Document XRj5qMqMVb8db01p6emx4aMeK

FILE NAME: Hooker Chemical (HOOK) DATE: 1939 July 18 DOC#: HOOK003 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Unpublished Internal Report ^kticmal Ijfnmt, Jlnniislj auir JCartjttcr JVssactaiinii INCORPORATED " M U I t l K T - l t k i r T, T il l . i n t u r r M 2201 NEW YO R K AVE. N.W., W A SH IN G TO N , D. C. Vr CI - mUI DKKT-- k> I B U i n i K I . C lltt* .*.n*n*e. m m m w h office or the president (etui, v i - M i r : t \ t i t iitu.iifr~wurf t. list. *ii gAtTS tffu tl--* . I f.* --HC. , t 1I V 8I T U II , , 1 i:h $ t :* C T * * r ---H tU C t * . W lU IttT H July 18, 1939 c s s a r c s i. c*.$a CONFIDENTIAL otvtuoNM. v i c t i : t : : s T e u tn t tiv ii'M --v i . i i m i i m c iit Not for Publication and Lacquer Association is keenly interested in providing Class A niters with ..a mucn information on this subject as is practicable at this tire. This in formation being confidential is not intended for general publication, - it is being sent only to the Class A group. Please respect this confidence. The vital factor concerning toxic ..mterials is to intelligently safeguard the public. People ray feel safer in buying materials whose danger they know rather than materials unknown to them. Ke trust the several phases presented herein M i l be of some benefit to cenbers in applying every precautioriary erasure in manufacturing, in selling and in use where toxic materials are likely to or ao enter a product. Toxics ana their effects is -e subject very broad in scope and can- only briefly bu treited in this mesaege. Children's toys, equipment, furniture, etc. are not the only consideration. Tcxics - ..bay compounds used in 'paints or lacquers may have harmful effects if cr.releusly handled. Toxic materials nay enter the body through the lungs in the fosu of dust, mist, vepors, or gases, through the skin, or through the mouth end stomach, material inhaled into the nose and mouth can dissolve in the saliva and be swallowed. Irritant materials may also hove & direct action upon tno skin end the mucous nenbranes of the. eyes,nose, mouth, and threat. It oust be remembered that all people do not react in the some way when exposed to chemicals. Some may be quite seriously affected by quantities which are harmless to others. Hcncs, it follows that any one using paint and allied prod ucts should provide adequate ventilation and should observe ordinary sanitary measures such as the washing of the hands and face before eating and keeping the clothes clean. Dirty work clothes, including shOuS, can be an important source of skin absorption. Some of the ingredients of paints end allied products might receive special mention because of their specific effects, rather than because they iierely displace part of the air or cause slight discomfort if taken into the stomach or system. MCA 0 02901 N 68 / - 2- there is oucl* evidence to indicate that St is a toxic .arterial.) Any cases oi suspected antimony poisoning have been tmeed to the ''I accompanying Ic/.d. s *** Arsenic .Ccrcpounds. Paris green or other compounds containing arsenic. CivV-i-a.. C.fxiuK sulfides uid salenidns ore toxic, but belong to the s >oar u-cC pigments. Chr-->l v x . Chro.-ctes of all typos arc understood tc be rcl^ti.-cly toxic. Cl.rordum oxides ure relatively :;or.-toxic. U-.c "oc.nounas. Waits lerd, red lead, iitnerge, load chrorctes (chrome yellcvr, chrone green), or other leid pigments. rer^urv. Red ur.d yellow oxides of mercury or other products containing wurj* - Liquids - Alcohols. The toxicity of nethyl alcohol is very well at own. As used in lecquers, the other alcohols are relatively harmless. benzol.*- Trie is pi'cbubly tar. uost dangerous cf all CLantreial solvents, but its use ir. our industry is probably restricted to curtain paint tnd vcmi3h recovers. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons. Carbon tetrachloride, trichlor ethylene, tctj-r.ciilcrcthano, uthyleae uiciiloride, and siailar chlorinated cliph.-.tic hydrocarbons are said to ce very d iqjarouc toxics. Chloricu-ted rou.tic hyuroc .rbor.a :xa s-id to be iter- toxic t:.-u ti.c cori or.^onui-.g '.yurocurbon itooif, but some chlorinated area tics are frequently tne sour of rkin troubles. Lacquer Solvents. There is some evidence that the acetates-- ethyl, butyl und cayl-- era more cr less toxic, cotone nr.d tin ether ketones ..re relatively hrraless, Mc^t other solvunts used to a ltssvr extent are either harmless in them selves, are used in such relatively small amounts, or arc so slowly evaporating that they present no hazard. ?cthyl Alcohol. The use of this product should be- avoided. It is aefinitely poisonous. Solvent Naphtha. This is tlso relatively non-toxic as compared to benvscl, cad probably less toxic than toluol end xylol. TulucI and Xylol. In equal concentrations, those are said to be more toxic than benzol, but because they are less volatile the actual hazard is usually less. ' NC A 0 02902 */ 3- Trlcresvl. Phosphates. The para- and meta-tricresyl phosphates which are used as plasticizers are non-toxic, Ortho-trieresyl phosphate, on the other hand, ie- a violent poison. Turpentine and mineral Spirits. Those products are relatively non-toxic but ore still listed in works on toxicology as causing eczema and irri tation of the skin and raucous membranes. Some people exposed to the fumes are subject to ir.ter.ial disorders when breathing substantial er.cur.ts sf turpentine, `ir.srcl spirits is less tcxic than turpentine. 0*hor rli-stlcizors. Very little is known regarding the toxicity of other c.-umon so-called cheaical plasticizers, but the hazard frca volatility or dust is, of course, snail. Tne m i n ccr.c-idsration, whenever paint products are used, is constant repetition to the paint consumer of the necessity of employing adequate .vntil&tion and maintaining personal hygiene. Printed Vetter - Color cards and advertising literature should not in clude any reference by the use of words or sketches to indicate or reccaraend a product for children's toys, equipment, furniture, etc., unless* it is absolutely free frca toxic materials. Ncr.-Foiscnous Colors - It is generally conceded there is relatively little danger of toxic effect from paints on toys and nursery furniture, as both the paint manufacturer are! the toy manufacturer are familiar with the types of non-poisenous pigments to use. Nevertheless, the individual company should constantly guard against using any toxic material, especially lead compounds, in products for finishing children's toys, etc. Note: (See pzge #7 of "Odds end Ends", a special circular of the Scientific Section Notional Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association, issued August 1938.) Grcwn-ups are exposed to some hazards as in the case of children. There fore products for finishing pencils, and other articles that aay be placod in the mouth, through habit, require the use of toxic-free materials. Labeling - No definite procedure is recommended for labeling. Labeling is serious since it becomes a public matter with the question as to what would result if this wore done. Each manufacturer can ably cope with the toxic material situation by constantly safeguarding the public through the prod ucts he manufactures and by the repetition of instructions to salesmen, service men and others who can intelligently instruct the consumer of the advantages of providing adequate ventilation and of maintaining personal hygiene. General - The statement of legal principles listed belov was prepared for and distributed by the Manufacturing Chemists1 Association for the guidance of its irasdbcrs concerned nith labeling problems, and is supported by decisions of the courts. Although the principles set forth are not entirely the result of litigation Involving material used by members of our industry they are nevertheless generally applicable to situations arising frca the use of harmful substances. NCA 0 02333 / Manufacturing Chemists' Association Legal Principles 1. A manufacturer who puts out a dtmgordus article or substance without acconpunying-it with u warning as to its dangerous properties is crcir.srily liable for any dtnage which results from such failure tc warn. 2. A m-nufC'Ctursr or dealer who erroneously libels a dangerous drug with the r.&me of a harmless substance is liable for any injury which ray he caused thereby. 3. Failure to comply with c statute, e.g., with respect tc labeling pcisens, is usually held tc be negligence par se or at least evidence of negligence. A. The name of the product alone nay be sufficient wrning, if its na ture is very widely known or its sale is restricted to those who arc . presumed tc know its nature, but even in such cases the advisability of a specific warning is indicated. 5. Technical accuracy may not bo sufficient protection for the aanufacViror if he usas words which may give the purchaser the impression that his product is not -.hut it actually is. 6. A nonwnrranty of results is net a warning against pcssible dangerous r-suits._ 7. The consumer is antitlca to rely on positive representations or di rections appearing on the label unless he knows them tc be incorrect. 8. The manufacturer is ordinarily not liable if his product is put to a use fer which it is not intended and tn injury results which cculd net reasonably have been foreseen. It is often difficult, however, to knew whether o particular result should have been foreseen, and the courts are apt to differ on this pcint. 9. The manufacturer or one who holds himself out tc be the manufacturer must know tho qualities of his product and he cannot escape liability on the ground that he did not know it to be dangerous. 10. The general rule that a manufacturer is not liable to these not in privity of Contract with him does not apply when his product is immi nently or'inherently aangwrous. Conclusion - lie grant that tills is a very broad subject, and doubt if a concise set cf roles can be established. Nc-vorthsless, it say be solo that our members can meet their individual problems in safeguarding the public, including of course our own factory employees, by their sincere effort in taking advantage of every possible precaution in the use of toxic materials in manufacturing, selling and in use. Such precautions plus constant repetition of intelligent instructions will, it is believed, securo the best rei ETT:roa HIE* Q Q22Q4