Document VJ2rBj1378a4vg6zppbvRxO98

Iw P&evitkiFc&titieiusithmpiiaia, anti oe rainbow 1rou.t> Om>rhynchits*$<&$$>t& pm tfm oa-gQiag s o t e ^^dsb^isrogftt, l^ p ftsp tit u tm tte w ii& v & d w 2--p^fl5arcJyl thajfofo acifi, 25-texMecSw^cKS-^eKRiaOTC acid, nda+perfluocodacanoc aei, T he chufoeetan, )apmta magno w as generally the: m ostaeosifiv especies tested followed byttegreeiisiga, m uM trotm erieik st sm itm , Raabew fimt Wbn: gtfi&fci less Sve tothfiaCtelomef ufis fesa file other tost species. The tssuKs o fth e acme deity tests spggesi foqi these perfkrm sted acids a re o f mdpra. uouem available efivrKmmsBtal exposure corteentrstlcmsthese data suggest that ihenerfawrinated acids tested pose Bute acute nsk for aquatic organisms. INTRODUCTION Perfluoroalkylaled substances (PFAS) are con ning a CoF2n+l group, or mixtures or formulations that contain such compounds, A wide range o f chemical structures fail w ithin this category including pei fluonnated acids that may ultimately reach the aquatic environment, either directly or as degradation products o f other perfluorinated compounds.: While environmental persistence and potential environmental degradation o f these compoundsare important areas o f research; the development o f aquatic hazard data for use m environment risk assessment is also important for those compounds that may reach aquatic ecosystems. REFERENCES Americas Society for Testingand Materials (ASTM). (1990). "StandardGuide forConductingStnlio96-h Toxicity Tests withMicroalgse' inASIMAnnualBookofStandards, El 218-90. Vol ]1.04. Philadelphia, PA. European Economie Communities (EEC) (1992). Directive 9169/EEC Anne*V, Pan C3, Algolinhibition Test Methodsf i r the Determination ofToxicity. Miller, W.E.; Greece, I.C.. Shiroyama, T. TheSelcnastrumaprtcomutum Primz Algal Assay Soule Test: US. Enviroomental Protection Agency; U.S. Government PrintingOflice; Washington, DC. 1978; EPA-6009.7&. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) (1984). 201. Effects cd Biotic Systems. Guidelinefor Testing ofChemimls. Alga.Graaah Inhibition Test. (' Orpalsantm for Economic Co-Opcmiioo and Development (OECD) (1984). 202. Effects on Biotic Systems. Guidelinefor Testing ofOtemlcals, Detphirfosp.Acute Immobilisation Testend Reproduction Test. Organisation for Economic Co-Operalion and Development (OECD) (1992). 203. EITecJson Biotic Systems. Guidelinefor Testing ofOiemlcab. Fish. Acute Tonicity Test. Smrohek, J., M. Zeeman andR. Clements. 1995. EratoxieoioRr and the assessment ofchemicals ntthe U.S. EPA'e Office ofrulluBon Prevention and Toxics: CtiiremActi.-itica and Future Needs, pp. 127.158 Making ErMronmentScience- J.R. Pralt. N. Bowers and J.R. Stauffer (Eds.). Ecoprinl. Portland. OR. 271pp. I 'w.'. .mi..,.a 2% ii . i wi . vtfs oaii. -J* *t.u** - RWii m & m b&fc$$%*&{* 4wt&'WaaL - -- 2 replicates p er treatment ( t rep for hfctt& I. ceRs/itR at w ^ 2 hour K|$$nte -whht test m edium renewal,. cH a t tec statt - ?i?y" cfcetob$f ~24 &2%> 24-hj*--8fftwa<!ik * $09-15000 lax - hemacytometer counts o f e$Rs at .24,48, and 7i2hours Test Species-- DapkntoiwgtM, a freshwater dadotserafl iromifi'-house Test Method - setcons based on OEC33 TO 252 - 4$ hour same exposure; 20(1mTtest solution in 50 mL beaker - nominal test substance concentrations - control. 0 1 , L, 10 and - 1 replicate per concentration or well water control; 10 < 24-hr - water bath at 20 s- 1C, Id;? photoperiod, 600 - 900 lux - ph, DO, temperature measured at study start and end f --^:4$|hr Test Species - Omorhymhus myHss, tz&QW&QTAi Trautlodge,, Sumner;: WA.' ::; ` ' Test M ethod- screens based on OECDTG2G3 - 96 hour static exposure; 35 L test-solution in 26:L stainless-steel tank - Nominal test substance concentrations - control, 0.1, 1, 10 and lOOgm/L - 1 Teplicate per concentration or well water control - 5 fish per replicate; fish age ~43 - 47 days post-hatch - water bath at 12 1C, 16:8 photoperiod, ~ 250-500 lux - pH, DO, and termperature measured at test start Mid end - 96-hr lethality used as endpoint Test Compounds - 2-PerfIuorooctyl ethanoic acid, CAS# 27854-31-5 a white so lid - (C8F17CH2COOH), purity 99.4% - 2H-hexadecafluoro-2-decenoic acid, CAS# 70887-84-2 a white solid - (C7F15CF=CHCOOH), purity 99.8% - n-Perfluorodecanoic acid, CAS# 335-76-2 a white solid-(C9F19COOH), purity 99.6% AR226-3365 FThree Perfluorinated A cids to m/a magna, and Oncorhynchus mykiss :ntai Science*. Nc'vark, DE, t-SA. and R.C- Back. DuPnnt. DCSE. Wilmington, DE. USA RESULTS 'I f' Effects o f Perfluonnated Acids on Coll Growth of P subcapitata Acute Toxicity of Perfluorinated Acids to Daphntamagna 2-P^iniyC<toureract]*&. Mtl--dwl">2i*mi)fe6d--*-'Bl,raiciqdMrQfcatMj Acute Toxicity o f Perfiuotfrtated A d d s to Rainbow Trout ObNCUUSiOiNS., , I 1 The acute hazard o f three perfluonnated acids to algae, daphnids, and fish was assessed during acute screening studies using nominal test concentrations o f 0 .1 ,1 .0 ,1 0 and 100 mg/L for each test species and compound. EC/LC50s based on inhibition o f healthy cell count, immobility and lethality were determined for algae, daphnids and fish, respectively. Daphnids were m ost sensitive to two o f the test substances while algae were most sensitive to the third test substance. However, comparative algae and daphnid sensitivity were similar considering the range o f normal laboratory variability in acute toxicity tests. Fish were much less sensitive (e.g. 3 -10X ) than either algae or daphnids. The test results suggest the three substances are o f medium concern (i.e., EC50/LC50 > 1 mg/L but < 1 0 0 m g/L) for acute hazard to aquatic organisms (Smrchek et al. 1995). Reported rainwater concentrations for the CIO acid (low pg/L, Loewen et al., PM059) extrapolated to surface waters suggest that the acute risk to aquatic organisms for these compounds is likely to be low.