9 22.9 35.2 OO ' 7w*. OO A 31.7 22.1 21.9 129 400 600 800 165.0 151.0 149.0 14-3.0 151.0 152 oO 148.0 151.0 156.0 157.0 157.0 145.0 99.4 91.0 94.0 91.0 91.6 94.5 89.6 39,0 94.5 89,3 89.0 37.5 . 130 400 600 300 138.0 114,0 112.0 102.0 108.0 100.0 98.2 93.1 109.0 103.0 105.0 104.0 96.0 75,0 76.0 79,2 69.5 75.0 77,8 63.0 73.0 71:0 68,0 72.1 131 400 600 300 118.0 112.0 111.0 110,0 114.0 109.0 107.0 106,0 97.0 37.0 36.0 86.0 93.5 95.0 30.0 94,0 91.5 73.0 92.5 39,0 72.0 91.0 83.0 72.0 152 400 600 300 153 400 600 300 177.0 172.0 171.0 163.0 173.0 171,0 169.0 166,0 149.0 137.0 157.0 155.0 111.0 39.0 9CO O 55.1 57.9 36 o0 46.0 37.6 36.1 0 56.7 56.0 97.5 96.0 82.0 74.0 26.0 24.4 95.0 94.0 75.0 56.3 OKO %/ O 24.0 94.0 93.0 75.0 30.6 25.1 24.0 92.5 91.0 74.0 OO ' p 24.4 24.0 134: 400 600 800 135 400 600 800 14-3.0 116,0 114.0 105,0 106.0 101.0 99.0 97,0 103.0 95.0 91,5 83.0 125.0 40 oJ 5.0 64,0 0ij/1` X o r> i o 53.0 24.0 24.0 4r'i'1-- .e* 6Oo 25.7 95.0 70.0 69.0 76.5 15.5 15.5 77.0 66.0 65.0 39.2 14.8 14.3 75.0 65.5 60.5 on r 14.7 14.7 70.0 65.0 59.0 ioOrU: r. v.- 14 c'. 6 14,5 MS 003495 mT-002900 produced Jin-83 ATI-79 Table II (Continued) Sample Temp. (Pounds Break) (Percent Retained) F. .1 Hr. 3 Hr, 12 Hr <y fO-j /** hTTyi a 1 Hr. 8 Hr. 13 Hr. 241 Ir. 136 400 600 800 61o9 25.1 25.0 5840 24.0 23.6" 24; 8 23.5 22.0 oo ^5 21.6 21.6 80; 5 32.6 32.4 50.0 31.2 30.6 4542 30,5 23.6 43.6 23.0 28.0 137 . 400 600 800 133 400 600 800 157 oO 63*0 59.2 66.9 24.5 2o *7 83.5 62.0 53.5 39.5 22.9 23.1 84.9 61.5 53.3 35.4 22.5 22.6 77.1 61.4 52,6 30.8 22.1 22.6 71.0 28.5 26.8 73.5 26.8 26.0 40.0 28,0 *O-V /-C p O 05 25.0 25.3 33.4 2O d7p.3O 38.8 24.7 24.8 34.8 27.7 23,8 r0^r0z *' 0r> 24.2 24.8 139 400 600 800 95.9 26.5 25.1 47.0 26,1 O A * Loj 42.6 26.0 24.2 36.7 25.3 OA o OC4 70.0 19.5 18.3 54 4 5 19.1 17.6 51.0 19.0 17.6 26.8 18.8 17.8 140 4-00 600 300 loO o 0 59.5 56.0 39.9 58 c, 4 55,6 85.6 57,455.6 82.3 55.5 55.6 37.5 40.0 37.6 59;6 59.2 37.3 57.5 33 0 5 o*7 9 0 55.1 57.2 37.3 141 4-00 600 300 104.0 42.0 35.0 73.0 37.0 69.0 36 .0 . 33o7 61.0 35 0 31.0 74.0 30,0 25.0 51.3 07.0 24c 5 u9.0 26.0 24 e 0 43.5 25.0 23.0 143 400 600 300 150.0 132.0 131.0 123.0 119.0 110.0 114.0 104.5 123.0 133.0 126.0 113.0 9848 78.8 81.0 87 oO 78.0 85.0 8640 75.5 82.9 3140 69,3 77.5 14-3 4-00 600 GOO 117.0 113.0 103.0 io6;o 88.2 86.8 34.4 82.0 91.0 103.0 103.0 94.0 33; 3 62.8 64.7 80 0 5 61.7 72,6 77.0 761 r0w/ D.0w' > 75.5 53.4 66.9 144 4-00 600 GOO 62.0 20.5 21,9 41.3 17.4 21,9 38.6 16.0 20.7 28.0 i5;e 19 , 9 77.0 25.4 27.2 51.2 21.6 i0v71 # AOv 48.0 19.8 25.7 34.7 19.4 24.7 145 400 600 800 49.5 27.1 25.5 43.1 26.1 24.2 42.6 24,0 23 o 2 OO 25.7 orU, O cw 80.5 44.0 41,5 7C.1 42.4 39,3 69.2 39,0 37.7 57.5 33.4 38.2 14-6 400 600 800 127.0 108.3 105.3 83.7 84.1 80.1 98.0 98.0 93.9 95,6 78.4 92.1 94.0 65.6 72.5 80,3 n 0 >z 72.5 73.0 59.5 69.5 71.0 53.0 68.3 147 400 600 800 15940 133 40 131.0 122.5 110.0 109,4 98.0 97.0 94.5 93.5 96.6 96.0 ' 24.0 65.0 56.0 7847 64,6 58.4 77.5 53.0 57.2 72.5 57.5 56.3 MS 003496 MT-002901 produced JM - 83 : ATI-79 Table II (Continued) Sample Temp. (Pounds Break) ' (Percent Retained) F. 1 Hr. 8 Hr0 12 Hr. 24Hr. 1 Hr. 8 Hr, 13 Hr. 24Hr. 148 400 600 800 93.0 83.9 78.1 72.0 78.0 76.0 79.0 74.0 76.4 77.0 76.1 77.0 87.0 78.5 7340 67.5 72.9 71.0 73.9 69,,1 71.4 72.0 71.0 72.0 149 400 600 800 95.0 76.1 63.0 54.0 57.0 55.6 67.0 50.1 53.9 64,0 52.9 58.0 77.0 61.9 51 o o 45.9 46.3 45.0 54,5 40.8 43,8 52.0 43.0 47.1 152 400 600 800 150.0 120.0 118.0 103.0 31.0 19.0 17.0 15.0 17.1 16,0 13.0 12.0 109.0 87.0 22.4 15.8 12.4 11.6 85.5 12.3 9.4 74.6 10.9 8.7 153 400 600 800 95.0 73.0 60.0 57.0 53.0 51.2 72.1 53 oO 50.0 67.0 50.0 52.5 87.0 67.0 55.0 52.3 48.5 47,0 66.0 48.6 45.9 61.5 45.9 48.1 154 400 600 800 117.0 71.0 32.1 29.0 28,0 28.0 67.0 29.0 28.1 65,0 29.0 27.0 90.0 54.5 24,7 22.3 21.6 21.6 51.5 22.3 21.6 50.0 22.3 20.8 155 400 600 800 170.0 161.0 159.0 142.0 39.0 21.0 19.0 16.4 15.5 15.0 14.5 14.0 117.0 111.0 110.0 26,8 14.5 lo o 1 10.7 10.3 10.0 97.8 11.3 9.65 156 400 600 800 83.0 49.1 31.0 26.0 24.1 24.1 44,0 23.9 27,5 40.0 22.0 26.0 74.0 43.8 27.7 0 7. 9 ^O 21.5 21.5 39.2 21.4 24.6 35.7 19.6 23.2 157 400 600 800 76.6 53,5 34.0 29.0 29.6 29.8 52.0 25.0 30.6 52.0 27.0 30.6 83.3 58.1 36.9 31.5 3202 32.4 56.5 27.2 33.2 56.5 29.3 33.2 158 400 600 800 192.0 133.0 182.0 177.0 156.0 154.0 157.0 156.0 160.0 152.0 152.0 140.0 94.0 89.6 76,5 75.5 78.5 74.5 89,2 77.0 74.5 86.8 76.5 68.5 159 400 600 800 151.0 132.0 118.0 101.0 45.9 31.0 24.0 22.0 22.6 21.5 21.5 21.6 93.3 81.5 28.3 19.1 13.9 13.3 72.8 14.8 lo o 62.4 13.6 13.3 160 400 600 800 100.0 44.0 9.6 9.6 9.1 9.0 33.0 8.3 8.5 26.0 8.0 9.0 71.0 31.2 6o8 6.8 6.4 6.4 23 o 4 5.9 6.0 18.4 5.7 6.4 MT-002902 MS 003497 PRODUCED JM - 83 ATI-79 -6- Table II (Continued) Sample Tenro. (Pounds Break) (Percent Retained) O-rp I* 0 1 Hr. 8 Hr. 12 Hr . 24 Hr, 1 Hr. 8 Hr. 12 Hr. 24 Hr. 165 400 600 800 94.0 63.0 47.0 40.6 42.0 40.0 64 o 3 59.0 40.0 5o o 5 41.0 40.0 91 o 2 66.0 45,6 39.4 40.7 38 o 8 62,5 38 o 8 53.8 52.0 39.8 38 o 8 166 400 600 800 150.0 125.0 120.0 108.0 111.0 111.0 125.0 106.0 106.0 119.0 106.0 103.0 92.6 77.2 74.0 66,6 685 68.5 77.2 65.5 65.5 73.5 65.5 66.5 167 400 600 800 115.0 87.0 63.0 62.9 63.1 64.0 83.0 60.0 65.0 74.0 65o0 69.0 39,2 67.4 52.6 48,7 49.0 49.6 64: o O 46.5 50o3 57.4 48.9 53.5 n MS 003498 r' MT-002903 PRODUCED JM-83 SUBJECT RUTGERUNIVERSITY TK Stale U ersitjf of New Jersey NEW BRUN WICK, NEW JERSEY ATI-79 DATE SHEFT 12 HOURS PRODUCED JM-83 PI ATF l-l SUBJECT RUTGEK . UNIVERSITY TH* Slot* I'*! *pfity of N*w jrt*y npw brut'^amcic. ntw ATI-79 DATE sheet SUBJECT RUTGERS UNIVERSITY Ih $fot* l? > *ruty # N*w Jersey NEW BRUN'VICK. NEW JtRifci ATI-79 DATE sheet NAM* SUBJECT 'RUTGERS UNIVERSITY TKe State L /erjity of Now Jersey NEW BRUNSWICK, NEW JERbt.r' ATI-79 DATE PAGE SHEET SUBJECT Ruroe . UNIVE-RSI1 Y ofrhi* State (.' />*rsity New Jcfey NEW BRUt wick. N?.W ,M..hr ATI-79 DATE Hm MS 003503 SUBJECT RUTGERS UNIVERSITY Ih* Sto<<* ! vertily of Mpw J*f*y NEW BRIM >WICK. NEW I? :(Y ATI-79 sheet SUBJECT RUTGER'* UNIVERSITY oiThe Stole L' >*ri'ty New Jney NEW BRUN WtCK, NEW JCRSc'' ATI-79 s,n DATE f-. a v>; SUBJECT Ruror. , uNivfcRf-nv The $*otp i :*i*y of New J**ijpy NEW BRUh .VICK, Nf.W nr'l ' ATI-79 DATE SHEET NAME SUBJECT RUTGEPr UNIVERSITY Th State U' Jeriejr NEW BRUNSWICK, NIW J?Rr,FY ATI-79 DATE CAGE SHEET NAMF SUBJECT RUTGER'. UNIVERSITY S.otp U pf Nw lenmy NEW BRUNSWICK, NEW JERiEY ATI-79 sHcn DATE SUBJECT RU1GE:. ) UNIVERSITY Th# Stafr University of New Jersey NEW BRUT'WICK, NEW JERSEY ATI-79 DATE SHEET SUBJECT RUTGERS UNIVERSITY Th# Stat U'meri*y of Nw Jeny NEW BRUNSWICK. NEW JERSEY ATI-79 DATE SHEET ATI-79 -17- Gn plates 2-1 thru 2-3 are shown cloths #152, #155 and #159, designated 22P10G-GC, Underwriters Grade, which contain glass as continuous filament. It is interesting to note that at 400F, two of the three cloths show increasing strength characteristics during the first hour of'heat treatment, however, after reaching a maximum in the first hour, there occurs a notable loss in strength up to 24hours. The same cloths, heated at 600F, show markedly inferior strength characteristics over the entire 24 hour cycle when compared to other light weight cloths. The same inferior characteristics will he noted for the 800F. heat treatment. _ On plates 1-1 thru 1-3, cloths #140, #148, #149, #166 and #167. designated 36P10-GS, contain glass as staple fiber introduced in the original fiber blend. Cloth #148 is presumably Grade AAA, containing approximately 20# glass; cloth #149 is presumed to be Grade AA with 20# glass and cloth #140 is presumed to be Grade AA with 7# glass. The glass content of cloths #166 and'#167 is not known, howeveri they are presumed to be Grade AAA and Grade AA respectively. The strength characteristics of these glass bearing cloths, at elevated tempera tures, would seem to indicate that the glass additions have not enhanced the tensile strengths of those cloths at elevated tempera tures. For example, cloths #148 and ,#1.66'are presumed to be Grade AAA cloths, however, the resultant strengths fall within the range-of regular grade AA asbestos cloths. Also cloths #149, #167 and ;,140, presumed to be Grade AA, have tensile strength retentions which fall well below most of the regular Grade AA asbestos cloths, the one exception being cloth #153. It is regretable that there is not available more information relative to the composition and construction of these glass bearing cloths. The grade or grades of asbestos used in the blends, the glass fiber length and the yarn twist are but a few of the bits of peitinent information which would be required if the results here reported were to be properly analysed. The remaining data presented in the four sets of plates serves to substantiate, in the main, the findings presented in the first report. Tliree additional 56P10 regular asbestos cloths are included on plates 1-1 thru 1-3, two additional 26P14 cloths and one additional 22PJL6 cloth are included on plates 2-1 thru 2-5 and one 33T12 regular asbestos cloth has been added to plates 4-1 thru 4-3. On the basis of all of the data procured, to date, the following tabulation serves to illustrate the range of values for strength retention for the group of thirteen different styles of cloths here investigated at the two temperatures--600F. and 800F. It will be observed that the range of values for all styles in the grades Underwriter, AA and AAA is quite broad. For example, in Underwritersgrade at 600F a minimum value of 19# was found for styles 22P16, 26P14 and 56P10 and a maximum strength retention of 39.5,0 was found for one sample of 26P14 and 38# for one sample of 16P28. At 800F. very much the same relationship was found to exist although slightly lower strength retentions were found. . MS 003511 MT-002916 PRODUCED JM -83 ATI-79 -18- PorcGnt Strength Retained at Temp. F. Style Und. 60QF_____________________________ 800F AA AAA AAAA Und. AA AAA AAAA 16P28 38 38 17P24 28 28 22 PI6 19.5 23 26P14 19-39 22-33 36P10 19-24 4G-48 88-89 _17-19 48-72 72-87 58P10 63*69 67.77 40P10 25 23 48P10 84 94 40H14 28 23 38T12 76 68 56T8 91 74 22P10G 10-13 8.5-13 36P10 GS 37.5-43*5 65-71 37*53 66.72 Range 19-39 46-69 76-89 91 17-38 43-77 68-94 74 MS 003S12 MT-002917 PRODUCED JM-83 ATI-79 -19- n In the AA grade cloths investigated, the strength retentions . ranged from 46% to 69.5% at 600F and from 48% to 77.5% at 000F. Here it will he seen that the strength retentions are somewhat ' greater at the higher temperature than at the lower temperature, an observation that lias been noted in the previous reports covering this work. The Grade AAA cloths exhibited strength retentions of from 76% to 89% at 600F and from 63% to 94.5% at 800 F. In the above evaluations, the cloths which contained glass were not included. In most cases, the inclusion of these would have effectively reduced the minimum values for those grades of regular asbestos textiles wherein they might be included and it was felt that an unfair interpretation might result were they incorporated. For example, at 600F., those cloths which contained staple glass in the Grade AA showed strength retentions of from 37.5% - 43.5% whereas the regular asbestos textiles in the same style, 56P10, showed retentions of from 46% to 68%. Likewise, in Grade AAA, the regular asbestos cloths retained from 88%-39% whereas the glass-con taining cloths retained only 65% to 71%. The same relative relationship exists at 800F. The 22P10G cloths show markedly inferior elevated temperature ry strength retention properties when compared with any of the other Underwriters grade cloths here studied. The conclusions which might'be established as a result of this additional work are, in the main, substantia3.1y the same as were set forth in the first report on this subject. Tie still feel that the classification of asbestos textiles on the basis of a rigid asbestos content-temperature relationship is misleading and does not serve to accurately portray the wide range of properties which may be incor porated in an asbestos textile as a result of varying weights, weaves and constructions. The use of glass as a substitute for asbestos fibers appears to perhaps offer an economic advantage in that the supply of critical asbestos spinning fiber maybe extended through such'an operation, however, it does not appear, on the basis of this Y-Tork, that glass in either the continuous or staple form contributes anything to the elevated temperature service performance. It may well be that as improved manufacturing techniques are devised, these properties will also be improved, however, the information available at this time r:ould not serve to advance this possibility. MS 003513 JWT-002918 PRODUCED JM -83 ATI-79 -20- Glass-Asbestos Content of Asbestos Textiles,, During recent months some additional work has been carried out in an effort to establish the feasibility of adopting the pycnometer method, specific gravity determination to the determination of the glass content of asbestos-glass combination textiles. Dr. Llaier, Raybestos-LIanhattan, Inc., and'LIr. U, P, Sinclair, U. S. Naval Engineering Experiment Station, have been carrying out similar tests and the results of all of this work has not proven too encouraging. The results obtained in the several laboratories have not been consis tant and the differences have been so great that a serious review of the techniques involved is indicated. If differences such as those now being encountered are to continue.- such a technique would be out of the question. If it is the will of this committee and the Institute that this work be continued as an active project of the Fellowship, we wrill endeavor to arrive at some definite conclusions during the coming months. Significance of Chemically Combined Iron in Chrysotilc. An effort has been made to obtain the necessary equipment to conduct dielectrics strength tests on samples of asbestos fiber felts submitted some time ago by Hr. J. LI. heaver. As a result of our o conference with the head of the Electrical Engineering Department at Rutgers we have obtained permission to use certain pieces of equip ment in that laboratory to carry out this work. However, it was pointed out that there are many variables which must be considered when making such determinations and we were referred to A.3.T.M. D 149 for particulars. The following excerpts from this specification are presented for consideration. Nature and Types of Tests (a) The dielectric strength of an insulating material is the maximum potential gradient that the material can withstand without rupture. It is calculated from the breakdown voltage and the thick ness of the specimen at or near the point of rupture, and is commonly expressed in volts per mil or volts per millimeter. The value ob tained in a test trill depend upon the method and conditions of test- (b) In general, the dielectric strength of insulating materials decreases with time of exposure to the electrical stress. Tests in volving short exposures are, therefore, primarily comparative and net indicative of the breakdown of the materials under prolonged exposure to lower stresses. (c) For quick determinations of dielectric strength, the short time test has been devised. For fairly rapid determinations, but lay n ing more emphasis upon the time factor, the step-by-step test has been arranged. For tests involving longer time factors, reference should be made to the applicable A.5.T.1I. methods for the material to be tested# MS 003514 MT-002919 PRODUCED JM -83 ATI-79 -21- Electrodes The dielectric strength of an insulating material varies Y/ith the thickness of the material and the area and geometry of the test elec trodes. Tests made r/ith different electrodes are not comparable. './here materials are made up into forms of uniform thickness, such as sheets and plates, tests shall he made upon that thickness of mater ial. In other cases, a thickness of test specimen and diameter and shape of electrode have been selected that are compatible ruth con venience of testingo The electrodes used shall be as follows: (a) Thin Solid Materials (Sheets and Flatcs) : (1) 'Video--Lletal aisles 2 in. in diameter, and 1 in. in length with the-edges rounded to a radius of 1/4 in, (2) Harrow (Tapes).--Opposing cjtLindrical rods 1/4 in. in diameter Y/ith edges rounded to a radius of 1/32 inc Upper movable electrode shall r/eigh 0.1 * 0o005 lb (b) Thick Solid Materials.--Metal disks 1 in, in diameter, and 1 in. in length with edges rounded to a radius of 1/8 in. Test Specimens (a) The dielectric strength of an insulating material varies with the thickness of the test specimen. Tests on specimens of dif ferent thickness are therefore not comparable. The specimens shall be representative of the material to be tested. Sufficient material shall be available to permit making five satisfactory tests, (Section 11). (b) Thin Solid Materials (Sheets and Plates).--The test speci mens need be only of sufficient area to prevent flash-over under the conditions of test. (c) Thick Solid Materials.--The breakdovai voltage of thick solid materials is so high that special test specimens, of reduced thickness shall be cut or molded. For details of these specimens, reference shall be made to the specific methods for the materials to be tested. Conditioning of Test Specimens (a) The dielectric strength of most insulating materials variet Y/ith temperature and humidity,. Usually it is desirable to determine" the dielectric behavior of a material over the range of temperature and humidity to Y/hich it is likely to be subjected in use. As this varies for different materials reference shall be made for informa tion concerning the conditioning treatment of a particular material to the specific method for that material. Materials may be condi tioned in a suitably controlled chamber. The tost specimens shall be kept in the chamber long enough to reach a uniform temperature and humidity before voltage is applied. The dielectric strength tests MS 003515 Mr-002920 PRODUCED ATI-79 _oo_ shall bo made on the'specimen while still in the conditioning chamber.. For purpose of tests, a high-voltage conductor may be conveniently carried into the chamber through an insulating bushing-. (b) For tests made in air, use may be made of any voiddesigned oven of sufficient size to hold the test cquipnmt- .It should be provided with some means of circulating the air. so that approximately constant temperature is maintained around the test specimen, and with a thermometer or thermocouple for measuring the temperature as near the j^oint of test as practicable. Application of Voltage (a) Short-Time Test.--The voltage shall be increased from zero to breakdown at a uniform rate. For solid materials, the rate of rise shall be 0.5 or 1.0 kv. per sec., depending on the total test time required and the voltage-time characteristic of the material. For the rate applicable to a given material, reference shall be made to tlie test method for that material. For liquid materials, the rate of rise shall be 3 kv; per sec. (b) Step-by-Step Test.--An initial voltage shall be applied ' equal to 50 per cent of the breakdown voltage in the short-time test, adjusted as shown in the following table: Breakdown Voltage by Short-Time Method Adjust 50 per cent of Breakdown Voltage to the Nearest 25 kv. or less.........................1.0 kv. (except as other wise specified) Over 25 to 50 lev., incl...2.0 lev. Over 50 to 100 lev., incl..5.0 la/-. Over 100 lev.............................10.0 kv. The voltage shall then bo increased in equal increments as stated in the various material specifications, the voltage being held at each step for a definite time as stated in the specifications, The change from each step to the next higher shall be made as rapid.-.;/ as possible, and the time of change included in the succeeding tost interval. Number of Tests Unless otherwise specified, five tests shall be made. If the average deviation from the mean exceeds 10 per cent, or if any indi vidual test deviates more than 15 per cent from the mean, five addi tional tests shall be made. The dielectric strength shall be deter mined from the average of all tests. Tie are prepared to proceed with these determi. nations, however, before proceeding, would appreciate an expression regarding the conditions of test in order that any results we may obtain wall be comparable wuth other existing data. MS 003516 WIT-002921 PRODUCED Jill - 83 ATI-79 -23- Westinghousc PDS-2060-M. Iir < C. R.^ Frederick and the Follow coni erred on October 30, 1952 with Hr* J. B. Atkinson and Hr. J. R. ".'elshons, './estinghouse Electric Corp., regarding the subject specification. As a result of tnis conference the Fellow was asked to rewrite sections 6 of these specifications on the basis of our conversations at that tine. The rewritten.section was submitted to Hr. Uolshons, in accordance with ins truetions, on November 10) 1952. To date, no reply has been received regarding our communication. Herewith attached are copies of our letter of transmittal and the rewritten section of the specifications. CONCLUSIONS During recent months we have endeavored to complete the work re lated to the determination of the elevated temperature serviceability characteristics of asbestos textiles. The work here reported covers the full range of styles and grades of cloths in our possession. If it is felt that there should be further studies in this>connection or additional materials should be investigated, an expression in this regard would be appreciated. There lias been interest expressed, during recent meetings, which would indicate that these elevated temperatures studies should be extended to cover tapes and braids. If this is the intention of the membership, we will be glad to include such work as an active project. The projects related to 1) the determination of the glass con tent of asbestos-glass combination cloths, and 2) the determination of the significance of chemically combined iron in chrysotile, have not received a great amount of our attention to date, due to the concentration of'our efforts in the above'noted elevated temperature studies, however, it is now our intention, if it is the will of the Institute, to more actively engage in the consideration of these pro jects. At the last meeting of the Institute, the Technical Committee indicated a desire to expand the work and facilities of the Fellow ship. Specific action in this connection was withheld, however, awaiting the further consideration of the Technical Committee rela tive to the program to be undertaken. The projects covered in this report constitute the Fellowship program at this tine and it would seem that a review of these projects as well as the establishment cf new problems for investigation should now be considered if the ex pansion program is to proceed. In this connection the followIng ob servations might serve as a basis for some considerations. Cl) Huch interest is being evidenced in connection with miner fibers, other than chrysotile; which nay serve our indust V Uould a study of the fundamental properties and physical characteristics of these minerals be of interest to the Ins titute? MS 003517 nit-002922 PRODUCED JM - 83 ATI-79 _-0/1 (2) Some tine ago, aluminum-clad asbestos textiles were of interest to some of our members. This work was withdrawn from Fello1..'ship consideration some time ago. Has any thing developed which would indicate that further work should be conducted? (3) An interest has been expressed in resinated asbestos textiles. It has been suggested that the Fellow should seek the cooperation of various resin manufacturers in an effort to develop an improved resinated asbestos textile material. It has been pointed out that this approach was used by the glass industry and the success of t'nat operation is well known. There are, no doubt, many problems which should be included on the program of research for the Institute and Chairman Tucker has submitted suggestions in this regard in his most recent memorandum which serves as the agenda for this meeting. The observations here noted by the Fellow are offered merely as suggestions which might serve to further facilitate the considerations of the Institute membership regarding this subject. The effectiveness of the Fellowship program and the extent to which it can best serve the Institute membership is largely dependent upon the caliber of the projects assigned for consideration. Ue ' are desirous of performing a maximum service for the Institute and, in this, rely upon the judgement of the individual members to establish, a program which will bear a practical relationship to industrial problems of significance. MS 003518 r\ MT-002923 PRODUCED JM - 83