Document XRq96kObndXK9zJnn4D9qLgJy

ADHESIVES IN NEW YORK REGION DSW 586801 STLCOPCB4092135 CONTENTS I MARKETPLACE II POUND OF PLASTICIZER AVAILABLE III. PITFALLS & PROBLEMS . . . III-B PLASTICIZERS USED IN MARKET IV. MAJOR ADHESIVES AREAS . . A. BAG MAKING ....................... B. BOTTLE LABELING . . . C. CARTON SEALING . . . D. HOT MELT ...... V. CONCLUSION ........................................ B.R. Dolimount October 25, 1976 DSW 586802 STLCOPCB4092136 I Marketplace The Marketplace in the New York Region is a mixture of customer size and demands going from a major like National Starch's (3.6M estimated 160 purchases) down to an all adhesives of (200 lbs S-160). At this point before we continue any further the reader should be aware that the adhesive business is unique from the standpoint that there is very little technical sophistication involved in the business and entry into it requires very limited capital if any at all. All that one needs is a 55 gallon drum, a canoe, paddle, some resin and plasticizer, stir twice, and you have an adhesive. Therefore, as you can see by the following list, there are a multitude of adhesive houses most of them garage operation or in slum areas. i I DSW 586803 STLCOPCB4092137 e ' . . (. lodiifield ' :v-"4' ;v" Roman "Adhesiuesifnc., 5 Lawrence St Burlington guco Oivision/Hooker Chemicals ft Plastics Corp., River Road (Branch plant at Hicksville, NY.) Sutler Philadelphia Quartz Co. (General offices at Valley Forge, Penna.) Camden R. M. Hollingshead Corp., 16th and Mickle Sts. Manufacturers Chemical Co., 1450 Ferry Ave. Plastics Consulting & Manufacturing Co., 1431 ferry Ave. Carlstadt Air-O-Plastik Corp., Asia Place k Burry Colonial Division, Adelphi Industries, 263 Veterans Blvd. (Factory located at 20th ft Broad Sts.) William Dixon Co., 750 Washington Ave. Randolph Products Co., Park Place East Vorac Co., 320 Paterson Plank Road Cedar Grove Bishop Electric Division, Sola Basic Industries, 10 Canfield Road Clark Karnak Chemical Corp., 330 Central Ave. "Bebtex Corp., 1 River Road (General offices at Tampa, Fla.) <7 - , i Edison H. B. Fuller Co., 59 Brunswick Ave. (General of fices at St. Paul, Minn.) Paisley, Standard Brands Chemical Industries, Inc., 29 Mack Drive (Branch plants at Atlanta, Ga.; Cheswold, Del.; Chicago, III.; Los Angeles, Calif.; Newark, Calif., and St. Louis, Mo.) Zeston, Inc., Liddle Ave. (General offices at Fords, NJ.) Elizabeth Emkay Chemical Co., 321 Second St. Englewood Cliffs Corn Products, A Unit of CPC International, Inc., International Plaza (Branch plants at Argo, III.; Corpus Christi, Texas; North Kansas City, Mo., and Pekin, III.) Coating Products, Inc., 580 Sylvan Ave. (Factory at New Britain, Conn.) Fair Lawn Chemionics Adhesives Division, Tex-Chem Co., 20 Wagaraw Road Fairview Hibner & Co., 691 West Prospect Ave. Fords Ashland Chemical Co., Resins ft Plastics Division (Genera) offices at Columbus, Ohio) Zeston, Inc. (Factory at Edison, N.J.) x nonoKen V'Henkel, Inc., 1301 Jefferson St. (General offices at Teaneck, N.J.) Jersey City Baker Sealants ft Coating Co., 234 Suydam Ave. Bond Adhesives Co., 120 Johnston Ave. Lamcote Division, Arvey Corp., 300 Communipaw Ave. (General offices at Chicago, III.) .Saxon Adhesive Products, Inc., 880 Garfield Ave. Kearny Congoleum Industries, Inc., 195 Belgrove Drive (Branch plants at Passaic Ave.; Cedarhurst, Md.; Marcus Hook, Penna., and Trenton, NJ.) Staley Chemical Division, A. E. Staley Manufac turing Co., 320 Schuyler Ave. (Branch plant at Lemont, III.) Talon Adhesives Corp. Keyport Elastomers, Ltd., 100 Clark St. Linden General Polymers Corp., 2 Sherman St. Solarite Adhesives Division, Solar Compounds Corp., 1201A West Blancke St. Lyndhurst Millmaster Onyx Corp., Polyurethane Specialties Division, 624 Schuyler Ave. Refined-Onyx Division, Millmaster Onyx Corp., 624 Schuyler Ave. Sika Chemical Corp., 875 Valley Brook Ave. (Branch plant at Los Angetes, Calif.) Tanatex Chemical Co., Page and Schuyler Aves. Oilton Allied Conr^aositions Corp., 16 Cherry St. Applied Polymers of America, Inc., 210 Dela- ^anna Ave. BfC Division, Essex Chemical Corp., 1401 H'oad St. (Factory at Sayreville, N.J.; branch plants at Baltimore, Md.; La Mirada, Calif., .and Peabody, Mass.) J'thside Chemicals, Inc., 10 Colfax Ave. J'dler, lnc,, 164 Brighton Road , ft Corp., 16 Richmond St. wiwer Latex Co. of America, 210 Oelawanna ' eve. Garfield Accurate-Hampton Tape Products Division, Amer ican Biltrite, Inc., 44 Hepworth Place (Branch plant at New Rochelle, N.Y.) Zamal Research, Inc., 260 Pierre Ave. Garwood Asbestos Corp. of America, 31 North Ave. Gillette Smooth-On, Inc., 1000 Valley Road Gloucester City Products Research ft Chemical Corp., 410 Jersey Ave. (General offices at Burbank, Calif.) Mahwah Research Sales, Inc., Route 202 and North Ramapo Ave. Manville Johns-Manville Corp., Research ft Engineering Dept. (General offices at New York, N.Y.) Matawan Gibson-Homans Co. (General offices at Cleve land, Ohio) Precision Technical Products, Inc., Line Road (Factory at Perth Amboy, N.J.) Maywood Acme Adhesives, Inc., 207 West Central Ave. Middlesex fietham Corp., Lincoln Blvd. and River Road Borden Chemical Division, Borden, Inc., 930 Lin coln Blvd. (General offices at Columbus, Ohio) Coated Products, Inc., 275 Lincoln Blvd. STLCOPCB4092138 V t NEW JERSEY f Bayonne Dunbar Sales Co., 37 Ave. C Belleville Hardman, Inc., 600 Cortlandt St. Petronio Shoe Products Corp., 302 Cortlandt St Rinbro Adhesives Co., 305 Cortlandt St DSW 586805 STLCOPCB4092139 > Inmu Corp.. Pressure-Sensitives Division, Old *"jnders Roidjttewid offices at Newark, JJ ..... t . - w Brunswick ' viand Products, Inc., 695 Joyce Kilmer Ave. 1 ' rniacel i wark i iti-Hydro Waterproofing Co., 269 Badger Ave. i (Branch plant at 56 East Bigelow St.) : hnL Armitage & Co., 239 Thomas St. (Branch plants at Elk Grove Village, III. and Richmond, Calif.) . hland Chemical Co., Resins & Plastics Division (General offices at Columbus, Ohio) nrad-Hanovia, Inc., 100 Chestnut St. , mpac Corp.. Pressure Sensitives Division, 420 Frelinghuysen Ave. (Branch plants at Chicago, III.; Montebello, Calif., and Netcong, N.J.) : blon, Inc., 84 Waydell St. (Factory at 85 Foundry St.) co Plus, Inc., 205 Thomas St. ixcraft Industries, Inc., 527 Ave. P sen Industries, 88 St. Francis St. (Factory at B50 Wilson Ave.) as & Waldstein Co., 2121 McCarter High way. itex-A-Cote, Inc., 27-T Haynes Ave. rth Brunswick ery Label Systems Division, Avery Products Corp., 1385 Livingston Ave. (General offices at Azusa, Calif.) ittey irtonite Co., 49 Franklin Ave. Bestwood corp., BOO Port Beading Ave. Rahway Philadelphia Ouartz Co. (General offices at Valley Forge, fenna.) Ridgefield Thomas W. Dunn Corp., 9 Victoria Terrace C. B. Hewitt & Brothers, Inc., 9 Victoria Terrace Ridgewood Parcloid Chemical Co. (Factory at Paterson, NJJ Riverton National Casein Co. (General offices at Chicago, III.) Roselle KSH-Chemicals Corp., 311 Cox St. Roselle Park Crossfield Products Corp., 140 Valley Road (Gen eral offices at Compton, Calif.) Mearl Corp., 222 Westfield Ave. West American Cyanamid Co., Chemical Products Department, Process Chemicals, Berdan Ave. (Research Laboratories at Stamford, Conn.) . American Cyanamjd Co., Industrial Chemicals & Plastics Division, Plastics Department, Berdan Ave. (Factory at Wallingford, Conn.) Clifton Adhesive, Inc., Burgess Place West Caldwell Marubeni-America Corp., 14 Henderson Drive West Orange Hudson Industries Corp., 19 Hutton Ave. (Branch plants at Hudson, N.Y., and Johnstown. N.Y.) Westwood Fluoramics, Inc. Woodbine National Tape Corp., Adams Ave. (General offices at South Plainfield, N.J.) Woodbury Polyrez Co., Railroad & South Columbia St. Sayreville BFC Division, Essex Chemical Corp., 899 Main St. (General offices at Clifton,*NJ.) Guard Polymer & Chemical Corp., Horseshoe Road Insul-Coustic/Birma Corp., Jemee Mill Road (Branch plant at Greenfield, Ind.) South Orange Bonded Products, Inc., 4 Lackawanna Place NEW YORK Allegany Conap, Inc., 184 East Union St. (Facr- ;; Olean. . N-Y.) ramus mball Systems Division, Litton Business Systems, Inc., East 64 Midland Ave. (Branch plants at Chicago, III., and Cleveland, Ohio) issaic ^ules Chemical Co., Ill South St. (General offices et New York, N.Y.) iterson ** flor Products Co., 460 Straight St. (Gener- offices at Great Meadows, NJ.) ttl|e Division, Sun Chemical Corp., 185 Sixth Ave. lfdoid Chemical Co. (General offices at Ridge wood, NJ.) South River W. W. Henry Co., Foot of Whitehead Ave. (Gen eral offices at Huntington Park, Calif.) L & M Surco Manufacturing, Inc., Whitehead Ave. (Branch plants at Atlanta, Ga., and Dal las, Texas) Teaneck ^Henkel, Inc., 480 Alfred Ave. (Branch plants at 1301 'Jefferson St.; Charlotte, N.C., and Hoboken, NJ.) Totowa H & N Chemical Co., 90 Maltese Orive Amsterdam Mohasco Industries, Inc.. 57 i.cr Bainbridge Borden Chemical Division. x-e-. ire.. 9 Johnson St. (General cftices r. Toumbus. Ohio) Baldwin Contact Industries, lnc_ 2151 Vs-or Ave. I Beacon Tuck Industries, Inc., 2-'-3 Ticarcs Sw Genera) offices at New Roche ie. V. Grove Stot*. Inc., 76 South Virginia Ave. k Amboy 'f*x Corp., Smith St. and Victory Bridge (Gen- offices at Tampa, Fla.) " Wortell Co. (General offices at Kankakee, jxion Technical Products, Inc., 51 Washing " *L (General offices at Matawan, NJJ *P*W|J': I - - , 'Industries, Ir*c.i1!59 Centre 3L (General of**!*tffew York, N.YJ -air, ..... Trenton Chemical Sealing Corp., Steel Drive (General of Bellmore fices at Kansas City, Mo.) Miracle Adhesives Corp. 150 Branck -> Congoleum Industries, Inc. (General offices at plant at New Phi laoa cma Kearny, NJ.) Novagard Corp., 835 New York Ave. Thiokol Corp., Chemical Division, 930 Lower Ferry Road (Branch plant at Moss Point, Miss.) Bronx ` '^ Adhesive Products Or-. '53 San* Ave. Union Rubber & Asbestos Co., 232 Allen SL Peter Cooper Corp.. *33 Sanersi j Union Red Devil, Inc., 2400 Vauxhall Road issr Jices at Gowanda, V '. Croda Colloids Corp., SCSi . i^erit Offices'"Wt nV%* 1 * U ^avalatexJi Cfcpmfeail^SIllSwiiitf" _ -**oad "u"t K ^ , Wallington , ,V-^ -.a. %?$!3#ubba, 4nc., 4015 tascTac It : ^ lh ' P^rKUr0Dnhreakjblef^>ysa:|' Industrial Latex Co., 306 Mount pleasant Ave.j; ' ` ...- - - . ... .............. ' SSr DSW 586806 i i r I stfPl p w ip g p ff STLCOPCB4092140 HEW YORK (Coirt'd) Tonawanda - National Manufacturing Corp., 153 Fillmore Troy Norton Tape Division, Norton Co. (General of fices at Worcester, Mass.) Waterford General Electric Co.. Silicone Products Depart ment Westbury Adchem Corp.. 625 Main St. (Branch plant at 85 New York Ave.) Berco Industries Corp., 1250 Shames Drive Permafuse Corp.. 675 Main St. Polymer Plastics Corp., 2300 Shames Drive White Plains Reichhold Chemicals, Inc., 525 North Broadway (Adhesives plants at Andover, Mass.; Char lotte, N.C.: Houston. Texas; South San Francis co, Calif.; Tacoma, Wash., and Tuscaloosa, Ala.) DSW 586807 Woodside Vitricon, Inc., 25-29 50th St. r STLCOPCB4092141 BrqpUyn * jiCfeesive Tape Corp., 68 Seabring St. iUlMtic Gummed Paper Corp., 1 Main St. Atlantic Paste l Glue Co., 9 53rd St. l^etknafvMoranlllen Co., 116 Cherry St. Borden Chemical Oivision, Borden, Inc., 56 NosIrand Ave. (General offices at Columbus, Ohio) R. L. Carlisle Chemical & Manufacturing Co., 207 Norman Ave. Continental Latex Corp., 640 Dean St. Edco Supply Corp., 323 36th St. Gill Chemical Products, Inc., 366 McGuinness Blvd. I. Beck & Sons, Inc., 1459 38th St. ^Northern Adhesives, Inc., 83 Apollo St. 0. C. Adhesives Corp., 76 Fourth St. IV-.' Peters Brothers Coating & Laminating Co., Norman Ave. & Dobbin St. t,f United Resin Products, -100 Sutton St. Valve Chemical Corp., 249 Varet St. Van Man, Inc., 98 South Fourth St. k Buffalo "i Paul Blum Co., 180 Van Rensselaer St. H. B. Fuller Co., 155 Isabelle St. (General offices at St. Paul, Minn.) Globe Albany Corp., 1400 Clinton St. James K. Harbinson & Co. 790 Seneca St. Macnaughton-Brooks, Inc., 717 Elk St. National Adhesives Division, National Starch 6 Chemical Corp. (General offices at New York, N.Y.I * Pierce A Stevens Chemical Corp., 710 Ohio St. (Branch plants at Chicago, III.; Kimberton, Penna., and Milpitas, Calif.) Canandaigua Labelon Corp., 10 Chapin St. Allege Point Basic Adhesives, Inc., 109-09 15th Ave. tlndicott todweii Products Co., Robbie Ave. (Branch plant *t Franklin St.; general offices at Endwell, N.Y.) ndwell Products Co., Franklin at Clark Sts. (Facat Endicott, N.YJ frtaport 0lumbia Cement Co., 159 Hanse Ave. ntdale t0f| ^kesives, Inc., 8(100 Cooper Ave. -- sRurn?00^ Crp., Palmer St. (Branch plants at MuT1 **> Los Angeles, Calif.; Oak Creek, Contact Industries, Inc., 850 South Oyster Bay 'Road Arthur $. Hoyt Co., 20 Jerusalem Ave. Ruco Division/Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corp., New South Road (General offices at Burlington, NJ.) Hudson Hudson Industries Corp., South Front St. (Gener al offices at West Orange, NJ.) Inwood Can-Tite Rubber Corp., 33 Redfem Ave. Irvington-on-Hudson Maker Products, Inc., 2 South Buckhout St. Jamaica A. L. Okun Co., 109-02 Van Wyck Expressway Johnstown Hudson Industries Corp., Maple Ave. (General of fices at West Orange, NJJ Long Island City Atlas Coatings Corp., 5-35 47th Ave. Axel Plastics Research Laboratories, Inc., 41-14 29th St. '* Jewel Sheen Coating, Inc., 37-07 36th Ave. George R. Mowat Co., 5-48 49th Ave. National Rubber Manufacturing Co., 38-31 Ninth St. Pilot Chemical Co., 10-30 Jackson Ave. Schwartz Chemical Co., 5001 Second St. Slomon's Laboratories, Inc., 32-45 Hunters Point Ave. . Stein, Hall & Co., 12-10 Jackson Ave. (General of fices at Louisville, Ky.) X-Pando Corp., 43-15 36th St Mt. Kisco Hardware Designers, Inc. (lew York City Beacon Chemical Co., 244 Lafayette St. Belding Chemical Industries, 1430 Broadway. John Boyle Co., 114 Duane St (Factory at States ville. N.C.) .' Cementex Co., 336 Canal St. Cox & Co., 2l5 Park Ave. South Croda Colloids Corp., 51 Madison Ave. (Factory at Bronx, N.Y.) Crowley Hydrocarbon Chemicals, Inc., 261 Madison Ave. (Branch plants at Crowley, La.; Kent, Ohio, and Oklahoma City, Okla.) Flock Industries, Inc., 393 Seventh Ave. (Factory at Phillipsburg, N.J.) GAF Corp., 140 West 51st St. (Factory at Texas City, Texas; branch plant at Calvert City, Ky.) Gane Brothers & Lane, Inc. (General offices at Chicago, 111.) Glue-Fast Equipment Co., 11 White St. Hercules Chemical Co., 84 Fifth Ave. (Factory at Passaic, NJ.) Marks Chemical Works, 20 West 22nd St. National Adhesives Division, National Starch & Chemical Corp., 750 Third Ave. (Branch plants at Atlanta, Ga.; Buffalo, N.Y.; Canton, Mass.; Chicago, III.; Cincinnati, Ohio; Grand Prairie, Texas,- Los Angeles, Calif.; Memphis, Tenn.; North Kansas City, Mo.; Salisbury, N.C., and San Francisco, Calif.) Permabond International Corp., 45 West 45th St. - -Phillipp Brothers Chemicals, Inc., 10 Columbus Circle St. Regis Paper Co., 150 East 42nd St. Stafford-Reeves, Inc., 626 Greenwich St. (Facto ry at 609 Washington St.) Stein, Hall & Co., 605 Third Ave. (Factory at Long ...... Island City, N.Y.; branch plants at Argo, III.; - Charlotte, N.C., and Newark, Calif.) Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., 200 Park Ave. Union Carbide Corp., Carbon Products Division, 270 Park ,Ave. -'jUniroyal, Inc., 1230 Avenue of the Americas >! (Adhesives 4, Coatings Dept, at Mishawaka, ' Mnd.) United Mineral & Chemical Corp., 129 Hudson St. (Factory at 46 Beach St.) Vigor Co., 53 West 23rd St. Walbead, Inc., 38 West 37th St. Whiting Leather & Belting Co., 9 Murray St. Mount Vernon Gane Brothers & lane, Inc. (General offices at Elk Grove Village, III.) Jedc Chemical Corp., 601 North MacQuesten Pkwy. Richards/Parents & Murray, Inc., 206 South 14th Ave. New Hyde Park Stock Drive Products Division, Oesignatranics, Inc.; 55 South Denton Ave. Hew Rochelle Accurate-Hampton Tape Products Division, Amer ican Biltrite, Inc., Ill Cedar St. (General of fices at.Garfield, NJ.) American White Cross Laboratories, lnc,, 52 Webster Ave. Tuck Industries, Inc., One LeFevre Lane (Facto- Northport Stik-2 Division, Woodbine Enterprises, Inc., 256 Main St. Clean Conap, Inc., 1405 Buffalo St. (General offices at Allegany, N.Y.) Hysol Division, Dexter Corp., Franklin SL (Gener al offices at Industry, Calif.) Ossining Aremco Products, Inc. Plainview . Permagile Corp. of America, 101 Commercial SL Preco Chemical Corp., 55 Skyline Drive 1 \ STLCOPCB4092142  -iii. I Wjj? : ' i i fi i out of this listing the following accounts should he of major interest to Monsanto and where our time, efforts and money spent selling S-160. Allied Adhesives Baker Adhesives Baker Adhesives Henkel Adhesive Envelope Adhesive National Starch Northern Adhesive Roman Adhesive Titan Adhesive Holland Manufacturing United Resins Atlantic Gummed Tape Queens, N.Y. Matawan, N.J. Paterson, N.J. Hoboken, N.J. Newark, N.J. Findeme, N.J. Brooklyn, N.Y. Bloomfield, N.J. Jersey City, N.J. Succasunna, N.J. Brooklyn, New York Brooklyn, New York \ < ! STLCOPCB4092143 II Pounds of Plasticizer Available to Monsanto Ed Capron has previously established through his survey that between 7-9M lbs of plasticizer is used in adhesives. While this may or may not be a good number it should be remembered by the reader that it is an elusive number from the standpoint that one is often dealing with a sole owner of a business. Naturally, he has a tendency to inflate his total picture (one has to appear successful). This coupled with a limited market and price cutting makes it an elusive number. Probably 7.5M is a more accurate number predictable in 1976. The potential sales will be: DSW 586810 V'.a.'v ''="S*'at ~-" STLCOPCB4092144 t customers Allied Adh. Baker Adh. Estimated 1976/S-160/lbs 20,000 lbs 50,000 lbs Competitive lbs 0 90,000 Envelope Adh. 25,000 lbs Henkel Adh. 15,000 lbs National Starch 3,600,000 lbs Northern Adh. 200,000 lbs Roman Adh. Titan Adh 150,000 lbs Holland Atlantic Gumm United Resin Total 0 0 500,000 4,560,000 185,000 B-988/50 0 0 0 280,000 DBP 0 A 700,000 DBP 600,000 DBP 180,000 2,035,000 Comments Lost through mis understanding/regain 8/25/76 Captive Use New customer Using S-711 100,000 annual Replace DBP in July 1976 lost due to credit Having problems keepi business wont change wont change like 2/3 to 1/3 split balance of the plasticizer total is widely dispersed and should be handled by the distributor and monitered through joint calls. 1 1 DSW 586811 STLCOPCB4092145 III . Pitfalls and Problems [ Dealing with the adhesive customer is a unique experience that we as a sales person don't often encounter in our day to day plasticizer sales. He is the last vestige of the true entrepreneur? his family lives and eats by his decisions. Hence his reluctance to change to new raw materials. One poor decision on a viable product and he goes under: If a failure results this plus other considerations makes the customer truely reluctant to effect any change. Other problems to consider and overcome are: A. Long Term Relationship - Most of the smaller business have friends going back 17-30 years he helped me start - I owe him - he.has money in us - all reasons not to change. These ob jections can be overcome, but we .have to es tablish ourselves as a friend - their suppliers. B. Credit - If one starts on a shoestring no credit if we want to sell S-160 etc to small companies we have to take a chance or extend credit maybe 30-90 days or in the establish payment pattern on some of these small outfits (35 days/45 days). We should be prepared to possibly take a credit bath on some of these small companies, but most of the companies in Section II are solvent and will pay in no more than 45 days. C. Calls and Entertainment - Most of the adhesive customers while small require a high frequency of calls and entertainment. While the customer is ..small in size it is usually owned by a single person or persons with an ego to be fed. (I am in business because I can do it on my own or I made a bundle and I will be or act successful) STLCOPCB4092146 D. Pricing - While the customer is extremely loyal to his suppliers after accepting them - he is extremely dedicated to changing supplier 1/2 to 1/4 cent per pound (same product). Therfore, this is a major objection to S-160 - the loss of competitive pricing or control of the situation (?) as an entrepreneur. Therefore, we have to overcome the problems mainly of credit and pricing before we sell the smaller accounts. They are reluctant to concede the competitive edge (?) by switching to S-160. But more feared the potential failure of the product they sell. Hence loss of income for them and family. Most of these companies only sell one product. DSW 586813 STLCOPCB4092147 XII--B Plasticizers used in Adhesive Market The largest opportunity for Monsanto to sell plasticizers is primarily to the polyvinyl acetate marketplace and secondly to the plastisol adhesive customers. Most companies involved in solvent based adhesives use very little plasticizers and the effort in this area should be directed toward and through our distributors. Plasticizers are primarily used when formulating with a Homo-polymer type resins. The amount of plasticizer used would range from 7 parts to as high as 25 parts plasticizer; with a mean of 10-12 parts. However, since plasticizer are added to the base resin to achieve certain properties such as wet tack flexibility open time etc. One should not try to equate pounds of resin used to pound of plasticizer used it doesn't follow any pattern. Our primary thrust should be to replace DIDP & DBP which is the largest group of G.P. Plasticizer used by the Adhesive Business with S-160. --- W.R. Grace is presently enjoying a fair share of the business along with Reichold. A fair estimate of the present market split would be Monsanto j.5%; Velsicol 20%; the balance of 45% to assorted suppliers. In order to increase our market share in New York we are going to have to take our products and technology to the customer. Because the customer in the Adhesive business wont come to Monsanto - they are closed mouth group, in some respects and would rather go it alone than ask for help. They are great in supplying information on how to do things and that is signi ficant as evidence by attached Call Report, but they will not usuallv,,ask for help. DSW 586814 STLCOPCB4092148 2- - Therefore, we must be sure of our products and know all these pluses as well as deficiencies before we take the Plasticizer to the customer. Since the customer is reluctant to ask for help or divulge formulations, Monsanto should embark upon a campaign of supplying general information about our plasticizers: 1. In relationship to other Plasticizers 2. In general Adhesive formulations focusing on A. Bag Making Adhesives B. Bottle Labeling Adhesives C. Case and Carton Adhesives D. Hot Melt Adhesives Thereby the customer can see and understand our capabilities in relationship to his needs. My suggestion would be to embark up a direct mail program and to advertise in Adhesive Age to create this customer awareness. fc fci, Itat-. DSW 586815 STLCOPCB4092149 into ,t0c*T.oNB .r. Doliraount - N.Y.O. December 4, 1975 i*t screening S-55XH 1 J.H. Orem 3 St. Louis CC: D.E. Randall Jobn Van Gelder J.J. McNamara - Akron - St. Louis - N.Y.O. John, to confirm our telecon of 11/26/75, Bob Mavis of Titan told me that since S-55XH is a Homo-polymer, he would use it in a typical formulation for a cellulosic type adhesive and test it paper to paper or wood to wood. Mavis recommends formulating: 90 parts 55XH 10 parts plasticizer and to test the adhesive for the following properties: 1. Adhesion 2. West tack Development 3. Fibre tear Bond Development ; 4. -Flexibility : 5. Water resistance - final bond 6. Creep 7. Viscosity Development of the preceding 7 properties Fibre tear bond Development % Viscosity Development are the most important properties, with extra emphasis on Viscosity Development because the higher the Viscosity the more water can be added to the formulation and water doesn't cost anything. Finally to test the Adhesive, Mavis recommends: 1. Apply adhesive to strip 60LB craft 2. Apply a second strip of 60LB craft either instantly or allow some open time before applying. 3. Measure pressure and time 4. Pull apart. STLCOPCB4092150 IV Major Adhesives Area of Concern This section has been put together with the help of Ben Espie Technical Director of Henkel Inc. It should be given close attention to by anyone wishing to understand the Adhesive Marketplace, the technology, and language involved. The writer feels that anyone attempting to sell in the marketplace needs to understand these basics. A. Bag Making Adhesives B. Bottle Labeling Adhesives C. Case and Carton Adhesives D. Hot Melt Adhesives DSW 586817 .it STLCOPCB4092151 BAG MAKING ADHESIVES DSV\f 586818 STLCOPCB4092152 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this section is to provide meaningful information on adhesives used in bag making. These operations require an extremely broad range of adhesives, including starch, dextrin, base resins, formulated emulsions, pastes, extended resins, hot melts and pressure sensitive rubber latices. Multiple substrates and differing machines for their conversion into bags require different adhesives. Other factors which affect adhesive selection include application method, metering, compression, viscosity, tack, draw roll pressure and whether paste pots are overhead or under slung. BAG MAKING ADHESIVE REQUIREMENTS In bag making, adhesives are used on seams, bottoms and in cross pasting. Bag types and bag stocks are chosen on the basis of particular products to be packaged and such end use factors as filling, storage, handling, temperatures, solvent and grease resistance, color, etc. Bag making adhesives are generally selected on a similar basis to meet the following criteria: . Adhesion. Fast Tack. Necessary to prevent seam slippage when bottom is formed. Fluid consistency. For seams Pastry consistency. For bottoms Heat resistance. Necessary where bags are filled with hot materials or subject to high temperatures during shipping or storage. Water resistance. Shortness. For bottom and cross pasting. Must not string or throw when picked up by a stencil. DSW 586819 STLCOPCB4092153 2- - . Non-puckering. Important in cross pasting where wrinkling would mar print copy. . Grease resistance. Often required for such products as dog and cat food, prepared mixes, coffee, etc. . Color. Must dry transparent where required. . F.D.A. If required. TYPES OF BAG MAKING ADHESIVES PASTE Short, soft with slight flow, slow set and moderate tack. Used for conventional bottoms on natural kraft and bleached kraft, sulphite and glassine. 3-sided paste pot. SEMI-PASTES Semi-fluid, slow set moderate tack. Used for natural kraft seams and bottoms on single size machines. BORATED DEXTRINS , Dextrins formulated with Borax and other chemicals to achieve greater speed, tackier film at lower solids. Used for SOS or SB bag seams on natural kraft and glassine. RESINS - EXTENDED RESINS Resin emulsions with additives to provide viscosity, water resistance, hold out. Used for seams, bottoms and cross pasting for general purpose and wet strength. FORMULATED RESINS INCLUDING RUBBER LATICES Resins formulated with various chemicals to provide speed of set, tack, heat and water resistance and specific adhesion. Used for seams, bottoms and cross pasting on coates stocks, film, foil, wet strength and waxed papers. DSW 586820 STLCOPCB4092154 -3- HOT MELTS 100% solids thermoplastic adhesives made from plastic polymers and copolymers compounded with additives to provide adhesion, viscosity stability and flow character istics required. Used for seams and bottoms of coated papers, film, foil and wet strength to provide barrier and adhesion properties at high converting speeds. BAG ADHESIVE TROUBLE SHOOTING BOTTOM PROBLEMS Adhesive sluggish - not flowing to roller Action: Stir adhesive, occasionally push toward roller. Dilute with glue liquor. Use lower viscosity adhesive. Throwing Action: Check adjustment of transfer stencil to substract. Try shorter, heavier paste. Use lower viscosity with higher solids. Strike through of bottom paste Action: Too much preassure by transfer stencil on substract. Using too much adhesive. Check stock absorbency. Use adhesive with better holdout. Poor adhesion Action: Check amount applied. Check compression. May indicate need for better wettability. bottom out of square Action: Check folding mechanism. May indicate uneven application of adhesive or need for tackier bottom or seam paste. DSW 586821 STLCOPCB4092155 -4SEAM PROBLEMS Squeeze Out Action: Too much adhesive, adhesive too thin or applied too close to edge. Seam Discoloration Action: Use lighter application. Check for chemical reactivity (adhesive with substrate or metal). Poor Adhesion Action: Starved glue line or adhesive too thin. Excessive pressure may be causing killing of adhesive into substrate. Possibly poor compression. Tails r Action: Starved glue line, insufficient wet track. Try spreader or tackier adhesive. Bags blocking GENERAL PROBLEMS Action: Check excessive adhesive application. Excessive pressure or very open stock. Check for insufficient holdout, paste spattering on outside of bags or squeeze out of adhesive. High humidity may be prolonging drying time. DSW 586822 STLCOPCB4092156 5- End use problems Action: Adhesion is sometimes blamed for such end use problems as lack of water resistance. Should determine if good adhesion was present prior to failure in end use. Improper bag formation or "keyholing". Action: Caused by insufficient wet tack or too heavy application. Use spreader, warm adhesive. GENERAL INFORMATION FUNCTION OF ADHESIVE ADDITIVES Borax - Gives tack, viscosity and stability. Add up to 15% based on dextrin. Caustic - Sodium hydroxide (25% solution) further increases speed and tack. Usually 10% of amount of borax is sufficient. Formaldehyde - Preservative. Salt - Sodium chloride lowers viscosity, gives softness, increases stability. Usually about 5% based on starch. Ivory Soap - Inhibits swelling of starch, gives lower viscosity softness and increased stability. Usually 1 to 2% based on starch solids. Urea Formaldehyde or DMU gives moisture resistance in starch cooks. Usually 10% on starch. &rcnornnm Chloride - Acid salt added as a catalyst to speed up faction of U.F. with starch. Usually 10% on U.F. solids. * Iglwinyi Alcohol - gives tack, moisture resistance, hold out, Suhesion stability. Add 3% on total formula for moisture resis ts tance. . Bags - Most grocery bag adhesives are made by the confrom pearl starch, dextrin or starch-dextrin blends. DSW 586823 6fti STLCOPCB4092157 -6- Multiwall Bags Much of the growth in multiwalls has been due to wider usage of functional substract properties. The use of coated papers, film and improved printing surfaces has prompted development of new and more sophisticated adhesives. In multiwall conversion, viscosity and clean machining are important factors in adhesive choice. For faster drying flat tubes which lend themselves to better bottoming in either stepped end or pinch bottom varieties, resins provide quality seam and cross pasting. Rubber latices, formulated for good machining result in strong bonds that provide heat and cold resistance and permit the use of PE-coated papers and polyethylene and polypropylene films. Improvements in hot melts and methods of application have replaced the use of rubber latices for T.O.S. Hot Melts are also replacing liquid adhesives for high quality pinch bottom construction. In such operations, high solids, fast drying lay-flat cross pastes provide a flat surface for the hot melt application. DSW 586824 STLCOPCB4092158 -7- Specialty Bags Specialty bags with such substrates as super-calendered and printed paper, PE-and PVDC-coated papers, films foil and dry and wet waxed stocks, require formulated resin and rubber latex adhesives as well as hot melts. Such adhesives not only permit high speed bag production, but provide bonds to fit such end use factors as resistance to moisture, grease, heat and cold. Other adhesive re quirements include the avoidance of puckering and penetrating which can distort the printed matter on specialty bags. STLCOPCB4092159 i i r i BINDERY RESINS Basically the two types of water base bindery resins we are in terested in are: I. Gluing-up Resin The spine of the sewn book is passed over a roller which has picked up the glue-very often a brush forces the glue into the signatures -- sometimes the books are passed over cal rods or into an oven for complete drying, but this is not essential -- books can be glued either singly or 2,3, or 4 up depending on the bulk. The gluing-up operation is necessary because the next operation after triming is rounding. If the books were not glued-up, the rounding operation 'would rip the stitches. Casing In Paste Machines - Smyth-Dexter DeFlorez-Kolbus The machines apply paste to the end sheets of the books. Most of them are equipped with a side gluer, also known as a joint gluer. The covers are stacked so that after the aforementioned operation the glued books come up, the covers axe dropped over them and closed. In this way the end sheet is adhered. The books then in most cases go into a building-in machine which, has several pressing stations to dry the adhesive and also form a joint or crease alongside of the joint. There is heat at the joint. I DSW 586826 ! STLCOPCB4092160 BOTTLE LABELING.ADHESIVES DSVM 586827 STLCOPCB4092161 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this section is to provide meaningful information on adhesives used in bottle labeling. For general purposes, labeling is the process of machanically applying a flexible (paper or paper-backed foil) substrate to a bottle using liquid or solid adhesives. For the most part, labeling adhesives are water based. However, because of the great variety of machining and end-use requirements common to the field, a wide range of adhesive raw materials is involved. BOTTLE LABELING ADHESIVE PROPERTIES Regardless of the adhesive type used, consideration of the following properties is vital: TACK OR WET TACK: Ability of the adhesive to hold two substrates together upon contact with no loss of water or physical change in the adhesive. TACK SPEED: Increase in tack, or holding power, with time and loss of water. SETTING SPEED: Time lapse between application of adhesive and the point at which the adhesive tears the substrate. COHESIVENESS: Also called shortness, snap or spread resistance. Important for non-stringing, clean machining properties on picker type labelers. SPREADABILITY: Ease with which adhesive may be spread. ULTIMATE ADHESION: Ability of an adhesive after drying and reaching a moisture equilibrium with the atmosphere, to develop and interfacial bond stronger than the paper fibers in the label. In such a case, peeling of a label will result in "fiber tear". I BOTTLE LABELING ADHESIVE SELECTION JELLY GUM - Used on: Picker machine. Outstanding Properties: Durable adhesion, high initial tack, slow drying, short, humidity resistant, semi-ice proof, clean machining. General performance DSW 586828 STLCOPCB4092162  . -2- ' . on coated glass: Very good. Good adhesion also on treated P.E. and treated polypropylene. DEXTRIN - Used on: Direct Transfer, Stencil Transfer machines. Outstanding Properties: Good initial tack, fast setting, easy spreading, pumpable, easy clean-up, easy label removal by soaking. General performance on coated glass: Must be tested. CASEIN/ICE PROOF - Used on: Picker, Stencil, Direct Transfer machines. Outstanding Properties: Durable adhesion, good setting speed, good initial tack, humidity resistant, fully ice-proof. General performance on coated glass: Excellent. Good adhesion also on treated polypropylene, treated P.E. * RESIN - Used on: All types of machines. Outstanding Properties: Adherence on P.V.C., acrylic multipolymer, modified acrylic sytrene, treated P.E. General performance on coated glass: Excellent. * Only type we plan to manufacture. SUBSTRATES The BOTTLE: A great deal can be written on the various types of bottle surface to be labeled. However, only a few main points are covered here. UNCOATED GLASS: One of the easiest to adhere substrates for all adhesive types. COATED GLASS: Rapidly growing segment whose adhesion properties depend on types and amounts of coatings used. Jelly gum, casein and resin type adhesives are superior to dextrin types on most coated * glassware. DSW 586829 STLCOPCB4092163 <1 -3- Silicone-coated glassware requires a pressure sensitive type adhesive. Even this is often not entirely satisfactory. PLASTIC: Generally, any adhesive type can be used on flame treated polyethylene if untreated a pressure sensitive ad hesive may be necessary. PVC, acrylic multipolymer, flame treated polypropylene, polystyrene and other new plastic materials generally require the newer resin-based adhesives. The LABEL: Consider the label as a second substrate. Proper label selection can have a direct bearing on labeling performance and here, also, your label supplier can provide helpful information. BOTTLE LABELING EQUIPMENT PICKER MACHINES; ., Picker machines have a swinging transfer roller which first contacts the glue roll and picks up a thin layer of glue. The transfer roll spins when in contact with the driven glue roll by means of the wet tack of the adhesive. The transfer roll then swings and glues off the picker plates by rolling down the surface of these plates. This rolling is again accomplished by the wet tack of the adhesive. The gummed pickers then swing up to pick up the bottom label in the label stack, then swing down to the labeling position. A grip finger moves into position between the picker plates and presses the glued label against the bottle, while at the same time the picker plates slide open. After the label contacts the bottle, the grip finger withdraws and the labeled bottle continues to the pressure stations. DSW 586830 STLCOPCB4092164 I j -4- i DIRECT TRANSFER MACHINES: Generally, all automatic direct transfer machines employ the same basic principle. A suction pad on a rotary mechanism, or turret, picks the label out of the label stack. Suction-holds the label in place as it passes over a segmented glue roll which applies stripes of adhesive across the label back. The label is then brought into position next to the bottle and is applied to the face of the bottle. Labeled bottles are then brought to a pressure station or directly to a roll through compression unit. Adhesive viscosity is quite critical on these machines in order to minimize stringing, yet still be tacky and fast setting. OTHER LABELERS: 1. Stencil Transfer. These labelers employ a stencil to apply adhesive directly to the bottle. The tack of the adhesive then pulls a label from the hopper, and the bottle passes on to a compression station. 2. Gluing Segment. These labelers employ die cut stencils, or segments which travel past the glue roll and are coated with adhesive. The glue coated segment then pulls a label from the stack. The segment is next brought in contact with the label transfer cylinder where the label is mechanically peeled off the segment, and transferred to the bottle. Labeled bottles travel on to a compression station. Stencil Transfer and Gluing Segment labelers usually employ the same adhesive types as Direct Transfer machines. TROUBLE SHOOTING When a problem develops on the bottle labeling line, it must be solved quickly to prevent shut down or poor quality production. Unfortunately, there is no single solution to all problems and the answer is frequently a combination of factors. linirifiWnM'lfi'r -TTtTiiiil DSW 586831 STLCOPCB4092165 -5- The following list includes common labeling difficulties most probable causes, and recommended solutions. A thorough in vestigation of the problem plus intelligent use of the list, should lead to quick solutions to most labeling problems. A. Labels Curling Away From Bottles 1. Too much glue Apply thinnest possible even film by adjusting scraper close to glue roller. 2. Inefficient wiper action or rolling compression Adjust wipers or compression so that proper pressure is applied slightly beyond all edges of the labels 3. Stiff, springy, vertically-grained labels Riffle or flex labels before running to bend in the direction of application (be sure they lie flat in the label hopper). 4. Insufficient adhesive tack Use a suitable grade of tackier glue. 5. Labeling wet bottles Humidify or stipple labels. Use a jelly or casein labeling gum; use air blower on conveyor line to blow off excess water. 6. Elagging on D.T. machines Check timing of worm infeed screw. Adjust if necessary. DSW 586832 mirm L STLCOPCB4092166 -6- B. Wrinkling or Blistering of Labels 1. Glass package has two-direction spherical curve of labeling surface Design labels to conform better to contour or labeling surface. Humidify or stipple automatically applied labels or prolong tempering time of hand applied labels. Where possible, design package so labeling surface curves in only one direction. 2. Too much adhesive Apply thinnest possible film. 3. Labels vertically grained Humidify or stipple labels. Specify horizontal graining on labels. 4. Uneven absorbency of label paper due to spotty sizing or offset of inks and varnish coatings. Humidify labels. Use slow drying adhesive to provide time for uniform penetration. 5. Too much moisture in adhesive. Use high solids adhesive -- run as concentrated as possible. 6. Fast drying adhesive on high moisture-sensitive labels Use tacky but slow drying adhesive to permit label , shrinkage as moisture evaporates. Humidify labels from warm, dry storage. 7. Portion of label not covered by adhesive Use pads of proper size for labels applied by stencil-type machines. Check transfer wheel on D.T. machines. Check alignment of pickers on picker plate machines. .. : - --frb.-- , DSW 586833 STLCOPCB4092167 -7- 8. Inefficient wiper or compression action Adjust wipers, pressure pads or compression belts for even pressure. 9. Bottles wet when labeled Humidify or stipple labels. Use a jelly or casein labeling gum; use air blower on conveyor line to blow off excess water. 10. Adhesive on grip-finger Wash grip-finger thoroughly and dry. 11. Plastic bottles filled with very hot or cold liquid Humidify labels. Use easier spreading adhesive. Try overall adhesive pattern on labels. C. Failure to Pick Labels Out of Hopper 1. Pickers, pads, or bottles not properly contacting labels Check if label follower rides freely and follower plate covers entire label area. Adjust pickers to same plane. Keep hopper prongs clean and smooth. 2. Inadequate or excessive adhesive on pickers, pads, labels, or bottles Adjust scraper to apply thin, even film. * 3. Adhesive lacks sufficient tack to pick labels out of * hopper .\ Run even film of concentrated adhesive. 4. Hopper prongs or hooks gripping labels too tightly Adjust prongs; mash dried adhesive from prongs and hooks; slant and smooth prong hooks with fine emery cloth. i'l1""--- DSW 586834 STLCOPCB4092168 1 -8- 5. Labels low in hopper Maintain cushion of labels for proper spring tension on follower plate. 6. Adhesive drying too rapidly Obtain slower-drying product. D. Spotty Adhesion 1. Pickers not on same level, or bent Level pickers and straighten any surface irregularities. 2. Transfer and glue rollers not in proper contact Adjust rollers to provide flush meeting. 3. Uneven transfer of adhesive ' If-adhesive is too viscous to transfer evenly, dilute with thin mixture of the same adhesive. Adjust scraper for uniform clearance of glue roller. Adjust transfer roller for even application. 4. Labels have uneven absorption qualities Use a high solids or fast-tack, slow drying adhesive. Humidify labels Switch to uniformly absorbent label stock. 5. Water not thoroughly incorporated into adhesives Add water slowly and mix thoroughly before placing in the glue pot. To dilute adhesive already in pot, use a thin adhesive mixture and stir well. 6. Oil or grease on container surface Try a jelly gum or casein type adhesive. STLCOPCB4092169 -9- 7. Adhesive partially dry on label or container before application Apply labels promptly. If adhesive is too viscous (particularly on labelers that pump and recirculate adhesive), dilute with thin mixture of same adhesive. Adjust scrapers and transfer rolls to apply uniform film. 8. Wrong adhesive for surface being labeled For treated, greasy, opal or stippled surfaces, or treated polyethylene and PVC containers, consult your adhesive supplier. E. Labels Tearing in Machine 1. Adhesive setting on rollers, pickers, label guides, prongs, Wipers, etc. Wash all parts with warm water. Dilute adhesive as recommended by supplier. Keep machine in steady operation, or clean all parts if labeling is interrupted. Use slower drying adhesives If labeling untreated plastic bottles with resin emulsion adhesives, transfer roller may have to be mechanically driven. 2. Pickers or pad not receiving adeguate adhesive film Be sure pickers are on the same level for identical adhesive coverage. 3. Faulty Adjustment of Label Hopper Adjusts prongs so label stack rides freely. Check spring tension on label follower. Be sure follower plate presses labels evenly, but not too tightly, against prong hooks. DSW 586836 STLCOPCB4092170 10- 4. Wipers engaging labels Clean wipers with warm water to remove hardened adhesives. 5. Thin soft paper with low tear resistance Use thinner adhesive to get more slide on picker plates. P. Labels Falling Off 1. Too Much Adhesive Adjust scrapers for thinner film. Test an adhesive that dries to a more continuous film. 2. wrong adhesive for surface If labeling surface is treated, greasy', opal or stippled, or treated polyethylene o PVC, consult your supplier for a suitable adhesive. Alkaline jelly gums and casein types generally adhere better than dextrin types. 3. Paper stock hard-sized or resistant Use tacky, slow drying adhesive Change to softer, more absorbent stock. 4. Remoistening of adhesive on bottles during damp storage Use a humidity resistant adhesive. 5. Glue partially dry on label or container before application Often experienced in delayed table gumming operations.' Apply labels promptly. _. . -- -- - +-f-~ hv to Use 'slower ^drying ^adhesive.-- DSW 586837 STLCOPCB4092171 -11- 6. Inadequate adhesive application (rare) Be sure scrapers are properly adjusted. 7. Containers very cold or hot when labeled Use jelly gum type adhesive. 8. Untreated or poorly treated plastic containers Containers should he adequately treated. Test treatment prior to labeling. G. Label Discoloration or Staining 1. Label stock colored with water-sensitive or alkali- sensitive dyes . If plain water causes discoloration, consult label supplier. , If adhesive, but not plain water, discoiors^label, test a chemically neutral grade. 2. Thin, translucent labels Test a light-colored or transparent adhesive. Change to heavier, more opaque stock. 3. Labels highly absorbent Test a cohesive adhesive with low penetration. Change to a moderately hard-sized, calendered stock. 4. Oil or grease on bottles from filling or capping machines Clean fillers and cappers and make necessary adjustments to prevent recurrence. 5. Use of adhesive contaminated by foreign matter Use only clean utensils. Clean and refill glue pot regularly. covered. Keep glue container - '- -- DSW 586838 STLCOPCB4092172 -12- 6. Use of hygroscopic adhesives Switch to a non-hygroscopic (moisture resistant) adhesive. 7. Too much adhesives Clean wipers, brushes, and pressure pads. Tighten scraper close to glue roll. 8. Extremely damp container storage Use a moisture resistant adhesive H. Smearing of Bottles or Labels 1. Too much adhesive Tighten scrapers close to glue roll. ' 2. Excessive pressure of Flap-type wipers Ease pressure slightly, but ensure enough pressure to prevent labels from curling away after application. 3. Adhesive drying to a cloudy film Test adhesives that dry to a clear film. 4. Label slipping See I - 5. Labels freshly printed Age labels until inks are perfectly dry. 6. Labels printed with poor cruality ink . If ink smears with normal handling, consult label supplier. I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ DSW 586839 . STLCOPCB4092173 -13- 7. Adhesive build up on pressure pad Place damp cloth over face of pad. I. Misaligned Labeling 1. Uneven application of adhesive to labels. Align scraper, or feed and transfer rollers for a uniform adhesive film. Be sure pickers are level. Smooth out any hollow spots on face of pickers. Use pickers of proper size for labels being run. 2. Excessive adhesive application Tighten scraper close to glue roll. DSW 586840 STLCOPCB4092174 I CASE AND CARTON SEALING DSW 586841 STLCOPCB4092175 tf INTRODUCTION The purpose of this section is to provide meaningful information on all aspects of case and carton sealing adhesives. Although cases and cartons are made of many different stocks, this aspect is not covered in depth. No matter what stock is involved, there are numerous adhesives which can be successfully used. CASE SEALING is the closing of corrugated or solid fiber cases by use of adhesive. Although other methods, such as taping and stapling are sometimes employed, gluing is used most widely be cause of its many advantages. These include: . Permanent bonds. Because flaps are destroyed on opening, pilferage is extremely difficult. . Highest production speeds of any method. * Simplified handling through simultaneous top and bottom sealing. . Lower labor costs through reduced handling and supervision. . Invisibility. Adhesive does not detract from package appearance. CARTON SEALING is the closing of all types of folding boxes and cartons. Although tucking or mechanical closing is sometimes used, gluing is the predominant method. Cartons vary widely as to type of stock and how the stock is modified for functional considerations or for consumer eye appeal (types of fold, coatings, laminations, etc.) PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ADHESIVE SELECTIONS When selecting an adhesive for case or carton sealing it is important to consider the machine that will do the sealing, the substrate -in volved, end use requirements (transit, storage, etc.) economics and implant operating conditions. Each of the following should be evaluated with respect to the requirements of your package: DSW 586842 _____ .;j STLCOPCB4092176 -2- ADHESION: May have to work on clay and wax coated, water and weather resistant, etc. as well as very porous sticks and in specialty applications requiring non-tear bonds. SETTING SPEED: Must meet desired speeds on various machines. Especially important in high speed, short compression operations. WET TACK; For short, springy flaps. VISCOSITY; Metering and application methods dictate viscosity and flow properties required. Open pot systems can handle a wide viscosity range, extrusion systems generally require a range from 1,000-4,000 cps., while viscosity for spray systems is generally 500-1,000 cps. HEAT/COLD RESISTANCE: To maintain bonds through shipping and storage extremes, generally 0 F. to 140 F. WATER RESISTANCE; End use may dictate need for water immersion, humidity and/or moisture resistance. " PENETRATION/HOLDOUT; To provide adequate penetration into dense, sized stocks and sufficient holdout on highly absorbent boards. STABILITY; Essential along with batch to batch uniformity, non settling and non-phasing for proper machining and pumping in closed systems. ODOR; Where contents of package could be contaminated from odor retention. TOXICITY; F.D.A. label often required. COLOR; Although adhesive patterns should not be visible, squeeze-out and excessive application may call for a clear drying adhesive to maintain attractiveness of multi-colored, printed cases and cartons. COST; Adhesives represent a small percentage of overall packaging cost. A higher priced adhesive can often lower the cost of packaging operations through fewer rejects, easier cleanup, less down time and ability to handle a wider variety of substrates. STLCOPCB4092177 -3- j APPLICATION SYSTEMS - CASE SEALING 51 ____ ____ | CLOSED EXTRUSION SYSTEM Either gravity flow or light air pressure | feeds the adhesive from a closed central reservoir into the applica- | tion nozzles. The adhesives flows from the nozzles only when case | flaps are in contact with the applicator heads. As the case passes ; tinder the heads, a controlled pattern of adhesive is applied to the flaps. The adhesive flow is then automatically cut off until the i next case arrives. A skipping mechanism is often employed to pro s vide an intermittent pattern on each flap. By applying a closely controlled adhesive pattern from a closed system, extrusion application effectively decreases compression time, adhesive con sumption and clean-up costs, and increases productivity. CLOSED SPRAY SYSTEM Adhesive is fed under pressure from a closed --central reservoir to spray head applicators. When the case flaps are in position the spray nozzles apply a fine mist of tiny adhesive droplets in a pattern which can be varied from a broad band to thin strips, depending upon the spray head orifices and position. Although spraying requires much higher line pressures, adhesives consumption is even further reduced. r OPEN POT ROLLER SYSTEM This traditional method of case sealing consists of applying adhesive from open overhead and bottom pots. Patterns can be varied to obtain skips, spots, strips, etc., as well as complete coverage by varying the design of the rollers. This type of system can handle the widest range of adhesive rollers. HOT mht.ts Many applicating machines has been supplemented with hot melt applicator systems. Rule 41 revision, requiring less holt melt coverage, has accelerated growth in this method of adhesive bonding. STLCOPCB4092178 -4- APPLICATION SYSTEMS - CARTON SEALING OPEN POT ROLLER. Also referred to as Wheel Type, this is by far j the most widely used adhesive application method in carton sealing. \ In some cases, the adhesive may be applied directly to the substrate ' while in others, a rotary stencil or dauber may be used to transfer the adhesive from the glue roll to the substrate. Generally carton sealing equipment is in tandem with filling equipment. Consequently many different methods of compression are used, which affect the choice of adhesive. TROUBLE SHOOTING CASE AND CARTON SEALING ADHESIVES PROBLEM: Poor Setting Speed " CAUSE: Improper viscosity, solids, application ACTION: a) Check if product has been diluted. b) Check if product has been stirred thoroughly before use. c) Check for viscosity increase due to aging and dilute, if necessary. d) Check for excessive application and decrease, if necessary. PROBLEM: Poor Adhesion (flaps popping open due to compression) CAUSE: 1. Improper viscosity 2. Stock 3. Compression. ACTION: . a) Check viscosity as above b) Check for uniform application pattern. DSW 586845 STLCOPCB4092179 -5- c) Check compression (too little or too much). In loosely filled cases there may be loss of contact between inner and outer flaps. d) Check for improper scoring which can cause springy flaps. May need faster, tackier adhesive. e) Change stock or adhesive. PROBLEM: Excessive Penetration or Holdout CAUSE: 1. Improper viscosity 2. Stock ACTION: a) Check viscosity as above b) Check compression c) Increase or decrease application as required d) Change stock or adhesive. ADHESIVES FOR CASE AND CARTON SEALING The types of adhesives are listed below. Each has specific features and benefits, and within each category are numerous products, each capable of meeting specific packaging needs. HOT MELTS Advantages: High speeds, short compression time, small space requirements, immediate shipping. Improved glue line control, added economy. Bonds impervious surfaces. Minimum penetration in porous stocks. Moisture resistant, barrier properties, fills gaps. " . WATER RESISTANT RESINS These adhesives meet the need for better adhesion, shorter compression times and water resistance. Advaptages: Grades to meet all water and heat resistance requirements. Fast set and tack, quality performance. Wide range of viscosity and rheology" properties. Suitable for all operations, difficult surfaces. ; DSW 586846 fc. . . - - . --------------------------------------- STLCOPCB4092180 \ i . EASI-CLEAN RESINS Water resistance is not always required. Easi-Clean resins offer most of the advantages of other resins, along with cleaner machining, easier clean-up, etc. Advantages: Excellent adhesion to chip clay-coated and similar stocks. Full production, few rejects. Clean running, little down-time or maintenance. Easy clean-up. Use on all application systems. One product for many operations. . BORATED DEXTRINS An early line of adhesives still in wide usage. As the name implies, these are dextrins to which borax and other chemicals are added for varying color, tack, speed and filminess (ability to remain on the surface of a substrate as opposed to penetrating). While not as fast as resins, and not generally as good in adhesion to difficult surfaces, borated dextrins dlean-up even easier than easi-clean resins. Advantages: Tack and speed range. Little down-time. Lowest cost per pound liquid adhesive. Suitable for most case stocks and most application systems. .NON TEAR CASE SEAL ADHESIVES Designed to keep a case together during shipment, but glue line fractures with a strong upward pull on the flap. Since no fiber tear occurs, cases can be reused. Another advantage of non-tear adhesives is in supermarkets, etc., where flaps can be pulled open rather than cut. Cutting can damage the cartons inside. Advantages: High shear strength, low tensile strength. Non-tear and easy open adhesion. DSW 586847 STLCOPCB4092181 HOT MELT ADHESIVES DSW 586848 STLCOPCB4092182 INTRODUCTION The purpose of this section is to provide meaningful product usage and trouble shooting data on hot melt adhesives. Al though there is a wide variety of hot melt applications, hot melt applicators and hot melt forms, the data provided in this booklet is designed to give an overview of hot melt usage. WHAT ARE HOT MELTS? Hot Melts are 100% solids thermoplastic adhesives. They are based on "plastic" polymers such as polyethylene (and its copolymers), polyproplene, polyvinyl acetate, polyamides and polyesters. Adhesive formulators compound hot melts with suitable resins, waxes?, stabilizers, etc., to give the desired adhesion, viscosity, flow characteristics, wetting ability and stability. Hot melts differ from con ventional liquid adhesives because they set by cooling rather than by absorption or evaporation of the liquid vehicle which may be water or solvent. This gives hot melts the instant bonding characteristic that is the chief reason for their popularity. Older hot adhesives such as wax, animal glue or asphalt should not be confused with modem hot melts. Although they have the hot running characteristic in common, older types do not have the high polymer plastic backbone that gives modern hot melts their strength, adhesion and durability. DSW 586849 STLCOPCB4092183 -2- WHY USE HOT MELTS? MANY ADVANTAGES - High production speeds, short compression time, small space requirements, immediate shipping of sealed materials. All due to the speed of set or rapid transition from a liquid to a solid state. Improved glue line control. The rapid set or "freezing" in place of hot melts minimizes spread ing, wicking and dripping. The adhesive stays where you put it. Bonding of impervious surfaces. Hot melts are 100% solids and no volatile vehicle must be re moved to set the bond. Gap filling. Particularly valuable where a caulking effect is desired. Almost impossible to achieve with conventional liquid adhesives. . Moisture resistance, barrier properties. No residual emulsifiers of water soluble components as are in herent in water based adhesives. Reduced maintenance and clean-up costs. No dried adhesives or skins requiring daily or more frequent clean-up. Just melt to use, turn off heat when finished. Turn on next day and heat to proper operating temperature. Storage problems minimized. No short storage life as with most liquids. Heated warehouses unnecessary. No solvent hazards or air pollution problems. Hot melts are 100% solids. -3- SOME LIMITATIONS They have limited toughness and heat resistance when com pared with the best water based adhesives, and should not be used where high structural strength or high heat resis tance is required. ' Because of their fast set, penetration into many surfaces is minimal. Bonds tend to be surface bonds rather than deeply penetrating (this can be an advantage, if non-penetration is desired on porous substrates). Hot melts are organic materials and if overheated, no matter how well stabilized, they are subject to degradation and charring. HOT MELT APPLICATION SYSTEMS 'tr ' |V These are numerous makes and designs of hot melt applicators, but the two most popular can be characterized as spitting nozzle or wheel types. NOZZLE By far the most popular type in use today. Basically, they are heated pump systems, applying interrupted streams of hot melt through valved nozzles. There are many variations: One way vs. recirculating systems; electrical resistance vs. infra red heating; different valve switching mechanisms, etc. However, the basic points generally remain the same and have a number of advantages: | DSW 586851 f' STLCOPCB4092185 -4- . can be accurately timed to deliver many hundreds of squirts per minute. . can be mounted in any position, including sideways or upside down. . application can be easily controlled by nozzle size and pressure. . utilizing remote melt tanks and hoses, they can fit in tight spaces. . adhesive is enclosed, minimizing temperature variations, fuming and charring. . lend themselves easily to hand gun models. WHEEL UNIT . .. . ''' Generally apply adhesive from engraved rolls. Inherently the most accurate method of applying a.uniform pattern. In termittent by its design. Only the portion of the substrate touching the wheel receives adhesive. I Capable of the highest speeds and less critical relative to viscosity of the adhesive. Can apply discontinuous dot type or shaped patterns. There are wheel units for any mounting position. Other types of applicators, such as daubers and screw extruders are also used, but these, while having the virtue of simplicity, are more limited in their application versatility and accuracy. Important Factors When Considering a Hot Melt Applicator What viscosity hot melts will it accommodate? What form of hot melt will it accommodate? Is it limited to one or two special forms of limited availability? > Is the output in lbs./hour sufficient for the application? DSW 586852 I STLCOPCB4092186 -5- Can application temperature be controlled? This means not just melt tank temperature, but can the wheel or hose nozzle temperatures also be individually controlled? HOT MELT TROUBLE SHOOTING PROBLEM: POOR ADHESION (if heat sealing, use minimum heat seal temperature. Cool to room temperature before evaluating bond) . CAUSE ACTION Adhesive mostly on one sur face due to insufficient amount of adhesive or low running temperatures. Apply heavier glue film thickness and/or raise temperature. Adhesive on both surfaces, but shows solidified "legs" or cottoning. Caused by disturbing bond while ad hesive is in a molten or semi-molten state. After surfaces have been adhered, allow to cool several minutes before evaluating. Glossy surface appearance of hot melt. Caused by poor or non-contract of surfaces being adhered. Adjust pressure to keep glued surfaces together while hot melt cools. Easy separation of bond. Usually a result in im proper selection of ad hesive. Try a more suitable product. 5. Spotty adhesion on waxed cartons. Caused by im proper de-waxing or in adequate preheating of surfaces to be bonded. Properly de-wax or pre-heat the surface before hot melt is applie PROBLEM: STRINGING 1. Running temperature too low. -Raise temperature. However, too high a temperature can affect heat stability. 'A. OS\N 586853 STLCOPCB4092187 -6- 2. Stock temperature too low. Prewarm stock on the line with Temperature different bet a blast of warm air. ween stock and adhesive causes a viscosity increase at point of adhesive applica tion. 3. Type of hot melt or applica Apply a hot air jet at point of tion method. adhesive application to reduce viscosity. Use hot wire (Nichrome electrically heated wire) to break string of hot melt. 4. Poor timing or misalignment Check equipment alignment and of carton flap to applicator timing or registration of roll. applicator roll to carton flap as necessary. 5. Poor shutoff of nozzle. Clean and repair nozzle shutoff. PROBLEM: FUMING OR SMOKING OF ADHESIVES 1. Poor heat control Use calibrated thermometer, reset thermostats. 2. Hot melt has poor heat stability. Reduce temperature to minimum needed for a good bond. Cover reservoirs or pre-melters wherever possible. Open pots almost always smoke. Use suction fans over pre-melters or reservoirs and exhaust fumes to outside. PROBLEM: ADHESIVE NOT FLOWING EVENLY FROM ALL NOZZLES 1. Nozzle clogged. Clean or replace nozzle orifice. 2. Remote nozzles in multiple Increase temperature or pressure nozzle set-up may be affected by a pressure drop. slightly. Put larger orifice openings on remote nozzles. Melt down capacity of unit may be in adequate for demand and supply colder adhesive to remote nozzles. Raise temperature or add auxilliar pre-melter. DSW 586854 STLCOPCB4092188 -7- PROBLEM: CHARRING OF ADHESIVE IN MELT TANK 1. Temperature too high in tank Lower temperature in tank. 2. Hot melt charring on side walls of tank. Keep tank filled. 3. Air oxidizing melt. Keep tank covered. PROBLEM: GELLING OF ADHESIVE 1. Overheating. Drain and flush system and lower temperature. 2. Mixing of incompatible adhesives. Check with hot melt supplier. 3. Unstable hot melt (if re peated) Check with hot melt supplier. HOT MELT USES In packaging, hot melts are used in case sealing, tray forming, carton sealing, forming the manufacturers joint on cases and cartons, bag making and sealing, labeling, laminating and heat seal coating. They have also found wide application in fields as diverse as the fabrication of disposable garments, edge banding table tops, pressure sensitive backing for floor tile, and the binding of paper back books. In addition, many other industrial fastening and installing methods have been made more economical through hot melt usage. 0S\N 586855 L STLCOPCB4092189 I i > i i HOT MELT SYSTEM CLEANING PROCEDURE (at Operating Temperature) 1. Reduce level in premelter to lowest possible amount to avoid waste of adhesive. 2. Disconnect feed and return lines. 3. Use high temperature mineral oil, Pentol (manufactured by Witco Chemical), Nordson Adhesive Solvent Type H, or Monsanto Santicizer #192. These products are non toxic, although they do have disagreeable odors. Pentol has the least disagreeable odor. 4. Use a swab and thoroughly wash system down, skinning off any loose large burned particles, then drain. ^ 5. Using clean material, reconnect feed line to premelter and disconnect at applicator pot.* Flush system using pumping mechanism. Drain thoroughly. 6. Use fresh hot melt and stir thoroughly to pick up any contamination due to cleaning media, then pump this material out, until clean, fresh hot melt is emerging from feed line. 7. Manually clean applicator pot, then flush with fresh material, leaving return line disconnected. When fresh material starts to appear, reconnect lines. 8. Resume operation. Flushing should be done periodically to avoid large build-ups of contaminated materials. 9. NOTE: All cleaning material must be removed or this will seriously affect the fresh hot melt. . DSW 586856 STLCOPCB4092190 ;i Most Popular Methods of Applying Laminating Adhesives 1. Rotogravure -- popular, low viscosities. 2. Foil application head -- very popular, low viscosities. 3. 3 roll reverse roll -- higher viscosities. ^ 4. Roll application with doctor roll metering -- higher viscosities. $ & "f DSW 586857 STLCOPCB4092191 V CONCLUSION In the N.Y. region we have an extremely viable business selling S-160 plus related plasticizers to the adhesive Industry. However, to do it effectively we have to be aware of our market, the problems of the customers, and the fact that we are not dealing with Multi-national companies, but. Mom and Pop type operations. They can be sold-but we have to work at it and spend money and time - maybe we should take what we have and run. The writer feels however that we should concentrate on the major customers listed in Section II and have Union Amsco handle the rest coupled with joint calls. so doing^ by end of 1977 we could have potentially 6.8M of the plasticizers business available. DSW 586858 STLCOPCB4092192