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e Accident-Prone Employee - The Conference Method Promotes Safety - Keep Up Their Interest WHY DO YOU USE WELDING GLASS? Your well considered answer to this question probably would be-- First: to protect the eyes of our welders against harmful light rays. Second: to enable our welders to see so they can make strong welds. YELLOW jdrange KEYRAY5 WELDING GLASS Analyze your answer. Aren't the two reasons given above sufficient to make you want the best quality of welding glass--such as Keyrays ? Keyrays will take the glare hazard out of your welding--will protect against 99.9% or more of the injurious light rays including the ultra violet and the infra red. Keyrays will enable your welders to see their work clearly, whether it is the electric arc or the oxy-acetylene flame. Welding has become of tremendous and increasing importance to production and industry in general. The value of the welding process depends upon the strength of its welds and Keyrays aids in making strong welds possible. There is a shade of Keyrays glass for every welding operation. Let us sug gest the proper shade for your work. Let us supply you with a welding glass that gives maximum protection yet sufficient vision for good welding. STANDARD SAFETY EQUIPMENT COMPANY 75 E. Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois 1060 Broad Street Newark, New Jersey When Given a Choice MOST WORKMEN CHOOSE WILLSON LJ-5o To merely harden clear lenses is no longer considered difficult but to gain the extreme hardness necessary without seriously damaging its optical qualities is a combination seldom found in any lens other than Willson Super-tough. Many of these lenses are tough enough to have stood the impact of a %" steel ball dropped from a height of lb" as often as 200 times without breaking, and when tested for optical requirements against Federal Specifications were found to be nearly perfect. That is just one of the reasons the Willson LJ-50 goggle is so often chosen in preference to all other goggles. It gives the workman eye safety without eye strain. There is also a certain fit to the U-50 that takes away that harsh, unpleasant feeling most goggles have and besides it's very light, well padded and well ventilated. It's flexible enough to permit fitting to the individual and yet very durable. If you are not already using LJ-50-- try it--and you'll find it's all that we claim. The unseen blur in ordinary safety goggle lenses as recorded by the camera. Causes eye-strain and headache. WILLSON PRODUCTS, Inc. READING, PENNSYLVANIA The same picture as above taken thru a, Willson super-tough lens. Here there Is no blur to cause eye fatigue. The NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS is published monthly by the National Safety Council. 20 North Wacker Drive. Chicago, III. Yearly subscription Price, $4.00. Volume XXIII, Number 5. Entered as second-class matter June 1, 1921, at the postoffice at Chicago, 111., under the Act of .March 3, 1879. MAY, 1931 An open message to mine executives EN years ago, coal and metal Tmines were introduced to the Hard Boiled Hat. Response was at first not rapid. You executives had to be shown that the Hard Boiled Hat WOULD minimize head injuries, --first by our demonstrations, then by your own practical tests. During these past ten years you have decided that the Hard Boiled Hat would do what we claimed. You have ordered and re-ordered. For which we are grTahteefuHl. ard Boiled Hat has been watched on thousands of miners' h-eads and from suc.h-v-ob-**s***e--.%rvations we have learned how to make it better. We now offer an improved Hard Boiled Hat. Now, we can truthfully claim more for the Hard Boiled Hat than ever before. Specifically we claim three things: first, that the new Hard Boiled Hat is the most COMFORTABLE protective hat obtainable; second, that it will withstand more HARD USAGE (and still protect) than any type of protective hat; and third, that it will give greater SERVICE per dollar cost than any other protective hat! You, gentlemen, have accepted the original Hard Boiled Hat after you have found it satisfactory according tsoubyjoecutr tohwe nnetewstHs.aWrdeBinovileited Hyoaut ttoo still more rigid tests. confidence that it will justify <the three points of superiority claimed:;, -^comfort, protection, ana dollar service. ' ::\ f K. D.'ttiTiLLAi 275 Eighth SO , "V. IF Yon Want.. F-M 1310 Face Mask . . . the NEWEST in PULMOSAN Respirators . . . at the Lowest Prices in PULMOSAN History j -- then-- You'll Want Our New Respirator Broadside and Revised Price List! GR-230 Combination Goggle Respirator G-R 200 Combination Goggle Respirator R-I30 Sponge Type Respirator The Safety Engineer who has a dust or fume prob lem will find a most satisfactory and economical answer in PL'LMOSAN'S newest respirator broad side. Not only does it illustrate and describe the most comprehensive line of respiratory equipment avail able today--but extraordinary price reductions bring worthwhile economies. R-100 Dustpruf Respirator R-110 Dustpruf Respirator In answer to numerous requests, we want to em phatically state that the reduced prices in no way affect the quality, design, workmanship or effi ciency of PULMOSAN respirators. On the contrary, the quality has been improved and (in some instances) new improvements in de sign have been made. The Coupon Brings the Whole Story Mail it now! Pulmosan Safety Equipment C'orji. 176 Johnson Street Brooklyn, N. Y. Michigan Distributor: The Boyer-Campbell Co. ( '1 Detroit MAY, 1931 Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp., j 176 Johnson St.. Brooklyn. N, Y. I Gentlemen: Send me your latest broadside on Respirators and revised price list. Name..................... ............................................................................................ ; ................ Address................................................................................... ..................................................... (N.S.N.) 4 A M E R I CAN OPTICAL New Model 500 Face Mask Patented New Model 700 ^WelSe?* Helmet Patented Model 5039-50 Patented * Vv'-' ;* '.. PRICES ii& 1 K*. i a w Z*4l~ A` V, ach 25 or more 150 or more DuraIite-50 Super Armorplate lenses prfs1 $1.50 Duraweld 50 mm. Noviweld lenses and covers No. 700 Helmet, 50 mm., Noviweld lenses and covers *3.50 w7:00j $&25 2.25 No. 500 Face Mask, 50 mm., Noviweld lenses and covers^ %5.75; -5.25 No. No. No. 150 Hand Shield, Noviweld lens plate and cover*, j'. 3006-50 Goggle, Super Armorplate lenses 3039-50 Goggles, Super Armorplate lenses . r #6.00V A 5.25 S&sSvk' Plmv3? 1.20 /I-35 SAFETY PRODUCTS an d PROTECTION embracing every industrial need. I he latest and best developments for more efficient and comfortable head and eye protection have been compiled in our new Industrial Catalog as a part of the service that American Optical Company extends to the Safety Engineer. Responsible for this publication is the A O Engineering Service Bureau, whose services to aid in solving all safety problems involving eye hazards are free to Safety Engineers. This same engineering staff, working with the scientists of the A 0 Research Laborato ries, is continually engaged in developing more efficient products to provide for better eye protec tion under all industrial conditions. These im proved products--"a goggle for every industrial need"--are available through a nation-wide sys tem, with Branches in all industrial centers. If you have not received this new edition, use the coupon on this page. Know A O safety products, and standardize on them; you will find they are better, and among the most economical in price. OPTICAL COMPANY Massachusetts BRANCHES IN ALL PRINCIPAL CITIES MAY, 1931 !i D U a T K 0 Jh. iL JYB Pi3YS1fOAi yh 3:V\?AA- '' f4 Ty, "T"! V .v AMERICAN OPTICAL COMPAMY Send the coupon for the 1931 AO Safety Catalog--it con tains much information to help you. \ y American Optical Company y Southbridgc, MnfttmchuticUH Kindly send us a copy of the 1931 edition of"INDUSTRIAL EYE PROTECTION." < ^ 44 < < j f. y Name of Company____ _____ l 1 t < f -.... -.......1Z | ji< NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Published by the National Safety Council, Inc. XXIII (' IT I C A (I 0. If A V. I 9 2 1 Number 3 They're Learning to Wait Such enmplneeiice can mile only from a well-lilled -innmeh. Xn niiin with a hungry family eottld so ap XE of the most encouraging examples of progress preciate the beautie-- of ailver-ity. The fact that people O in public safety is the. reduction in grade erossiim fatalities. Loss of. life was less in 1920 than in any year sim-e 1922. acrordiiisr to reports for the year tiled have responded generously ro appeals for help hardly offsets the humiliation experienced by those who must swallow their pride and ask for charity. by tin1 railroads with the Interstate Commerce Com mission. At best, charity can provide only minimum standards of living. In times of unusual stress the resources of charitable organizations may be strained even beyond Complete reports show that 2.020 persons lost their this point. Malnutrition, disease, and lack of medical lives in grade erossimr accidents dnrimr 1920. This was cart1 often result in permanent injury to the victims of a reduction of 423. or nearly 1!) per cent from the total depression. of the previous year. Persons injured totaled 3.317. a Doubtless depression Inis had a salutary effect upon reduction of 1 .>27 as compared with the previous year. those who had become intoxicated with easy money. The number of victims, of course, depends on a variety But these form an extremely .small proportion of our of circumstances, bur tin* number of collisions also de population. Most people work for a living. Their in creased. There were 4.''32 crashes between auto and comes are more or less fixed and their perpetual prob train in 1920 as compared with 3.973 in 1921). lem is to balance revenues and expenditures. Tt hardly seems probable that the slight reduction in Business cycles may be inevitable. They may even train-miles was responsible for any appreciable share of this reduction. Gasoline consumption reached a new nark during the year and highway traffic fatalities in creased four per cent. result in isolated spiritual benefits. But the human cycle of birth, marriage and death, with the inexorable necessity of earning a living, will continue to provide sufficient discipline for the development of character. Tin* railroads, in cooperation with other organizations, have for years waged a vigorous campaign to impress the puhlie with the necessity for caution at crossings. Child Health Day There is good reason to believe that the public has been impressed. The railroads have supplemented their educational efforts with physical protection at crossings. There are still many crossings with inadequate protection but progress is being made each year in this direction. Visual and audible signals at more crossings and greater care on the part of train crews in sounding the whistle are helping in improvement. The decrease in crossing casualties, together with re markable achievements in safe train operation, are de serving of the highest appreciation on the part of the public. IOW painful a mystery is the death of a child," * said Sylvestre Bonnard, the lovable professor of Anatole France's charming story. The taking of a young life stirs us all deeply, and scarcely less tragic than death is the blighting effect of preventable illness or injury. Any movement which has for its object the saving of children's lives and the preservation of their health and happiness makes a strong appeal to the public. The life of an adult may be of greater value to society, from the coldly economic point of view, but the saving of a child is much more effective in arousing humanitarian impulses. Xo phase of the safety movement has awak ened wider interest or brought more gratifying results The Uses of Adversity than the work among children. Children's dependence and trustfulness are appeal OOD may eome out of bad times. They are supposed ing to our protective sense. But there is an even more G to develop the better traits of human nature, al important reason for our interest in their physical and though few would care to recommend so drastic a rem spiritual well being. Their lives are before them. On edy. Yet" a prominent financier recently made this as the children depends the future of the nation. tonishing comment.-. May 1 has been declared Child Health Day by procla "Economists are thinking and working in the hope of mation of President Hoover, giving official recognition chieving some theories or plans that will make these ownward swings of the pendulum a thing of the past. to an important movement. The well-being of children is a community responsibility as well as an individual '"Perhaps they will succeed. But for myself. I cannot duty. Public health measures are removing many of help but hope that no truly perfect system will ever be. the scourges of the past and training in personal health discovered, for I believe that depressions are the making is raising the standards of health throughout the of men and of nations." country. Obsolete By CARMAN T. FISH city out-ode it-- iratcs. Hawthorne has its pmlilrms of trallic retaliation: it likewise has its nwn police and lire department, stores, restaurants and a hospital. There tire many features about this well planned group of plants that ap peal to the safety man. Lighting, ventilation and housekeeping are ar ranged to provide-healthful working conditions. Hawthorne cleans house every working day, and the premises show it. Perhaps the nature of the products has influenced the com pany's policies in this direction. In an organization which is given over so largely to precision work, one woidd naturally expect to find neatness and order stressed. A notable example of modern de velopment for an operation that is supposed to be unavoidably dirty is the brass foundry. Here the making of brass castings is literally a white collar job and the walls of the foun dry are painted white. At one side of the room sand chutes provide sand for the molders and the molds are passed on roller conveyors to the other side, of the room where the ro tary electric arc furnaces are located. Gratings in the. floor and belt con veyors below remove the excess 'sand. Adjoining this, .department is the iron foundry of older design, but well By means of the public address system all employees can be reached for mass meetings or entertainment programs during the noon hour. Inset: 0. L. Bice, vice-president of the company and works manager of Hawthorne. maintained according to present . not intended to be taken too literally standards. but a trip through the factory build Another example of refinements in ings shows the thoroughness of the safety is found in the photographic safeguarding program. department where large quantities of film negatives are stored. Even be fore the Cleveland Clinic disaster had focused attention on the hazards of film storage the Western Electric Company had installed metal cabi nets with self-closing and self-lock ing doors, vented to the outside. . "Everything that moves must be guarded,'' is the slogan at Haw thorne. Like most slogans this was "But," you may interject, "how about the worker? He is the real hazard, and how are you going to guard him ? ' ' The human mechanism has not been overlooked. Every practicable device for personal protection has been provided--goggles, respirators, safety shoes, or whatever the job needs. One of the important aspects of personal protection is the care taken in fitting the device to the man. Gog gles are selected first for their effec tiveness in guarding the wearer in a particular job. Then they are fitted to the man with the care displayed hy an oculist in fitting a pair of specta cles. The use of safety clothing la promoted by these. portabLo'hUsplays. Safety shoes, hair nets for women operators, gloves, respirators,' goggles, hard-boiled hats, and ' leggings are shown. Hawthorne Works stresses foot pro tection and the records show that at least 45 toes have been saved from serious injury by the wearing of pro tective shoes. Employees know that the safety shoes obtained from the company's stores are really safe. Shoes must pass a series of formid able tests and these are repeated peri odically to insure maintenance of protective standards. One set of sam ple shoes is exposed for 16 hours to an atmosphere that is 9(1 per cent MAY, 1931 vz [iha.se of accident prevention and there is a never Failing source of new information at Hawthorne. Locally tin1 campaign is carried on even more intensively by the Ihnr- thunu Mirrophmu. ;t works newspa per which fills an important place in tin1 lives of Hawthorne workers. In addition to rlie propaganda tints dis seminated. there is a special accident prevent ion bulletin for supervisors. Supplementing the material pro duced within the plain, the Western Electric Company distributes each month some 20,000 copies of Tin Safe Worker, me National Safety .Council's pocket size magazine for in Left: Safety shoes used at Hawthorne must pass exacting tests. Right: The protective toecap will withstand sharp projections as well as falling objects. humid at u temperature of' 90 I*'. Another set of shot's is immersed for 16 hours in ;i solution of tartaric acid which approximates tin* effect of per spiration over a long period of wear. Both sets of shot's, together with a third set that lias not been treated, are then subjected to drastic punish ment under the descending ram of an extremely accurate hydraulic ma chine. The exact strength of the him* toe caps on each set of shoes is Measured in pounds. It can thus be determined just how well the shoes will stand up under normal wear, and how much protection they will rive when nearly worn out. As a re sult of these tests a hard toe-box of impregnated felt composition is now. built into every safety shoe. This cap and enforced in every department. There is a never-ending campaign of publicity for safety and health. Post ers are used in quantity and are dis played not only on the regular bulle tin boards but also on smaller boards mounted on benches in the assembling departments. The Western Electric. Xeirs. an employee magazine which dustrial workers. The CoimeiCs safe ty calendar, mailed to every super visor with a personal letter from Mr. Rice, is another safety medium which has produced a favorable reaction. Another important medium for training employees in safety is the West Side Forum of the Chicago Safety Council. Here Hawthorne workers meet with representatives of other plants to hear speakers and take part in discussions. Mr. Rice makes it a point to attend most of these meetings. The safety organization at Haw thorne is somewhat unusual. Instead of accident prevention work being di rected by the industrial relations de partment, the safety department is ('an withstand blows of-several hun dred pounds without appreciable damage to the shoe and none to the wearer's toes. Xext and equally important in foot protection is insuring a good fit for every wearer. A trained man is in charge of the store and fitting is done according to scientific methods. Many conditions, such as flat foot and contracted toes, are pointed out to the buyer, and recommendations for clearing up the trouble are made. More than 15,000 pairs of safety shoes have been sold since the com pany opened its store, in April. 1928. New standards of foun dry housekeeping have been adopted in this brass foundry. Inset: Pouring from electric arc furnace. The significant fact is that practically everyone who buys one pair usually comes back for a second pair when ..they are worn out. Even more, important are the menrfd safeguards which are provided. Hawthorne supervisors are-. safety minded, and safe practices are taught rivals many a national magazine in appearance and interest, is distribu ted among all branches of the com pany scattered over the country. Many feature articles present some tv-v under the direction of the superin tendent of public relations. This of fice is filled by Carl W. Bergquist, who is president of the National Safety Council for the current year. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Accident prevention tits definitely into the public* relations program and .safety is more than a private matter between employer and employee. It has an important bearinu: on the com pany's relations with the community. The safety interest-, of tin1 company do not end when the employee goes mit the mite at the '-lose of his work ing shift. Ami so we find the* West ern F.leetric Company actively en gaged in aiding community safety programs in greater Chicago as well its nationally. The contest idea is promoted thrmiidiout rite eity and it hits aided in bringing about a widespread inter est in safety and an extremely low accident rate. Departments are inter ested in the1 inter-plant and intcr-Heet contests sponsored by the Chicago Safety Council and several trophies have been won. The safety division reporting to the superintendent of public relations is headed by Elmer -J. Smith, whose or ganization is composed of 14 persons. Each branch has its own safety su pervisors and effective central safety committees have also been organized. It is customary to associate hazards with heavy manufacturing operations and to ignore the dangers of the lighter occupations. But the safety engineer at Hawthorne knows better. A prick from a fine copper wire, scarcely noticeable and seemingly harmless, may result in a serious case of infection. First aid is therefore emphasized repeatedly. Nor do all the eye hazards result from heavy flying particles. On some of the delicate bench operations a wire may break and strike the opera tor in the face, so the girls wear gog gles of a lighter type scarcely dis tinguishable from spectacles. Not as foolish as It looks. It's just a demonstration of the safety hats worn by maintenance men. Bricks, wrenches, and other objects dropped from scaffolds are as harmless as raindrops. Convenient flrst-ald rooms are located throughout the plant. Prompt treatment of small cuts prevents much lost time. with three first-aid stations located throughout the plant, is the main line of defense against infection. Every supervisor is on the alert to detect scratches and abrasions, and every ' employee is impressed with the im portance of prompt treatment. Not every scratch draws enough blood to attract attention, and the apparent insignificance of the injury may cause a false sense of security. The operating rooms equipped with tt bewildering variety of aids to the surgeon are impressive to the layman, but too specialized to be described in - this article. Fortunately this equip- - ment is seldom used.- Equipment for Swinging guards, tweezers, and an alert mind, overcome the hazards of punch-press operation. the various therapies, and special de vices for restoring use to injured parts, are used in connection with a broad program of rehabilitation. Some of these devices have been de Approximately 25 per cent of the veloped by H. F. Albright, who is in workers are women. They are found charge of the hospital, exclusive of among the punch press operators and the medical staff. as braiders, coil winders, inspectors, Although seemingly equipped for a assemblers and testers, and in such disaster, the main purpose of the hos delicate and difficult operations as pital is prevention. When the new splitting mica. A mere man marvels employee is examined to determine his at the skill, patience and dexterity of physical qualifications before place these girls. ment, he gets some new ideas on the The medical service under the di prevention of accident and illness. Ad rection of Dr. Frank L. Smith has ditional contacts with employees are played an important part in keeping secured through voluntary periodic down the accident rates. From the small first-aid room established in the old plant in 1898 has developed a modern hospital, equal to any indus trial hospital in the world. re-examinations, through first-aid treatment of minor injuries and ill ness, and from examinations on re turn from sickness absence. Closely allied with the work of the The emergency department for the medical department is the first-aid treatment of minor injuries, together (.Please turn to page 52) MAY, 1931 What Is an Accident? By SIDNEY J. WILLIAMS* THE DICTIONARY definition of an accident is too broad for the purposes of a safety movement. An incident is an accident when someone is hurt or might easily have been hurt and innumerable other common things--a brick for example. These become hazardous only when the ele ment of motion is introduced: when an automobile strikes the telephone ECK XT discussion*; of tin* in consequence to a safety man or to R direct costs of accidents and anyone else, and to call every such near accidents, and of how ac occurrence an accident would seem cidents should be classified, have beefanr-fetched indeed. of great value in broadening and Host accidents involve the person deepening our conceptions of safety who is or might be injured and some methods and objectives. These dis object or substance which strikes the missions also suggest the need of ex person or with which he comes into amining critically our definition of contact. This striking or this con an accident, because constructive dis tact generally involves motion of pole, when a man falls from a build ing and strikes the sidewalk, or when the brick falls from a building, or is thrown, and strikes the man. An accident, then, deserves to be called such, only when one or a com bination of these three elements be comes great enough to produce an in jury or a reasonable likelihood of in jury. cussion presupposes an agreement on the object toward the person or of what we are talking about. the person toward the object. We Every dictionary contains numer then find that the question whether ous definitions of "accident,'1 de or not the person is injured or in pending on how the word is being danger of being injured by this oc used. Here, we are interested from currence depends on a combination of the viewpoint of the safety move- these three elements: mt--that is. of preventing unnee- 1. The inherent hazard of the object. sarv deaths, injuries, and economic losses. 2. The vulnerability of the part of the body affected. 3. The speed of impact. One dictionary definition that In some common types of accidents proved useful years ago in develop one of these three elements predom ing the intimate relation between inates------fin others, another. Objects safety and efficiency, is this: an acci of high inherent hazard include, for dent is "anything occurring unex example, a high-voltage electric pectedly.-' That sounds simple and-- transmission wire which by mere con is certainly broad. But it has a sub tact with any part of the body will jective element--it begs the question cause death: or a hot object or in of what is "unexpected" and by jurious chemical with which contact whom. is sufficient to cause injury. A weld Could One Have Been Injured? There is, then, no strictly objective definition of an accident. There is necessarily always the element of judgment as to the seriousness of the hazard. Is it an accident if. in walk ing about the room, my hand strikes lightly against the edge of the table? To say that it is. seems absurd from the viewpoint of practical common sense. But a little child, walking about the same room and striking his forehead against the same table will receive a bruise--an accident, though a minor one. If the child strikes the corner of the table with his eye. the injury and hence the accident may he quite serious. Again, is it an accident if there is dust in the air as I walk down the Location Makes a Difference ing flame may injure by radiation, street? Common sense says "No." without contact. Again, a small par Yet a particle of dust may conceiv The falling of icicles from the southern edge of the roof on a sunny day in April is quite to be expected, from the standpoint of physics, but the falling of a particular icicle on the head of a man below is unexpeet;d by him and is certainly an acci- ticle of hot metal which would not materially harm the hand may senously injure the eye, thus introduc ing the element of vulnerability or susceptibility of the eye to injury. Of somewhat lower inherent haz ard are knives and other sharp or ably get into my eye and possibly cause injury. It is all a question of degree.. To win the support of or dinary sensible people, the safety movement must confine its attention and its educational effort to those ac cidents or near-accidents that are of ient. The falling of the same icicle piercing instruments. These will not real practical importance. :rom the same roof, missing the cause injury by mere contact; there The above brief analysis suggests nan's head by a few inches, would must be motion, but not necessarily some interesting corollaries. In the >e called a near-accident which the rapid motion. However, the rapid classification of accidents we have nanagement should seek to prevent. motion of a circular saw combined sometimes felt that it was illogical to Tet the fading of an icicle from the with its inherent hazard as a cutting include in the same category the ? of a tree in northern Canada, a instrument makes it more dangerous means of an accident (such as a sharp . udred miles from any human be- than a slow-moving hand. saw. knife or other hand tool) and the ng, is a natural happening, of no Finally, objects of low inherent manner of occurrence (such as a fall hazard include most stationary ob or an automobile collision). But per- Director, Public Safety Division, National afety Council. jects--a telegraph pole, a sidewalk; (Please turn to page q4) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Curbing Crossing Crashes By HERBERT A. ROWE ONE of the most perplexing problems of highway safety and one of the greatest sources of trouble for the railroads seems to be coming under control at last. The year 1930 showed a substantial reduction in the number of collisions between trains and automobiles and in the number of victims IFFICULT tusks aiv fascinat pemmliige in 1921 of fatalities at creased to l.i29.643.256 mile>. so that D ing. Overcoming them is "ratifying. When, in 1!I21, tin1 Safety Seetion crossings to each 10.000 automobiles registered was 1.21. while the per centage of injuries was 3.35. there was a reduction of hut 10.39 per cent in 1930 over the maximum locomotive mileage during the period of tiie American Railway Association determined upon active efforts to re duce railroad-highway crossing casu alties. an admittedly difficult matter there were then 10.46ti.000 automo biles upon our highways. Compared with 1.921. fatalities at railroad crossings increased in 1930 by 315. or 13 per cent, while injuries increased 649. or 13 per cent. These proportions may. in turn, be com pared with street and highway motor of 10 years. In 1930 gasoline consumption reached the enormous total of 14,800,O00.000 gallons, an increase of 6 per cent over the year 1929. it is con servatively estimated that each gallon In that year. 1.705 crossing fatali fatalities for the same years, there of gasoline represents 12 miles of mo ties occurred, of which 1.262 were to being 12.370 such fatalities in 1921. tor ear operation. The increased occupants of automobiles. Injuries and 30,806 in 1930, an increase of gasoline consumption and, therefore, were indicted upon 4.86S persons, of 18.436 or 149 per cent. the increased automobile mileage, in which number 4,025 were likewise oc Viewing the subject of railroad dicates more numerous crossing haz cupants of automobiles. e r o s s i n g fa ard exposure. It was readily seen that the auto talities for the mobile must be recognized as an im two years 1929 During the year 1929 (latest avail able figures 1 there were added 1,468 portant factor in railroad crossing and 1930. we accidents. have a definite highway crossings over, railway tracks in the United States, each hav Since 1021 crossing accident pre vention has been annually featured by the railroads through the careful crossing campaign, and while there has been, of course, a numerical in crease of casualties sustained at cross ings due to the increased number of automobiles in use. yet a consistent proportionate reduction of such casu alties was accomplished. Automobile registrations as of De cember 31. 1930, reached the total of 26,523,779, an increase of 135 per cent over 1921. In 1930 railroad crossing fatalities were 2,020 and injuries were 5,517. The percentage in 1930 of fatalities at crossings to each 10,000 automo biles registered was .76, while the percentage of injuries was 2.04. The reduction in the latter year be low the pre vious year of 4 6 5 fatalities and 1,287 in juries. Lest we should hastily conclude that diminishing railroad traffic and lessened automobile use were responsible wholly for these marked reductions, let us bear in mind that the locomotive miles oper ated in 1930 were 1,542,623,531 whereas in 1921 locomotive miles op erated were 1,548,359,619. This in dicates that approximately the same number of locomotive miles or trains ing its potential hazards. The addi tion of highway crossings at level grade with the railroad is usually be yond railroad control, responsibility resting with state and local officers. Evidently many factors contribut ed to the definite control of railway crossing accidents. Some of these factors were: Maintaini n g improved conditions a t railroad - highw a y intersec tions. Addition of advance warn ing signs and highway marikings. More exten Claims Attorney, Delaware. Lackawanna & Western Railroad, New York City; Chair man, Safety Section. American Railway As sociation. were operated in both years. The sive employ locomotive mileage in 1929 had in ment of warn- MAY, 1931 113 ing (levin's at dangerous emssinr>. Bringing the locomotive whistle Window Display Warns Kite Flyers --*^nal closer to tin: actual erossiiur. iiiprovi'd automobile control. Better [iitlilic 11 rule r>f;i ml i iilt of signs and signal-, at and near erod ings. Adoption of increased care by mo IXCK hour before the rime of wires, divisions of the power system S Benjamin Franklin children are often burned out and portions deliirlireil in kite living. But of the community deprived of light loday the oxpn-ed electric wires oafnd power for long periods. People power lines have spread a tragic haz are urged to notify the power depart ard that annually rakes the lives of ment authorities wheat kites fall upon torists and railroad employees. many thoughtless youmrsters. and Enactment by stales of rite Model Vehicle Code increasing uni formity of prac tices and pro tection. Adaptation of existing regula tory codes to nearer conform ance with the Model Vehicle Code. Generous co operation of the even some grown people. The Department of Water and I'owcr of the city of I.os Angeles is attempting to safeguard children and their parents who lly kites in the neighborhood of the city's power lines by a campaign of education. By window displays and posters the dangers of using win* instead of string, or string with a core of fine wire, and also win1 or tinsel in the kite frame and rail, are pointed out. Graphic examples are shown in the pictures and posters of children who were shocked to death when their press, automo- kites fell over highly charged power bile associations. Xational Safety lines. It- is also pointed out how in Council. American Railway Associa attempting to extricate kites from the tion. and others in sustaining the Careful Crossing Campaign with its epitomized advice. "Cross Crossings Cautiously.' ' signals indicating your approach to Automobile operation over the .809 railroad crossings at grade level in our country is entirely safe the railroad crossing. "Have your car in full control, prepared to stop in a safe place. to the careful driver, as is witnessed "Keep in mind that the watchman by the fact that surely more than with the `Stop' disk or light, lower 2.100,000.000 of such passages are ing or lowered crossing gate_s, wig consummated yearly (this presuming wag and flasher light signals operat that each licensed automobile passes ing and showing red. all mean there over but one railroad crossing onee,,-.- is a train coming. - Stop in a safe in each five-days). place. Preoccupied, thoughtless, chance taking, or murderously reckless driv ers are largely responsible for cross ing tragedies, involving themselves and innocent victims. We shall con tinue to have such misfits rushing heedlessly over our highways, by ways, and our crossings. "Train your eyes to identify en gines and ears in motion, and your ears to recognize their warning sig nals. Stop in a safe place. Do not The sign is seen or signal observed --but little attention is paid to it. In the last moment the danger is sensed. The time for reaction has been cut too finely. the wires, so that the service depart ment can remove them without en dangering life or service. These educational displays are shown in the windows of the Depart ment of Water and Power Adminis tration building in down-town Los Angeles and upon bulletin boards. A similar display was made at a Boy Scout demonstration which took place recently at Shrine Auditorium in the city. The Los Angeles School Board is co operating in this campaign through its department of manual education. A training course in the making and Hying of kites has been incorporated which calls attention to danger in the choice of metal materials and cites practical examples of hazards to he encountered. The poster devised by the Department of Water and Power of the city has been reproduced on all the school bulletin boards. The accident prevention activities of botli the Bureau of Water Works and Supply of Los Angeles and of the Bureau of Power and Light have recently been combined by a consoli When, however, as a nation we be come crossing casualty conscious, dation of these departments in the Department of Water and Power, then we shall demand and secure safe driving over railroad crossings. May that day be hastened. "^he driver of a ear may well say: IThat shall I do when nearing a railroad crossing?" The answer, juided by common sense, would be: try to estimate the speed of any train and conclude you can `Get across'. Play safe. "Make it a rule that, as for your self, you will always Cross Crossings and the safety work is now in the hands of Walter L. Smith, safety en gineer. A part of his duties includes the training of some 4,700 employees in first aid work and direction of a campaign to build up the safety re sponsibility of the individual em "Look .out for the signs and the Cautiously." ployee. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Thi* [iivx'iit-- ilii- [Ku.Mliility of a third step in 'i.ilVtv work. Iia>ed up on an annlysi.-, of men rather than of omiim'm or coinmoditii'i-. !.-> then* a rroiip of nti'ii whom wo might edu cate to reduce a large percentage of .wirsc were arbitrarily pill ill I lie pnme-in-accidciit class. For the pur pose uf ibis siiirly severity was ignored. Fi'uiii tiie preventive standpoint, ii made no. difference whether the iiinliiriiian involved The third Mage was to have an in dividual interview with rhe man ami obtain more personal information, concerning his situation in life and his physical condition, his financial -tatu- and his home relationships. tlir ari'idi'iir-' liy wurkimr with a small brnmrhr mi ii is air too suddenly The following example will illus pcreciiliuie of rhe man trate. The employee was supporting Roi-anrly a irnn>porwiiion com a wife ami crippled daughter on a pany. I In' lio-lon Elevated. con motorman''- pay. Me had to take eyre ceived ilie po'-.iliility of going in of Ins home expenses and provide to this third pliitM' of accident medical care for his daughter. Seven prevention work. Then the (,'leveland ty-five per cent of his accidents were Railway hei-ame interested and in head-on collisions. Fifty per cent of vited us to work with them. This those accidents occurred during the presented an excellent opportunity I:rsi hour he had his car out of the for experiments. ar barn in the morning. The rest of The transportation industry is par l he day lie had very few accidents. ticularly suitable for this- sort of The supervisor's report showed that, study. According to the law of averages, the more accidents per in dividual. the easier it is to group these iieeidents and titid out their basic causes. I do not mean that the transportation industry has more aecidents than any other indus try. but they report more. It is a very strict rule that an employee must report any incident which might result in a claim attains! the company. and caused some woman to he thrown to one side of the car, rear ing a pair of hose, or whether the same action of the motorman threw the woman otf the ear in front of an automobile with fatal results. The motorman did not know how to do what he was doing. r.sually a great deal of attention is given to fatal or serious accidents, which may result from some extra neous cause that complicates tile situ when under observation, he was a very competent motorman. They could not criticize his ability except in the early hours. The first reaction would he that this man was extremely negligent. By that we mean. "lie was not pay ing attention to what he was doing.'' But his mind was not a vacuum. lie was thinking about something else. A Troubled Mind As an example, one motorm.au ation at the time. A review of ..this motorman's had experienced o2 accidents in one In the Cleveland study each acci physical condition furnished an ex ar. Not all of them involved per- dent-prone man was treated as a doc planation. He had a hernia. He had .inal injuries, but 52 reportable in tor treats a patient. Each man was applied for work at a cement mill cidents had occurred as a result of examined, his ease diagnosed, a pre where pre-employment examinations his operation methods. With that scription written, and an effort made were made, and had been rejected. large number it was possible to de to see that lie took it. In diagnosing Finally he had secured a job driving termine a trend or eharaeteristie on rhe ease, the man's accident report a street ear. Then somebody told the part of that man. and to note was first analyzed (disregarding se iiim that the company was going to how these aecidents grouped them verity i to find out the kind of aeci start, physical examinations, and he selves into certain classes, and point dents he had. The. man who had 52 would be released. (This was not true ed to definite traits in the man's accidents in a year did not have 52 but the man believed it and the men physical and mental make-up. of diametrically opposite kinds. All tal effect was the same.) Only the Men Were Different of his accidents could be grouped in What happenedHe came down five classifications. to take his ear out in the morning. The accident records of 130 motor- Other phases, such as the time of On starting to exercise he felt a slight men in one division were analyzed, rite run. the time of day in which ac i>ain. It wasn't the physical pain and it was found that one-third of cidents occurred, and other relevant that was important but the possibil those men had two-thirds of the ac information were reviewed. At the ity of losing his job. He was no cidents. Tiie necessity for intensive same time the supervisory officer's re longer young and it would be difficult safety effort was thus narrowed to a port was observed to obtain his opin for him to get another job. His at group of only 50 men. ion of the man's mode of operation. tention was centered on what would What did we find out about these Reliance was not placed upon one happen to his family if he lost his 50 men 1 Their records were analyzed man who might be influenced by favor job. His mind was busy enough, but on a car-mile basis to place them on or prejudice, but a number of individ not on the work he was supposed to an equal footing. There was one mo- uals were instructed to ride on the be doing. As he exercised and his torman who operated his car 5,000 man's ear and fill out a report on physical trouble bothered him less, miles per incident. On that same line his method of operation. his worries also grew less troublesome another man operated only 500 miles These factors were compared, and and he became a good motorman for per incident. The ears and the track almost 100 per cent correlation was the remainder of the day. ''identical: the only difference noted between them. In other words, This was perhaps an extreme case, in the man. each man was having aecidents of the but it illustrates how in every one of "'The 50 men who had records of kind, his method of operation would the eases diagnosed it was possible one incident per 1,000 ear-miles or lead one to expect. (Please turn to page 70) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Man in dark clothing. No highway lighting. Headlights of automobile burning. Man not visible. How lighting increases pedestrian visibility. Man in light clothing. No highway lighting. Headlights of automobile burning. Man barely visible. Man in dark clothing clearly visible with headlights burning and high way lighting adequate. Illuminated Highways Are Safer By DUDLEY M. DIGGS* MODERN highway lighting lessens the dan gers that lurk in darkness and aids night travel L'R highways at night are double the day fatalities. And this O fraught with hazards, not does not take into consideration the only for the automobilist. people -injured (about 35 for each but also for the driver of any vehfaictlea,lity) nor of the cars damaged. and for the pedestrian, as well. I understand that the average eco A study of certain figures covering nomic loss (both direct and indirect) Delaware accidents in 1929 shows that of an accident has been estimated at a little more than 44 per cent of them $1,000. The night automobile acci occurred at night. Practically the dent is worse than the average day same ratio holds good in correspond accident, and the rural highway acci ing figures for New York and for dent well above the city accident: Connecticut; and in both these states night accidents and fatalities are in creasing rapidly. Although Delaware accidents, both day and night, de creased in 1929, her rural night fatal ities on the highways increased at an alarming rate. Note the figures: Percentage 1929 Day Accidents . ........535 Night Accidents ........421 Day Fatalities .. ........26 Night Fatalities . ........28 - 1930 Change 496 7 379 10 19 26 38 35 In short, night fatalities are now Chairman. Committee on Highway Light A Safety. Illuminating Engineering Society; and member Rural Hazards Committee, Na tional Safety Council. (Abstract of an address before the Delaware Safetv Council, Wil mington. Del.) MAY, 1931 therefore, the rural uight automobile accident, in my estimation, will entail an economic loss more than twice as <rreat as the average accident. An accident that was called force fully to my attention occurred near my home. A resident of Syracuse, driving to a football game, passed along an unfamiliar road after dark. The road was torn up for construc tion purposes at a point where it ran through an underpass, and although flaring torches had presumably been placed at each end of the underpass, these had failed due to the wind and rain. The motorist hit the obstruc tion and was killed. Although volun teers assisted in giving warning of the danger and in clearing the road, five other cars came to grief at the same place dur ing the brief interval before the volunteers could function. An obstruction in the road may not be encounter ed on every night drive but one or more glaring head lights usually will be. When I meet one of these I take one last look at the road ahead, set my for the ease with which it might he liirhted. but because of tlu* difficulties it presented. The stretch was of black, nou-reilecting pavement, run ning over two hills, and around two curves, with a railroad on one side and on the other alternating fields and a river. Midway was an inter secting road and a bridge, joining the main road at right angles. At one end was an overhead pass with steep approaches and a right-angle bend at eaeli end of the bridge. The lighting of this mile of road way was studied until the results were proclaimed satisfactory hy city, county and state officials, by illum inating engineers, power company officials, laymen, newspaper reporters and others. Many things were con sidered. hut chief among them was the safety of the public--both motor Lighted section on the Schenectady-Amsterdam Highway, ist and pedestrian--during each twenty-four hours of traffic, over dry steering wheel in lint' when* the road should be. and pray that 1 don't "of hit or hit some one else ami ond up in the ditch. Even when headlights are not glaring, it is impossible to tell, what may be behind them--a small car. a large ear. or a truck with a three-foot overhang. Of all night road accidents, the one involving the pedestrian appeals most to my sympathy. I'sually the accident results in death. On a single pike between Wilmington and Phila delphia 2S pedestrians have been killed in the last four years. All but can eliminate these night hazards? I want to mention a series of tests in road lighting that have been carried on with this object in view. Not that we consider the tests have given a perfect result, but because they have raised the factor of safety by means of a practical and econom ical solution. The Schenectady Auto mobile Club, the Mohawk Valley Towns Association, manufacturers, power companies, members of the county supervisors, city officials and others cooperated in obtaining these tests. and wet road surfaces, on foggy nights and clear nights, on moonlit nights and dark nights, through storm and snow and sleet and rain. One of our officials of the chamber of commerce drove through this lighted zone sis times a week for many months to observe conditions. In addition to this special mile of highway, the department of public safety made available a city street on which similar tests were made. ' A police officer was stationed at each end of tliis street to divert traffic while certain tests were conducted. two of these ' wen1 killed at night. Also there have been many near aeei- A mile of road was selected, not (Please turn to page 58) dents. A little girl in a dark suit came running down the road straight into the headlights of a car, thinking that she was visible and perfectly safe. Only a quick swerve by a steady hand at the wheel saved her. A farmer walking home at night, was saved by the merest chance because of a tear in his blue overalls: a mys terious patch of white appearing and disappearing directly in front of the driver caused him to slow up in time. Doubtless every driver of a motor ear can recall similar experiences of this nature, due to the fact that the pedes trian was not visible. The place where the greatest factor of safety is needed is the place where the accident hazards are greatest. . Darkness not only adds to every other hazard but superimposes many of its own. But we may well ask the ques Lighting adds to the pleasure and security of night driving on this highway tion: "Is there any one thing that near Sonth Jacksonville, Florida. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 21 Keep Them Interested By H. W. HEINRICH " EVERY worker has a certain pride in his skill at his chosen oc cupation. He should be made to realize that skill includes abil ity to do the job without getting hurt. When safety becomes a matter of pride workers will display a keener interest MPLOYEIiS and I'M'cufivi". iv- i[uiri` ability of a high . They may hoi lio callotl upon to soil tlio siU'viia* or pmduot of rlioir industry. Inti thoy must stdl" rlioir idoas and oonviuue otnployoos that quantity and ((Utility of porformtinoo tiro 0x1)0010(1 of thorn. Otto of tint foremost objectives of salesmanship is the creation of the desire to buy. [hi applying this thought to the work of those who tire responsible for the control of acci dent frequency and cost, the objec tive is tile creation of the desire on the part of the employee to be safe and to safeguard others. Match can be said of competition, bonuses, and prizes: the placing of responsibility: the value of meetings, motion pictures, records, and charts, of publicity, and of the many other ways which will appeal to the em ployee and encourage him to take an active part in safety work. There' are. however, certain less common but highly effective methods. Most workers take pride in their skill and ability. They are desirous, too. of getting ahead, of succeeding, or at least of retaining their jobs and the good will of their employers. A Novel Method of Training There is. today, a general recog nition of the direct relation between safety and efficient production. It is known, too, that many of the princi ples of character, that influence per sonal success likewise are require ments in safe conduct. Using these facts as a basis of pro cedure, a rather novel and decidedly effective method of organizing and conducting safety-educational work can readily be instituted. Assistant Superintendent, Engineering: and Inspection Division, The Travelers Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn. (A paper delivered before the Massachusetts Safety Council, Boston, Mass.) The employee can bo appealed to. An accideur-fri'e record requires or performance can lie asked in,' de dull, experience, ability, good judg manded of him. not only because ment. and mental cimrturc and stam rrearer safely is the goal, but also ina on the part of the employee: anil because the occurrence of accidents the attainment of a satisfactory rec and the existence of unsafe practices tire positive evidences of his non-suc cess. his inefficiency, and inability to do rlmt for which he is paid. ord indicates: 1. That the ciuployeo is performing hK work as his employer pays him to do it, or. in other words. that he is t*ooperating with the employer: fit proceeding on this basis, the rone of accident prevention activity is radically altered. It is no longer merely ;t matter of enforcing the com Eilu'ient work, which results in in creased volume ami improved qualify, and Thus directs the attention of the employer to the superior ability of the painstaking worker: pany program, but becomes of vital personal interest to tlio worker. Bear in mind fhal men are first of all in terested in themselves--their own comfort, happiness, security, and suc cess: they are jealous of their privi 3. Physical and mental alertness: 4. Consideration, for the safety and well being of himself and of others: 5. That the employee also possesses foresight, the ability to plan and execute, initiative, concentration, and care. leges and proud of. their skill and abilities. The only well organized safety pro gram so far in general use that em ploys any of these factors in appeal ing to tite employee, is the one which features humanitarian motives. It has. however, been worn thread bare and consequently often lacks punch and effectiveness. Furthermore, unfortunately (although perhaps quite naturally) many an employee listens to such an appeal with his "tongue in his cheek'': he questions to a cer tain extent the sincerity and the mo tives of his company executives who are apparently so solicitous of his safety, and of the comfort, security and happiness of his family. Men Have Latent Abilities It may seem that only a superman could possess, all of these qualifica tions. However, many a man has latent possibilities which may be brought out by self examination, by file acceptance of responsibility, and by encouragement and advice from his superiors. The effort is worth while, because the success and ad vancement of any employee depend almost wholly upon the amount of in telligence and ability that he displays in carrying on his work. Safety-educational programs based on the foregoing factors tend to en courage men in the use of safe prac tices. Obviously the effect of a pro gram which emphasizes the reverse Happily, nearly everything that is of the same factors (for example, defensible from a humanitarian point lack of skill, unsatisfactory perform- of view is also defensible from a prac 'ance, and inefficient work) is to dis tical, economic, and even a normally courage unsafe practices. Either selfish viewpoint. If, then, it seems method may be applicable, according of value to seek a stronger and novel to the type and characteristics of the appeal to the employee in order to employees, but as a rule it is better obtain his support in accident pre to stress the positive factors. vention, it may be advisable to pre In practice such procedure, while sent the old story from another an founded on humanitarian and eco gle. ` Such approach can he based nomic motives, influences the em upon consideration of the following. ployee almost wholly because of its MAY, 1931 appeal to his own personal interests. Safety becomes a matter of pride. He avoids unsafe practices because he rants to. rather than because of the insistence or pleadings ot` some other person. Accident occurrence is prop erly pictured as bungling and fumblinsr. as stupidity and lack of skill, and becomes something to lie ashamed of and to be avoided. How can these, things be worked into a safety program'.' Education Is Not a Cure-all First of all. it is well recognized that safety educational programs cannot be expected to prevent the majority of accidents which occur be cause of unguarded or ineffectively guarded machines and mechanical hazards, or in connection with inher ently dangerous processes. All acci dent prevention work must therefore begin with dangerous physical or mechanical conditions and must in clude continuous corrective proce dure. There is. of course, much room for progress in preventing mechanical accidents but the field for educational effort in eliminating man-failure acci dents is vastly greater and more profitable. It is toward this group of cidents that educational programs .re directed, and it is here that the method of appeal, described in this article, is most effective. Second . The unsafe practices chief ly at fault should be found, and the reasons for their existence (the causes of the accidents) should be ascertained. Third: Subsequent activity, in the form of meetings, talks, letters, dis cussion. admonition, interviews, and supervision, should be based on one or more of the items listed as `'quali ties of a safe worker." An example may serve to illustrate the proposed method of attacking two major unsafe practices, employed by a "Committee on Personnel Improve ment" in a certain manufacturing plant where there had been many tripping and falling accidents. At a meeting of the committee, the. secretary introduced the chief topic on the agenda by reading the follow ing letter from the general superin tendent of the company; To the Members of the Committee on 'ersonnel Improvement: ^Uentlemen:--Two improper conditions have been brought to my attention, which your committee is authorized to deal with. One relates to the plant as a whole: the oilier to a single de partment. First--Trays and boxes arc provided for receiving parts that have been ma chined. The machine operators, throw the parts on the floor about the bases of machines, and depend on the helpers to pick them tip and stack them in the receptacles. Our records show that thi.prarfioe results in many tripping and falling accidents, and that it is a di rect violation of long-standing instruc tions. Second- -The moil in the assembly de partment are frequently injured while using wrenches. Investigation shows that- in most eases they do not set the wrpnehes squarely on the bolt heads or nuts, and the reason or cause is given as lack of skill and good judgment. The conclusions of the committee were as follows: 1. Disregard of instruction to use boxes and trays reflects adversely up on the ability and loyalty of the workers and the supervisor. If the boxes were arranged conveniently (as they should be) the machine op erator would actually save time by using them. Often the parts get tin der his feet and he is obliged to stop his regular work and move them aside. Sometimes parts roll under the machines and in several cases they have become wedged under foot treadles. More helpers are required to pick up and stack parts than should be necessary. Duplication of effort, some spoilage, and inefficieney and waste in general are indicated. The machine operators are paid to handle their work in the proper way, and the supervisor is paid to see that they do so. Actum taken. Each department head was directed to see that: (a) Parts be immediately picked up and stacked in boxes and trays: (b) Instruction relating to this matter be reissued; (e) Instruction be more rigidly en forced; (d) One skilled operator in each de partment be detailed to demon strate the greater speed and effi ciency obtainable by use of proper method, as compared with the pres ent improper method; (e) Notices be posted referring to the lack of skill and ability shown by operators who fail t.o use boxes; (f) Investigator be assigned to check conditions daily, for one week; (g) Within one week each department head be required to report progress in educating workers, to the Per sonnel Improvement Committee. 2. The injuries from slipping wrenches in the assembly department are direct evidence of careless and unskilful work, and of inadequate supervision. An experienced and skilful machine assembler will rarely place a wrench on a nut or bolt head in sueii an insecure manner that it will slip off. `Wrenches are kept in wood repair, nuts and bolts are squarely faced, and wrenches of proper size are used. Although the assemblers are not inherently unskil ful. it is evident that they do not apply their skill and experience to the work at hand. There is an un necessary loss of time as the result of numerous visits to the first-aid room for treatment of avoidable in juries. and because of lost motion and delays. Action taken. Instructions were is sued to the effect that: fa') Within one week the department head must hold a special mooting of not more than ten minutes' dura tion, at which he should call the attention of all assemblers to the careless method of handling wrenches, and state that satisfac tory performance must be forth coming; (h) Records of accident-free men of long service be posted, and that special reference be made to skill ful performance; . c.i Accident-repeaters be instructed in the safe use of wrenches; (d.) The employees be asked to submit suggestions to improve present con ditions; (o) A job analysis be made of assembly work, to see if methods can be improved through engineering re vision ; (f) The department head be admon ished to exercise more continuous and. keener vigilance in observing careless handling of wrenches, and make a report of progress to the Personnel Improvement Committee, within one month--this report to be checked with the accident fre quency and be considered by the committee. Stress Skill and Performance Observe that safety, per se, is not featured in the title of the committee and m its conclusions, nor in the statements of the general superin tendent. The entire problem is treat ed as one that reflects upon skill and performance, notwithstanding that it arises primarily because of injuries to workmen. Another striking variation in this safety organization work is the spe cific nature of the problems discussed. Only two types of accidents were se lected, and these were at once re solved into definitely stated unsafe practices, together with the reasons (Please turn to page 75) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Spray Painting Made Safe By L. C. Le RESCHE* MEASURES for health protection and fire prevention are overcoming the early objections to a useful process the human system if taken internally, and tile need for common sense pre cautions, are too well known to re quire elaboration. It lias long been l'IUXli receni year-- much hcis Let us consider, first, the potential D boen written aboui the hazard* health hazards: the first of these is ol.' spraying. paim*. varnishes, benzol. This ingredient, in the early lacquers. enamel* and other protdeacy s of quick-drying industrial lac tive and decorative coatim:* which quers. was" introduced as the chief may contain ingredient* injurious solvent of that finishing material. It without proper safeguard*. Xumer- was later claimed that serious injury otts investigations have been conduct to workers had occurred in plants ed to determine whether a hazard using it in large proportions, and it may or may not bn present from the therefore fell under suspicion. Al material used or the conditions un though not all investigations and der which it is applied, find prohibi studies of its effects upon workers tory legislation has been sought by are agreed, its use as a lacquer ingre some to support a groundless claim dient by the paint and varnish in of uncontrollable health hazards. dustry has been discouraged. recognized as the cause of the chief disease among the painting craft; but it has also been clearly shown that disability arises from lack of sanitary habits, and that with proper care lead may be safely employed as a paint ingredient. U. -S. Department of Labor Bul letin Xo. 120. on "Hygiene of tin* Painters' Trade." lists the hazards from its use as follows: i'll mixing dry lead: (2) sand-papering leadpainted surfaces (dry") ; (3) rubbing In short, in the development of Some industrial plants may still spray painting, its sponsors have met have it in their unrevised formulas with the same obstacles to progress or in special formulae for a definite' and improvement in practices that purpose, or may purchase it as a re have attended the introduction of ducing agent. If used, the manage many other mechanical and labor-sav ing devices. - __ Fortunately this opposition has served only a useful purpose and has not delayed the employment of an economical process. I would not. of course, have von believe that there are not proper safeguards and safe practices that must he observed, and which, from the inherent nature of the materials, are obvious. These hazards exist in some form and de gree irrespective of the methods used, and have been recognized for ages as incident to the painting trade. The DeVllbiss Company, St. Louis, Mo. (Abstract of an address before the Madison County Safety Council.) ment must, in ease of alleged injury, be fully prepared to meet a burden of criticism, unless recommended .safeguards have been provided. The consensus is that if benzol appears in excess of one per cent by volume, there should he adequate exhaust ven An automobile refinishing spray booth. tilation (air velocity of not less than 90 lineal feet per minute averaged., _or chipping off old paint; (it burn over the frontal area of the spray ing off old paint; to i inhaling dust booth, if a cabinet booth is used, as from dirty working clothes or dirty determined by a vane anemometer, a drop-eloths; (ID carrying lead paint kata-thermometer, or other fairly ac into the mouth from unwashed hands curate test), or if less velocity is pro while eating or while handling to vided the sprayer should be supplied bacco. with a fume .control respirator. The data of every dependable Either the positive fresh air type study of the spray painting process of respirator, which is connected to have shown that there is an industrial the spray gun, or the chemical can hazard of the first importance in ister type is deemed sufficient for this spraying materials containing appre purpose. With proper equipment ciable amounts of lead (say over 2 and observance of these safeguards per cent by volume) without an ef the cause of injury is removed and ficient air exhaust system. For this complete defense is provided against purpose, an efficient spray booth, hav any charge of negligence in manage ing an air velocity of not less than ment. 90 lineal feet per minute averaged The second hazard is from expos over the frontal area of the booth (if ure to materials which contain lead. a cabinet booth is used) should be This ingredient has been used for so provided. If less air velocity exists, many centuries as a dependable paint or there is a visible mist in the breath component that its general character ing zone of the sprayer, the velocity istics, its usefulness, its effects upon should he increased. The sprayer should also be pro vided with an efficient type of filter respirator (and replacement filters) by the employer, to be maintained by the sprayer in good condition, and to be used whenever it is needful to >void breathing lead-ladened air. fere, as elsewhere, also, the sprayer should be instructed to so adjust the pressure on his spray gun that un necessary mist and a resulting health hazard wili be avoided. Benzol is not used as an ingredi ent in painting buildings or in open air spraying, and lead is seldom used on interior surfaces, having been dis placed by pigments of a harmless na ture. It is recommended, however, that every sprayer should be furnished with an efficient filter respirator, whether he has occasion to use it or not. In spraying interiors of build ings where the rooms are small or ventilation poor, a window-mounted or other efficient type of portable fan should be used to substantially exhaust any mist which may be cre ated by improper adjustment of the spray gun, or by other causes. In vitreous enameling processes, aside from the potential hazard from the use of lead without the recom mended safeguards, investigations have clearly established the chance of injury to health by the inhalation particles of silicious materials, ich may cause severe eases of sili cosis or fibrosis and tuberculosis. Here, as in the case of lead and l)rn/nl hazards, only an highly ilammahle character of the ma effective air exhaust terials used in industrial finishing system w i I 1 stilliee. processes today makes it imperative There should lie provid- that every safeguard and recognized el'ficient spray standard he adopted for the protec exhaust tion of personnel and property. capacity as will produce Ourin g the past dec;:tde when Ilk* an air velocity of not spray pi 'dress and use of quiek ( Iry- less than Shi lineal feet iug finis king materials were nial;inir per minute over the their w; i.v in indnst ry . some di sas- frontal area of the rrous aci iih'llt s inriirrei 1. in one i asc booth, if a cabinet booth resulting' in t lie loss of 22 lives. Xo is used. Keen a greater one knows in what exte Ill these a rri- velocity would be mure dents mi ght li ave bean a verted, hit 1 it desirable, but in no case is unlikely that such disasters could should it fall below DO occur today with the careful observ linetil feet because ol' ance of accepted standards of fire the peculiar character prevention and wise housekeeping in istics of this material connect inn with the spray operation.' and its residue. Further, Let me recommend for thoughtful every sprayer should be consideration and strict observance supplied with an effici by finishing department foremen and ent filter respirator and sprayers the regulations of the Na lie compelled to use it tional Board of Fire Underwriters while spraying. for paint spraying and spray booths. Although our experi These rules were prepared by the Na ence shows that these tional Lire Protection Association's are the only three health hazards committee on manufacturing risks incident to spray painting, it must and special hazards, composed largely not be taken for granted that of representatives of industry, manu there are not other potential health facturers of surface coating materi hazards in industrial finishing. The als. and of spray equipment, also paint and varnish industry is a sci engineers and experts of both the entifically progressive industry. mutual and stock insurance com Their Institute of Research, and also panies. the laboratories of individual manu facturers. are constantly developing Six Reasonable Rules now raw materials and new formulae The rules are generally regarded or products: the late advancement in as fair, reasonable, and easily com the chemistry of synthetic ingredi plied with. Their strict observance ents is an illustration: and the only will unquestionably assure safety safe way for a plant management is from the usual fire hazards in connec to install modern and efficient safety tion with spray work. Let mi1 sum equipment. marize the elementary factors and Spray booths must be installed and recommendations pertinent to the equipped with adequate air exhaust subject. to control any present or potential health hazard, the exhaust must be 1. The process requires specially used while spraying is done, and the designed equipment to minimize the system must be maintained in good collection of residue or vapors: reli working order. If this is done there able spray equipment manufacturers should be no occasion for injury to with 'competent engineering talent, the health of any employee engaged who specialize in such matters, should in paint spraying, nor undue liability be consulted before installing any in a legal sense for damages, nor ex system. Spray booths of proper size, cessive insurance premiums--a phase design and location are invariably of industrial operation often neglect recommended to isolate and control ed but of high importance to every the operation. management. 2. Adequate exhaust ventilation Protection Against Fire suitable to the work is of prime im Now we must consider the fire haz ards, which every man will agree are of supreme importance to owners and management, the employee, insurance portance to dispose of any waste resi due or vapors, and the best assur ance of a satisfactory and efficient in stallation is to seek the advice of carriers and civic authorities. The (Please tarn to page 621 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Make Statistics Pay Their Way By HAWLEY S. SIMPSON! TATISTU.'S a re subject to vari S ous interpretations. dependimr TRAFFIC accident data can be valuable or useless, depending upon upon ili,. point of view. Obvi ously they should In* Used in some the method of compilation and the use made of the material way that will beneiii the public in proportion [o rlie cost of ilieir collec tion and analysis. I dislik'.; to think of the millions of dollars.which have been spent in the collection of public accident data in comparison with the infinitesimal amount of practical use to which they have been pur. This lias not been the case. L am fold, in industrial a<vidents. and perhaps this difference ac counts for flu' difference in the re sults obtained. I do nor intend ro imply that no use lias been made of accident data. If is impossible to compile such in formation without obtaining some value from it. Hut the information obtained has nor been used to the limit of its potentiality. For example. let me rite the ease of the accident investigation bureau of the police department of a la rite city which used to compile an elab orate accident report. The report consisted of twelve mimeographed sheets released shortly after the close of each month. In addition, a similar report was prepared semi-an nually. at tlie end of the ten-month period, and annually. The items tabulated in the report were, many and varied. Home were valuable, and some useless. Xo one in the department knew why the re port was prepared in this particular form. Neither was anyone able to say why it was necessary to prepare two separate reports. It had always been done that way and as far as anyone knew it would always con tinue to be. In addition to the reports, an ac cident spot map was kept on the wall of the office of the director, showing 'll ir was di.-manrleil and the infor mation de-froved by reimivimr the pins. *o rhai it would be available for posting the accidents of the fol lowing year. Xo location record of any kind was kept, the spot map beimr made up daily from the fatal acoidenis reported. There was no pos sible way of discovering from tile files wlmr types of accidents were oc curring at any intersection in the city. The only cross-indexing was by uame.s of the persons involved in the accidents, which wen1 kept in the blotter. Once the information w;is filed, it was. to all intents and pur poses. lost. Practically no use could be made of any of the detailed re ports. All that the department knew at the end of the month was that there hud been so many accidents of dif ferent types, and this information was furnished to newspapers and civic organizations for any use which they could make of it. Simplifying the Records It is needless to relate that eventu ally this condition was changed, but ir required about one year's hard work to convince the police officials that some other use could be made of the information which they were collecting. Finally, the Standard Accident Reporting System of the National Safety Council was adopted and the monthly report was con densed to a single page, containing all of the salient information which could he included upon a report of that kind. In addition, an accident ner in which the accident complexion .was changing in the city. Today, this department has a very excellent accident investigation de partment. and ha* at its finger tips all of the information which is neces-ary to a careful analysis of the situ ation which exists. The intersections in the city are periodically listed in the order of the severity of aceident hazard and a special corps of police officers, trained in the investigation of accidents, is assigned to a study of intersections at which there are more than the normal number of accidents. Three Uses for Statistics As I see the uses to which accident records may be put. there is a dis tinct division into three separate classifications. These are: 1. Personnel. 2. Education. :i. Preventive planning. Personnel deals with individuals, ineluding those activities ordinarily falling under the general heading of enforcement. The individual acci dent record is valuable to the enforc ing officer and to the judiciary in de termining what action should be taken with respect to particular per sons involved in accidents. Education deals with groups of persons. The mass information ob tained on accident records is very valuable in educating the public in safe driving and walking habits. It tells us the most prevalent causes of accidents and helps to determine how these types of accidents can be avoided. an elaborate classification of types of location file was begun and all acci On the other hand, preventive fatalities, by the use of colored pins. dent cards were cross-indexed by lo planning deals neither with indi The map had never been used in any cation rather than by persons in viduals nor with groups of persons manner, and promptly on December volved. The accident spot map was but with inanimate things--pave Research Engineer, American Electric Railway Association. Abstract of a paper presented before Community Safety Confer ence, New York City, March 27, 1931. revised and it was photographed at the end of each month, so that there was a continuing record of the man ments, regulations, traffic signals, signs, pavement markings, etc. It is this type of accident prevention in MAY, 1931 Ill) which T am particularly interested, other cases, a careful study hum be .liniiiiir an an-urale siiuly of the in- as it can he approached from tin* en sriven to the situation and different icr-avt inn. rhe traffic volumes l>\ gineering standpoint. It is also this methods may have to be tried before types of vehicles am! relative propor ,_^tvpe of preventive work which ha> the proper one is hit upon. tions of riirning movements, together heen neglected more titan the other two. If the majority of accidents occur at the minority of intersections, there exists a remarkable opportunity to improve the accident situation by concentrating the efforts of the en forcing officers and the traffic engi neering department upon these few locations in attempts to find out what is wrong and then apply the appro priate remedy. A few years ago much was made of "Safety Week" with its gruesome parade, exhibiting all the harrowing details of automobile aeeidents. But the irrim reaper went right oil with It is reaping, sometimes even taking an extra "whack." ignoring com pletely what should have been for liini a joyous vacation week. Bur what else could be expected: few bad gone to the seat of the trouble, with all physical features of the im mediate neighborhood. Plotting Collision Diagrams These features may he plotted on a .ollision diagram, such as is used by rite National Safety rounc.il in simi lar work. The method of building up a collision diagram is clearly ex plained in Public Safety Memo. No. :!.S. of rite National Safety Council, No Universal Remedy few had put their bands to practical published in April. IDilO. This data accident prevention work. often will be sufficient to indicate the It is at this type of intersection But gradually these idiots are be obvious remedy. Sometimees it will that the greatest social value will be ing revised and already the public be* necessary to make a further field returned per dollar of investment. authorities of some cities are using investigation and observe traffic con Fortunately, many city police depart modern accident prevention methods. ditions at different periods of the ments,. as well as state motor vehicle Many, however, are not. Tt is in day. This .should be done for short bureaus, have begun to realize this these latter cities that safety coun intervals, preferably on several dif fact and are already engaged in a cils and chambers of commerce have ferent days. classification of intersections by the severity of the accident hazard and are applying remedial measures. 1'p to the present, however, no one has a general system of remedies which can be applied uniformly to types of intersections which have similar ac cident characteristics: but I firmly believe that as this type of work is ore fully developed there will he emulated a standard code of reme dies. which can be applied to inter sections with almost unvarying as surance that the results will he sat isfactory. Onee a location record has been their biggest opportunity in the field of public safety. I can conceive of tt traffic engineering committee, or ganized by. and an integral part of. the local safety council which would materially add to the council's pres tige and he of immeasurable help to the duly constituted public authori ties in their activities. Such a com mittee should be representative of as many different interests as possible without making its size unwieldy. There should be. in addition a liberal admixture of public spirited citizens, lawyers, engineers and bankers: men trained in logical thinking. Often, when the accidents involve a large number of turning vehicles, I have found it advantageous to plot the exact , manner in which vehicles make the various turns. It may be found that many accidents result when drivers "cut the corner" in turning left. Where this occurs, traf fic beacons, marker buttons _and painted center lines have been found to be effective, in the order listed. Stop-street signs may have to be em ployed. although often properly ereefed slow signs are sufficient. By properly erected slow signs. I do not mean the ordinary type of painted begun, it is not long before the acei- " dent bureau has a complete knowl Those with an Axe to Grind metal plates, but a sign properly il luminated to give adequate visibility edge of what is happening at an in tersection. 'When it is found that the hazard at any one or a group of intersections is greater than the haz ard at other similar intersections, a careful analysis can be made of the types of accidents, the ways in which they have occurred, the times at But above all. don't be afraid of those who might have "an axe to grind." For their cooperation is es sential if results are to be obtained. These "interests" are: motor clubs, taxicab operators, street railway and bus men. steam railroad men, large fleet operators, public officials, and during all weather conditions. T believe that the observance of traffic signs is in direct proportion to the amount of money and care spent on their erection and maintenance. This is. doubtless, one of the reasons why electric stop-and-go traffic sig nals are so uniformly obeyed. Xo which they occurred and their rela tive seriousness, and it will almost always be found that there is a preva lence of certain types of accidents. others engaged in similar activities. Their experience in transportation problems will be invaluable. As a beginning, it would probably be best other traffic control device costs as much ds this and the motorist realizes that there must be some appreciable hazard or necessity for its use and Ordinarily, this does not occur by to secure a list of the most hazardous accordingly gives it appropriate ob chance. There must be some funda intersections in the city, arranged in servance. mental reason back of it. I am firmly order of number of aeeidents, or in It has been my experience that a convinced that there is no intersec order of the seriousness of accidents. great deal of interest will be evi tion which experiences an abnormal From these should be selected, first, a denced in accident prevention, work hazard, at which the condition can limited number which should he sub by business men who might be thought not be materially improved if the jected to intensive analysis. It will to have too many other interests to records are subjected to competent be necessary to obtain the individual give up any time to studies of such ysis. Sometimes the records will accident cards showing what has been matters. The encouraging thing about - -ncate immediately the obvious happening at the intersection. Then it is that one can begin to see, almost emedy which should be applied. In a field analysis should be made, in- immediately, the beneficial results. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS A Reward for Safe Driving By T. A. HORROCKS II F, .ready itii-i'.'ii'-r .if mulin' w AN AWARD for commercial drivers who T11ii*Ji Mi'i'iili'iii>. viriimlly unbrok en 'ill'C the automobile replaced rhe hor-e ni our mreels anil high ways. probably is tin* moat pressing accident prevention problem today, can qualify with an accident-free year has been created by the National Safety Council organized groups in file motor ve (.'milinly ii is a most vital one for the hundreds of vehicle 11 vets making 11 p rlic Delivery Taxicab and Hits Section of the National Safety Conn ell. ('ousequoutly, with 192U record' showing a further rise of four per 1'i.uit in the motor vehiele accident rare, encout aging developments with in file imitur veliiele Held will hearten every supporter of the national safe ty movement. A decade nan. accidental deaths in the I'nited States were on rhe de crease. Then; was a steady decline from 1)0.11 f> fatalities in 11)17 to 76.+20 accidental deaths in 1922. This recession was deceptive. The nation was not prepared for tire big increase to 84.528 deaths that came in 1923, sparring .Mr. Hoover, then Secretary of Commerce, to call the First Na tional Conference on Street and Highway Safety early in 1924. The National Safety Council, how ever. had begun to realize the tragic role (lie automobile was to play in rhe narion;il accident drama.. By 1922. motor vehicle deaths had climbed to 15.226--nearly half their present total. Millions of vehicles were being built. Registrations were soaring. And the National Safety Council called together its veliiele op erating members that year with the result that a fleet group was formed, the industrial division known today as our Delivery. Taxicab and Bus Section, uniting not only the taxi cab. bus and trucking companies, but the huge utility and petroleum fleets; the merchandising groups such as ice and dairy, the mercantile fleets of laundries and department stores, and others. The success of- the national indus trial safety program, which lias steadily decreased the annual indus trial accidental death toll, argued then that the answer to the question. "How can the drivers of the nation hicle field. Such a program was therefore laid-down. What has been the result The accompanying chart, drawn from the experience of nearly onequarter of the I'nited States, shows the trend of motor vehicle fatalities for three years. 1927-1920. The num ber of privately operated automobiles involved in accident fatalities int;rc<i.ie<J 27 per ceiif. the chart tells us. In contrast for the same period, a iltcrcn.it of 19.2 per cent was shown for commercial'vehicles. Trucks en joyed a 14 per cent reduction,- buses, 19 per cent: and taxicabs, 23 per cent. It is immediately apparent that the private driver is the chief of fender. yet the nation's commercial fleets are still pioneering in safety. A minority--25 per cent would be a good guess--is participating in our Delivery, Taxicab and Bus Section. This miuority. ranging in fleet size from a dozen to several thousand ve Secretary, Minnesota Truck Owners'.. As sociation: (.Jeneral Chairman, Delivery. Taxirah anti Dus Section, National .Safety Council. be educated, to a higher safety con sciousness?" lav in first reaching the hicles, is exerting an exemplary lead ership. Examples are numerous. Twenty-five drivers of the Western PRIVATE PASSENGER CARS AND COMMERCIAL VEHICLES Electric Company. Chicago, traveled a total of 185.800 miles with only a INVOLVED IN FATAL ACCIDENTS--1927 to 1930 INCLUSIVE broken window to mar an otherwise perfect record. John R. Maloney, a driver for the West Lynn Works of the General Electric Company, has not had an accident during bis 25 years of service with that company. Greyhound Bus drivers recently achieved an average of 60,000 bus miles per accident. The Timken-De- troit Axle Company's twelve-truck fleet has just completed two accident- free years. Recent consideration of these and similar accomplishments, in deciding ways and means to obtain greater safety on the streets and highways, proved conclusively that fleet safety is obtainable. Two necessary next 1927 1926 1929 1930 steps were seen: MAY, 1931 Men Must See Well to Work Well O ACCIDENT it> more clN- By G. M. BRIGGS N asi rous to ilie worker tlmu tli** loss of sight. Xor is any more costly to tlie employer and to society. * VISUAL acuity is necessary for the efficient performance of daily duties and the eye must be New York State in 1929 paid out as compensation for eye injuries, a total protected against strain and accidental injury of 1;L703.23r>. Tn Pennsylvania fi,S42 eyes were destroyed in the period 1919 to 1929. and the compensation bill for eye accidents in 1923 alone amounted to -11880.399. The subject of eye conservation, therefore, was one of the gravest dis cussed before both the 18th and 19th annual congresses of the National Safety Council. Industrial manage ment is meeting the problem by two fundamental activities. shop. Among the many i-ninpanics where ii is carried on with success arc the Western Electric Company. Chicago, the various units of flic Chicniro Rapid Transit Company, the A. O. Smith Corporation. Milwaukee, the Dili & Collins Company. Phila delphia, and The Yollrath Company. Sheboygan, Wis.. these employee groups ranging from 40.000 down to 300. The periodic examination Approximately 2U per cent of men 20 years of age have defective vision, and there is a slow rise in occurrence of defective vision up to 23 years. From age 23 to 30 there is a rapid rise, at rbe latter age there being 30 per cent of persons whose vision is defective but usually corrected. In one foundry employing 3,000 men, 85 men were found whose vision in one or both eyes was 50 per cent 1. Physical examination of applicants for employment, and their periodic re-examination. 2. Provision of adequate safeguards and protective clothing. continues the high standard of physical fitness established through the entrance examination and, if necessary, points the way to action for the recovery of health. Recent or less. Where possible, manage ment secs that the necessary steps are taken, to correct the deficient eye sight, or transfers the employee to employment where his failing sight Physical examination, so far as the surveys of a largo section of indus entails a minimum of hazard. Man new employee is concerned, is a try show that seven times as many agement litis been singularly success simple matter. For many years it days arc lost by workers through ful in convincing the employee that has been, insisted upon in the selec ill health as through accidents. periodic re-examination is funda tion of labor in extra-hazardous oc cupations, as well as on railways and in other trades, where keenness of sight is obligatory. But management now realizes that rigorous examina tion of all applicants for employment is advisable, both from the humani tarian, the efficient and the economic points of view. It prevents employment in a dan gerous environment of the man with defective vision, and enables man agement to place him where he can be both safe and most highly produc tive. It helps to discover positive and often incipient physical ailments which might well incapacitate the employee, and provides him with knowledge on which to move for their correction. It enables manage ment to bar from its workshops that dangerous percentage afflicted with communicable disease whose pres ence would be hazardous to their fel low workers. The periodic re-examination goes another long step forward in the eF Eyesight Inventories mentally in his own interest as well as that of the company. One of the striking evidences of the value of the physical examination is afforded by the now common eyesight survey. Management is now eon- vinced that men must see well in order to work well. This is attained not alone by the furnishing of ade While industry has made many successful efforts in the elimination of eye hazards in its shops, it is still necessary to make wide use of pro tective goggles. All industrial safety organizations have adopted them, in quate and scientific lighting arrange ments, but by a testing of the indi a greater or less degree. Some plants provide goggles only for employees vidual worker's eyes to see that he possesses the acuity of vision to per form his duties well. working at the grinding wheel, the boring machine, or similar employ ment where there is constant danger from flying particles or molten metal; In an eyesight survey conducted in others require continual use of the a large industry at Aurora, III., a goggle by practically every employee woodworker was found operating a in their shops, including the executive buzz saw who had only five per cent who makes an occasional trip through vision. He was a man well advanced the workplaces. An example of the in years and none knew better than latter is The Pullman Company, himself the grave danger he was in whose director of safety, Harry Guil- with every revolution of the saw, but bert, has spoken on the prevention he was afraid to betray bis condition of industrial eye injuries before many because he needed the job. Another ease was that of a tractor driver in a gatherings. Milwaukee plant who had a cataract The goggle is one of the' oldest in one eye and only 15 per cent vision types of protective devices. It has fort to preserve a .safe and efficient in the other. (Please turn to page 50j MAY, 1931  The Safety Exchange This department is a round table in print, presenting ideas that have I proved helpful. If you have developed a useful device or method, II send in a description, with sketch, blueprint or photograph, if possible | GUARD FOR THE HEAVY SHEAR BLADE This picture" shows the heavy shear* used in the Buffington plant of the Uni versal Portland Cement Company to cut the heads off of bolts and tear down dis carded bucket cuveyors. The screen is placed above the shears to prevent the sheared bolts from flying out and perhaps injuring nearby workers. Such accidents happened before the placing of the guard. The screen can be lifted to facilitate ad justment of the shears. TRAFFIC GATE BARS WAY UNDER HIGH TENSION WIRES Here is ;i simple* gate barring the path of locomotive cram's and warning of high tension wires in the yards of the United Engineers A- Constructors, Iue., Philadel phia. It is necessary for the operator to get off his crane and raise the gate before passing through. lie will also note the position of the erane boom and see that it is properly lowered to pass under the wires. When released, the gate drops into plaee again across the track. grooves which prevent it from slipping out of place. We are indebted to the Fire stone Tire and Rubber Company, Akron, 0., for the idea. FIRST AID BOOTH LOCATED IN THE PLANT YARD GROOVED KEY FULLER ADDS TO SAFETY OF JOB ILLUSTRATED CRANE SIGNALS ALWAYS AT HAND Signals ta. the, crane operator will not be misunderstood in this plant of the Belt Railway of Chicago. The sign is painted in large white letters on the crane cab and is illustrated with a picture of a hand, in each case making the required signal. The directions are brief and ex plicit. Here is a simple device that has con siderable merit from a safety standpoint and it represents an idea which will be welcomed by many machinists and repair men. It is tile ordinary wedge used to pull keys, only it is grooved with V-shaped In the Parlin, N. Y, plant of the Her cules Powder Company first aid equipment booths are located at convenient points abont the plant yard. The large booth shown here contains a stretcher, blankets and other equipment necessary for emer gency first aid work. The small booth houses a gas mask, which the man shown in the picture is inspecting. Both booths are painted red and are put in conspicu ous places so that they may be easily and quickly found in case of accident. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS BARREL HOOPS ARE HUNG HIGH FOR SAFETY Tt is obvious that if barrel hoops are allowed to remain on cargo piers while stevedores are attempting to perform their duties, many of the men might trip and sustain seven* injuries. The Eastern Steamship Lines have followed the prac tice of instructing their workmen to pick up all hoops and hang them upon pro- tion of moving the shovel. Too often, where an accident is least expected, there is where it eventually happens. DISPLAY OF SAFETY SHOES IS convincing SAFETY CABINET TELLS AN EFFECTIVE STORY This reminder that a careful man with a mind trained to safe practices is the host possible device to prevent accidents is located in the Western plant of the Fisk Rubber Company. It is a neatly built cabinet, closed by double doers, on the outside of which is painted the sug gestion: "Open these doors and see the best safety device known.-' Inside is a full length mirror. jeeting hooks or sticks that have been fastened conveniently to the pier side. The sticks are placed high enough so that the lowest point of the hoop will clear the heads of the men. GEAR GUARDS NECESSARY IN OUT-OF-THE-WAY PLACES Adequate protection against the hazards nf revolving gears is one of the cardinal principles of safety organization at the plant of the Castile Mining Company, Ramsay, Mich. The accompanying illustra tion shows the main lower drive gear of a steam shovel completely enclosed with a sheet metal gear guard made of oneeighth-inch sheet iron. This prevents pos sible injury to pit-men during the opera- Many companies undertake to provide safety shoes at cost for their employees. Not infrequently, however, workers who have never worn these shoes gain the im pression that the shoes are of inferior quality or that the company 13 trying to make a profit. To overcome thi3 state of mind the General Steel Castings Corpora tion, Granite City, 111., made use of an exhibit board from which were suspended one pair of each of the various grades of safety shoes offered to the workers. This enabled the men to make a close examina tion of the shoes and sold them thoroughly on their value. DIP TANK HAS AN AUTOMATIC FIRE EXTINGUISHER MAY, 1931 A study of this illustration shows the detail of a dip tank with a seif-operating fire extinguishing device which has been developed by the Advance-Rumley Com pany, Laporte, Ind. The cover is hinged on the drying rack in such manner that it swings right over the top of the tank and can seal it, so to speak. The cover does not operate, however, until the heat from a fire or flash melts the fuse link which holds the cover in place near the ceiling. The device was tested by filling the tank half full of naphtha and setting fire to it. 32 Annual Congress Plans Begin are to he presented by the president of the Xational Safety Council. The four industrial seel ions in To Take Shape which contests are being held include the .Metals Section, the Paper and Pulp Section, the Petroleum Section, WO DECADES of oririinizi'tl quests by member i-iimpainei-. and in T<lent [n-cvonlidii work ill rile imllii'- dividuals. Note the accompanying trics. tlu' lidintK. i'iiiiI mi ilii* piiMi'' schedule for rates. ^triM'Is ami hitrhwiiys aiv In lie i-i1<`- All I he 24 industrial seerious of hrali'd in < 'hicngu next (h-tober. This the Council and the six other Indus Twentieth Annual ('onan.'ss of the trial Health. Industrial Xursing and N'aliniial Snfefy Coum-il. which will Public .Safety sections are busily en convene October 12 to lt> in Tim gaged in plotting their sectional pro Stevens Ilniel. is ro be an nutsfiind- grams. The admirable methods em imr world event. ployed during the last two years in Experieii'-e lias shown rlnir no. city enordinariiur these sessions so that draws sileli erowils to any "rear rnn- dales for various types of sessions ventinn as Cliieayn. This is partly will not conflict, are again being car due. at least, to natural causes, for ried out. Thus the sessions will be the windy city is so centrally located "staggered,'' both by daily periods that deleirnte.s can come from every and by days, allowing delegates of section of the country with moderate one industry to attend sessions of and the Public. Utilities Section. The contest being conducted by the Pub lic Safety Division among leading cities of the country, and sometimes .ailed the "Safest City Contest.'' will ttlso have a trophy banner to pre sent. Opportunity will also be given for the presentation of "The Paper Industry''' trophy to the outstanding (taper mill by Edward B. Fritz, pub lisher of that magazine. Aviation will again have its inter esting place in the program of the ('ongress. A series of sessions is be ing arranged for Thursday during the convention week, and national fig ures in aeronautics will he present. cost in money and time. But people other sections as desired. Tentative also like to come to Chicago. for a programs of many of the sections are multitude of reasons, and the big now in tlm hands of the coordinating safety conference of the year will committee. Russian Railroad Official Studies American Methods have many visitors - from European countries and even from Asia. Once more the entire congress will fake place in The Stevens, the largest The Electric Railway Section has earned the right to be called "The Early Bird" this year, since invita-. tions to two of its speakers have al O study the operating and main Ttenance systems of the Pennsyl vania Railroad, including safety or ganization, J. A. Ivanov, section hotel in the world. It is amply able ready been accepted. This just about superintendent of the October Rail to care for the 150 scheduled sessions sets the record for such acceptances road, Leningrad, Russia, recently in its large banquet and meeting six months in advance of the Con spent a considerable period in this rooms. A considerable portion of the gress. country. He worked as a mechanic hotel's 3,000 guest rooms will he re One of the departures from previ and laborer on a number of the di served for the delegates, and it is cen ous practice that will be noted with visions, getting an experience of trally located, near the "loop" and wide interest is the decision to pre conditions and American efficiency adjacent to many other hotels where sent the trophies awarded in the vari at first hand that it would have been the remainder of the 7.000 or more ous sectional safety contests of the impossible to acquire in any other visitors will readily find accommoda Council at the Annual Meeting of way. tions. Members on Monday morning, in He was particularly impressed Reservations of rooms are now be stead of during some sectional ses with the importance given to acci ing made through the business di sion as heretofore. There will be dent prevention, both by the officials vision of the Xational Safety Council, about 30 of these trophies, awarded of the railroad and the workers. In which is prepared to handle all re for outstanding safety work, and all an interview between T. H. Carrow, superintendent of safety on the Pennsylvania, and M. Ivanov, re CENTRALLY LOCATED CHICAGO HOTELS, WITH MINIMUM DAILY BATES cently published, the Russian official (Capacity of Each Hotel Is Indicated in Parentheses) Single Booms Double Booms Without With Without With Hotel Bath Bath Bath BSitli Atlantic, 316 S. Clark St. (750)................. . ............. $2.00 $2.50 $3.00 $4.50 Auditorium, 430 S. Michigan Ave. (500).. ............. 2.00 2.50 3.50 5.00 Bismarck, 175 W. Randolph St. (1000) .... ............. -2.50 3.50 4.00 5.00 Blackstone, Michigan and 7th St3. (700).. _______ 4.00 5.00 6.00 Congress, 500 S. Michigan Ave. (1500) .... ............. 2.00 3.00 5.00 8.00 Drake, 140 E. Walton Place (850).................. 5.00 6.00 Port Dearborn, La Salle & Yan Buren Sts. (10001 . 1.75 2.00 2.50 3.50 Great Northern, 237 S. Dearborn (500)... ............. 2.50 3.50 3.50 5.00 La Salle, La Salle & Madison Sts. (1800).. 2.50 5.00 Lorraine, 417 S. Wabash Ave. (250)........... ............. 1.50 2.00 3.00 3.50 Morrison, Clark & Madison Sts. (2000).... - 2.50 .... - 5.00 Palmer House, Monroe & State (2200)....... 4.00 6.00 Planters, 19 N. Clark St (300)................... ............. 2.00 2.50 3.00 4.50 Sherman, N. Clark & Randolph (1600) .... ............. 2.50 STEVENS, 8th & Michigan Ave. (5000)... - -.......... .. - 3.00 3.50 __ 4.00. 5.00 5.00 says that even the track workers were continually calling his atten tion to safety rules 'and warning him what to do and what-not to do to in sure his safety. All workers seemed to be familiar with these rules. He observed also that before beginning any job of importance the foreman took pains to instruct his men at length from the point of view of ac cident prevention. All of which, doubtless, impressed the visitor as most unusual, but quite worth emulating. The October Rail road takes its name from the month of the revolution. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 33 The improved M-S-A Self Rescuer Now Arranged in New Air-Tight Steel Case of Improved Design. Furnish es Emergency Protection against Carbon Monoxide and Smoke follow ing a Mine Explosion or during a Mine Fire. The Cost is So Small and the Protection So Great, No Underground Miner can afford to be without this Wonderful Little Rescuer. CARRIED ON BELT OR IN POCKET NOTE GOVERNMENT APPROVAL ON CASE On Display at American Minins Congress Exposition, Cincinnati, May 11-14 BOOTHNo^400 y^fine Safety ^^yjppliances Co. Braddock, Thomas and Meade Sts., Pittsburgh, Pa. // EVERYTHING FOR MINE AND INDUSTRIAL SAFETY" HAY, 1931 The Conference Method Promotes Safety By C. B. BOULET T1 ARK entering. it seems DIRECTED group discussion, the so-called conference Wto mo. a new stage in the method, is one of the most effective methods of training history of tile safety movement. I believe this stage will employees in the science of accident prevention he railed the period of edueation: and I also believe, just as firmly as did the exponents of previous stages.that at hist we have found the means of eulting down aeeidents to an irredueible minimum. 1 do not wisli to he misunder stood in my attitude toward earlier developments in aeeidenr prevention. Oeeasional liand-playimr and inspira tional methods art; valuable. Guards are essential. Protective equipment is vert- necessary. These all play an important, and definite part in the prevention of accidents. All have their psychological effect upon em ployees. All are natural develop ments in the history of the safety movement: but none of them, either singly or together, can possibly do the job of stopping aeeidents. Where safety work is stopped at the end of the week, and where the building of guards and the furnish ing of protective equipment by the management have been considered as sufficient, the reduction in accidents has been negligible and temporary. In many eases this investment by the management has not paid dividends, and the result too often has been a skepticism as to the value of organ ized accident prevention. The Human Element Paramount The difficulty, of course, was not in the policy of placing guards and of furnishing protection, but rather in the shortsightedness of management in failing to understand that the cause of accidents lies in the individ ual. Until we appreciate the fact that the^ human element in industry presents, not only the greatest pro duction problem, but also the great est accident. prevention problem, we Safety Department. Wisconsin Public Service Corporation. Milwaukee, Wisconsin. (Abstract of an address before the .Xinth Midwest Safety Conference, Chicago.) can make no further progress in redueing accident frequency. The question which arises, of course, is how are we to train our people.' The problem is not a simple one. It is difficult to find an instruc tor who is familiar with all phases of accident prevention and who also un derstands the details and hazards of each individual .job. It is likewise difficult to find a competent teacher who can transmit his thoughts and ideas to all classes of workers. These, workers have varying degrees of edu cation, many have had little or no schooling, large numbers may be for eign or transient labor, and they will also vary in age and' experience. Cer tainly ordinary school methods will not accomplish our object. I know how hard you have tried to get your employees to understand and cooperate with you in carrying out your safety programs. If I were to ask you how you do it. one of you might say: ` ` I issue orders and insist on obedience." To this I would be forced to answer; ''That is good as far as it goes, but that is not suf ficient. In ordering, you get acqui escence, not cooperation. It is impossi ble, through merely ordering, to get group participation, and it is also im possible to get quantitative results." A second person might say: "I in form my employees, tell them the why and wherefore of each rule." I would answer: ``Fine, but still not enough. You get assent only from part of your group, and those em ployees who disagree or do not un derstand have no chance to explain their position. In their individual minds, their opinion is still superior to anything you have told them. They are not sold on your program." Perhaps you might ask: "Should we then argue or debate these ques tions with our employees.1" And again. 1 would say: "So. for debate leads invariably to compromise. It tends to develop antagonism and the fighting attiude: rather than build up a spirit of cooperation, it is apt to kindle fires of opposition and discon tent." What, then, is the best method of individual training or group eduea tion ? Many Advantages Offered In my opinion, a directed discus sion of the problem at hand is the solution of the training of employees. Here we have at once a method that creates interest, stimulates thinking, develops cooperation, and inspires a common desire to discover the correct solution of each problem that is dis cussed. Group discussion, or the socalled conference method, is the most logical, means of teaching employees the science of accident prevention. Let us consider for a moment just how such a discussion might be car ried on. Suppose we assume that we have a group of either foremen or workmen of perhaps twenty. I will pick a familiar question, and after explaining to the group that I want them to help me develop the answer to my problem, I will put the question, like this: "What are some of the chief causes of accidents?" Now, it is conceivable that the group might get off on the wrong track and give me such answers as "falls, asphyxiation, automobiles, electricity," etc. These are not the type of causes I am interested in. and I must explain to the group that while these are perhaps specific causes of certain accidents, the thing that I am trying to get at is, the real under- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 1 <};> can't live together Firefoam forms a tough, smother FOAMITE protection is but one ing blanket over flames--even oil of a line of fire-fighting devices, all or gasoline flames. It cuts off the air of which are included in LaFrance --and the fire dies. and Foamite complete protective Only FOAMITE equipment pro service against fire. duces Firefoam. FOAMITE equip SEND FOR THE FACTS ment works fast. It is easy to This complete fire-protection ser handle. One of its chief advan vice covers everytype offire hazard. tages is that the operator can stand Without obligation it includes a far enough from the fire for safety thorough survey of your prop and still fight the fire effectively. erty by a trained fire-protection engineer, working under your su pervision, and written recommen dations as to equipment. It sees to correct installation of equipment, the thorough training of your men and periodical inspection, if desired. Your request for the facts puts you under no obligation. AMERICAN-LA FRANCE AND FOAMITE CORPORATION, DEPT. G39, ELMIRA, N. Y. Offices in all principal cities LA FRANCE*TMFOAMITE PROTECTION AN NC/NR/NC SRV(C AGAINST FIRE MAY, 1931 E DAVIS MAKES AVAILABLE FOR CAS PROTECTION THE PRODUCTS OF THE OUTSTANDING MANUFACTURERS OF ABSORBING MATERIAL ACTIVATED CARBON for Organic Vapors by NATIONAL CARBON CO. SODA LIME for Acid Gases by DEWEY & ALMY 650cc. Canister for ORGANIC VAPORS DAVIS SPECIALIZED PROTECTION TO SAFEGUARD AGAINST EACH INDUSTRIAL HAZARD PSiMnetMAMfl PMiitUHUIh kNtlpMwstifMrto SSaMfetltaya HOarlifwfafwtl SiMafteitaya PanaaMMtPfertatattfea Dcrfe (/oft Dr*wJftf OavHlMAKJtt DfaAJI-WaatftarlGH AOUaataflHSra*raAOMH Oaata lw<i|w Maitla Ahurtart Oaata fMmlw Pf>tc CAmhtMtoaaOfvCfrttitM * VSSfawUf-TtHt-lTiattpttarta* DavtiKefPa* Davit Ceuhtet Matk* Dart* Canteen Oe>tft Ait Ua# Matkt 0DeeW(* SBaadfar*felelifett* CC*tafrhfe tSahaaMterteHnama** Maiteten J.W Qm l<Mlcf*r tallaH* l*W< Rra Ueakaft O. E. HetM Cnea MlriM WM Cans JnMte Safety Ce* SMaafeffttyts(iSMafekty PTrM*aW SPaafrttyeMSaawPOfaaialxMn* Sarty Platter GaeM* Pwacfc PraH Oreto ODaarrtH* MMsrtf*S<traps DOOaatWvniti $TSsaaaUfrmPrCaafdHakrir S(aAaat Otabars 0>"PbWari Strap* a*M Pttaerat--iwafafetatefaAtM --4 Salary PretatiW* iaafa-Mi Utlanaak(afat*ta ICflatm OthaaMa aPMrCefetacMbrs Dark SafetySJtee* I Safe* lafftef* | Sato$*af MSSaaftetoA* HSiMlaataeaidtt*UMis SSaattoo PCaanttt*i Sato Afreet Oari* ,7raaMa;Mtr 2000cc. Canister far ORGANIC VAPORS AND ACID GASES 650cc. Canister for ACID GASES You will notice the approval of the U. S. Bureau of Mines on label of Canister OC-4 in center above. This canister contains the improved Davis absorbing material having maximum activity and capacity consistent with grain-hardness required to prevent channeling. DAVIS S CO., INC. And its Subsidiary B U L L A R D - D AVI S, INC. (OF DEL.) Chicago, III. 67 Wail Street New York City Houston, Tex. Western Representative . DAVIS EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT CO., LTD., 1268 MISSION ST., SAN FRANCISCO MAY, 1931 38 Making the Vehicle Operator Safety Conscious By G. A. ROGERS THE COMPANY which merits the support and cooperation of its drivers is pretty sure to get it -tranger whenever the occasion pre sented itself, and that is one of the reasons we have selected you to enter our employ. ivliV probably you will agree value a-- a "safe" driver. The physi Vthat if wi* could have our ileei cal examination -tresses eyes, ears, driver.-, entirely ".safety con lungs, heart, feel and hands. scious.'' this would .just about solvDeriving, in many organizations To "We know that you an* going to carry that same degree of courtesy into the streets when you take your truck out in the morning: we know that you are going to extend that the vital problem. But in pro-sup day. is hut one part of his job. and same courtesy all day long. posing this, I am assnmimr that the this probably accounts for our em "You have no right-of-way, if by fleets are always kept in first-class phasizing 'be element of courtesy. yielding it yon avoid an accident, or mechanical condition, and that man We prefer married men: here again perhaps save splashing a pedestrian agement is sincere in its efforts to re we may be guided by the fact that who happens to be standing at the duce accidents and in its delegation our drivers handle considerable sums curb, Remember that the average of authority to tiio.se held responsible of money and. although bonded, the pedestrian or other driver believes for attaining this goal. stability and responsibility of happy that the truck driver takes advantage It would appear that to make our married life should deeply influence of tiie size and weight of his vehicle drivers safety conscious, the solution their character. ' iu crowding the road: and we may as of the problem lies in three different directions: the selection of tin? driver, In the Classroom well admit that at times we have taken this advantage. But we are his training, and the stimulus to keep Let me assume, for a moment, that not going to do it any longer, that is him alert in every way during every you have been introduced to our a closed chapter iu our driving minute of his driving activities. Con school room, and that our instructor career. stant but intelligent pressure must be is talking to a group of new drivers, "Don't be a bully because you exerted. taking for his subject ``The Courte drive a big truck. Applicants for driving positions in ous Driver." lie will say: ' Remember that when you take our organization are subjected to a "You men are now all licensed any vehicle out upon the street with careful investigation, including per drivers and the fact that the state of your employer's name on it, you lose sonal calls on former employers, a Xew York has issued to you a driv your identity: you are_.no longer check-up of accident records, and a er's license should be considered merely yourself...you represent your road test on our own equipment. This somewhat as a compliment. Every employer. Everything--good or bad test is arranged on territory that calls for use of proper hand signals, left and right turns, parking on grades, and double clutching. We realize that a man is inclined to be nervous under test conditions, and one who applies for a chauffeur's li cense does not get it. It indicates that a man's character must be good and that you have no bad record be hind you. You owe it to yourself, your family, your employer, and the --that you do reflects to his credit or discredit. "Somebody has said that his idea of a pessimist is a driver that looks both ways on a one-way street. Don't you believe it. If every driver did as often we send him away if lie has failed and tell him to come back with in a few days for another test. We have in our employ several good driv ers who failed to qualify on a first test. , A visit to a man's home & desir able if it can be arranged without embarrassment. His borne environ ment should be a determining factor in. his employment. Certainly if he is Unhappy in his home life he may be . liability to his employer, for a divided mind does not enhance his Hoffman Beverage Company, New York City. (Abstract of an address before the Second Animal Greater New York Safety Conference.) public to see that at all times you justify this confidence. "If you abuse it. the privilege can and will be taken away from you by revocation of your license. "Government has found it neces sary for the protection of all to enact certain laws and regulations sur rounding operation of a motor vehi cle. There are certain things that you can do and stay barely within the law. but those same tilings are not necessarily the right things to do. You are inherently courteous: there is not a man here who would not extend a dozen courtesies to a lie should, there would be no acci dents. Accidents happen because some driver has not done what he should. The records are filled with accidents caused, or contributed to. by the driver who goes east in a west bound street 6r traffic lane, or vice .versa. "Drive as steadily as possible in one lane of traffic; don't cut in and out. If a pedestrian gets confused, don't add to his confusion by blowing your horn; STOP. "An accident is as dangerous for you as for anyone else. You will realize, too, that while you are being NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 39 THE ANSWERS TO PERPLEXING SAFETY PROBLEMS M-'RAI SAFI: PRACHUiS PAMPHI.,i:t s HEALTH PRACTICES SET (For Members Only) A complete file of the General Safe Practices Pamphlets, bound in a loose leaf binder and in dexed, may be pur AcrunUv Worth ^26.00 chased by members. nee Each purchaser re ceives automatically, a new pamphlet, as issued, thus keeping the set up-to-date. Prict' includes hinder Sec Health Practice- Pamphlet No. V *8. Con-tructmn of Machinery Guard-. 59 Warehouse* and Shipping Room-. 60 Chemical Laboratories 61. Mechanical Refrigeration. 61. Motion Pictures m Educational Work 6:V Storage Tank-* for Oil-. Acid- and Dry Material*. 6-0 Respirator*, Gar- Ma-k*, Ho-e Mar aud Breathing Apparatus 6*. Teaching Safety to New Employee-. 66. Pressure Vessels- -Fired and L'ntired (Part I) (Air Receiver- and Hot Water Tanks). 67. Maintaining Interest in Safety. 68, Pressure Vessel* (Part II). (Steam Jacketed Vcs<els. Digesters. Stills.) 69, Getting Safety Across to the Commer A series of Pamphlets which take the status of a reference "Handbook of In dustrial Health." They are produced at the rate of approximately six a year. Order a set for valuable refer ence, and as new 'rice S Pamphlets are issued they will be forwarded I'i ict* incfutles hinder to you. HEALTH PRACTICES PAMPHLETS 1. Chromium. 2. Physical Examination- m Industry. 3. Lead. a. Dust. 7. Health Sup- . i*ion in Imlu-tiy 6. Industrial Eve Hazard-. cial Driver. Carbon Monoxide. 1. Ladder*. Stairs and Stairwav*. Sate Practice? of Steam BoilerOverhead Traveling Cranes. Belt Shifters and Belt Shippers. 6, Knots, Bends. Hitches and Sling-. 7. Belts and Belt Guard-. 8, Shafting. Couplings, Pulleys. Gear-. Sprockets and Chains. 9. Engine Guarding and Engine Stop*. 10. Oiling Devices and Oiler-. 11. Floors and Flooring. 12. Scaffolds. n, Grinding Wheels. 14. Goggles. I?. Freight Elevators. 16. Protective Clothing. 17. Yards. 15. Power Presses. 19. Exits, Fire Alarms and Fire Drills. 7m. Maintenance and Repair Men. 8. Infected Wound*. 71. Safe Handling of Chlorine. 72. Safety Committees. 9. Ga*cs and Vapors. l'l. Skin Affections. 73. Safety in Foundries. 11. Nursing Service ip. indu-try. 74. Competition as an Aid in Promoting 12. Health Service Policies. Accident Prevention. 13. Physical Defects. Safety In.-pections. I J. Benzol. 76. Portable Electric Hand.Tool*. 77. Safety Meeting*. PRICE OF EXTRA COPIES of any sin 78. Mathematical Tables and Data. gle pamphlet shown on this page will he 79. Engineering, a Factor in Accident Pre supplied to members at the following rates: vention No. of Copies 80. SI. 83. 84. S5. Safety Rule*--Their Formulation and En forccment. Warning .Signs--Their L'sc and Main tenance. Caring for Injured Worker*. Training for First Aid. Safety Man in Industry. > Safe Practices in Forging and Hot 1 to L0..... 11 to 24.... 27 to 49..... 50 to 99.... 100 to 499.... 700 to 999.... 1.000 to 1,999.... 2.000 or more.... Per Copv - - ntr 20. Woodworking Machinery and Equip. 21. Industrial Accidents Statistics--How to 86. Metal Stamping. Industrial Accident Statistics--How to 91. Spray Coating. 92. See Pamphlet F-4. Collect and Tabulate Them. Analyze and Use Them. 93. Topics for Safety Meetings. Industrial Shop Lighting. Gas and Electric. Welding. 24. Fire Extinguishment. 37. Safety in Medium-Sized Plant. 88. Identification of Piping Systems. i 89. See Pamphlet CP-1. 94. State Safety Requirements in Industry. 97, Safe Practices in Handling Compressed Gases. 27, Acids and Caustics. ' 90. See Pamphlet PSfT-i. 96. Industrial Power Departments. 26. Manila and Wire Rope. 27. Drinking Water, Wash and Locker. PAMPHLETS FOR SPECIAL INDUSTRIES Rooms and Toilet Facilities. Check off the sectional pamphlets yon will want sent with general set 28. Commercial Explosives. 29. Electrical Equipment in Plants... 30. Trucks and Wheelbarrows. Industrial Ce-2. Safety in Hotels. Cem-t. Cement Rock Quarrying and Crushing.. Cem-4. . Safe Practices in Cement Mill Me-2. Blast Furnaces. Me-3. Safety in Structural and Sheet Metal Fabrication. Me-4. Rod Mills. 31. Fire Causes and Prevention. Shops. 32. Exhaust Systems. Chem-1. Pipe Lines and Tanks as Causes 3 3.. Hoisting Apparatus. of Accidents. 34. Industrial Explosion Hazards. Chem-2. Fume Poisoning from Nitric and 3 7. Conveyors. ! Mixed Acids. 36. Fire Brigades. Chem-3. Chemical Burns, Their Nature 37. Industrial Ventilation. and Treatment, 38. Safety Posters and Bulletin Boards. Chem-4. Safety in Rayon Manufacture. 39. Machine Shop Machinery. Con-l. Safe Practices on Construction 40. Suggestion Systems. Work. 41. Hand Tools. Con-2. Safety and Health in Tunnel and 42. Industrial Safety Organization. Caisson Work. 43. Passenger Elevators. CP-1. Safe Practices in Brick Making. 44. Skin Troubles from Cutting Oils and D-l. Non-Traffic Hazards of the Commer Emulsions. cial Driver. P6fT-I. Safety in Leather Tanneries. Pct-1. Safe Practices in Pulling Wells. Pet-2. Safety in Gasoline Service Station Operation. Pet-3. Safe Practices in Loading Tank Cars (Gasoline). Pet-4. Safe Practices in Handling and Lay ing Pipe. Pct-7. Safe Sales Truck Driving. (Also is sued in Spanish, fully illustrated.) Pet-6. Safe Practices in Cleaning Petro leum Stills. Pet-7. Safety for the Oil Field Pumper. Pet-8. Handling, Cleaning and Filling 47. Industrial Housekeeping. D-2. Selecting Drivers for Com. Vehicles. Drums and Barrels. 46. Fuel Handling, Storing and Firing. D-3. Training Drivers for Com. Vehicles. PP-1. Paper and Pulp Mills. 47. Compressed Air Machinery and Equip. F-l. Safety in Food Preserv. and Canning. PP-2. Safety in Paper Box Manufacturing. 48. Railroads in Industrial Plants. F-2. Safety in Candy, Chocolate and Co PS-1. Radio. 49. Equipment and Operation of Steam Boilers. 70. Practical Methods of Reducing Fatigue. 71. Planning an Industrial Safety Cam paign. coa Manufacture. F-3. Safety in Bakery Operations. F-4. Safety in Milk Bottling Plants. F-7. Safety in Macaroni Plants. L-l. Safety in Dry Cleaning and Dyeing PU-1. Protection of the Public. PU-2. Grounding Practices. PU-3. Testing Care and Use of Linemen's Rubber Protective Equipment. 72. Static Electricity. Establishments. Q. Safety Organization for Quarrying In 73. Checking Plans and Specifications for M-2. Mine Rescue Work. dustry. Safety. Mar-L. Hazards in Fumigating Ships. RR-1. Use of Motor, hand and push track 74. Handling Material (Hand and Truck), Mar-2. Safe Operation of Marine Boilers. cars. 77. Handling Material (Mech. Equip.). 76. Investigation of Accidents. Me-1. Cleaning and Finishing Rooms in Ru-l. Compounding Materials Used in the Foundries. Rubber Industry. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL, Inc., 20 No. Wacker Drive, Chicago, III. MAY, 1931 41 S."AFETY is little more than a slogan to the workman whose hands move in the shadows of the Twilight Zone*. Only the man who tries it knows the difficulty of combining safety and speed in dim working light which slows human reactions and camouflages hazards. Better lighting and increased safety advance side by side, and Westinghouse is again in the vanguard of progress with that most modern and efficient of industrial light ing units--the Glassteel Diffuser. Glassteel Diffusers emit a soft glareless light which hunts out the shadows and brings every object to the eye with out strain. Through them, speed, both of hand and eye, The Glassteel Diffuser. is combined with safety. Write to the nearest Westinghouse District Office for more information on Glassteel Diffusers--agents of safety, enemies of the dangerous Twilight Zone. *The deceptive half-light between obvious darkness and adequate illumination. Westinghouse Lighting Specialists will help you plan an effective lighting system T 31801 TUNE IN THE WESTINGHOUSE PROGRAM OVER KDKA, KYW, WBZ AND ASSOCIATED N. B. C. STATIONS SUNDAY EVENINGS. MAY, 1931 Mark* `TABLOID'BrtndFirst-Aid No. 7I4 (Pocket Kit) Reduced Facsimile Kit Measurements: 4x2}$ x% in. Box of 10 . . (min. 10) $ .70 Box of 100 . (min. 10) 6.50 Box of 6 . . (min. 20) .65 Box of 100 . (min. 20) 9.70 Subject to Trade Discounts Two Outstanding Items in TRADE MARK TABLOID-FIRST-AID INCLUDED in the handy dollar pocket kit are `Vaporole' Aromatic Ammonia ("for use as smelling salts"), and `Vaporole' Iodine, for cuts, abrasions, etc. These typical `Tabloid' First-Aid Products should be instantly available in every home and factory--safeguards in the many emer gencies that constantly threaten. mark1"' `TABLOID' First Aid No. 714 (Pocket Kit) Standard List of Contents 2--`Vaporole* Aromatic Ammonia 2--`Vaporole' Iodine 1--`Tabloid'Bandage Compress 2--`Tabloid' Adhesive Compress t-Tube of`Borofax'(Boric Acid. Ointment) I --Adhesive Plaster, U in. x 1 yd. t-- `Tabloid' Bandage (Open Wove, 2% in. x 3 yd.) I--Tube of`Carofax' Carton Oil Solidified, with 2% Phenol) 1--Direction Card Jjst 1Price $. .00 Subject to Trade Discounts BURROUGHS WELLCOME & CO. (U. S. A.) INC. 9 & 11 East Forty-first Street, NEW YORK Associated Houses: London Montreal Sydney cape town Bombay Shanghai Buenos Aires Milan "Keep your `Tabloid' FirstAid complete by maintaining a reserve supply of refills." r Burroughs Wellcome* Co. (U.S. A.IInc~"N-TN. . 9*11 East 4lst Street, New York, N. Y. I , Enclosed is One Dollar (il.OOl for new instruc- tive and educational Tabloid'First-Aid Manual. 1 : I M Name.. PENNIES FOR WINGS Day in and day out you take wings by talking over your telephone . . . with friends . . . the grocer . . . the doctor ... a relative hundreds of miles away . . . and every month you get a bill for this service. Perhaps a single call made during this period has been worth more to you in time, money or con venience than the whole amount of your bill. But the telephone company makes its charge -- not on any such basis -- but on what it costs to give the best possible service to its customers. The Bell System has voluntarily taken the posi tion that the telephone business is a public trust. Its policy is to give the best possible service at the least cost consistent with financial safety. The more telephone subscribers there are, the more valuable telephone service becomes to each subscriber. Unlike most other businesses, the tele phone industry does not enjoy reduced costs as the number of customers increases. On the contrary, the trend is upward. To offset this, the American Telephone and Telegraph Company takes advan tage of every scientific advance and aid to efficiency which can possibly reduce service costs--and these savings are used for the benefit of the subscriber. The twenty-four Associated Companies in the Bell System are pledged to this ideal ... to give constantly better telephone service at the lowest possible rates ... to reduce, by every means in their power, the number of pennies that you pay for wings. AMERICAN TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH COMPANY MAY, 1931 4(5 A Non-Technical Symposium for Physicians and Laymen Industrial Health Conducted by C. O. Sappington, M. D., Dr. P. H., Director Industrial Health Division, National Safety Council Air Conditions and Health Of increasing importance to the mining communities, according to The Colliii-;) Cuar'Han. is the occur A Recent Survey of International Literature rence of eases of sileo.sis in coal 'millers, investigations of shales in Editor's Xott---J Tnr'nrni.-iri:m fiivul.-ir exposed to exactly similar conditions Xu. fid?) ot' llic Bureau or' Miui's, issued February, libil. Dr. R. I!. Sayers. Ilio Chi*'!* Surgeon. has made a summary nr' recent international literature on the subject `Effect on Workers of Air Condition.'.'- An only a percentage are affected by dust. A large percentage of the men with so-called `'simple'' pneumono eoniosis have developed .so-called abstract nr' this material will appear on overt" tuberculosis, even when re this page in four installments: I. "Dusts." IT. ``Toxic or Xoxiuus Casus." Hi. "Ab normal Temperatures and Humidities." IV. `-Summary and Bibliography." moved -ro surroundings where it is most unlikely they would be reinfect ed by the tubercle bacillus. Further more. in most radiographs of so- I. Dusts called ''simple" pneumonoeoniosis. an area suspicious of either healed or HE control of dust and dust incipient tuberculosis can be recog Tdiseases has continued to be a nized. if a careful search is made for matter of considerable concern it. with most of the industrial companiesChapman believes that in some in of the world. This is indicated by dividuals, particles of silica are ab the following summary of reports, sorbed in the lungs without giving which have been published in a num rise to silicosis, while in others, the ber of foreign countries, as well as in particles are not absorbed but give the United States. rise to inflammatory areas starting silicosis. This leads him to believe Australia. The report of the that the inflammatory process occurs Workers' Compensation Commission in persons who are already the sub provides information in regard to ject of tuberculous inflammation. A 1,300 of "the 1,500 workmen examined further essential difference is found up to August 23. 1929. In substance, in the fact that early tuberculosis this gives the number of men exposed tends to attack the apices of the in different dusty trades, who con lungs, this portion tending to be the tracted tuberculosis, silicosis, and last attacked by silicotic inflamma both diseases. In most instances the tion. period of exposure was also noted. England. Bridge gives credit to The Broken Hill experience is Collis in originally drawing attention rather unusual; during the period of to the effects of the inhalation of oc the last eight years, the appearance cupational dust containing free silica, of the first ease of pneumonoeoniosis but states that even he did not visu is still awaited. alize the widespread nature of the George who reports this above ex industries in which free-silica-eonperience feels that two factors oper taining dust occurs. ate in the development of pneumono Few if any. dusts occur in industry eoniosis in a miner. He maintains that will not produce, at least in cer that there is a tuberculous element in tain individuals, an inflammatory ry case of dust disease, even in condition of the skin; the economic , called "simple'' pneumonoconioses results from this, however, are as and supports this idea hv calling at nothing compared with cancer of the the vicinity of coal seams and the quantity and nature ot dust sus pended in flic air in underground place's where drilling i.s carried out. will probably be shortly undertaken by Birmingham University. Tin Lmifft emphasizes the differ ence in tiie fibroid reaction resulting from exposure to asbestos dust and tiiat to silica dust as encountered in gold mines. The former shows in the radiogram, fine basal mottling and linear striae, whereas the latter shows scattered dense rounded opacities. According to Professor Matthew Stewart. a characteristic finding is the so-called "asbe.stosis" bodies in the sputum of workers suffering from the disease. France. The only item of inter est in tills country is the issuance of a decree by the French Ministry of Labor in November, 1929. which obliges doctors to make notification of pulmonary affections caused by dusts of silica, lime, clay, or coal. Tiie object of this is to obtain infor mation as to the incidence of this type of difficulties. Feil believes that the decree should be modified to require notification of silicosis only. Germany. In general, German in vestigators consider occupational dust the most important subject of indus trial hygiene and that dust stands in first place as a cause of occupational disease. Jdtten-Munster summarizes the in vestigation carried out by the Gov ernment Research Division of the In stitute of Hygiene. University of Munster, Bochum. Germany, in stat ing that the severest experimental tention to the fact that of many men skin produced by dust. (Please turn to page 76) NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS  It, t m_ _ _ m_ m_ (SUCH AS DERMATITIS) CAUSE GREAT SUFFERING TO WORKERS AND SERIOUS LOSS TO THE MANAGEMENT WESCOL THE SPECIFIC GERMICIDE IS CONTROLLING THIS PROBLEM PLANT PHYSICIANS AND SAFETY ENGINEERS TESTIFY TO THE MERITS OF WESCOL INSURANCE COMPANIES HAVE REDUCED COMPENSATION CLAIMS BY ADVISING THE USE OF WESCOL CAN YOU AFFORD TO IGNORE THESE RESULTS IF YOU HAVE INFECTIONS IN YOUR PLANT Send for booklet "Wescol--A Practical Germicide for use in Industrial Plants," referring to thispublication MAY, 1931 WEST DISINFECTING COMPANY 16 Barn Street, Long Island City, New York Branch Offices in 42 Principal Cities 18 Get Ready for the Thirsty Season * SUMMER days bring thirst, discomfort and reduced efficiency. Plenty of pure, cool drinking water is one of the best remedies AT HR comprises r h l- o c - Wesley, the founder of the Methodisr Wfourths of the earth's sur Church, was somewhat of a physician face: it also forms it large as well as a theologian. hi 1747 lie percentage of the human bodyp. ubTlhisehed a book. 'Primitive Phy- loss of the waiter content of the body sic-k. " which indicated an extensive through elimination and evaporation knowledge of the value of water for requires frequent replacement. Low both internal and external use. water in either a boiler or a body is The dangers of impure water were rite forerunner of trouble. known to the ancients. Herodotus Thirst is the water-stage for rite mentions that Cyrus the Great, king ered safe, its far as harmful bacteria arc concerned, but it can frequently be improved by filtering. On isolated operations, such as mining, construc tion and lumbering where municipal safeguards are lacking, companies must assume the responsibility. Water of doubtful purity can be made safe by boiling or by the use of chlorinated lime. body. Hut unfortunately when drink ing water is not readily available the signal has to become very emphatic of Persia, carried boiled water with him on his military expeditions. This sterilized water was carried in silver The manufacturing plant, however, is seldom confronted witii this diffi culty. Here the problem is to make ro induce one to make the effort to vessels on four-wheeled wagons. There the water accessible and palatable. A get <t drink. As a result there is a is a later record that Aristotle ad sufficient number of fountains is im tendency to drink too much at one vised Alexander to boil the water he portant in making sure that men rime, but the total intake will be in took with him on desert marches. The drink enough, and it also means sav sufficient. ancients may have had a very imper ing considerable time. Few of us regard water as a medi fect knowledge of bacteria but they An example is reported from a cine. but it is perhaps the most an realized the importance of safe drink foundry. It was noted that workmen cient of all remedial agents. It adapts ing water. were trespassing across the pouring itself to so wide a variety of patho Public health measures have prac door to reach the drinking fountain logical conditions that it is more tically eliminated the dangers of ex on the far side of the room, although nearly a panacea than any other tensive water-borne epidemics, and there was a fountain on the near side. remedy. Ancient Egyptians. Greeks. the purity of the water supply is Investigation showed that the water Persians and Hindus all used Water seldom an industrial problem. Water in the fountain on the near side was in the treatment of disease.John from the city mains may be consid too warm, because the pipe ran very close to one of.the cupolas. It was suggested that the water be left run COOLED WATEE REQUIREMENTS (The D. A. Ebinger Sanitary Manufacturing Company) ning and this remedied the situation. This change removed the hazard of Class of Users Proper Temp, of Cooled Water E Amount of Water Consumed and Wasted men crossing the pouring floor and it also saved considerable time. Letting water run is, of course, the 1. Office Building: Regular Employees Transients* 50 1/8 gal. per hr. per person 1 gal. per hr. per ea. 250 people simplest method of keeping it cool. Whether or not it is an economical method depends upon local condi 2. Light Mfg. 3. Heavy Mfg. 4. Restaurant (table service i 5. Cafeteria 6. Hotels 7. Theaters 8. Retail Stores 9. Schools in. Hospitals 50 to 55 50 to 55 45 to 50 45 to 503 50 50 50 50 to 55 9 45 to 50 per day 1/5 gal. per hr. per person 1/4 gal. per hr. per person 1/10 gal. per person served 1/12 gal. per person served 1/8 gal. per hr. per room; maxi mum, iy2 gals, per day One gal. per hr. for each 75 seats One gal. per hr. for each 100 cus tomers per hr. 1/8 gal. per hr. per student 1/12 gal. per hr. per bed, plus 1/8 gal. per hr. per attendant tions. In some localities the water bill may exceed the cost of operating coolers equipped for either ice or me chanical refrigeration. The most efficient system of water cooling is one with an individual cooler at each drinking water outlet. Piping the drinking water even a short distance from the cooler in volves considerable loss and a con sequent increase in the amount of re vTotal number of people entering and leaving office building per day over and above frigeration required. regular employees. The installation of coolers at all NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS How to be Safe/ --when Maintenance or Regular Jobs Go Above Ground Level The rule for climbing uelv is simple: Know the special hazards or each task. LNc equipment that overcomes the hazards. In "Gold Medal" Ladders anti Scaffolding Equipment dangers have been foreseen, and provided for in "safety design" and tested materials. "Gold Medal Junior" Safety Swinging Scaffold The first hazard eliminated by the "Gold Medal Junior" is that of manila rope, weakening imperceptibly from dry rot, fraying, rubbing or the bite of acid. Dan gerous hitches eliminated. Two galvanized steel-wire cables coil compactly on the drums of the "Gold Medal Junior" Scaf folding Machine. They are tested to a breaking strain between 3,000 and 6,000 pounds. Also discarded is the oldfashioned dangerous block and fall, replaced by the lightduty scaffolding machine mechanism. "Gold Medal" Safety Platform Ladder For jobs where the workers must stand and work over head with both hands five minutes or five hours. Square solid platform enclosed by side rails and the top which is also a handy tool rack. Selected ladder-grade stock, handsplit rungs reinforced . throughout with cadmium plated steel. Light and strong. Conformsto all ladder codes. `Gold MedalJunior SAFETY SWINGING SCAFFOLD "Gold Medal' SAFETY PLATFORM LADDER Listed as Standard by Underwriters' Laboratories "New UNDERWRITER" STEP LADDER A light weight heavy duty all-round step ladder, reinforced by cadmium plated, pressed steel knee braces. Special top construction for sta bility, supported by one- piece malleable castings (cadmium plated) bolted and fit ted over tops of rear legs to prevent split ting. The Patent Scaffolding Co. CHICAGOt 1550 Dayton St. BOSTON PHILADELPHIA ATLANTA L. I. CITY, N. Y.: 3821 Sherman St. SAN FRANCISCO PITTSBURGH ST. LOUIS DALLAS MAY, 1931 Write for Full Details. 'll) outlets, liouvwi', is imi iikv;iy> prac ticable. In such rases it may lio necessary to install a large cooler ami refrigerating unit in tlm liasrinimt. ' Snnli installations arc common in oflice buildings ami hotels, with outlets for drinking water on the. different lloors. Tin* fountain with tilted .jet and guard to prevent the lips rmiehimr the nozzle is now regarded as the standard. Water eannnt fall hack on tin* nozzle with this type of rquipmeiit. The temperature of the Witter is important from the standpoint of health. Much of the gastrn-infestinal difficulties are caused by drinking water that is too cold, particularly by persons who have heen working tinder great heat. Drinking water should not be cooled below 4-1 degrees F. For both office aiul factory workers 50 degrees is preferable. Water served with meals may be slightly cooler than that dis pensed at the drinking fountain. Oatmeal has frequently been added to drinking water, .sometimes with the idea that it lias some unusual health giving qualities. Particles of oatmeal in solution or in suspension give the beverage a slight food value nd refreshing qualities, but it has > value in warding off heat cramps. "`Adding salt to the drinking water is also recommended in many plants. The temperature of the water, how ever, is not the only factor to be con sidered. The general health of the in dividual influences his susceptibilityto cramps and other summer ad ded for employees, it mtist lj.e ad..... ertised. Posters at strategic points throughout the plant will help. r..im-te^y D. A. Kbmffcr Solitary Supply Co. Water cooler with mechanical re frigeration installed in railroad shop. The cuspidor may not he ornamental but it will help to prevent the use of the fountain bowl as a catch-all. menfs. The water may be only one of several contributing causes. The furnishing of drinking water also involves, housekeeping problems. Some ignorant or thoughtless em ployees have been observed to use the bowls of drinking fountains as cuspidors, and janitors frequently re move chewing gum and cigaret butts. All employees should be taught to do their part in keeping the fountains clean, and perhaps enforcement may be necessary at times. After the drinking water has been provided it may even be necessary to induce the employees to use it. Many of them have not acquired the habit of drinking sufficient water, and re minders in the form of posters and short articles in the employees' maga zine will also help. Xow is the time to cheek up on tin* facilities for providing drinking water that really refreshes. The thirsty season is just around the corner. Men Must See Well (Continued from page 29) evolved from a particularly heavy and cumbersome device, fitted with common window glass, into the light, face-fitting piece carrying flawless lenses of sufficient strength to with stand steel particles flying with the speed of a bullet. A common sight in almost any industrial plant is to find on the bulletin board a display sometimes of a dozen or more goggles, each of which shows by its cracked or partially shattered lenses that it has been instrumental in saving eyes. Pew proofs could be more .con vincing to ilie worker of the value m' bis sniggles. Management finds also that occasional objections to the gog gle on the score that it blurs because of -oveat or steam in certain opera tions. or I hat it causes headache, may rtadily be overcome, (toggles may now be bad with lenses ground to lii the vision requirements of almost any defective eye, .Sweat and other blur ring handicaps are met by simple de vices. In most industrial plants it Inis been found that firmness on the part of the management quickly solves the goggle problem. Tn some occupations a type of gog gle fitted with a fine wire screen lias been found a satisfactory substitute for the usual glass lens. In some plants also shields of plate glass have been placed before the clanger point on certain machines, this either sup plementing or taking the place of the individual worker's goggle. At the charging furnace and before the elec tric arc and in welding tin* employee wears a colored lens. By means of these devices, then, how many eyes have been saved in industry? Undoubtedly every plant has its eases: but it is difficult to arrive at any accurate estimate for the whole or for any period, because there are no complete reports. Nevertheless, a study conducted jointly by the National Safety Coun cil and the National Society for the Prevention of Blindness, covering 583 plants, showed that 7.411 men and women had been saved from complete loss of vision in one or both eyes dur ing 1926 and 1927. The survey embraced a total of 378.396 employees, and deductions were made through a series of ques tions to each plant covering how many employees had one or two gog gles shattered or pierced by flying metal while in use, how many had one or two lenses splattered by molten metal, and how many had one or two goggle Tenses pierced or shattered by flying tools or objects other than frag ments of metal It was assumed that an object which hit a goggle lens with such force as to pierce or shatter the lens would have so damaged the eye, if the goggles had not been worn, as to cause complete or nearly complete loss of vision. The estimated direct money losses averted in these eases comprise $18,000,000 in compensation saved to the 583 employers, and $10,000,000 in wages saved to the 7,411 employees. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 5! MAY, 1931 Vi? destruction out of fire extinguishing OU would not turn on the power to fix a short cir ycuited electric motor...nor would you double the load to cool a hot bearing. Is it logical, then, to lather a switchboard with chemicals or to pollute a dip tank of lacquer to put out a fire? The Lux Extinguisher is a cure for fire that never is worse than the disease. When you use Lux there is no spoilage from chemical action...no damage from water...no mess to clean up. Lux puts fire out by smothering it under a blanket of carbon dioxide gas. Carbon dioxide is non-poisonous, clean, dry and harmless to all materials. But by cutting off the oxygen supply, it kills flames instantly. Engineers in industrial plants have found that Lux Ex tinguishers not only give them protection against fire, but also against the losses usually caused by fire extinguishing. They have learned that fires put out with Lux cost less and delay production less. May we mail you a folder that gives complete infor mation about the Lux Extinguisher? Walter Kidde&Company.lnc. 140 CedarStreet NewTork DRY--'HARMLESS --CLEAN .. TV' 54 1 "mg -Ur. IJifc niitl .itilm 1!. (iilison. I'nrnicrly ilim-uiv of -afeiy am) licit 11li fur 1 he c<mij>;inand now <Ii rivliir of [ i ill 11 it-i! y ;il 1 law! Imnio. These mi'll w >`i'<" lender.. in a cottiinuniiy s.-ii'i-iy i-;iti11>nilin wliicli \va> I desi'i'ilicd in llio Bcecmber. Ill.'iO. issue of rlie .Vvriii.vu. S.\ri;rv Xcus-. Ollier safely it'd iviliis have Iiccii encour aged through neighboring p"sl> of tile i American Legion. i Hawthorne Works is ;m impressive | institution lint size alone does no! ac count for its greatness. Even more important are the eharaeler and spiril nf the worlcinsr force. Ir is a homo geneous group in spite of rile 47 nationalilies j'epresenled. There is lint j a single sign in a foreign language ! and there are no lines of racial cleav age. Here von will find three gener ations nt' the same family id work. And here are thousands of men am! women who appreciate accident pre vention work and have worked with supervisors and executives to make new safety records. What Is an Accident? t Continuer! from paya 14 ' My pliers haps these classifications, though un doubtedly open to improvement, do ill general correspond to the realities. KLEINS for Safety In the ease of an accident involv ing a sharp knife, the knife itself is the outstanding element because of its high inherent hazard. But in the Nowhere does safety play a more im ease of a fall from a building, the im portant part than in linemen's equip portant element -is the manner--the ment. Pliers, Belts, Safety-straps. fall from roof or ladder or scaffold: Climbers--all the tools a lineman uses the final means of the injury (the must be properly made of the finest 1 sidewalk or the ground which termin- materials--properly tested for the j ates the fall; is incidental. In the maximum of service and abuse. Line , automobile collision the essential fea- men everywhere have come to recog i ture is the motion of the automobile. nize the Klein trademark as the last . The eases troublesome to classify are word in tools and equipment. A I those where both the means and the national campaign to assist in selling i manner are important--for example, the idea of safety to linemen is being a man falling onto a high voltage conducted hy M. Klein & Sons. conductor. DgMtfwf^jhivughjobberSj It is evident from this analysis that there can be no statistical determina- Four'pamphlets of interest to you if you are a lineman or responsible for the safety of linemen. Check the ones you want - Q Satiny foe the Pole Climber Specificationaon Linemen's BeltaandSafetyStrapa The Safety Factor on Linemen's Leather Goods Pocket ToolGuide tipn_of the number of non-injury ac cidents in the United States each year, or the number of such accidents corresponding to each injury acci dent, for the reason that the former number depends entirely on how far down in the scale of hazards the ob server chooses to go. Each day every Mlidaji&iB TlW&Soas one of us experiences many things mra that "occur unexpectedly", from IfSrSmS'NT AVE., CHICAGO spilling- soup on the tablecloth to i-roj-.-ing I he stiver in mid-hhiek ami having Pi jump imr of llie way of an ;i 111 c ill] < il)i 11'. Iusi which and Inm tunny of these oeelll'l'i'llees -.hall lie called uear-ac. eideiils. which -.hall lie called unsafe practice.. and which shall be dis missed as minor happenings of on significance.' The answer depends on the judgim-m and viewpoint of tie- observer, li is certain, however, that for every injury-accident there arc many near-accidents, and that the prudent man will take the warning from rhe latter as well as from the former. The following definition.' then, i. suggested fur discussion: An acci dent is an occurrence, unintended and unexpected, which results or 21 within r< asonahlc probability miylil ham rislitlift, in personal in jury. The accidents which result in in jury can be counted, especially if based on a definite lower limit of severity, such as the familiar defini tion of a lost-time injury. The "ac cidents-' that might have resulted in injury cannot be counted exactly, though a competent observer can ar rive at minimum figures useful in preventive work. This definition contains no refer ence to property damage. Most acci dents cause some damage to property, but many do not. An occurrence which damages property only, with out reasonable likelihood of personal injury, is not an accident for pur poses of the safety movement. For example, to leave a pile of cement ex posed to the weather where it may he damaged by rain is a careless prac tice, but is not an accident. It is still, of course, perfectly possible by en gineering studies to. determine ap proximately the amounts of property damage that do. in fact, result from typical accidents. Early to Bed ANY an accident has had its ori M gin the night before. Possibly experience with employees who tried to catch up with their sleep on the job prompted this expression of opinion from a member of the National Safety Council: "We believe that the accident prob lem would solve itself if the North American continent could be put to bed at 10:00 p. m. " NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Provide This SUPERIOR PROTECTION Now! There is no protection that is too good for your workmen. Half way, uncertain protection is apt to be worse than none at all. Cesco Products meet both practical and scientific requirements for safe, comfortable and unobstructive head and eye protection. We will gladly recommend the correct type of protective equipment against specific hazards in your plant, without obligation on your part. FOR MEN WITH DEFECTIVE VISION Cesco M & L Goggles are designed to fit snugly over the workman's glasses--to provide complete protection and unhampered vision, and of course, prevent breakage and pitting of expensive prescrip tion lenses. These goggles may be fitted with Super-Safety lenses for chipping and similar operations, or with the proper shade of Cescoweld lenses for any welding job. Leading industrial firms have standardized on Cesco M & L Goggles. FOR PROTECTION AGAINST INJURIOUS VAPORS OR DUST Cesco Respirators No. 77 are designed for protection against in jurious and obnoxious vapors and gases. The cup is equipped with a detachable. soft rubber face piece. It is very comfortable and makes an air-tight seal on the face. All exhaled air is immediately released through a flutter valve. Various types of chemical cart ridges are available for specific requirements. The Cesco No. 76 Respirator, for protection against dust and fine particles, is the same as No. 77 but uses a wool felt or sponge filter in place of the chemical cartridge. Extra cartridges or filters may be had at a nominal cost. The Chicago Eye Shield Company manufactures a T complete line of devices for protection of head and eyes against all types of hazards. Let us help you select the correct equipment for your specific re- quirement. Your inquiry entails no obligation. > CHICAGO EYE--SHIELD COMPANY 2300 Warren Avenue Chicago, Illinois MAY, 1931 )i; The Safety Library tl Further information regarding publications listed here can be obtained from the National Safety Council Library HOLCOMB Safety Aprons vor General and Special Protection N THE complete line of Holcomb * Safety Apron*, there is an apron for every apron need. Asbestos, and heavy soft chrome leather, and fireproofed duck. The Holcomb Slit Apron, originally designed for welders* use, because of its extreme comfort and full protection, has rapidly become popular for general industrial work. All Holcomb Safety Aprons are equipped with adjustable fasteners. For special uses, or to meet unusual conditions, special chrome tan leather or steele&ther patches can be furnished. We make aprons in any size and style desired. We manufacture a complete line of safety clothing. . ,,TMvawir. VWrfte'Sbr the Holcomb Safety Garment 'Manual and new reduced price list. Sam ' ples .sent on 'approva,-,lv. iOLCQMB SAFETY GARMENT CO. Manufacturers lJ^^Jefferson St., Chicago, III. PHOTOGRAPHY ', -rmV:i.,.jI!'ii:,1. !': . i .d.. I* A>>}>:,*ii>.u"*mir-.r.. ..it:. MjMaiiir-k*-e.t PSrtimce*:. >.i. 1*:.tu- Tli.-i'.i is instructive informu(iun in this volutin- which would lie uf grout vahR' to ;my nor i itioreMi-d in tlu1 making of i plmtugrnplio for safety purposes. If covers o givol r:iiiji' of subjects, starting with o selection of (hi- host formula' for mixing chemicals iiui\'(`rsolly used hy tin' photographic profession. Then.' is a short article on the construction and layout of rhe modern dark room, also information regarding the development of plates and lilms. giving the action of different typos of developers, kinds of printing paper and the developing ami finishing of these. There is a section oji portrait lighting, proper kinds of lenses to use and the minimum amount of equipment necessary for producing good results. A number of articles in the book are written l>v well known men and all the information con tained in the volume is accurate and use ful. The data on exposures are especially useful. OTHER BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS Benzol: Benzol. Published by the National Safety Council, 2n X. Wacker Drive. Chi cago. III.. 1931. Price doe. (Health Pracvices Pamphlet No. 14. Button Industry: Manufacture of pearl buttons. Published by the. Retail Credit Company, Atlanta. Ha., April, 1831. .'Industry Report.) - Pamphlet.) Labor Legislation: Labor laws of the Commonwealth of Virginia, 1930. Published by the Depart ment of Labor and Industry, Richmond, Va., 1930. Free. (Pamphlet.) Construction Industry: (mldstim1. K. X.. Construction m-i-ident prevention, in California Safety New-,. March, 1931. p. 10. Fire Prevention and Protection: Lange, II. W,, Maintenance of hand lire extinguishers. In Laboratories' Data. March, 1931, p. 52-55. Tahisz, E. F.. IIow to extinguish a tire. In Laboratories' Data, March, 1931, p. 57-59. Gas Industry: Prevent gas main accidents by plan ning work. In Bureau of Safety, Safety Bulletin, March, 1931, p. 8-9. Mines and Mining: Borgeson, A. C., Accident prevention work on the Mesabi Range. In The Min ing Congress Journal, April, 1931, p. 201206. New Employees: Keefer, W. D., Helping the new em ployee to become a safe, efficient work man. In Pit and Quarry, April 8, 1931. p. 92. Public Utilities: Campbell, F- W.. Patrolling, inspection and maintenance of transmission systems. In Bureau of Safety, Safety Bulletin. March, 1931, p. 7-8. Gpngo, R. F., Safety activities assist in reducing accidents. In Gas Age-Record, March 21, 1931, p. 435. Traffic: Krams, S. C., Solving traffic problems liv vehicle-actuated control. In American City, April, 1931, p. 117-119. MoCIintoek, M., Relief of traffic con gestion by changes in business hours. In American City, March, 1931, p. 130-132. Welding: Botto, L. T., Protecting welders on heavily traveled streets. In Electric Traction, March, 1931, p. 137. Power Plants: Industrial power departments. Published by the National Safety Council, 20 X. Wacker Drive, Chicago, 111., 1931. Price 25c. (Safe Practices Pamphlet No. 96.) Rubber Industry: Compounding materials used in the rubber industry. Published by the Na tional Safety Council, 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago, III., 1931. Price 25c. (In dustrial Safety Series No. Ru-1.) (Pam phlet.) PERIODICAL ARTICLES ; Bakeries: Sappington, C. 0., The control of bakers' eczema. In Bakers' Helper, March 14, , 1931, p. 648, 650. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS PROTECTOSEAL Hazardous Liquids Protection For Every Purpose "FROM BENCH CAN TO STORAGE TANK" P ROTECTOSEALS protect containers by means of flame-proof baffle screens, similar to a miner's safety lamp. Leak-proof caps seal flammable vapors from escape, and avoid wastage. Over one hundred Protec- toseal operating cans and units are available for practically every need. PROTECTOSEAL BENCH CAN THE safe and efficient method of washing small parts, or moistening swabs and sponges. When screen disc is pushed down, fluid percolates through small perforations and washes parts on disc. A vertical coil spring pushes disc up from liquid after pressure is released. In case of ignition, fire goes out when oxygen in moisture is burned, since the spring holds screen above the liquid level. Made of 24 gauge terne plate, double seamed and soldered. Five sizes, ranging from 2 to 10 pounds in weight. PROTECTOSEAL SAFETY CAN THE most popular unit of the Protectoseal line. Ruggedly built for heavy duty and long wear. Heavy spout is protected by two flame baffle screens. Straining area ten times spout area, rendering can non-explosive even when cap is open. A special vent in the spout permits rapid filling without splashage. Spout cap is lined with thermo-leather to insure a leak-proof joint. Opened by a one-piece spring-controlled lever pull. Can is pro tected from damage by a !-inch cold rolled steel shock rim in the base. Available in 1 and 2 quarts, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 gallon sizes. PROTECTOSEAL FOR STORAGE TANKS A GREAT safety advance and time-saver over the usual screw-cap type. Venting and vacuum breaking accomplished by sensitive triple vacuum valves in the cap. The hinged cap makes rodding and sampling easy, and avoids vapor losses. Protectoseal double cylinder sectional flame baffle screens are attached to the cap seat in the head. Readily removable for inspection. Excessive pressures developed in the interior, in cases of outside fires, are relieved through the 6-inch Protectoseal head. Safety is insured against interior ignition when the cap is opened, by screens which extend to the bottom of the tank. Auxiliary vents are similarly protected. This Protectoseal model may be applied to man-hole covers in large tanks. Have you received your copy of "Safety Devices for Hazardous Liquids"? It is a valuable Are protection manual. Write for it. THE PROTECTOSEAL COMPANY 1920 South Western Avenue Chicago, Illinois REPRESENTATIVES American Safety Equipment Co., 4619 Woodward Ave., Detroit \\\ P. & R. S, Mara Co.. 404 \V. First St., Duluth. Minn. Fro tur lo-sc.t 1 Co.. Chamber of Commerce Bldg. Boston Calvin Supply Co., 713 E. Third St., Los Angeles Fink-Dumont-White, Inc., 270 Lafayette St., New York City M. F. Murdock Co., Akron, Ohio Percy Hermant. Ltd.. 21 Wilton Square. Toronto 2. Can. Protectoseal Co.. 24<U Chestnut St.. Philadelphia Protectoseal Co., Granite Bldg., Rochester, N. Y. Protectoseal Co.. 504 E. 4<Uh St. Indianapolis THE PBOTECTOSEAL CO., 1920 So. Western Ave., Chicago, III. Please send me your booklet, "Safety Devices for Hazardous Liquids.'' Address ...............................................................v...............................................-.............- . -- Company ............................ ............ .................................... .. r ... .............. .. -.4........... ................... Position MAY, 1931  NEW SAF-FAST LIQUID ADHESIVE Sanitary Saf-Fast is supplied in a tube and is absolutely sterile when applied to the bandage. No bacteria can contaminate liq uid adhesive in the tube. It dries smooth, keeps dean on the bandage and sheds the dirt that makes sticky adhesive un dean. Saves Time The contents of the tube can be applied direct to any width bandage. It will fasten any shape bandage anywhere. Sim ply spread the adhesive where you want it. It will soak thru 3 layers of bandage cloth, ce ment them firmly together and dry in 20 seconds. Will Not Deteriorate Saf-Fast will not harden in the tube, freeze or become af fected by climatic conditions. No matter how dirty the out side of the tube becomes, the contents are clean and ready to use. Oil, Water and Gasoline Proof Men can work in oil, gaso line or water and not be obliged to return constantly to the first aid station because their bandages have been loos ened. Write for a Sample ROBERT A. BERNHARD Mfg. Chemist 153 Anderson Avenue Rochester, New York ' Illuminated Highways Are Safer Ciml imini fn/iii jiinji 2n i flviv the difficulty ni` ili.'crriiing dark 'llo(-s if lie happen' to be walking objects nn a dark roadway 'ttrface. in the same direction. Against the llir -pecial hazards in podr-triau-. silhouette obstructions are seen as ob and oilier -audios wore made with structions in full size, a truck is a greater tliomuglmc" than ooiild Ic truck ami nor two points of light. done on a highway carrying hourly (rattle. These tesls prove ilnu a pedestrian The principle of lighting intensity is employed so that, if you encounter glaring headlights on the road, the elad in dark elorliiinr is not sttlTieienrly illuminated by automobile headlights lo allow him to walk safely on a dark surfaced highway. The pedestrian invariably fails to realize this: he believes that a bright headlight shining upon him makes him easily visible. Fader many con ditions he is seen with difficulty, often at the last moment and barely in time to avoid striking him. unless a portion of his clothing is white. His visibility depends largely upon the amount of reflected light from his clothing. Dark clothing absorbs all the light directed upon him from the headlight, and he is therefore almost invisible. Satisfactory results in the lighting of our experimental mile of highway were obtained by using two funda mental prineiples: first, the principle of silhouette lighting: and second, j an intensity that would make feasible i running with lowered or depressed ! headlight beams. The .silhouette principle is em ployed to reveal objects. If I hold my hand between yon and a window, von see the outline of my hand against the light. Qr if a man is lighting a eigaret. and lie is standing between yon and the flame, his figure is outlined clearly against the light, [n utilizing tills principle, it does not make any difference what the color, shape, or size of an object is: you see it sharply outlined and the light itself forms the source of the illumination. This utilizes the light along a comparatively narrow stretch to the highest degree of visibility. The principle of seeing by reflected light, on the contrary, requires a great deal more light, and the color of the object to be discerned plays an glare will he minimized. For ex ample. you have noticed many cars, during (he touring season, running with headlights on throughout the day. bur they do not bother you. even if they happen to he large lights. This is because during the day your eye is adjusted to a rela tively high average light intensity and everything around you is at this intensity. The beam from tilt1 head light is not in contrast wit it the average intensify in your field of vi sion: therefore your eye does not have to readjust itself to the intens ity of the headlight beam. At night, on the contrary, your eye is normally adjusted to a very low average intensity of light. The pupil is dilated when suddenly a light beam of high intensity strikes upon the retina, and the pupil instinctively contracts to adjust itself to the altnormal condition. Visible details are blotted out. This is an example of tire blinding effect of "glare". If the main highways were ade quately and scientifically lighted, the road would be clearly visible for great distances-. Everyone could drive with lowered or depressed beams. Powerful headlights would not lie necessary, and cases of glare, with its consequent blindness, would be eliminated. These, then, are the two funda mentals to bear in mind. They may seem, and they are, simple, but to meet them practically and satisfac torily has taken time and study. We have seen the practical and scientitifie way that tests and investigations are carried through. Let us look at the advantages to be derived from a well-lighted highway. important part. You see the object, 1. It would minimize headlight not by the light falling upon it, but glare, making it possible to drive by the light reflected from it. With with lowered or depressed beams; re silhouette lighting, the whole- object veal the presence of pedestrians or is seen. You are not dependent upon other objects in tite vehicle's path: getting a brief flash, perhaps, front illuminate the sides of tile road, and a man's faee. or a small part of his in other ways greatly increase the clothing, or possibly the soles of his factor of safety on the highway. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 50 Get ATTENTION to Your Safety Messages and other Bulletin Board Post ings EVERY DAY^ TcO get your employees up to the Bulletin Board every day to read your safety bulletins and other messages post something there every day that has personal interest for them,--something THEY WILL WANT TO SEE. Daily-changing news pictures of world events never fail to get attention to your complete bulletin board display. Elliott Bulletin Board News Pictures and other displays and services, have been successfully used.since 1911 by leading industries, mines, mills and utilities. SPECIAL OFFER OF TWO WEEKS' SUPPLY OF NEWS PICTURES FREE If your organization has fifty or more employees, we will gladly send you, without charge or obligation, a copy of each day's picture as released during the two weeks following receipt of your request. Just write us on your letter head. In this way you can actually test the attention getting value of news pic tures on your own bulletin board. Other descriptive literature sent without obligation, on your request, includes: Wall charts. 22" x 34"-- "How and Where to Cut Waste" and "Waste Which Foremen Can Prevent"Waste Elimination Course for Foremen"; 76-page book "Organizing a Plant for Waste Elimination", Descriptive Folder, "Elliott Industrial Bulletin Board Service"; "MANAGEMENT -- an information service for foremen, department heads and supervisors"; "The Elliott Suggestion Plan": "Results", "Evidence". .dcfress: Industrial Division : ELLIOTT SERVICE CO., Inc. 242 West 55th Street, New York City, N. Y. MAY, 1931 60 The "EBCO CIRCULAR WASH SINK Progress depends upon the efficiency of your workers. . Convenient, attractive facilities for maintaining personal cleanliness and physical comfort pay for them selves many times in better and more careful work. Grime and thirst are taken care of in an effi cient. sanitary way by the two EBCO fixtures pictured here. Write us for detailed information on their many features--including low ini tial cost. 2. It would show any holes and other obstacles in the roadway, which are now at least partially obscured and only noticed as shadows on ir regular road surfaces: in a light well directed from above these irregulari ties would lie shown in their correct perspective. 3. If would give additional com fort in night driving, which also makes for quicker physical reaction. (Tins is illustrated by the quicker nerve stimulus of a person respond ing to a pistol shot in a well-lighted room to similar reaction if flip same person lias been subjected to the strain of driving along a dark road.! 4. Highway lighting would spread traffic- more equally over the twentyfour hours, not confining it, as now. largely to the day. There would he greater incentive to do more trucking at night, repairs could he made more easily, tires changed, etc. Night speeds could be safely increased, both commercial and salesmen's automo . .biles using the road more at night, and many times saving a few hours which might mean an entire day in delivering and unloading merchan dise. 5. With the road lighting power lines, power would become more ac cessible to the farmer, an important item: for if the farmer expects to survive he must depend more and more upon electrcity to relieve him of manual labor, even as it is em ployed in factories and cities. yon project. Boulder City is six miles west of the Iloover dam site and the government is avoiding all the ob jectionable features of the old time construction camp. Adequate pro visions are being made for the health and comfort of the workers and their families. Tlie streets will be graded and oil surfaced. concrete curbs and side walks laid, and an ornamental street lighting system installed in the busi ness section. Landscaping will make the town attractive, and a swimming pool and playground will afford op portunities for recreation. The government buildings will in clude a town hall, a school, auditori um. and other structures necessary for a model town. Buildings will be in harmony as to design. In the resi dential blocks provision has been made for open plazas in the interiors to provide small parks and play ground facilities. Safe Departments Receive President's Trophies FIVE safety trophies were awarded by W. C. Higginbottom. general manager of the Western Region of the Pennsylvania Railroad, for out- The "EWO"..... WATER COOLER-EOUNTAIN Typical installation in the largest steel mills in the United States. THE D. A. EBINGER SANITARY MFG. CO. est Town Street Columbus, Ohio ............. Proper highway lighting is the so lution of some of the most vexing problems confronting those who are working for the safety of the high ways. Its advantages may be had at a relatively small cost. In the case of the experimental mile of roadway referred to. the whole annual cost in cluding installation, maintenance and current was less than three per cent standing accident prevention work by of the initial cost of the road. employees of the system on April 9. In other words, the annual cost of the highway lighting was less than one-thirtieth of the initial cost of the road. This is less than normal inter est on the original investment. Th.e trophies are bronze plaques, given by President W. W. Atterbury, of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Mr. Higginbottom (at the right in the picture) is presenting one of the awards to Superintendent H. A. Hob son, of the Logansport division. F. E. Strouse, special representative, Chi Model Town Planned for Boulder Dam Workers cago, who directs the safety work on the Western Region, is at the left. The Logansport division station de NEW City, which is expected to partment employees won their trophy Ahouse some 3,000 people, will by working throughout 1930 without come into existence during the coanreportable lost-time accident (three struction period of the Boulder Cadnays of absence due to injury). NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS A Friendly Guide In Developing Safe Workers Commoa accident hazards are brought to light in this 40 page booklet, "Shop Safety". We are told that it is not only particularly helpful to the new employee --but is very favorably received by old timers as well. Over 300,000 copies have been distributed. Most accidents can be avoided by proper application of the mind to the particular task confronting the individual. "Shop Safety" points out ways for making this application a simple and easy process. Price Schedule (English Edition) To Members Single copies, postpaid_______ ____________ ............................... $0.10 2 to 99 copies................ .......................... ................ .............. .08 100 to 499 copies________________________ ........ ............... . .07 700 to 999 copies______ _ ..... ................................. 06 1000 and over copies.................................. .... ..... ........ .......................... 07 To Non-Members $0.17 .12 .10J/2 .09 071/2 Additional charge for imprinting firm name and address on back cover page: ......... _.$4.00 Additional thousands, each................. ..... ...... --.................. 3.70 "Shop Safety" is also available in French and Spanish. Sample copy will be gladly sent on request. NATIONAL SAFETy COUNCIL 20 North Wacker Drive Chicago, Illinois MAY, 1931 62 A N ECONOMICAL chain is one that carries the load safely, over a %y\. period of years--a chain that endures. Our users find that economy is found in the performance and service of a chain, rather than in its pur chase price. The safety in Taylor Mesaba Chains is accounted tor by the materials used in their manufacture, superior workmanship, and rigid inspection of every link. Industry has been using them for 5 8 years. We have found during that time that the sole purpose of a chain is to carry the load with safety. More than half a century's experience is embodied in our chain catalog. It will be sent to you without obligation. Write for it--now! Spray Painting Made Safe ('onhiiiin] trum fulfil 24 - IIIom* wll(l-e immune experience, in ilu` wide variety of eoiulitinns to he met. best qualifies them In re '11111meml the proper type of equipment. i. Electrical inst;i|];irioii. motors, vapor-proof lights. wirintr. ete., should he in ueeordauee with tlu> standards defined in 1 he National t Eleetrieal Code, and maintained in | good eoiulit ion. .Motors should never he placed in booths or duets, and ex; liausf fans having non-sparking ! blades only should he used. : 4. Proper location of storage. I mixing and handling of spraying ma terials: and prevent the aeeumulatimt in or near the spray booth of finished stock or that to be finished. b. Prevent smoking, unapproved lights, open (lames, gas stoves, torch es. ete.. in or near spray booths or storage of mixing or drying rooms. 6. Cleanliness . and good house keeping are very important. The I regulations emphasize this as follows: "Fires.which occur in spray booths : result from four principal causes-- t a) broken electric, lamps and other . electrical defects; fbl cleaning in terior of booths, fans, and motors with highly flammable solvents: tv , accumulation of deposits in ducts and vent pipes resulting from neglect to clean them frequently and from poor design: (d! fans and motors of uii! approved design used for ventilating l the booth. ' ' S. G. Taylor Chain Co. P. O. Box 1297-F Hammond, Indiana fr'pii' GOOD BUSINESS The employees' safety and compensation insurance laws are fine humanitarian moves, but they are even better business. The best business of all, however, is to equip your presses with D & M AUTOMATIC PRESS GUARDS They are simple, inexpensive, sure. The operator is protected and the guard can not interfere with production. Send for details, giving full information regarding your press equipment; stating whether left to right or right to left swing is desired. TAYIOR-SHANTZ CO. 41* St. Paul St*, Rochester, N. Y. j Muzzling the Shaper ! (Continued from page 441 knife may be a trifle wider than the other, or the collar may be worn, or there may be a little dirt under the knife. Whatever it may be, do not go ahead until a natural setting has been secured, then tighten the spindle nut. 'The operator who tries "backing j up on a cut" or running material in the direction of rotation of the spin* die instead of against it, in order to i favor the grain, is taking a long chance. It should be insisted that such chances be avoided, j In going against the collar of a j shaper, of course, there is always an | element of danger present as a re sult of the frictional resistance set up by the collar revolving against the direction of stock travel. What makes this still more dangerous is the NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS (13 tendency of tlto operator to hold tin1 material too lightly against the collar, IJill I ill order to avoid unsightly collar 'hums. , However, this bugbear hits been overcome and shaper collars arc now IT ^5O.^NDEMmTiY BOND available which do not encourage the operator to take clnmees. because they offer no frictional resistance to the stock being run. This collar is really a ball hearing, the outer shell of the race of the bearing, and the inner collar being identical with the outer part of the hearing answering to the inside part of the collar. The inner part, of course, turns spindlewi.se at Guaranteed to TOE all times, but as soon its the material being fed engages - the collar, the outer rim of the collar stops, and INJURIES then rolls along with the stock, with- 1 out any resistance. Another notable safety feature which has lately been developed for TfT'HEN men want to make their ** future income secure, they let a good insurance policy safeguard use with the shaper is an automatic them. Now, \Vorking men can fol spindle guard which shields the re low the same procedure in protect volving spindles at all times except just as the cut is being made. Oper ated either by air or electricity, the stock approaches the spindle and presses a small button in the table. , and this automatically raises the guard until the cut is completed. ing themselves from lay-offs due to foot injuries, especially to toes. During the years in which Gardtoe shoes have been worn by thousands of men in all phases of industry, they have proven adequate protec tion so that the Chippewa Shoe Mfg. Co. is now able to go a step Aid in Clearing Roads of Unsafe Cars farther and offer, without extra cost, an accident indemnity policy with every pair, in case of toe injury to the wearer. Your em NSAFE motor vehicles number- y ployees should have this security. Tell them about Gardtoe U ing 350,000 were junked during j Shoes. An inquiry will bring full information. 1930, according to the National An- ; tomobile Chamber of Commerce The illustration shows the vital part of the foot--to which in which proposed the plan in which juries most frequently occur--protected by the patented Gardtoe 87 per cent of the country's produc feature. Not made of metal. Shoes are comfortable and long ing manufacturers are now enrolled. By this highway safety plan dealers are allowed from $20 to $25 for eaeli wearing. Chippewa Shoe Manufacturing Company car junked, the money coming from a fund built up in sums of $5 and CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIS. $10 from the manufacturer's sale price on each new car purchased. As a result of the great number of derelicts sent to the junk pile, to tal registrations of private cars in 1930 reached only 23,042,840, as against 23,121,589 in 1929, a net de crease of 78,749 units. Trucks, on the other hand, registered 3,480,939, showing an increase for 1930 of 101,085. This highway safety program re sulted from a general recognition by "he industry that the continued op- ation of antiquated vehicles consti tuted not only an unnecessary annoy ance but a serious menace to the safety of other highway users. MAY, 1931 Hunting Is Best j supervisor leaves tile driven crew far behind in safety and efficiency. Per- t 'uniiinii il from puijc 4-2 ; haps some of the romance of construej tion has departed with the supervisor i who ruled with the "mailed fist," but portant mechanical problems. We can ever they arc u eded. hut let us spend | dozens of terrible accidents have oc put up miles of sruaial rails, hui one more of our efforts on the human side curred where men used their ''nerve" inactive or disinterested foreman or when* the majority of our accidents ! instead of their brains. Several years one careless employee can soon ruin have their oriirin. ' ago a steel foreman, trying to the effect of all tlit* safety devices on earth. I'nderstand that I do not belittle .safety devices. In construction their use should he1 rigidlv enforced wher The day of the hard boiled "push" his crew to work on a cold pusher" is gone, lie has been out morning, walked out on a frost cov classed by the leader whose person ered beam. His fall proved that his ality inspires coulidence in his men. I bravery was ignorance, and the re The crew which likes to work for a fusal of the crew was prompted bv wisdom rather than cowardice. The ' 'modern construction field supervisor BE PREPARED! is a business man who realizes That his job is to handle men and not material. Clearness of orders and instruc tions is a big problem. Nicknames are often a cause of misunderstanding. An electric lineman was in the hos pital with a broken leg. When asked by the nurse how the accident oc curred, he said: "Jim served a down guy onto a jonny ball the wrong way. When the grunt took a strain on the boomer, the crock broke and back- slapped me." The nurse said she didn't understand. "Neither do I," replied the invalid; "Jim must have been crazy." To block an object or wheel to keep it from rolling is called chocking, trigging, checking or scotching by different trades. A foreman on g large dam project told an employee to "check" a car of coal that was standing on a steep grade. This em- i ployee misunderstood the order and, I rather than show his ignorance to his I superior, secured the car number. One-half hour later the air receiver- leaked out and the car rolled over the end log of the spur track and down a 75 foot embankment. Al though no one was hurt, the use of Tl/TODERNIZE your plant for safety. Now is the time to get the wrong word caused thousands of dollars damage. every department in readiness for production. Later on you may be too busy. Many people hope that some day someo.ne will be able to tell them exactly how to prevent accidents. If Harrington and King standardized parts can be assembled by any handy man in your shop. Your labor plus our guard such a Utopia were possible accidents would have been eliminated years ago. Aeeidents are the spectacular accessories will produce the best safety guard obtainable. results of mistakes and will continue until these human errors are elimi We will be glad to send you our booklet, "Machine and Belt Guards". nated. Stop 40 per cent of the mis takes on a job and your accident rec ord will improve by 30 per cent. n&ton However, there are a few specific mechanical problems that happen often enough to warrant mentioning. 45 Fillmore St. 114 Liberty St., New York Chicago, 111. Neatness, or gcod housekeeping, is the first. Production and operating men NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS know that neat plants an* almost al plants. Tile hunting i* best where well as the accepted methods of secur ways proliiable plants. Tin; same is the game is thickest and by hard ing the desired results, has been es "-'in' of oimstni.-rion project*. Obtain work and IOC per cent cooperation tablished by tin- DeVilbiss Company mry of yard mom." pilo material it is possible to prevent most aeei- al Toledo. O. Nn charge is made for -at trood order: the eontention that it dents. the instruction: hut students are ex- will be gone ni*xt week is a pot.r alibi. ..... ted to maintain themselves while Keep the job clean by piliim scrap ill the selnmil. The .-nurse occupies lumber and material in orderly piles. Keep irood walkways ami stairways. Establish School for Training from three to six days. The iirs| part ..f the course cover* the mechanical Do all of those thint's and besides re- for Spray Painters features of spray painting equip Adiicintr itecidetits. you will speed up the movement of men ami material to sue It an extent that you save far more than rhe eo<r of the trood house- : keeping. A near job lias no nail or SCHOOL for the training of ment: the seeond part, how to oper operators in the rare, operation ate equipment : and linally. actual and use of DeViibiss spray-paintingspray-painting, spray-linishitig. dec and spray-finishing equipment, aos rating or finishing work. tripping hazard. Recently on ;t large quarryinir op eration two men were erushed to death by rollinir roek. In vesUiration showed that these rooks, which wore Note in this worn sole and heel how wear keeps the cord ends bare making Gro-Cords permanen tig NON-SLIP squared to approximately three feet, had been plaoed in a rmitrh pile from which they wore transported by cable , way to the dam. l>y enlartrin.g the ; storage space each rock was set down in a free position where it could be handled without disturbin'? other rock. The accident hazard was elim- . inated and the efficiency of transpor- ; fafion was increased. I'se guard rails or safety belts in ) high places. The unprotected man ! -irking at a dangerous height is NON-SUP *ying the first law of nature when j TILL LAST DAYue uses his right arm for his own I safety and his left in work for his ! company. ! OF WEAR Have a trained first aid man on the 1 job. Insist in every safety meeting that ail small cuts and scratches have immediate first aid treatment Infec tion takes ;m amazing toll every year. I have been informed that the cement industry has had a very large number of accidents in the recon struction of their mills. The preven GRO-CORDS are REAL Safety Soles and Heels. They remain Non-Slip till last day of wear. Tire cords fused ON END in live rubber is the reason. The worn shoe illustrated shows how the cord ends are kept tion plan used with great suceess in exposed by wear, providing an astonishingly the companies with which I am asso ciated is: 1. Selection of employees, by proper sure footing throughout the entire life of the sole and heel. physical, mental and medical examina tion. 2. Training of employees, by short inter Suggest your workers co-operate to reduce accidents by wearing Gro-Cords. They'll esting safety meetings each week in which every job supervisor takes an ac tive part. willingly do so, for Gro-Cords wear far longer than other soles and heels besides giving the 3. Proper supervision, by leading instead of driving and by the elimination of all surest grip possible. misunderstanding as to orders. 4. Use of good construction methods, by which the physical hazards are reduced LIMA CORD SOLE AND HEEL CO. _________ Dept. 5-F * Lima, Ohio to a minimum. We in the construction industry not boast--our records are not aparable to those of the manufac turing or operating industry. How ever, we are not jealous of the safetypossibilities of permanent crews or JNpu^uccessfully Reducing Slipping Accidents in: Dairies Ice and Fuel Sca- Iron and Steel dons Foundries Packing Houses Railroad Shops Stone Quarries Auto Factories, Mines . Gas and Electric General Ware* Plants houses Fully protected by Patents NON-SLIP SOLES AND HEELS MAY, 1931 Not Only Taking the Freak Out CRAMPS of Frequency But All Other 111 Effects Of HEAT SICKNESS By JOHN RUSSELL, JR.; ONE ACCIDENT a year doesn't seem startling. But in a small plant it means a terrific frequency rate and ITH few exceptions. tin* aver Statistics show that the highest fre MUSCULAR Wage twelve year old hoy knows quencies obtain in small plants--those more about radio frequency than eIdms ploying less than one hundred dad. Similarly the safety engineemrsen. Personal contact with many FATIGUE of many companies have delved into such plants is enlightening. As an the term accident frequency and example a small plant with five em are preventable. have a hard time attempting to get ployees works a total of 10.000 man the subject thoroughly understood by hours a year. They are quite positive their superiors on the one hand and that, they have a low accident recont "D ECENT discoveries of American physicians have verified all that English investigators proved regard the field men on the other. since they have had but one lost time The term "frequency" in its many accident. But their frequency upon varying applications can be defined computation is shown to he 1<K). or as the figure that represents how . the equivalent of one hundred lost many occurrences of a similar nature rime accidents for every million man ing the cause and the cure ` there are in any certain time or space. hours worked. for all the train of conse : Analyzing this definition the occur- Insurance rate makers take cogni quences that follow hard ' rence to be considered for statistical zance of frequency rates. Any safety muscular exertion under purposes in accident prevention work engineer would he liable to lose his warm conditions. ; is the lost time injury. job if he could not better a frequency What of the time? There were rate of 100. Punishing cramps, dizziness, nausea, extreme fatigue, yield to "Fairway" Tablets of pure sodium chloride -- readily taken by the work men from the dispensing machine installed beside many and various arguments set forth in defense of this or that period of time. Some desired the week as a unit, some the working day, but neither of these took any cognizance of overtime. The whole tiling sim mered down to the consideration of every single hour or fraction of an There follows a table designed to show the serious changes in fre quency rates that result when there is a .single* lost time accident in plants working in a range of 1,000.000 to 10.000 man hours in steps of 250.000 man hours. Lost Time your drinking fountain. , hour worked by every single man. Man Ilnurs Accidents Frequency They work a revolution in the physical feeling of the men-- they renew their energy-- take away the weariness and lassitude that are but a natural result of such con ditions. since every minute the man was at work he was exposed to accident haz: ards. The measure of time worked was ( therefore the number of men times the number of hours worked by each which was simplified to the term man hours. Expressed as a formula we have: 1,000,000 750.000 500.000 250*000 100,000 75.000 50,000 25,000 10,000 11 1 1 1.>.3 14 1 10 1 13 1 20 1 40 - 1 1O0 Such a table is convincing proof that given similar working conditions Let us tell you what they have done for some of the Lost Time Accidentsxl,000,000 Frequency = ------ --------------------------------- Man Hours Worked the shialler the number of man hours worked the greater heed must be paid to the elimination of hazards, lest a largest plants in America. But what is that 1,000,000 figure? single lost time accident break down ! To make the majority of frequency a long record of low frequency Address:-- - -- figures small whole numbers, it was achievement. decided to base the frequency on the FAIRWAY LABORATORIES, Inc. 2628 W. Main St. BELLEVILLE, ILL. Representatives Desired number of lost time accidents in every million man hours worked. Tliis was necessary because of the very large number of industries working over a million man hours per year. Chairman, Statistical Committee, Con struction Section, National Safety Council. Judge: You admit that you drove over this man with a loaded truck ? Driver: Yes. your honor. Judge: And what have you to say in your defense? Driver: T didn't know it was loaded. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 07 YOU CAN DO IT BETTER WITH Because of their patented safety fea tures preventing damage to torches, regulators and gauges, also other features such as correct design, forg ings and bar stock construction, proper balance, brazed joints, leak proof tips, needle valves and con nections--: Torchweld welding and cutting torches and regulators are the best for con tinuous service because they secure higher production, lower gas and labor costs with welds which are not oxidized nor carbonized. TORCHWELD EQUIPMENT COMPANY, FOR SERVICE USE Non-Flash Equipment "BUILT TO STAND'THE ABUSE OF CONSTANT USE" Write for Catalog No. 29N and ask us for the name of our nearest Distributor to you. 224 N. Carpenter St, Chicago, Illinois The Finnell Combination A marvelous machine that combines th-^--'rubbing and mopping opera- Twin disc, high speed scrubjshes rout out every particle n Before the dirt can settle a owertul vacuum draws up the dirty ttcr leaving the floor clean and dry. crubs clean at less than the cost d mopping partly clean. MAY, 1931 The FINNELLS NOW IN USE SCRUB and POLISH every year a floor space equal to ALMOST HALF THE U. S. Jn ID06, just an idea; today, thirteen thou sand Finite!! users. Estimating- the average business or .institutional floor to he scrubbed or polished twice a week, the F'innells now in use would, in the course of a year, cover a total floor surface equal to the area of this country east of the Mississippi. Finnell has become more than simply the name of a machine. It is a system of floor maintenance. There are now nine Finnell scrubber-polishers--some small, others large enough to clean a path 24 inches wide. All of them produce floors that are clean-there- fore safe as well as sanitary* For non-slippery and safe polished floors, the most recent FiniteU development is Fin- nell-Kotc, a semi-solid wax which is melted electrically by a dispenser attached to the machine, and thence is applied to the floor to be distributed and polished by the brushes in. one: operation. Put your floor maintenance problem up to the Finnell organization, a nation-wide staff of specialists, backed by twenty-five years' experience. Finnell service aims not to sell you merely a machine, but to provide the right machine .or combination of ma chines that will maintain your floors in best condition at the lowest cost. Address inquiries to FINNELL SYSTEM, INC. 1005 East St. Elkhart, Indiana FINNELL Est.1906 ELECTRIC FLOOR MACHINE It Waxes It Polishes It Finishes It Scrubs 1 69 The Old Cow-Path has no place in your plant. Clean, uncluttered aisles, on the other hand, definitely increase the speed of production and reduce unnecessary in juries due to stumbles and falls. The Nissly Floor Liner is a distinct help to production. Its vivid, painted lines automatically clear the aisles, converting meandering paths into production speed ways with lined-up stock in place. This good house-keeping avoids many stumbles and falls; accidents which have caused more deaths than machinery! You'll be sur prised to see how quickly your production curve will mount, when you clear your aisles with a Nissly Floor Liner. Send the coupon for full details. No obligation, of course. Please send me complete details of the Nissly Floor Liner. Name ............ . ................................... ........... WALTER S. NISSLY 43 Clinton St., N. York, Pa. Company .. Address ........ Position .... . .. ........... ................... ) This Free Applicator Bottle of MERCUROCHROME will convince you that it is the logical successor to Tincture of Iodine for First Aid Prophylactic and General Antiseptic Use-- ERCUROCHROME stains as Iodine does, and it is the M stain of Mercurochrome, as it is of Iodine, that shows just where and how effectively the germicide has been ap plied; it fixes the bactericidal agent in the field for a rela tively permanent period which prolongs the asepsis or the sterilizing effect, and it provides for demonstrable penetra tion into the tissues beneath the superficial surfaces. Inas much as Mercurochrome is definitely proved an extremely efficient general antiseptic, it is only reasonable to consider it the successor to Iodine in this field, as it is free from the objectionable features of Iodine, for Mercurochrome does not irritate, burn or injure tissue. Sell yourselves first with this free sample: IYNSON,WESTCOTT&DUNNING,Inc. r- BALTIMORE, MD. HYNSON, WESTCOTT ft DUNNING, Inc. Dept. S, Baltimore, Md. Please send me free Mercurochrome Applicator Bottle for personal use* Name Company Address . WAY, 1931 70 handle barrels this safe way The Accident Prone Employee i ('ontinnetl from page 18: to find .souu1 underlying <-;ilist1. The street ear striking the automobile was i rhe result, not flic cause. What are we going to do with men of this type.' We have all talked about lining' square pegs in round holes. Sometimes it is necessary to go out ami get a round peg that will fit. But often it is better to send that square Brine tilter to drum. Roll chime of drum over retaining bar. peg to a lathe to have the edges ground off. Sometimes in our talk about hu manity we also talk about efficiency. We must remember that the man rep- ( resents a definite investment for the organization. Even if he has only , been oil the job ten days, he has been ' through the employment office and ; his records have been compiled. ; Other time and effort has also been spent on him in that short period. Is ! it more efficient to let him go or to 2 Tilt track upward operator hu three to one advantage over lifting. Note front trucking wheels are disengaged. send him to the lathe to have the edges ground off j Another interesting discovery re- suited from the Cleveland study. An j individual record of the kilowatt- ; hour consumption of each motorman ; showed a high degree of correlation J between the power consumed and the I number of accidents. In short, the i inefficient operators were having the larger number of accidents. A further study was made of the number of reprimands, the days . of discipline, and the complaints re ceived from patrons. Here again the I same group came right up on top like oil floating on water. Generally speaking, though not invariably, the men who were having the accidents were poor salesmen for the company. That emphasized the close relation ship between efficiency and safety. It was found that the same con ditions that caused accidents were causing other undesirable conditions. $400 is the average'cost per case of com pensated injuries from handling barrels and drums, according to a leading insur ance,^ company. Schwenk tUters reduce the'p'ossibilities of such accidents. With them one man in ten seconds .time can safely place' a heavy barrel as shown. Send for particulars. The Schwenk safety barret .and drum handlers and Schwenk safety carboy tilter were on display at the Massachusetts and Ohio State Safety Exhibition^ in April. The same characteristic that was making a man negligent or inatten tive and causing him to run into a street car was, generally speaking, the same thing that caused him to be tardy, to waste power, and to be dis courteous. In the past we have been thinking of accident prevention as personal in HE SCHVVen jury prevention. What we have been Schwenk Safety j doing is fine, but isn't there another Device Corp. side to it? Isn't the whole matter iLETY TILTS 70 East 45th Street of efficiency tied up with accident New York, N. Y. prevention 1 Couldn't we . write a new definition for an accident. Iu in clude any ineidenr which result* iu tin1 destruction of property, damage ro tools, equipment, raw material, or finished product, unnecessary delay in production, and.'or jtersonal in jury ? Tills definition involves a program of inefficiency prevention as well aof accident prevention. Tile personal injury is just a portion of the whole accident problem, and the accidentprone man is tiie man who. because of certain basic habits and character istics. puts himself into a place where these tilings result. It is not always his own deliberate fault. What arc those characteristics The first is physical disability, it may be one of two kinds: one in which the disability itself makes him acci dent prone, such as poor eyesight: in rite other, the physical disability in itself does not disable him, but cre ates a mental disability by distract ing his attention from his work. Having diagnosed and classified tlte man, we may apply one of five or six remedies. If periodical exam inations are not made, he should be examined to determine bis condition and to find out whether he needs an operation, a truss, glasses, this. that, or tiie other tiling. The second group includes the man who did not know what he was do ing. the man who had not been prop erly trained, or tiie limn who had not absorbed training. In the street rail way field this group was easily de termined. For instance a motorman did not know how to operate his air brake, he did not know how to start his car, lie had not learned to judge speed and distance. Those were all defects in the man's training. What was the remedy ? Reinstruct the man. not necessarily consider him impos sible and discharge him. Apply in struction and definite knowledge where he needs instruction. The third group, which was re sponsible for the greatest number of accidents, was sometimes the most difficult to anal3'ze, and was certainly the most difficult to treat. It is summed up under the general head ing `Attitude." It could be subdivid ed. In one case tiie attitude was the man's feeling toward the company, that "out-of-line" feeling with the NATIONAL SAFETY IMP? 71 CAPITALIZE THIS MOVIE INTEREST PRACTICALLY every workman spends at least one evening a week at "the talkies,"and thorough ly enjoys them. Why not use this modern medium to make your men safety conscious? Phototone Talkafilm is the first complete portable sound film projector. Built specifically for industrial use. With it you can present your safety program through the medium of living, talking characters in a way that will make the deepest and most lasting impression on your men. For, "what the eyes see and the ears hear, the mind remembers for years." You can use the Pho totone Talkafilm for many other purposes, too. If you have a new sales presentation, a Phototone Talkafilm can teach it to your salesmen. You'll find they will learn it better and use it oftener than you could reasonably expect by the old method. Production operations can be quickly grasped by the men when explained by sound pictures. Write for complete details and estimates on recording and taking special motion pictures. PHOTOTONE EQUIPMENT CORP., OF AMERICA 309 N. Illinois St. Indianapolis/ Indiana TWTEN possessing that confidence of foot -**'* safety inspired by wearing Toe Saver Shoes can be depended upon to do more and better work. Toe Saver Shoes will stand enormous pressure--have been proven against oil-- gasoline--kerosene--water and will withstand tremendous heat. Made and Recommended by ENDICOTT JOHNSON CORPORATION ENDICOTT, NEW YORK Correspondence Invited Dealers Everywhere MAY, 1931 , rest of the organization which is fre- j qucntly noted. Everybody is out of i srop but this ruan. This condition , makes for an accident-prone and an j inefficient-prone man. Because of his , lack of concentration he is likely to ; get himself into trouble. The condi- ' lion may be brought about by some ' quarrel or misunderstanding. Sometimes an individual's eondi- I lion results from his attitude toward the entire social environment. We lind this type of man grabbing tin' intersection: he is the fellow who A New Industrial Signal Federal Type "A" Code Siren says. "Get out of the way; 1 am <`0in ing." Tliis was corrected by bringing the man in contact with his super visor--in extreme rases as high up as the vice-president and general mau- : ager. FACTORY and production noises can not "drown out" the peculiar screech of a Federal siren--it is heard above the roar of machinery. The Federal Type "A" Code siren can be connected to a factory call system. Par ticularly useful in noisy plants. Write for bulletin No. 35. Federal Electric Company Signal Division j In every ease, however, the man was assured that we were not simply dis cussing his accident record: we were talking about his ability as a sales, man for the company, his ability to reach the people, and his service : record. We knew that if we rem! edied the basic trouble the symptoms would disappear. 8726 SOUTH STATE STREET, CHICAGO The attitude of the third group was brought about because of condi tions virtually beyond the control of j the organization. Home conditions. family ties and troubles, and personal ! matters were responsible. T do not | believe that industry is in a position I today where we have to nurse that particular employee along. But cer tain things can be done to help tide him over. .Sometimes it is nothing more than a friendly slap on the back. The foreman who goes .up to a man in the morning and says. "George, how is the wife today?" helps to correct the situation wonderfully. It doesn't help the wife to get better, but it does help George to get over the tenseness he had when he came in. It may be argued that such studies of men are impossible in the average industrial plant. It was possible in Wooden Sole Shoes are worn under extreme conditions for Protection Health Economy Make your plant 100% Safe Overcoming foot hazards is our specialty 45 years experience -- Write Us -- ,D egee Wooden Sole Shoe Co., Inc. ' Columbus, Nebraska the transportation industry because the records were available. Few indus trial organizations have such records. But doesn't it suggest a new thought? Perhaps we might be able to pick out some of these men by certain ear marks, perhaps from their personal injury records, and begin to work on those particular cases. How can we interpret all this into a direct application in our industrial work? Begin at the bottom and re verse the order. The foremen should know their men better. They should watch their work, not merely from the standpoint of production, but to learn their traits, habits and charae-. teristics. Can yon expect your foremen to do flint .' Ves. if your superintendents know more of the traits, habits and characteristics of their foremen. You i-nii fake this principle on up the ladder. Tn-other words, isn't it large ly a matter of getting closer to our personnel, and getting better related to those things which cause men no ro be normal More Plants Enrolled in New Jersey Contest BOTH the severity and the fre quency accident rates were mate rially reduced in the Third Annual .state-wide Inter-Plant Safety Con test computed by the State of New Jersey Department of Labor assisted by a General Managing Committee representing many industries in the state, the Newark Safety Council and the Hudson County Safety Council. In the 1929 contest the frequency rate was 15.92. while in the 1930 con test it was 13.52. In 1929 the sever ity rate was 3.05. and in the 1930 con test it sank to 2.92. Moreover, a total of 771 firms completed the contest in 1930. as against 650 in 1929. The sponsors of the contest there fore feel that, in spite of a depressed business year and many handicaps to the contest, the results are note worthy. Organized accident preven tion work that, as a result of the contest, has been stimulated in scores of plants for the first time, is beingcarried forward with enthusiasm; and in many plants where safety work has been a definite factor in industrial efficiency, the conviction of its value has been increased. Certificates of Award were present ed to the Group winners at a dinner attended by nearly 600 representa tives of the contesting plants at the Robert Treat Hotel, Newark, New Jersey, on February 19. John Mur phy, Jr., general superintendent, United Piece Dye Works, Lodi, acted as toastmaster. Addresses were de livered by Charles R. Blunt, Com missioner of Labor for New Jersey; W. Reed Morris, chairman of the General Managing Committee and vice-president of Koppers Seaboard By-Products Company, Kearney, N. J.; Cyrus Ching, director, Indus trial & Public Relations, U. S. Rub ber Company, New York City; and John Roach, director of the contest. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 73 NEARLY every accident is caused by a mental "flop" . . careless, or heedless or just didn't THINK. Safety cannot rule where the mental attitude is not alert to danger and its costly toll. Only by making men THINK Safety can its blessings be assured. Stonehouse Accident Prevention Signs urge them to THINK Safety . . . con stantly, clearly and in no uncertain terms! FIRE-ESCAPE SIGNS, INC, FIRST AID HEALTHY SIGNS OF THE TIMES DANGER--MEN WORKING AHEAD DANGER--MEN WORKING ABOVE DANGER--MEN WORKiNG BELOW ATTRACTIVE--COLLAPSIBLE--SERVICEABLE MAY BE READ FROM ALL DIRECTIONS . ir Recommended for Powerr Telephone, Gas and Water Com panies, as weE as Industrial plants. An efficient sign for streets, highways and general use to warn of overhead or underground danger. ^ Constructed entirely of metal-in two separate units, so that they may be used singly or as one jmit as illustrated. The signs are attractively done in colors, reading the same on aU sides. These portables also furnished with stock sign-plates reading DANGER--MEN WORKING ABOVE with' arrow pointing up; DANGER--MEN WORKING BELOW with arrow pointing down, and DANGER--MEN WORKING AHEAD. Stays in position on any surface. Both units collapsible in design, taking up the minimum of space in trucks. Send for Sign Bulletin "C" describing these IPCO Portable Danger Signs in detail. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS COMPANY Manufacturers 3729 OLD YORK ROAD PHILADELPHIA, PA. ON JUNE FIRST we move to our new home at 800 West Somerset Street. MAY, 1931 74 PLENTY OF'[DOL WATER Council Makes Awards to No-Accident Drivers No. 800"*sJiown below, oite of var ious models. Cork insulated, sturdy, sanitary, efficient! JEImlsey Tayler Cool er Fountains have proven tbeir superi ority add efficiency in providing industrial workers witls a con stant supply of cool water. Tkeir many dis tinctive features guarantee maximum cooling capacity witls a minimum ice consumption and servicing. The very best in cooler construc tion combined witls the most modern drinking device, Halsey Taylor two-stream projector witls practical automatic stream control . . . The Halsey V. Taylor Co., 'Warren, Ohio. HALSEY TAYLOR Cooler Fountains No. 618 Heavy vitreous china receptor; steei tubing standard and castiron open base for connections, above floor line. Gray fin ish. Two-stream pro jector, automatic stream control. One of many desirable types for industry! No. 1032 Announcing-- T3 HE new favorable wide-saddle loose-layer safety belt which has created very comment wherever shown, due to its exceptional comfort combined with its safety features. This belt is equipped with our new two-way knife snap, movable formed plier holder, and non-metallic tape holder. Full particulars on request. R. H. BUHRKE CO. 4538 FULLERTON AVENUE CHICAGO, ILLINOIS Sidney J. Williams presenting the first No-Accident Driver Award to Joseph Papciak. ] NATIONAL attention has been at tracted to the first presentations of the new Xo-Aecddent Driver I Awards of the National Safety Coun' oil throughout the country. Editorial i applause is appearing in newspapers | in the various cities as member fleets ; reward their accident-free drivers, and business magazines throughout the fleet operating industries are com menting favorably upon the new medal. Award No. 1 was presented to Jo: seph Papeiak, 23-vear old driver for Ilineklev & Schmitt, a Chicago water service company, on March 31. Sid ney J. Williams. Director of Alie 1 Council's Public Safety Division, l made the initial presentation to Pap eiak and four other drivers of the same company--Jacob Mueller, 53; Walter Zurek, 33: Alexander B. Creighton, 46; and Paul Melzer, 5S. All are married. The five medal winners proved by their records that safe driving is pos sible in the face of the worst hazards of metropolitan traffic with neither age nor territory a deterrent. Pap eiak operated his truck through the densely populated, street market. ``Ghetto" district, without a single accident. Mueller, veteran of 25 years in the company's service, deliv ers only in Chicago's constantly jammed "loop," and suffered no mis hap. Creighton and Melzer, also vet eran drivers, operated in residential districts with their characteristic traffic problems. Zurek covered 40,000 miles in 1930 on his suburban de livery route without accident. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Keep Them Interested ( Continued from page 22) "! causes for their existence. Xu lime was wasted in safety generalit ies. The pride of the employee was ap pealed to. and the ability of the su pervisors to handle men was empha sized. The results of this method of at tacking accident occurrence wore highly satisfactory. Of the many in teresting sidelights which were devel oped, two are given as examples. By featuring mechanical skill and engi of skill and good judgment, in lieu of accidents and hazards, is defensi ble from a psychological point of view. There are some men who scoff at the mention of danger, who aiv ashamed to make much of injury, and who even an so far as to refuse first aid - because they think it is_ needed only by weaklings. The men tal processes of such men are more readily stirred to common sense ac tion when accident occurrence is treated as a redaction on ability and skill. Fundamental truths support the idea of carrying on accident preven tion work in the manner here de scribed. Accidents are. in fact, er rors. They violate the principles of nature and likewise of economy. They tire concrete and specific evi dence that something or somebody has failed. Therefore, the employer, executive, or safety engineer who may he seeking a new approach to tin old problem would do well to con sider a program based on the knowl edge that no skilled workman relish es a reflection on his ability to do as good a job as nis fellow worker. neering revision in lien of safety for humanity's sake, the employees and - their foremen were encouraged to devise better, safer, and more efficient 1 methods of conducting operations of a long standardized, nature. The suggestion was made and adopted that trays ami boxes he par titioned or eleatod so that machined parts could be, more quickly and con veniently stacked. It was also sug gested that a bench or stand be placed adjacent to each machine, at the same height as the truck plat forms. so that the trays and boxes would necessarily be placed in the j most convenient position for the op iflSElL erator, and so that they could be transferred to the trucks without lift ing them oft' the floor. With regard j to certain parts that were to be ! dipped, pickled, or washed, subse- Presents quent to machining operations, the ( suggestion was made and accepted j A RUBBER MARKING that strong wire-basket trays suitable i for holding the parts in the caustic : or acid bath he'used by the machine ' for GLOVES, BLANKETS, LINE HOSE, Etc. operators. The pressure brought to bear on Permanent, Positive, Protective process and procedure revision in the assembly department, and on the necessity for greater skill in carrying on the work, resulted in the adoption of power tools. These were portable motor-driven drilling machines to which socket wrenches with friction disks were fitted. It was also found that nut and bolt sizes could be stand ardized and reduced in number, with the result that less time was spent in changing and adjusting wrenches. The long-service accident-free men whose names were given in the posted notices referring to skilful perform ance were enthused by this recogni - Further detailed information is given in our new booklet. Write for it. tion of their efforts, and some goodtatured banter was indulged in, with the result that the slaek performers became more proficient and careful. THE ORRSELL COMPANY 108 West Seventy-eighth Street Inc. New York, N. Y. Apparently the featuring of lack MAY, 1931 76 MR. SAFETY ENGINEER Danq'vr iV always tuiuul where least expected. Is your factory card sale? Du SWACO Tonis protect your men ? SWACO Hopper Car Wrenches open your coal cars safely. The hall bearing; head operating- with the two-way safety ratchet insures maximum security to your men. When the load is freed the handle remains stationary in the operator's hands. The SWACO Car Mover moves your cars safely. The mover fits over the rail and .grips the soft side sections thus assuring' positive location and reducing' the possibility of slip ping and consequent accident. .1 trial is yours for the'_ctskin. SAFETY WRENCH & APPLIANCE CO. WORCESTER, MASS. Destroyed by Fire Are you taking the fullest precautions against such a calamity and loss? Have you installed the latest, ap proved safety appliances for storing Approved your waste, gasoline, naptha, alcohol and other explosives and volatile liquicts? If not -- do so today SUREI Approved SAFETY APPLIANCES Jnitrite Waite Can 8^t.,`s.'To. ______ __ JUSTRITE SAFETY APPLI ANCES are inspected and labeled by the Underwriters, Inc., and the Associated Factories Mutual Fire I" -InsuranceCompanies-.. insure vus utmost safety and LOWER INSUR' ANCE RATES... Think what that means.. .Seeyourdealer or write us for literature and attractive prices. TRITE MEG. CO. 2087 SOUTHPORT AVE. ... - CHICAGO Jurtrite Safety Can Sires--1 pint to 5 gallons. l Industrial Health Continurd from pocjr 46 changes were observed to be caused by sreel grinding dost, the next by dust of high silica content, such as | rode dust, i with day slate'; and pori celain. Coal dust and lamp blade bad a moderately injurious effect. I while ('('inoiii. limestone. Thomas slag. ; textile, and tobacco dusts were still i less injurious, with lime dust in the form of calcium hydroxide the least I harmful. i A difference of opinion occurs ] among German investigators on the effects of dusts. Hollman of Solingen j believes that tuberculosis should not ' bo regarded as an occupational dis1 ease since its course is not more se vere and the fatality not higher among grinders than among other in dustrial workers. There appeal's to be an individual constitutional disposi tion toward pneumonoconiosis, the preliminary conditions of which have not been satisfactorily investigated in a scientific manner. As a preventive procedure. X-ray examinations and investigations should take place in dusty industries every two or three years. The most important problem is prevention and this can be accom plished by the reduction of the clust hazard and controlling the spread of tuberculous infection. Von Dolmen thinks that individual disposition toward the development of pneumonoconioses is important and that the measure of this has not yet been indisputably determined. The time required for the develop ment of pneumocotic changes is ex tremely varied. According to Sternberg there is still a wide differentiation between the findings of industrial dust-lung and the results of animal experimen tation. This is explained on the ba sis of the anatomical-physical differ ence' between human and animal tis sue, the long period of time required for the development of a dust-lung in man and other considerations. Griinwald thinks that most work ers disregard the first results of the action of dust, believing that slight cough, sneezing and catarrh are necessary evils of the occupation or inherited weaknesses of their fam ilies. Frequently such minor changes go on to deep-seated conditions of the lungs. The significance of dry dust as related to the origin of an in fectious disease, is not that it is a NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS carrier bin bc-imsc' it is a physical am! i-licuiical acriva preparatory irri tation for rotaiiiiiia the tubereitloim iniXTl inn. Russia. Varioim in wm iual ion> have boon i-arrird out by tin1 State liisliluir ior (ti-eiipal imial I'at liolnuy am! 1 itilii-i rial Ilyuiene of I'kraine. 1'oreelaiii ibiM easily liydrolizccl w!umi iniroiltteeil into tlie animal ormniMii. am! aiiseil local neerotii: l(`sion> am! toxic I'ffccts of I lit* in ternal orir.m-. l TyMallinc kinds of Alii-atv ilttsl weri' not hydrolized; schamoltc stood lietween porcelain and dust and Mini and sand ->n far a- liydrolyrie properties were 'oii- eerneil : coal dust was not soluble: cliarcOtd ilttst showed no observable picture of solubility and tissue reac tion: marble and uypsum.dust were will largely be determined this year by your accident rate. Anything that will protect your men and reduce this waste ful cost, helps your profit margin. hydrolized and tuberculous lesions determined around the foci of these dusts. South Africa. The experience of Erdle Perforated Metal is easily and cheaply made into guards to fit your own requirements. Being "tailor made," they protect your machines and avoid accident losses as well as the disruption of your production this country can be very well sum schedule. marized in the words of Irvine and Erdle Metal is flexible, yet practically unbreakable. It has a high degree of visibility, an important .Mavrouordato as follows: although it ! essential of a good guard. is believed that we have turned a big Let us send you samples andfull details corner in the matter of silicosis, it is not anticipated that the actual miniher of eases detected will show any ERDLE PERFORATING CO. 171 York St., Rochester, N. Y. significant decrease in the immediate | future. After years of hard work on j tlie part of mining engineers, medical i men. and others, a large measure of ! Clean Motors success has been attained, but it is j incomplete. 'When in 1916 we found | that the liberal use of water, suitably applied, would reduce the dust front ; drilling or blasting by 97 or 98 per ! are Safe Motors cent by weight, the problem appeared . to have been solved. It has been I solved only so far. The question which we now ask is. could we not do better with less water and a greater j extension of alternative methods? j In August. 1930. an International i Conference on Silicosis was held at > -Johannesburg. South Africa, attend- j ed by representatives of tlie principal j countries interested in this disease. Summarizing the results. Hall feels that although no material addition was made to pre-existing knowledge, it served the purpose of collecting together all the available informa BLOWER jT" EEPS electrical windings clean with Dry Air. Reduces fire risk and danger of "shorts" and "burnouts." Prevents dust accumulations which are dangerous to health and property. (Nozzle is made of non conducting material.) Sprays Insecticides As a Sprayer, the CLEMENTS CADILLAC applies insecticides and disinfectants conveniently and effectively. Has the FORCE to "break up" liquid insecticides into the finest mist which it throws great dis tances into cracks and crevices. tion about dust diseases _ from all parts of the world: it showed the po sition of the gaps in our knowledge, pointing the way to future research: it made possible an agreement on standards for international research; and finally it emphasized the urgent necessity for further experimental in- The CLEMENTS CADILLAC Blower fits perfectly into the Safety and 'Sanitation program of the industrial plant. It is instantly convertible for suction cleaning. Has hundreds of uses with attachments for many speoal^gurposea. Write for descriptive literature and for details of our CLEMENTS MFG. CO. 6663 S. Narragansett Ave. CHICAGO, ILL. Oldest and Largest Manufacturers of Portable Electric Blowers. MAY, 1931 I-I Write off overhead with Saf-T-top With tho proportional eoit of overhead mounting deity execntivei can not afford to overlook Saf-T-top. It is not an expense. It is an investment that will be returned to you before the end of the summer. Filled with Mercurochrome or Iodine it can be opened with one hand and will feed like a fountain pen direct from the bottle to an injury, without fuss or smear. Every drop of antiseptic can be used to steri lize a wound. There is no evaporation or waste. It costs less than a tenth of a cent per treatment. A wooden container enables you to place 5af-T-top in a medicine cabinet, in an Auto, in a tool box, or in a man's pocket. Make it easily available for your men. Have them treat cuts before bacteria start their deadly attack and increase your overhead. Writ* for a sample ROBERT A. BERNHARD, 153 Anderson Ave., ROCHESTER, N. Y. This Clamp HOLDS vestigatioas into almost every aspect of the problem. United States. Several investiga tions have been made, including that of the committee appointed by the in dustrial commissioner of New York in April. 192!). to draft regulations for rock drilling, sand blasting, and rock cru-diing. The report of this committee was made by Lanza at the .Sixteenth Annual Meeting of the In ternational Association of Industrial Accident Boards and Commissions, at Buffalo, New York. October 8-11. 192!). Experiments conducted in re gard to subway and tunneling work j in Manhattan have been the most [ j promising yet made in this country. Another important study is the I work of the I". S. Bureau of Mines Clinic, carried on at Picher, Okla ' 1 homa. in cooperation with the Tri- State Zinc ami Lead Ore Producers Association and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, being con tinued during the fiscal year 1929-30. Complete tabulation of the results of 7,469 examinations may be published later. Cases of asbestosis have been re ported by Lynch and Smith, Merewether. and Soper. Hatch, Drinker, and Choate made an important study to determine the fundamental engi neering principles involved in the design of efficient dust-control sys tems for use with high-speed pneu matic stone-cutting tools and found that the application of local exhaust ventilation appeared to be the most promising method.. Departmental Bulletin . Boards T3RING your safety message right *-* down to the man on the job. Tie your general announcements up with departmental contests, bulletins, cartoons, and other plans to stimulate active interest in acci dent reduction. A cork bulletin board is quickly in stalled, and takes thumbtacks and pins easily. Put one in every de partment in your plant, and your men will have a safety reminder be fore them all the time. Send for catalog or name of nearest dealer. NEW YORK SILICATE BOOK SLATE CO. 20 Vesey St., New York, N. Y. Publish New Magazine on OILER plate, especially scarfed Eyesight Conservation work, must be carefully han- . i died to avoid chipping. Neverslip i B, Safety Clamps are designed to do A this type of work without slipping ; NEW magazine, known as The Sight-Saving Review, has made its appearance as the organ of the Na and will not mar the edges. tional Society for the Prevention of I Neverslip Safety Clamps require Blindness. It is a quarterly journal, only two sling chains, whereas four the first number being published on were necessary with bent hooks. April 5. Copies will be received by Neverslip Clamps may even be used ophthalmologists, illuminating engi at an inclination without slippage. neers, safety directors, school physi Since only one pair of sling chains cians and nurses, public health ad is required, it is easier to obtain ! ministrators, sight-saving class teach clear way for two Neverslip clamps, when lowering into place. Blocking of sheets on edge is unnecessary. ers and supervisors, and others. The leading article in the April number is Made in two types for horizontal or an appreciation of Dr. Ernest Fuchs, vertical lifting. of Vienna, in his time the world's Write for technical details greatest ophthalmologist, by Dr. Wil ; liam II. Luedde, Professor of Oph Neverslip Safety Clamp Co. thalmology of the School of Medicine, 51 E. 42nd St. New York City St. Louis University. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Accidental Deaths In the United States MARCH 1931 Compiled by the Statistical Bureau, Public Safely Division, National Safety Council MOTOR VEHICLE DEATHS Bin. and Youngstown. Ohio, some what smaller cities, also had perfect SPRINT luis'apparently brought a record.-. resumption of rite upward trend in motor veliiele fatalities that was Motor Deaths Each Day temporarily stopped in February. In The following estimates are based cities and states with a total popu mi immihly reports to the National lation of do,000.000 people there were Safety Council by cooperating states approximately 4 per cent more motor and cities." Corrections are made as vehicle fatalities in .March than in new information becomes available. the same month a year ago. Due to 1*120 l onn 111.-! 1 the bad January record, the first January .. .. ............ 0(i (in -.) three months of this year now exceed the first quarter of 1930 by approx- f-Vliniary . . . . . .. .V, <>s it 7 mately 7 per cent. Mim-li ............ Afiril .............. _____ ti2 IM 7;; thS Compared with February, the M;i v ................. 77 s;: March record showed an increase of Tune ................ ............ Ml *$7 Id per cent in deaths. Imt there were July................... ............ 04 SO enough more days in the latter month August .............. ............ lee lee so that the actual change in experi Scpfemlipr ............ lie lus ence was negligible. It is estimated that in the entire I'nited States more than 6.000 persons were killed in au tomobile accidents in the first three ()<*tolx`r ............ ............les leu Xovt`niIu*r , . . . ............ loti _ 117 I>m*mlu*r .... _____ . : $7 lea months of the year. This is a larger number than met death in this way in the entire year of 1915. If everv motor vehicle in operation in 1000 in the United States had been re sponsible for the death of one person there would scarcely have been as many people killed during the entire year as met deatli in first three months of 1931. Two-thirds of the deaths were those of pedestrians, in spite of the fact that records show some tendency toward a reduction in this type of accident. A quarter of these deaths were to elderly people, over 65 years of age. Several cities showed favorable comparisons with last year. Pitts burgh reduced fatalities from 17 in OTHER FATALITIES j Home accidents are showing the usual tendency to decrease with the arrival of warmer weather. In 29 cities then1 were about three-fourths .is many deaths in homes as in motor vehicle accidents. In January the two types of fatalities were practi cally equal in importance. Public accidents, on the other hand, are increasing in importance. There were half as many deaths in such accidents as in motor vehicle accidents in March. Warmer weath er permits people to be away from home a greater part of the time and they are thus subjected to other types of hazards. March, 1930, to 12 in the same month In three large industrial states of this year; Boston from 11 to 6; compensable industrial fatalities re Buffalo from 12 to .9, and Detroit ported to state authorities decreased from 29 to 20. Omaha. Nebraska, 16 per cent from January to Febru with a population of over 200.000 ary. The two months total in these went through the entire month with states stands well below the 1929 and out a fatality. Grand Rapids, Michi- 1930 records. PRICE MAY FOOL YOU-- KSOWS QUALITY CANNOT!..................... Price alone is a dangerous buying-standard. For partial protection is worth nothiiuj. Maximum protection is worth everything. Kmnen guality is the safest ''buy". Write for the new 19,51 Wheeler price list. See for yourself how reasonable are the prices. Remember that Wheeler Products are '`Stan dard Where Safety Is at Stake." Your next order will specify: Wheeler! APRONS ARM PROTECTORS BLANKETS COATS GLOVES HAND PADS HELMETS JUMPERS KNEE PADS LEGGINGS LEG-SAFES MITTENS OVERSHOES PANTS SLEEVES SPATS F. H. WHEELER MANUFACTURING CO. 224-230 W. Huron -- Chicago MAY, 1931 80 Not with bare hands Don't pull fuses with bare hands. Avoid shocks, burns or possible death by using TRIGG Fuse Pullers. Play safe. Equip fate boxet and switch boards with Fuse Pullers Genuine ebook-proof horn fibre--4, sizes. Ask your jobber or write TRICO FUSE MFG. CO. 1045 McKinley Ave. Milwaukee* Wis. Health Comes First That is the de cision of every institution installing R u nd1eSpence drink ing fountains ... and they arrive at their decisionright. fully. ; First, because the sanitary features of an R-S Fountain ... place it in a class by itself; ' and secondly, [ because, with out exception the R-S foun... tain prevents RUfcflMSPENCEall users trom touching their lips to the jet or nozzle. Before you decide on the type of drinking fountain to install, write for the R-S catalog. Colors are available for any color scheme. RUNDLE-SPENCE MFG. CO. 441 No. Fourth St. Milwaukee, Wisconsin > Council Issues Important New Publications ^Operate youi^I 1 PUNCH PRESSES 1 XI'MBER of now publico t ions Ato aid member companies in their accident prevention and indus- | trial health work haw been issued by i the Xalional Safely Council during ` the past month. "Industrial Safety Series \'o. Ku. 1. Cumpnmulimr Materials Used in the Rubber Industry", is the mime of ' a. Ri-pitge atldition to the series of fsat'e r'ractiees Pamphlets. It gives the elassilicatiou and health hazards. ' under the suli-title "Part 1--Acceler ators. Anti-Oxidants, and Dry Or ganic Compounds." The Council is , greatly indebted ro L. J. D. Healy. ; technical superintendent of the Fisk Rubber Company. Cudahy. W'is.. and ' to the Executive Committee of the : Rubber Section, under whose direc tion this pamphlet was prepared. Another unit in the .Safe Practices FEEDING mm N' .our automatic non r Pamphlet scries is "Industrial Safej ry Series Xo. Cent. 1. Cement Koek Quarrying and Crushing.'' This 8page pamphlet outlining the hazards ! and safe practices in this industry ; was originally drafted by Felix ; Guenther. Jr., general superintend' enf, Pennsylvania-Dixie Cement. Cor, poration, Kingsport. Tenn. 'rite for our aitil r ; AMr; f REl 7 P ; A I OH I l'/> /."'< l/i'v.,.''; -*./ /'. tf 'r 4 i'././c //. Wi Vi a iy/: fg. k ' so', / w j-i-p. CHICAGO j A third unit- in the Safe Practices ! Pamphlet series is Industrial Safety : Series Xo. Con. 2. Safety and Health in Tunnel and Caisson Work." | This 12-page pamphlet was prepared I by the A. S. S. E.-Engineering Sec tion Committee on Tunnel and Caisj son 'Work, under the leadership of ! R. MeA. .Keowu, chairman. i "Benzol", the new Health Prae! tiees Pamphlet Xo. 14. is also just off the press and ready for distribution. This 8-page pamphlet describes the principles used in protecting the health of workers exposed to benzol, and in an appendix covers the fire and explosion hazards incident to its use. Still another new publication, which made its maiden bow on April 15, is the "Industrial Health Di gest", an attractive little paper is sued by the Division of Industrial Health of the Council, with Dr. C. 0. Sappington, editor. It takes the place of the former news-letter, "The Stethoscope" and will be distributed gratis to interested physicians, nurses, safety executives, and others among the Council membership. Work Shoe Stamina OK street and factory wear, Schiff FSafety Shoe No. 44 is ideal. It is a dress shoe m apfrearance. with the famous "Protex" non-metallic safety toe guarding the toe area'. Sturdy gram leather insole. Uppers are of fine veal side, the strongest leather made. Patented outsole and uppers chrome retanned. Sturdy, flexible, non-slippery. fire-resisting, and long-wearing. Write for a sample pair on free trial Leon Schiff & Co. 108 West Lake St. Chicago, III- NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 81 came in Birmingham in IH22 to mi- Personals pcrvkc i hi* cciiiM run ion and opera tion of the Tarrant plant. Accident pi'i-wm it in work ha-- Iu-i-ii an impor tant factor of bis management. iiis Tarrant plant is a two-time winner Alfred Doyle if the Port laud Cement Association's Me \V li o r r e r, Annual Safety Award, and today has general super a ivord uf p:!i| .unseeiiiive days intendent of the without- a l<isj ti111e accident. Memphis Street Railway C o mpany. hits been elected < h a i rm it n of t h e Safety Division of the* Memphis (`ha m b e r o f o m m e ree. hast year he served as viee-ehairman of the division. Mr. McWhorter has had two decades of active experi ence in executive positions with pub lic utility companies and his wide Other officer- e|e.-ted for the Birm ingham Safety t'oiuieil are I he fol lowin';' vi -e-presidents : -I. M. Harry, operating vice-president. Alabama Power Company: ilnuli Morrow, president. Sloss-Slieflield Steel A iron Company: and II. II. Horner, vicepresident and general manager. Birmingham Water Works Company. W. II. Manly, vice-president. Birm ingham Trust A Savings Company, was re-elected treasurer, and Perkins I. Prewin. director. knowledge of accident hazards has made him a leader in the safety movement. He began his street rail way career in Atlanta. Ga.. with the Atlanta Traction Company, became a foreman in the car shops, then gen eral foreman, superintendent of a department, and finally assistant master mechanic with supervision over all car houses. In l!K)._> he went to the Memphis Street Railway Com pany as master mechanic, was moved on to superintendent of equipment and overhead lines, anil in April. 192:}, became general superintendent. Mr. McWhorter was a charter mem ber of the executive board of _the Memphis Safety Council, established in 1923, continued active in the work after its affiliation with the Chamber of Commerce, and was chairman of the Traffic Control Committee for six years. Wesley M. lira If. Ph.lP.M. E.. lias been .selected as director of the Safe ty engineering Division of the Na tional Bureau of Casually and Surety Underwriters. Mr. Graff, a native of Brooklyn, attended ihe Polytechnic Preparatory School of that city, also the Polytechnic Institute of Brook lyn. and then secured his degree Ph.B. at Yale University--Sheffield Scientific School--in 1911. For post graduate work in the same school he secured a degree M.H. in 1914. Ills varied practical experience included periods wirlt the Hartford Electric Light Go., Hartford. Conn.: Edison Electric illuminating Go.. Brooklyn: Graves Engineering Co., Inc., Xew York City, where lie was made, vicepresident in 1917: Motor Equipment Section. Engineering Division, Ord nance Department, Washington, D. in 1918; Graff Engineering Cor poration, Xew York City, of which' he was president; and Wesley Mon- R. H. MacFetridge, superin tendent of the Tarrant plant of the Lehigh Port teitli Graff, industrial engineers, Xew York City, where lie was principal when chosen for his post with the .National Bureau of Casualty and Surety Underwriters. land Cement Company, Birm- POSITION WANTED irfgham, Ala., is Employment manager with 11 the new presi years' experience in large industrial dent of the Birm plant, in charge of safety, personnel, ingham Safety employment and insurance. Quali Council. During fied to go ahead with, any or all of he past year Mr. MaeFetfidge served the above, and available on one jS vice-president and as chairman of _ month's notice. Would consider any the Industrial Safety Committee. He is a native of Hokendauqua, Pa., and location. Address Safety News. Box 2,74, National I DEPENDABLE PROTECTION Knee Lessings Hip Lessings Spats Accepted, used and ap proved by hundreds of plants employing thous ands of workmen. This approval is our best advertisement and your guarantee of satisfaction. New Low Prices now in effect. "SAFCO" Clothing "Everything from a finger cot to a complete asbestos suit." Carefully made from high quality materials, "Safco" Clothing will give highest value for every dollar's worth purchased. Mail the coupon for com- THE SAFETY CLOTHING CO. Manufacturers 3804 Payne AveP/ Cleveland, Ohio THE SAFETY CLOTHING CO., N. S. N. 3804 Payne Are., Cleveland, Ohio Gentlemen: Please send Information on Q Helmets Mittens Suits Blankets Q Aprons Leggings Spats Welding Protection ...................... Name...................... Company............... City.......................... I MAIL THIS COUPON MAY, 1931 82 Tlic* Smith Fire Pump ('. f\ Anderson. of I ho Richfield Oil Company, lias been elected presiI dent of the Los Amreles Chapter of the California Safety Society for saves life and property quickly and economically. Uses only clear water and has no chemicals to de the present year, and 0. K. Kimball of the Industrial Accident Commis sion has been elected president of the San Francisco Chapter. The society will not hold its annual safety conference and tirsr-aid con test this year but plans are being teriorate. Safety | made for a big program at Los Anengineers say soles in 19:12. these are the finest extinguishers made for use in and ! NELSON S. GREENSFELDER around industrial Nelson S. plants. The curved tiiwnsfelder, ad The Indian Ready 5 gal. tank straps vertising m a li for Action nger for the Ilerright on the back, , elites Powder leaving arms free. Easy pumping throws I Company and na- strong stream 50 ft. The low cost of an ' tionally known INDIAN enables you to place many in authority on in strategic positions ready for instant use. dustrial advertis ing, died at Wil mington, D e 1., D. B. SMITH & CO., HI Main St., Utica, N. V. April o. The end eame suddenly after a short illness ; Pc. Coast Ants. Fire Protection Eng. Co. 369 Pine Street Sen Fmncfsco, Calif. which developed into pneumonia. He | is survived by bis wife and seven- f year-old son. and by his parents, j Judge and Mrs. J. B. Greensfelder. ! Kirkwood, Mo. j HANDY The Schavoir Gas Mask is designed for use against smoke, light fumes and dust. Keep several in handy places around your plant for emergencies. It is very light, weighing complete with car tridge canister, less than two pounds. Made of seamless molded rubber with all metal parts molded into the mask. Double capac ity side valves increase its efficiency. It is handy to put on and take off. Write for complete details. F. H. SCHAVOIR STAMFORD, CONN. Mr. Greensfelder was born in St. Louis County. .Missouri, March 20. 1891. He attended Colorado College and later the Colorado School of Mines, graduating in 1913 as an en gineer of mines. He entered the em ploy of the Hercules Powder Com pany as a salesman and demonstrator and became advertising manager in 1924. National Carbide V.G. Light* and V.G. Handy Lights have proven their superior ity in the promotion of safety, economy and efficiency. They are durable and easy to handle. The V.G. for the big Job--the V.G. Handy for the smaller--furnish dependable "Portable Daylight for night work. NATIONAL CARBIDE--In The Red Drum Saves You Money. Mr. Greensfelder was director of The Explosives Engineer, published by the Hercules Powder Company. Through this magazine he was instru mental in instituting the National Safety Competition, annually award ing trophies to the winners in this competition. Under the U. S. Bureau of Mines this competition has helped to bring about a substantial reduc tion in industrial accidents. nMao>rawultlubTairtt1'iu5M,0l0i'i0'ift'uffslellrlsill"ODkahyu"> tk/',m--ImJ- IATIONAL CARBIDE SALES CORPORATION Lincoln Bldg. New. York, N. Y. POSITION WANTED Electrician, 14 years' experience. Technically trained. Good knowl edge of safety engineering and firstaid work. Thirty years old. German by birth and education. Address Box 275, National Safety News. alyays stroks ahead sf operatoL swoops entire Iaiiath of Bolster Plato on half of downstreko; rocodso boytmd eon- tor of ram'ottltalf of up stroke allowing operator to food'' is a natural, spsody manner. Try oho! Wiesman Mfg. Co. 31 Sooth St. Clair St. DAYTON, OHIO, U. S. A. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS The Honor Roll Details of no-accident records in excess of 50,000 man-days, or 200 working days, arc invited for this page Continental Oil Company For the lirst rime all units of the Menu I'ncturing Department of the Continental Oil Company (13 in all) have worked to gether through an entire month without a lost-time accident. The period covers a total of 2117.06.) man-hours, worked l>> 1.122 employees. OX the 13 units, only three, however, have sustained lost-tinnaccidents since January 1, 1931: one. re linery having three and two others one each. For the first ipiarter of. the year tlte frequency rate was 9.4 and the se verity rate .OS. miMi, has worked 1-0 working days with out a lost-time accident. The record ,-overs 11S.406 man-days, or 947.24* manhours'. The Northern division or' tin* sann* i-ompnny on February J4 had completed a record ot* 219 -working days, or .17'Umi* man-hours, without a lost-time accident. A previous record by the same division covered 214 working days, and ended .on March 17. llOi. Union Carbide and Carbon Corp. Frequency ot* disabling accidents among the plants or* this corporation, according to Jesse J. Ricks, president, in 1930 was approximately mie-tNmrth or* the average recorded in national industrial statistics. Several major plants have operated through three or more consecutive years without a lost-time accident. . Twentytwo plants operated .through tie* year FKbV without an accident '-ausiug lost Mine. The .'l,5.*)0 employees <r* the-a* plants worked a total or' d.'oas,oiiii safe man-hour- during the year. IRON AGE SAFETY SHOES Central States Congress i THE GREATEST Dayton Power and Light Company Tlte electric operating division of the Dayton Power and Light Company, with 020 employees, has worked from Novem ber 13, 1930, to March 13, 1931. a total of .340,312 man-hours, without a lost-time accident. This division includes generat ing stations, overhead and underground distribution, construction and mainte nance, meter, test, street lighting, and some miscellaneous departments, including garage. Peter Cailler Kohler Swiss Chocolates Co. To celebrate the completion of an en tire year without a lost-time accident, the employees of the Peter Cailler Kohler Swiss Chocolates Company. New York City, held a safety rally on February 23. The accident-free' year represents a total of 1,100,000 man-hours of work. Employees were presented with cash re wards and other prizes. A playlet illus trated the expeditious manner in which `Old Man Carelessness" had been ushered nut of each department in the plant dur ing the year. One of the factors in the safety campaigns has been a notorious "brown derby" which it has been the prac tice to present to the department suffering the last lost-time accident, but the dust has gathered on this emblem of inefficiency and opprobrium. The plant won a certifi cate of merit from the Associated Indus tries of Mew York for a perfect record in the last state-wide safety contest. Shell Petroleum Corporation The Indiana-Illinois Division of the Shell Pipe Line, with an average of 121 employees, operated from September, 1929, to March 1, 1931, without a lost-time acci dent. The period covered a total of 495,406 man-hours. On March 25, accord ing to W. M. Shelly, division manager, the record was still unbroken, and the em ployees have every intention of adding another completely safe year. Standard Oil Company of California The Southern division of the Standard Gasoline Company, with a force of 987 MAY, 1931 Held In St. Louis OF THEM ALL Tin- Fifth Annual Central States Safe ty Congress was held in tit. Louis, Mo., at the Hotel Statler ou April 13 and 14, un der auspices of the tit. Louis Safety Council and numerous cooperating organi zations, including the National Safety j Council and its various sections. Approximately nine hundred delegates from .Missouri, Illinois and neighboring states took an active part in the multi- featured program. In addition to a gen eral session on Monday morning, a Central states Luncheon, a special Public Officials j Luncheon, and a large banquet session on the final evening, twelve sectional and divisional sessions' were arranged to deni with phases of the safety problem of ' particular interest to various groups. TRON AGE SAFETY SHOES with' Longwcar Leather or Grocord Soles. Non-Metallic safety box or steel box. Our Grocord Sole Safety Shoes have reduced slipping accidents to a minimum. Recommended especially for use in On Monday sessions were held for the Public Utilities Section, the Construction STEEL MILLS Section, the Clay Produets Section, the ; Small Plants Section,.a Home Safety Ses- i IRON FOUNDRIES sion, and an Advanced Safety Engineer GAS AND ELECTRIC PLANTS ing Session sponsored by the Engineering 1 Division of the St. Louis Safety Couneil. ! This session was given over to n discus- . sion of the conference method of promot ICE AND FUEL STATIONS STONE QUARRIES ing safety. On Tuesday sessions were held for the COAL MINES Petroleum Section, the Packers, Tanners , and Shoe Making Section, the Metal and , Metal Working Section, n Street and High- | way Traffic Session, a School Safety Ses- I Three different distinctive types -- Dress, Medium sion and an Industrial Round Table Session. ! Weight and regular Service On the program of the opening general session were Mayor Victor J. Miller of shoes. In stock for immedi St. Louis, James S. Kemper, president of the Lumbermen's Mutual Casualty Company, whose paper was read in his ab ate delivery. Results of competitive tests furnished sence, Louis A. Crittendon, W. W. Kimball Company, Chicago, and W. H. Cameron, on request. managing director, National Safety Coun cil. The banquet on Tuesday evening was Write for catalog. Samples shipped promptly. addressed by Carl W. Bergquist, president of the National Safety Council, and John H. Childs & Co., Inc.Temple Graves II, of Birmingham, Ala.. who was the principal speaker at the open ing session of the Nineteenth Annual Established rSi/ Safety Congress. 813 Penn Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. 84 The Bulletin Board Conducted by $TAN KERSHAW A page devoted to the problems of the men who maintain the show windows of the safety movement Modernize Your Board /mm FTER all. a -safety bulletin I loan I A is a form of advertising and as Mirh deserves rlie same careful study that is givin m the siieees>.ful atten tion gening advertisements in maga Ml zines. on billboards and in oilier places. \W arc living in an age of great progre-s and in advertising, espe cially. those who would lie successful 3 -------------- must be up-to-the-minute. There fore. it seems fitting to suggest that the safer'- bulletin board be kept in pace with progress by giving it a lit tle touch of the modrrnc. Fortunately, modern designs need not bring about complications in con struction so it is not a costly matter mu mi to make use of them in building home-made bulletin boards. Several suggested designs are illus trated on this page. Tf it were pos sible to show them in color the effects would he far more interesting. Some of the designs suggest the use of bril liant colors while others would prob ably bo best if finished in flat black with trimmings of aluminum or bronze paint. " Facts About the Company HE historic background of the Tcompany,' the uses to which its products are put, facts about the raw materials which go into these prod- ets and briefs about the economics jf the industry are items that will help to keep the safety bulletin board interesting. .. For Individual Distribution (See Poster No. 4194) NEW departure from the ordi A nary poster service is offered in Poster Mo. 4194 which calls for the furnishing of individual copies to the workers that they might take them home to work out the puzzle picture. Here is an opportunity to extend an effective safety service to the home of every worker.. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Posters for June Make your selection from these pages N THIS and succeeding O pages are shown small single color reproductions privileged to order a certain num ber of posters during the year with out extra charge. This yearly allot of forty-one posters preparedmefonrt is based upon the number of distribution during the current employees. It provides for 300 post month. All of these posters will be er units for each $25 of member available to members in any .desired ship dues. A 9x12 poster counts as quantity during the ensuing 90 days. one unit, and a large two-color Under the terms of membership each active industrial member is poster as four units. The following table shows the complete schedule of dues with allotments of poster units. month, select the posters they desire and place their order, using our spe cial form, which will be sent on re quest. poster Catalog In addition to 41 posters published each month, we have selected 783 posters issued in past years and which have proved so popular that they are carried in stock. Ask for our .1930 Poster Catalog. Employees Dues X to 50....._____$ 12.50 51 to 150............- 25.00 151 to 600.-.._____ 50.00 601 to 1,200.... ......... 75.00 1,201 to 2,000....._____ 100.00 2,001 to 3,000.... _____ 125.00 3,001 to 5,000.....____ 150.00 5,000 to 10,000.....____ 200.00 10,000 or more...... ........ 250.00 News 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 Units 150 300 600 900 1,200 1,500 1,800 2,400 3,000 KEEP YOUR GOGGLES in me Extra posters will be supplied at cost, under either of these plans: RIGHT PLACE Plan 1. The member authorizes' us to bill him for $5 for which we establish a credit of 300 poster units to be ordered as needed. Plan 2. The member authorizes us to bill him for each separate shipment of excess posters at the fol nati'o'nai safety council 4192-B 4193-C 17x23 inches 25x38 inches 4 units 8 units lowing prices: Small First 100 ................................. $4.00 Additional quantities, each.. .01 Large $6.00 .04 e recommend that members re view the miniature illustrations each N AT I O N A L S A`F!E*T Y "C*0 U N CWPC 4185-B 17x23 inches 4 units MAY, 1931 Electrotypes may be purchased from the National Safety Council for $1 each D0YQJU KNOW THE WAY TO SAFETY? 4189-B 17x23 inches 4 units FIND THE RIGHT PATH AND FOLLOW IT NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 4194 9x12 inches 1 unit For Individual Distribution HE THOUGHT IT #A$ SAFE. 4191-D 12x18 inches 2 units NATIONAL SAFETY' COUNCIL 4190 9x12 inches 1 unit NAT IO N A L SAFETY 'COUN eTC 4198 9x12 inches 1 unit 4240-D 12x18 inches 2 units NATIONAL SAFETY 4195 9x12 inches COUNCIL 1 unit Electrotypes may be purchased from the National Safety Council for $2 each TWs msfli* quite chummy with hi* feck of alligators but Just the me be is ndghly cautious as he stmts about among them. A misplaced step here would be just too bad* There would be fewer fall. {n Industry if men would eserdse a little more watchfulness amTcauUoA as they go about thesr work. Remember, about I *.000 people are killed through falls each year. Watch where you walk-- and do your part in keeping alliesand passageways clear. Misplaced objects are sometimes just as dangerous as angry alligators! N AT IONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 4196 9x12 inches 1 unit NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS E. 444 9x12 inches 1 unit 2328 9x12 inches 1 unit P. U. 444 9x12 inches 1 unit MAY, 1931 Electrotypes may be purchased from the National Safety Council for $2 each THE FIRST PART &jt THE JOB IS TO FASTEN THE SKID-PEATE SECURELY MEN PREVENT ACCIDENTS DURING 1926 ONE OUT OF 13 105T TIME FROM INJURY DURING 1930 ONE PETROLEUM WORKER AMONG EACH 22 SUSTAINED A LOST TIME INJURY JUNE IS THE FINAL MONTH OF THE 1931 PETROLEUM SECTION CONTEST PREVENT ACCIDENTS AND MAKE 1931A BETTER YEAR THAN 1930 N AT t O N A L SAFETY ' COUNCIL 4201 9x12 inches 1 unit N AT I O N A t S A F 6 T Y COUNCIL 4229 9x12 inches 1 unit 2532 9x12 inches 1 unit Electrotypes may be purchased from the National Safety Council for $2 each P. &P. 226 9x12 inches 1 unit NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS S9 2281 9x12 inches 1 unit 1932 9x12 inches 1 unit Lu. 61 9x12 inches 1 unit CLEANUP , FUR SAFETY NATIONAL SAFETY COW-N.CIL 4203 9x12 inches 1 unit 2372 9x12 inches 1 unit N X.T I O N A L SAFETY B3 COUNCIL 4206 9x12 inches 1 unit MAY, 1931 Electrotypes may be purchased from the National Safety Council for $2 each :i(l TRADE PUBLICATIONS For Your Coming Events Safety Equipment Library * VERY Safety Executive should Associations featuring safety in their programs art Invited to send dates of meetings have for ready refereace up-to- date information on all types of equip May 1, Rockford, 111. ment relating to safety and industrial health. We will gladly help you build your Safety Equipment Library. The publications listed below will be sent free and without obligation to readers of NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS. , Check the items you wish; fill out cou Fourth Annual Rock River Valley Safety Conference. J. H. Lee, secretary, Rockford Industrial Safety Council, 5011 Swedish-Amerlcaii Bank Bldg., Rockford, >' 01. May 4-6, Richmond, Va, Mine Inspectors' Institute of America. Annual Meeting. Secretary, C. A. .McDow ell, safety and personnel manager, Pitts Damp, wet places, or where acid is used, call for DAVENPORT Wood Sole Shoes pon and mail this advertisement to us. burgh Coal Companv, Box (54, Pittsburgh. Pa. J Industrial Medicine and Surgery A non-technical, well illustrated, 26-page booklet pertaining to the treat- , ment of occupational injuries. Abbott | Laboratories. ; -- Personal and Mechanical Pro- . --J tective Equipment. General cata May 8, Houston, Tex. .Southwestern Regional Safety Confer ence. W. R. Moncure, manager. Safety . Department, Chamber of Commerce, i Houston, Tex. May 11-14, Toronto, Ont. National Fire Protection Association. ! Annual Meeting. Franklin H. Wentworth, Actual use has proved their worth in such places as: Packing plants Paper mills Creameries Motor car plants Ice cream plants Stamping mills Foundries Paint plants Steel Mills Varnish plants log covering extensive line of safety, 1 managing director, 60 Batterymareh Street. 1 sanitation and fire prevention equip- j Boston, Mass. Protect Your Workers' Feet ment. American Allsafe Company, Inc. May 19-22, Boston, Maas. I | Safe Walkways. A 10-page pam- ! Association of Governmental Officials in Write for catalogue Industry. Annual Meeting. Secretary, phlet describing modern methods and equipment for reducing the slip Louise E. Schutz, Industrial Commission, ping and tripping hazard of ordinary 1 St. Paul, Minn. walkway surfaces. American Abrasive i May 20, Fond du Lac, Wis. F. J. STAHMER SHOE CO. Davenport Iowa Metals Company. Fox River Valley Safety Conference. 3] Industrial Eye Protection. Cata log and price list on complete line of industrial goggles, helmets and face shields. American Optical Company. , 33 Mechanical Lifters. Well illus trated 24-page catalog on portable electric and hand power lifters, steel storage racks and special trucks. ' Economy Engineering Company. --I Mine and Industrial Safety Equip. -- ment. A comprehensive catalog of 158 pages setting forth a most com plete line of safety products. Mine Safety Appliances Company. j | Ladders and Scaffolding. An in- I teresting catalog of the develop- I ments in safety ladders, scaffolding 1 and appliances. Patent Scaffolding Company. [3 Industrial Lighting. Describes pro cedure in designing a lighting sys tem with recommended standards. Also information on diversified indus trial lighting equipment. Westinghoiise Electric & Manufacturing Com pany. F. W. Hainer, secretary, Fox River Valley and Lake Shore Safety Council, Fond du Lac, Wis. May 21, Erie, Pa. i Sixth Annual Northwestern Peunsyl- ; vania Safety Conference. S. M. Xippincott, secretary, Erie Safety Council, 80S Commerce Bldg.. Erie, Pa. , June 26-26, Duluth, Minn. Thirteenth Annual Convention, Lake Superior Mining Section, National Safety ; Council, F. S. Crawford, 226 New Federal j Bldg., Duluth, Minn. I June 27-July 4, Los Angeles, Calif. National Education Association of the ]United States. Annual Meeting. Secre- tary, J. W. Crabtree, 1201 16th Street, ! Washington, D. C. j Sept. 14-17, Montreal, Que. American Public Health Association, Annual Meeting. Acting executive secre tary, W. Frank Walker, 370 Seventh Ave., New York City. Sept. 26-Oct. 2, Atlantic City, N. J. American Electric Railway Association, Fiftieth Annual Convention. G. C. Heeker, secretary, 292 Madison Ave., New York City. October 6-9, Toronto, Ont. w ww Safe to use- no noxious fumes OyY' ATERIALS that give d v off noxious fumes, are dangerous. They menace the health and safety of your em ployees. Eliminate such hazards wher ever cleaning is done. Oakite materials are non - volatile, non - flammable non - explo sive ... do every cleaning job speedily, thoroughly and at low cost. Let us send you complete in,c formation on the Oakite ma lt' terials and methods best It' suited to your work. No obli gation. *1 ' Oakite Service Men, cleaning special ists, are located in leading industrial centers of V, S. A, and Canada. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 20 N. Wacker Drive, Chicago Please send me the publication# Z have checked: National Recreation Association, An nual Congress. Secretary, Howard S. Braucher, 315 Fourth Ave., New York City. Manufactured only by OAKITE PRODUCTS, INC. 14D Thames Street, New York, N. Y. ne ...................................................... . ...................... .... idle .........................v................................................ .................... Compn> .................................. ................................................... Address October 12-16, Chicago, III. National Safety Council, TWENTIETH ANNUAL SAFETY CONGRESS. W. H. Cameron, managing director, 20 North Wacker Drive. Chicago. 1 IndustrialQeamngMaterialsmeMeihods ft ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Hi With the Manufacturer Manufacturer* are invited to tend in announcements of new products, or improved special features. Only items which can be considered as "news" to our readers will be published TRI-POD FLAG STANDARD Thr UVU lloii-r Bearin'.' Tri P-xl [-'ini' '"landard lias jiist been pinned nn tinmarket by the Industrial Pruduei> 0*'.. .iTii!) Old Virk Iioad. Philadelphia. Pa. 't i df<igiivd fur right and iuit orbits. Tii< manufacturer claims this design aft'urd.- :i loser lit which reduces the eye hazards >: welding hy protecting against stray ray' it' injurious light, sparks, etc. It is claimed that the combination of larger lenses and lower eyeeups permits increased vision. Other improvements in orporated are: a new type ball chain bridge, allowing permanent adjustment: a uiie-piecc hcadhaiul and deeper side shields. A broadside 1ms been issued de scribing this line in detail. Copies will lie sent to interested in(|uirers. * NEW "HARD-BOILED" HAT A new line of flexible "Hard Boiled" lints and caps, is announced by the E. D. Bullard Company, San Francisco, Cali fornia. This increased flexibility, they claim, not. only permits the hat to fit itself to the wearer's head, but also affords better protection from falling rocks, as the force of the blotv is absorbed by the hat. '.! j`-Lru l;t r o r !ur the water in i lu* c<bi>. tin- -.team enters the heater, it give- j|* it- ii<`at to the water, and rtuuien.M-i* into a. drain. It is claimed that reducing ;n\es are unnecessary, as the steam inUowmi to expand at atmospheric pres sure, thus avowing danger of raising the Although collapsible, it is a complete' unit, with no detached parts. It is.oper ated on the roller bearing principle, and is so balanced, it is claimed, that it-will not blow over in a strong wind. Designed for use in warning of danger on streets and highways, as well as around industrial plants. The Industrial Products Company also announce that on June first they will move to their now offices at 800 West Somerset Street. * THE NEW AO DURAWELD GOGGLE A new type of welders' goggle with an atomically shaped evecups is announced by the Safety Division of the American Optical Company, Southbridge, Mass. The nasal side of the eyccup is slanted in to follow the expansion of the nose, and. the temple sides are dared out to follow the forehead. The eyeeups are individually MAY, 1931 Another feature of this hat is a new hammoeking construction, consisting of four broad strips of heavy fabric, which increases the strength of the hat and im proves the ventilation, making it more comfortable to wear. ** STEWART SAFETY WATER HEATER An instantaneous water heater, devel oped to simplify water heating for indus trial use, is announced by the Donora Water Heater Co., Third St. and McKean Ave., Donora, Pa. This heater does not em ploy the reducing steam valve, thermo stat, or steam trap usually used, but is said to use methods which increase its safe operation. When the faucet is opened, water is ad mitted into pipes in the shell of the heater. By means of interlocking valves, steam is admitted at the same time into the heater shell, passing through a pro portioning valve which acts as a tempera water temperature to the point where it becomes live steam. This simplified construction, it is as serted, permits faster and more accurate action. Expense and danger usually con nected- with such- devices, is avoided, the manufacturer claims, because there are no complicated working parts. *** A NEW SAFETY CLUTCH A new friction clutch, the Super-John son Clutch, is announced by the Carlyle Johnson Machine Co., Manchester. Conn. The clutch is set to slip at definite over loads to protect the machine from damage while in operation, so they claim. It can be run dry if desired, as the friction ring is faced with a special heatresisting material to avoid burning. It is claimed that the operator is protected if he should attempt to repair the machine before it has completely stopped, as the dutch can be equipped with a stationary friction cup to brake or lock the shaft. Being round and smooth, there are no projections to injure the operator. * The Chicago Eye Shield Co.. 2300 War ren Bivd., Chicago, announce the appoint ment of James H. Reid as Vice-President. Mr. Reid will be in charge of the distribu tion of head and eye protection equip ment, including goggles, shields, helmets, masks, and. respirators. Tell your buyer | Injury to Artificial Leg I Wins Compensation HANDLE about this... IS ;m artilieial leg part of file body or just personal property? The : BARRELS quickly, safelyj supreme court of the state of Cali- I fornia has upheld the Industrial Ac- i cident Commission in a decision that , has attracted considerable attention. and easily. A teamster whose artificial leg was Saves its cost in less than a month. broken in the course of employment , A heavy barrel may now be handled was awarded compensation and , as easily as a lawn mower. Push it or "medical attention.'' i. e. a new leg. on tiie theory that he could not work j pull it anywhere. Less tiresome and safer. without the replacement and that the j PROTECTED nozzle above overflow * line. Solid Hood cannot be opened. insurance company's argument of personal property was untenable. Takes only a Drip from orifice in Hood cannot fall on nozzle. Hood so constructed that orifice is amply guarded. Filter easily removed for cleaning. Nozzle contains automatic stream regu lator. Volume control regulator pro tected against tampering. Self-closing valve. Fifty fountain designs Ask for catalog PURO Sanitary Drinking Fountain Co. 33 Main St. HaydenvHfe, Mass. STATEMENT OF THE OWNERSHIP. MAN- I AGEMENT, CIRCULATION, ETC., RE- ' QUIRED BY THE ACT OF CONGRESS OF AUGUST 24, 1912. OF XATION'AT. SAFETY XEWR. published monthly at Chicago. ill., for April 1, 1931. State of Illinois, County of Cook, ss. Before me. a Notary in and for the Stab* and county aforesaid, personally appeared tv. H. Cameron, who, having been duly sworn according' to law. deposes and says that he Is the business manager of the NATIONAL SAFETY" NEWS and that the following* is. to the best of his knowledge and belief, a true statement of the ownership, management (and if a daily paper, the cir culation), etc., of the aforesaid publication for the date shown in the above caption, re quired by the Act of August 24, 1912, em bodied in section 443, Postal Laws and Regu lations, printed on the reverse side of this form, to-wit: second or two to attach or detach Write for details and price C. DOERING & SON, Inc. 1377 W. Lake St., Chicago, III. 1. That the names and addresses of the publisher, editor, managing editor and busi DRY-CLEAN ness managers are: Publisher--National Safety Council, Chi Your Floors and Walls cago. Editor--C. T. Fish. Chicago. Managing Editor--None. Business Manager--YV, H. Cameron, Chi cago, 2. That the owners are: National Safety Council, an association-- O. W. Bergquist, president, Chicago, 111.; G. E. Sanford, vice-president, Schenectady, X. Y.: J. I. Banash, vice-president, Chicago, III.: C. L. Close, vice-president, New York City. X. Y.; George Opp, vice-president. Detroit, Mich.; C. T. Hellmuth. vice-president, Chi cago, HI.; Edward Dana, vice-president. Bos ton, Mass.;. John E. . Long, vice-president, Albany. X, Y.: A. W. Whitney, vice-presi dent, New York City, N. Y.; Dr. C.-E. A. Winslow, vice-president, New Haven, Conn.: Harvey Ellerd, treasurer, Chicago, III.; W. H. Cameron, managing director and secretary, Chicago, 111. 3. That the known bondholders, mortga gees, and other security holders owning or holding 1 per cent or more of total amount of bonds, mortgages, or other securities are: Xone. 4. That the two paragraphs next above giving the names of the owners, stockholders, and security holders, if any, contain not only the list of stockholders and security holders THE Kent Vacuna vacuum cleaner is just the thing for cleaning floors and as they appear upon the books of the com pany, but also. In cases where the stock holder or security holder appears upon the walls in your plant that cannot be cleanedbooks of the company as a trustee or. in any with water. other fiduciary relation, the name of the person or corporation for whom such trustee It is efficiently light in weight, compact and portable--yet is unusually powerful Is acting, Is given; also that the said two paragraphs contain statements embracing affiant's full knowledge and belief as to the and large in capacity. Being the simplest cleaner built, its sturdy construction with stands the strain of industrial cleaning. circumstances and conditions under which stockholders and security holders who do not appear upon the books of the company as trustees, hold stock and securities In a Special attachments for cleaning walls capacity other than that of a bona fide and reaching difficult spots are also avail able. owner; and this affiant has no reason to believe that any other person, association or corporation has any interest direct or .Let us tell you more about Kent--the indirect In the said stock, bonds, or other securities than as so stated by him. tter cleaner. W. H. CAMERON, Write for latest information Managing Director. Sworn to and subscribed before me this The Kent Company, Inc. 23rd day of March. 1931. MYRTLE H. MOLLAN, 141 Canal St. Rome, N. Y. Notary Public. My commission expires September 19, 1931. WALL products Lower in price than ever before. Wall Blow Torches and Furnaces a real Economy in in-, dustry. Anew line.. A complete line of newly devel oped Wall prod ucts designed to serve most ex acting require ments. Write for Catalog. a NEW LOW PRICE P.WalIMfg.SupplyCo. /MfVi 3126 Preble Ave., N. S. 1 SUPERIOR/ Pittsburgh, Pa. MjOOUCTJ/ ^Service With Safety*7 NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS INDEX T O ADVERTISERS 93 Eye Protection for only 55C WITH Tins 2TEW ERA SPECIAL Wide-Vision Safety Qoggle Industry gives its most enthusiastic en dorsement to New Era's Safety Gog gle No. 420R--the most comfortable style on the market. Its thick bent clear lenses give wide vision; and its lightweight rubber-cushioned aluminum frame is com fortably form-fitting. This goggle is espe cially suitable for grinders, drillers, brass turners, etc. Lenses are replaceable. Each....................55c Dozen......................$0.00 The same goggle 1* available also with flat non-shatterable and replaceable lenses--No. 620R Each................. $1.00 Dozen...................$10.00 Industrial organisations inter ested m more economical pur chasing of safety goggles are invited to send for illustrated literature describing our ex tensive line . . . We guarantee to save you money. NEW ERA OPTICAL CO. Dept. 25--17 N. Wabash Ave.,Chicago BUY FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Direct From Manufacturer and Save Money The General Manufacturing Co. .Manufacturers of Fire Extinguishers and Allied Products 4127 Forest Park Blvd., St. Louis, Mo FOR SAFETY USE Murray Safety Slings THEY DO NOT KINK Murray Boatswains* Safety Chairs MAKE SUSPENSION JOBS SAFE WRITE FOR FOLDERS MURRAY SAFETY SLING CO. INC. 33 WATER ST. PITTSBURGH, PA. MAY, 1931 I Abbott Laboratories | American Abrasive Metals Co American La France & Foamite Corp American Mason SafetyTread Co American Optical Co.. ...... , American Telephone &Telegraph Co - 8 7 35 8 4.5 45 I Bernhard, Robert A ,, Buhrke Co., R. H , , , Bullard-Davis, Inc , Bullard, E. D., Co . 58-78 74 37 .2 | Burroughs-Wellcome &Co., (U. S. A.), Inc. 43 I Central Shoe Co .............. Chicago Eye Shield Co. . Childs & Co., Inc., H. Chippewa Shoe Mfg. Co ............ Clements Mfg. Co ................ 7 55 ; 83 .. . 63 ` 77 Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc Doering & Son, C..................... Durable Mat Co............. ...... . . 37 92 93 Ellwood Safety Appliance Co Ebinger Sanitary Mfg. Co.. D. A . Elliott Service Co., Inc . j Endicott-Johnson Corp. .. j Erdle Perforating Co ... . | Fairway Laboratories, Inc . 68 I 60 , 59 i 71 1 77 j .... 66 j j Federal Electric Co............... Finnell Systems, Inc............................................... 72 1 67 General Manufacturing Co............................... 93 Harrington & King Perforating Co Holcomb Safety Garment Co.......... Hynson Westcott & Dunning, Inc ... 64 ............ 56 ........... 69 Industrial Products Company 73 Justrite Mfg. Co...... .......... .......... .......................... 76 Kent Co., Inc.................................. Kidde & Co., Walter.............................. Klein & Son, Mathias..... . .. _ . . ... 92 -.51 .... .... 54 Lima Cord Sole and Heel Co ............................65 Mine Safety Appliances Co.... Murray Safety Sling Co............. 33-52 ....... 93 National Carbide Sales Corp . . National Safety Council............... Never Slip Safety Clamp Co............. New Era Optical Co....................... New York Silicate Book Slate Co Nissly, Walter S............................... Norwich Pharmacal Co. , .... 82 39-61-90 . . 78 ... 93 . . . 78 69 . 53 Oakite Products, Inc.________ _____________ ___ 90 Orrsell Co., Inc., The................. -..... w......... .. 75 Patent Scaffolding Co.............................................. 49 Phototone Equipment Corp. of America........ 71 Protectoseal Co. .......................... 57 Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp....................... 3 Puro Sanitary Drinking Fountain Co......... . 92 Pyrene Manufacturing Co...................... 63 Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co.............. .................. 72 Rohn Shoe Mfg. Co................................................... 93 Rundle-Spence Mfg. Co.................................... 80 Safety Clothing Co................................ 81 Safety First Supply Co............. Inside Back Cover Safety Wrench & Appliance Co............................ 76 Schavoir, F. H............ ......... ........................ ...... . 82 Schiff & Co., Leon.................................................. 80 Schwenk Safety Device Corp...... . 70 Smith & Co., D. B.......................................... ........... 82 Stahmer Shoe Co., F. J............................................ 90 Standard Safety Equip. Co......Inside Front Cover Stonehouse Signs, Inc......................... .................... 73 Taylor Co., Halsey W.................. ..................... 74 Taylor Chain Co., S. G............................................ 62 Taylor-Sbantz Co. ............................... 62 Torchweld Equipment Co........................................ 67 Trico Fuse Mfg. Co.................................................... 80 Wall Mfg. Supply Co., P.......................... ............. 92 West Disinfecting Co................... 47 Westinghouse Electric & Mfg. Co..................... 4.1 Wheeler Mfg. Co., F. H................ ......................... 79 Wiesman Mfg. Co........... ........................................... 82 Williamsport Wire Rope Co................................. 96 Willson Products, Inc....................... .............. I Wittek Manufacturing Co------- - . . ........... 80 "ON THE SPOT" ADURABLE Safety-Mat "on the spot" may save the life of a workman, or an expensive injury claim. Your employees need not worry about slipping if Dur able Safety Mats are "on the spot.'' They can focus all their attention on their work. This means fewer ac cidents and better produc tion. Write noiv for complete details Durable Mat Company 764 Miami St. Akron..Ohio 2924 16th Ave.. S. W. Seattle, Wash. DOUBLE PURPOSE SAFETY TOE SHOES THE Rohn No. 100 Black Calf Blucher is a dual purpose shoe. Ruggedly built for hard service, it has street-wear appearance. Full lining, arch support construction, and rubber heels assure comfort. Double leather soles and Goodyear welt construction preserve its strength. And the famous Rohn Safe-Toe protects the feet. Three new medium-priced styles are now available. They have all the standard Rohn features -- Goodyear welt, built-in arch support, and the Rohn Safe-Toe. A Brown Elk Blucher, Black Kip Blucher, and Black Kip Blucher Oxford. In Stock Shoes and Oxfords B to E widths. Sizes 5 to 12 Write for Catalog. Rohn Shoe Mfg. Co. 512 Wat Florid. St. Milwaukee, Wit. The Buyers' Service All firms listed below are advertisers in this issue A Accident Prevention Service <*'-. hi\ \,.ti m.iI >jrty r*iuiuil Anemometers M ii'- S.ci'-n A| [.h.ui- % >' Aprons I. I). Bullard V U,ni.' K|Ui;mvir In*'. lful''0!nl) Saivty Garim-m Co. in lii.-virul Prelum Co. Mine SaJvtv Apph.mcvi Ci. Saiety Equipim-m > S**japf-oitvv Ki 'Uiutitil'uiuiigt'mCoS. i rv:cv t.v Satety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment t o. Wheeler Mfg. ``o.. F. H. Arm Protectors K. D. Bullard Cu. II.nU KmcrgoWy l-:>(Ul;/iii<-ir <*" . Ill'-, 11 ul'Miii!) Satctv Gatmeiil Co. Mini* Saiety Appliances Co. !*ulmuaan Safety Equipment C"rp. Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Sen.te Co. Satety Flr*t Siipplv Co. Standard Satet\ Equipment Co. Wheeler Mr**. Co.. F. H. B Badges and Buttons Mine Saiety Ai'idi-iin i Co. Barrel Movers {*. Iioerin* A* Son Belts-- Linemen's H. H. Bubrki* Co. K. I). Bullard Co. Davis Emergency Equipment c*-. file. Industrial Products Co. Klein. Mathias & Son. Mine Safety Appliance.-. Co. I'ulraosan Safety Equipment Corn. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Belts--Safety It. H. Jhihrke Co. R D. Bullard Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Ihtlmosan Safety Equipment Corp. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Blackboards New York SlUcate Book Slate Co. Blankets--Fireproof E. D. Bullard Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosaa Safety Equipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co., F. H. Blowers--Portable Electric Clements Mfg. Co. Blow Torches Wall Mfg. Supply Co., P. Buckets, Hoisting R. H. Buhrke Co. E. X>. Bullard Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co,, Inc. Industrial Products Co. Bulletin Boards E. 0. Bullard Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. New York Silicate BookSlate Co. Pulmosan Safety EquipmentCorp. Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. C Carboy Tilters Srjitt eliK I- li-v. i* Ip Car Blockers 1u<Iu>itU1 1*0 Sa;e*v j*ir-t Supply Co. Standard Sanqy Equipim'ir c - Car Movers Iiidu*tri.il lVHiucts (`ii. sundaru Satety |\tnty<m*M t'>' Car Step Treads -Satet} \iif. ru\cn Atira-iivi- Metal- <`i. A'ii.-n-Mii M.i-i-n S.-tie'yTread t D.ai-. l-rmi-rgriicy Equipne-ir c Inc. . Carbon Monoxide Detectors ,\[:m* Safety Appliance. Chain--Factory T.ivljr Chain Co.. S. G. Chairs--Safety Boatswain Murray Safety Sling OV. ha*. Chip and Spark Guards Chicago E.ve Shield Co. Davis Emergency Kquti'iiH-ur Co. Inc. Industrial Product* Co. standard Safety Equipment C <. Clamps and Sockets Never Slip Safety Clamp C.i, Cleaning Compounds Oakite Producta, Inc. Clothing for Industrial Work ers--See Aprons, Caps. Gloves. Hand Leathers. Leggings. Overalls. Shoes. Clothing, Weatherproof Dhvh Kmewney Equipment Co.. I ne. Industrial Prudum Co. Mine Safety AppliancesCo. D Disinfectants and Deodorants Ablwtt Laboratories West Disinfecting Co. Drinking Fountains ITal-iey W. TayJur Co. I'uru Sanitary Drinking J'nunta.n Co. Iltmdle-Spenre Mfg. Co. E Elevator Safety Devices Dsvls Emergency Equipment Co.. Ino. Emblems E. D. Bullard Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Eye Shades--Xon*Breakable Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Chicago Eye Shield Co. E. D. Bullard Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Expanded Metal FWle Perforating Co. Harrington & King Perforating Co. Explosive Containers Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Industrial Products Co. Justrlte Mfg. Co. Protectoseal Co. Mina Safety Appliances Co. F Films or Slides For Rent and Sale National Safety Council Finger Protectors luoago Kve Shield ( ). K. D. Bullard (V Davis Emergency Kquij iuen; . Inc. Mine Safety Appliances c., Satety Clothing Co. Saiciv Equipment Stvicc Co. Fire Alarms American LaFrance A Foamite t>rp. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Fire Extinguishers American LaFrance A. L'-amnc Corn. K. D. Bullard Co General Mfg. Co. Walter Kldde & Co., Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pvrcnc Mfg. Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Curt*. I>. B, Smith & Co. Fireproofed Clothing E. D. Bullard Co. Davis Emergency' Equipmem Co.. Tnc. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Mine Safety Appliance Co. Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co.. F. H. First Aid Equipment Abbott Laboratories Itob't A. Bernhard B. D. Bullard Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Burroughs - Wellcome & Co., 07. S. A.), Inc. Hynsoa Westeott and Dunning Industrial Products Co. Mina Safety Appliances Co. Norwich Pharmacal Co. Pulmosan SafetyEquipment Corp. Safety Equipment Service Co. safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. First Aid to Illness Ahlxitt Laboratories Burroughs - Wellcome & (E. S. A.), Inc. Fairway Laboratories. Tnc. Co.. Floor Machines Flnncll Systems. Inc. The Kent Co., Inc. Flags--Danger Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Flammable Vapor Indicators E. D. Bullard Co. Davia Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Mlno Safety Appliances Co. Flooring Materials--Safety American Abrasive Metals Co. American Xfasoa SafetyTread Co. American Pressed Steel Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Durable Mat Co., Inc. Safety First Supply Co. Flywheel Guards Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Ino. Erdle Perforating Co. Harrington A King Perforating Co. Foot Guards E. D. Bullard Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc. Ellwood Safety Appliances Co. - Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Fuse Pullers E. D. Bullard Co. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Trlco Fuse Mfg. Co. G Gas Detectors E. D. Bullard o. Dam Emergent >' Ino. Mine Safety Api-b.m- vs < o. v >. Germicides Abbott Laboratories Germicide -Cutting (hl Ablwm L.ilran*rn*s Wt-r Disinfecting (' Glass, Non-Shatterable Chicago Eye Shield Co. I'ulmiinn Sat**ty Equlimirutt'ori* Standard Safctj Equipment Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. Davis Emergency Equipim-ir t Inc. llolcomb Safety Garment C-< Industrial Protlurts Co. Mlno Safety Appliances Co. Bulmosan Safety Equipment t '> : Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Service C-* Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipineii: ( Wheeler Mfg. Co.. F. II. Hooks--C'haiti Slin-a Tayt*r Chain Co., S. C. Hooks, Linemen's Belt K. 1). Bullard Co. Davis Emergency Equipm.-it* Inc. Mine Saiety Ajiphamv% C - Glass--Safety. Mine SaMy Aiipliam'i-, Co. Safety Etiuipmem Seniot* Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co Gloves and Mittens K. 0. Bullard Co. Chicago Kye Shield ` o. Dai is Emergency E iuipiiieni Co., Tne.___ - , IlDlcotnb Safety Garment ( o. Industrial Vrodueta Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan Safety Equipment (rp. Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Service to. Safety First Supply Co. Siandanl Safety Equipment Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co., F. H- Hooks- Safety Hoi-dinu N*\-r siit> Safety clamp ('> Hospital Equipment DaImus*. Emergency Equitimi'i.' * E. II. Bullard Co. Burroughs-Welcome & Co. t L*. S. A.), Inc. Mini* Safety Appliances O', safety Equipment Servlet* c.i. Safety Firu Supply Co I Identification Labels The Orsell Co.. Ine. joggles Amerioan LaFrance fc Foamite Corp. American Optical Co. E. D. Bullard Co. Chicago Eye Shield Co. DaTrnisc. Emergency ^Equipment Co.. Industrial Products Co... Mlno Safety Appliances Co. New Era Optical Co. PuImosanSafetyEquipmentt orp. Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Willson Products. Inc. Gongs, Sirens. Horns and other signaling devices American LaFrance & Foamite Corp. B. D. Bullard Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Guards--Satety E. D. Bullard Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Erdle Perforating Co. Harrington & King Perforating Co. Industrial Products Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co, H Hand Cream TL D. Bullard Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. Mine Safety Appliances Co. InhaUtors American LaFrance & Foamite Corp. K. D. Bullard Co. Davis Emergency Equipment . Inc. Mine Safety Aupilanc,.-, Co. J Jointer Guards Davis Emergency Equipment (\i . Inc. Standard Safety Equipment ('*. L Ladders--Safety E. D. Bullard Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Patent Scaffolding Co. Safety First Supply Co. Ladder Shoes Davis Emergency Equipment cX, Ino. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Patent Scaffolding Co. Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Lamp Hangers Westlnghouse Co. Lamp Locks Mine Safety Appliances Co. Hand Leathers B. D. Bullard Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Ino. Holcomb Safety Garment Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Pulmosan SafetyShipment Corp. Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Service Co. Safety First Supply Co. Standard Safety Equipment Co. Wheeler Mfg. Co., F. H. Hats--Safety E. D. Bullard Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Ino. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety Pint Supply Co. Helmets American Optical Co. E. D. BuHardCo. Lamps--Safety R D. Bullard Co. Darla Emergency Equipment Co.. Die* Mine Safety Appliances Co. Lanterns--Electric American LaFrance & Foamite Cori>* B. D. Bullard Co. Industrial Products Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Lanterns--Mine Electric Safety E. D. Bullard Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. Safety First Supply Co. Leggings E. D. Bullard Co. Davis Emergency Equipment Co.. Inc. NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS 11<]<(; n (l.uin- ii' l Imiu.-tml Pnxluets Co. Mine Safmy Appliance? i I'nliiin.-aii Safety Kquipmcu' `u -safety Clothing Co. <ateiv Equipment Servfiv i' Safety Kir-t Supply t\j. Safety KqUii'mev. i UioHer Ml g *., F. II, Lighting--Fl'x.-d, P-nudc Naii>i:al c.t;i<sd*> S,t[- c. r. Lighting -- 1 n*l*irtr:a! UV'tln-Unm-i* Co. Linemen's Protectors F, D. Bullard Cn Daw* Ennr-tvM'y Kquu :i;> i.' * fuo. liultHtrlal Produci Co. Mine Safety Appliances Co. FuImos.ui Safety Kquipnii'U' * *:; Safety Equipment Semee Cm. Safety First .Supply Co. Standard Safety Kquipnin: Cm Linemen's Tool Bags It. FI. Rul.rke Co. I!. 1. Billiard Co. Daii* Kimrifenev I.'qtiii ne u' f I tie. IndU'lri.iI Fiudu.-* . __ Lockers and Hangers < 'Sothitur -atc*y l Hi: surph <' . M Masks American La France & Foam.'* Carp. E. D. Bullard Co. Chicago Eye .Shield Cm. Davis Emergency Equitm'ic t '> fnc. Fiulustrial Product? Co. Mine Safety Appliances (V. I'ulmosan Saferv Equipment Coil, Safety Clothing Co. Satety Equipment Semee Co. Safety First Supply t.'o. F. II. Sehavoir Standard Safety Equipment. C Mats--St.uiciing, Sstictv Durable Mat Co. Safety Fit't Supply Co. O Oil Cans IlK.\ttIiK* KBuuflnlajredlieCym.K`|Uipm<Ul! Inc. . i'1-tiv* \l:_. i Mire* Saletv A! t-thuic. t .............. . -e.iI n Oxygen Breathing Apparatus \iiii'ii.an LaFiaixv A- F'Miiii'e >! I '.i\i- i.n.' i ,. i . \ l..jiiii'ni'-ii' c lie U;i,. \m luir-' t ... P Pads kinM.!!* -at"'*. A; | h.tiu` Sat-'v m- Kunipmeii* t < lir-' Snpph c. Power Press Guards Daw- lamT^elx v Equipment C`. It Ch.eagM Kv Slot 1.1 Cm. Satety FiiM Equipment Cm si.imi.ttd Satety Equipim ip Cm TSaV\iI.m^m-Sahn.uMi?f?j.. C* '".. WV'.'k Mia. m. All.-TeMIl Oj|T,e.l! C.I. i:. I). BuJUrd Co. ctneagn Eye Shield c... Davl-t Etnerceni'y Knuu ii.- iit Inc. Industrial Prtvluets Co. Hyjela Respirator Co. Mine Safety AppliJiuv? Co Pulmo-san Safety E<iulpm`iit Cur; Safety Clothing Co. Safety Equipment Seni<'o Co. Satety Fitst Supply Co. Standard S.vte'v Hiu'.pnf't' HMI-mu I'p'diiets. ine. Resuscitation Equipment Uifriean LaFranee .v F'diir.C.tp i:. 1.K Bullard Co. Darts Etnergenry Ivpi.pnient t Iin\ Mine Safety Appltanees t'o Rock Dusters Mill'* Safety Appl.aif's Cm Rope - Wire* \Vil|i.inisjH>n Win* IlMj-e r<i. Prize Awards \| If \; i l! ill. Projectors l`;lm Atlterie.lI''i..kimi!. kimi'iiiiir ' u : Pyrotannic Detector iliw Saf.*t\ Aptili.in'-' c S Saw, Safety Mimt Safety Appliances Cm. Saw Guards lE'ia. \IU). EBmulelargrednCcyo.E<;mptnem. y. .. Tnc. Safety Eoulpment Service Co. Standard Safety Equipim-nt c ` R Rail Clamps ItuliMriu! l*rHtui-t> Cm. Safety Euulpmeiit SerMtv t`<i. Safety First Stipply Co. Standard Satety iviuiptuent (.'. Railroad Safety Devices in.iu.strtal Pf-ducis Co. Respirators American LiFrmuv A Fojmite Corp. Scaffolding Patent Scaffolding Co. Scrubbing Machines--Elcctrie Flnnell Systems. Inc. The Kent Company. Inc. Shaper Guards Davt>. Kmergeney Equipment C" . fur. Standard Safety Equipment Co, Shoe Soles-- Non-Slip Luna Cord Sole & Heel Co. Shoes . .r: 1 F :::<!% i:. Ii. BulI.trdFM. '"nir.il Sh'* t'.i. .1II. riiil'l* iV Iih*. 'I iphmv Shn* Mfg, l',m> Kni'TU'-iuy Kquiptifi.i c I IK*. I.'n In,ott*.l<iluH>n Con>. S.ilvty Appll.iifs ('*. \V""d'ii Sul,* Slh`<* c 'i. K'-Iill Sli<- Ml'g. ('>. **.tli'*v ('hilUuu ('** *MfUV lOllUMliiM.C S.-fTfe r vitrty I*ir*xt Supplv l`i. s< hi;!' A Cl . r.con l` .1. S*;ii.!lliT Sli<*** Cm. fi*..iI 1 ^ :- v I` jn.; III. I Signs K. D Bullard Co. hniii-tiial l*rcMln*t* Cn Mini- S.if.'iy Applumi-. cv Saf.uy Kqulpm.'ii' Sitvi-m S.uVtv F;r-t Supply <). standard S.ih*t\ K iuu im-ir ' >Mn'hM|*.` [if. Sirens l-iTi." & reunite c.,rp Slides -L t n * c - si A- cr f-Iiuh s:s.-o. Slings--( In it: Tar I* r Cham t S. i; Slings Su'cty \\::c R. >e 1Muit. % Sat'-n Shiu C". Surgical Dressings Mine Satety Appliime*s Co. Switchboard Mats and Floor ing Davis Emergent' Equipment (>>.. Ine. IndiHtual Priiduets Co. Safetv Fu>t Supply Co. T Tools--Linemen's E. I). Bullard Cm. Davis Emergency E-juii menl <' .. Inc. Klein, Mathia> & Son Tools \ 'j. , . * - I.' D Bull.;:.I < P'ltniM-ati l..,'!.; ii.. i, Traffic Markers X*<i--'h*' iH P. inWri.aMpii-.;->i \ Treads S.tiet \ Vifrfii A* mm;. M- 'C i \ue t ! .in M.,m.h S.,;. n T -,. ; D.OI* l>.mT.'eMe\ i; pu; :i>. 1/ i 111.', I"l|-.llt|. M.C , Trestles >.ihvi- - - Fp u: <. e| |. , Vacuum Cleaners. Portable* T: K-i.'i", lif W Wash Fountains D v ......... <, r m- Washers WI..-N i . - , n.- <*.<(id U : s.r. ". u ,-5 ; v,, i Waste Cans Aiuei lean LaFiuu.. .v. |' ,u. < orp. K. D. Billiard < I Ktu*. Km* i .fif\ I.. ; . i lin*. lU'trite Mia. r.j Mine Satety AKij..,iiies C * FuImo-.au S.itetv K*|u![ m>-u: ir Safety Equipment SeMK-et'M Standard Saf. y Epilpmeti' i Water Coolers Bundle Sjvn.v Mf^. <\i. Welding Equipment TMrehiud.i I>tuiiirnenr Cm, Window Cleaner Oakite Prulvu-ts. Inc. Wrenches- ILipper Car fnduitriai Frodin't-i C> Safety Efttiipmem Senh*''<* Safety First Supply Cm. Safeti' Wiotji'h v Appiun1 P Industrial Safety Market AS a service to our readers, we endeavor to maintain a complete list of the source of supply of all types of safety and allied equipment. If you do not find what you want in the advertising pages, send in the coupon below, and we will have forwarded to you without charge, or obligation, detailed information and catalogs on material to meet your requirements. National Safety News, 20 N. W*cker Drive, Chicago Please hare Forwarded to mo from Tarioos manufacturers, without charge, prices, catalogs, etc., on the following material: Specifications: (Be specific as to sise, capacity, quantity, etc., when prices are wanted.) Company ..............Address ............. ...... .. Your Name................ 96 with WILLIAMSPORT cables "'^/rOU are working in a job that puts wire rope to a supreme test--Why not be particular about your wire rope--Use Williamsport. Every wire is of uniform quality because of oiir process of manufacture. Send for our new data book and catalogue--just out. Williamsport Wire Rope Company Main office and works: Williamsport, Pa. General sales offices: Peoples Gas Building, Chicago NATIONAL SAFETY NEWS Quality in Design makes Diamond Boards easier to use, more effective in use. The remov able mounting board facilitates posting, while the blackened reverse side provides a display space on which special notices may be chalked if desired. The special ventilating feature prevents fogging of the glass. The scientific arrangement of the lighting makes the bulletins or plant notices always readable. Quality in Workmanship and Materials make Diamand Boards outstanding in service ren dered. The all-metal construction combines lightness with strength; the special enamel finish assures permanence. Mounted indoors or out. Diamond Boards call for a minimum of main tenance, render a brand of service that makes first cost practically last cost, and that causes many plants to consider the boards as a capital investment and not as an expense. The Number 28 Board illustrated above is 28" x 35" x 4". There is sufficient depth to display broken goggles, and similar practical safety lessons. The Number 33 Board, another popular model, is similar in general design, but has a gable roof. Standard lettering in the top panel is "Safety Bulletins" but any desired Uttering can be furnished at slight additional cost. Special boards are made under the same quality standards to your own specifications. May we send you prices? SAFETY PITTSBURGH--Brady Building FIRST SUPPLY COMPANY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT OF PROVEN MERIT ONLY General Offices: PITTSBURGH, PA. CLEVELAND--5713 Euclid Avenue MOItJB; IIK.VIIBAIVD TWISTING No waste of time setting slides, buckles, balls or catches This new nose bridge is SKU7 \IMISTL\G THINK of it! A nose bridge that adjusts The SELF-ADJUSTING FLEXIBLE Nose itself instantly and automatically to any Bridge permits the goggle cups to move with size or width of nose. A nose bridge that the muscles of the face. Easier on the face-- positively eliminates the necessity of twist more comfortable. And, for this reason it ing goggle cups and headbands to "take up" polls a big vote with the men on the job. for narrow noses ... or "let out" for wide \i> w <i> noses. Words can't take the place of performance in The new SELF-ADJUSTING FLEXIBLE Nose Bridge is a time-saver--a big timesaver. Why? Because it does away with the necessity for even thinking about adjust ment. Out of the carton--on the workman's face. Adjusts itself in the very act. Just as simple as that. No slides, catches, balls, or buckles to fuss with. No complicated parts. convincing you of the practical advantages of this important new feature of SuperDrednaut construction--a feature, may we emphasize, available only in Super-Drednaut Goggles. Give Super-Drednaut a trial right on the job. Mark your next goggle requisi tion: Super-Drednaut Goggles with the new SELF-ADJUSTING FLEXIBLE NOSE BRIDGE. But self-adjustment isn't the only virtue of this remarkable new nose bridge. Because of its flexibility, it ushers in a new degree of comfort. It doesn't pull or bind on the nose. SAFETY EQUIPMENT SERVICE COMPANY BUELL W. NUTT, President 1228 St. Clair Avenue, CLEVELAND, OHIO SUPER DREDNAUT