Document VJ0rrja0waXQwpREveYjxNZdo

Vopr. onkol. 7: No 9 13-17 1961 THE DEVELOPMENT AMD MALIGNANT TRANSFOnMATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CAPSUJ^l>o i**%i"iii^i6 y\rvou11o 11*ji*L>/\Ini rs ot* PLASTIC MATERIAL* N. T. Raikhlin' and A. Kh. Kogan `A.j.of;. 0f p.-t(.iCr,c,rp(,0!0,.y 0f t;)C Jof L.spennenral and Clinical O.-iceiocy of the Academy of Medical Sciences, and Department of Pa:!k'.o^,u.iI P!iy>io!o:;e of tie Fiut Medical Institute*, Moscon{Received 27 Augu.U 196C) X aTl-Vt of great interest in recent years in the sphere of cancer research u keen the study of the blastomogenic action of a number of plastic sfm.i (cellophane, polyethylene, polyvinyl, chloride, teflon, polymethyl^^ctflate, polvstvrenc, nvlon, perlon, caprone, dacron, silastic, sarane, '^.pliofilm etc.). itu^1'-0 mj'a atis'nt"ion of researchers [1-5, 7-1-1] has been focussed on ^ "5 ol tl-.e properties of plastic materials (chemical structure, physical torm) `poasiMe for the causation of tumours, the features and patterns of the *J es i>| connective tissue developing around the implanted plastics and the unlol. 7: No. 9, 10--17, 1961. SPI -12730 N. T. K aim n tu jml A, Kii. prcmv.c*. of their nuli;;n,inj tr.irv.formntion however have remained alniost entirely witho-jt inv'.tif;auon. .\f.iti ti.il ,/m/ let l'i/'jiT. I.xprri'i.cntv were pcrf*rincfl on white Jtockbrcd ffrni!f 1C3-173 A nm.pri-.*ivc c.*p "!r of polyvinyl chloriil c v/ai a ffizcil 3ro - 'J ike kiiltiVVN. Tit*. Ml. * i ri vi. r*fi.c<| it 3, \'j, IS, Y*% u IV5, 2W3, 300 ami 3K0 Jtyt, lmpl.i:*t-.i :-mi, v Ir'i 7-10 r.* t. in i.uh of tn: ;r'u; A totil of '6j animals were used, Were fi'iJ m( ;ri:'*v\ tl ml .ir.d m< .into! i> paraffin. Section, were stained with haenia*< fO'in am! p:crifcch *:n .UdorJ.r^; to Van (iicson, and impregnated hy Comorin -<v>J Pol) ja< cha'ide* \-.o n. /lycnprou ins and rnucoprot*ins) were demonstrated !>/ SV rcapent r after treatfnr.t * >i I tV; `cctions v.-i1tli pjnc.rnio<-iic t acid v.-jmihuI 1 control _ tnreva-mtmiieunut oti ^* scc*i' with ;tr:i)I"c, and acid pu'y actharidcs (rnscoprc-teidv) were stained with toluidin*^ :y ,c alcian Idue. l or their fjrd. 'r differentiation h.tore staining '.ections were treated with ..i and La^u:i.;i (strep:< co^.;!, I.y.durorm!.iuJ also with tohiidinc blue at various pH VJj CoIhy:cna*c was tr.ed for id-.-ntificarion of jeh-ropmtein fprocolla^cn). In avhist.'on, l ejl^cn's rv.u-tion was performed for vlesoxy'ribonucleic acid (D\Aj . rihonu;!tic acid (!'N`A3 was`stained by Hra-h's method with pyroninc-mcthyl grc'hrv was accompanied by control treatment o: siccom with dcsoxyribonuelcasc and rib.ir \]CJv* Results oj the investigation. The initial reaction .around the implant i$ u aseptic inflammation. Phenomena of proliferation rapidly start to predominr. the young fibroblasts being rich in ribonucleic acid, by the third clay on-: calready observe in the capsule forming around the implant the appear;;-,cc oi fine argyrophilic Schick-positive fibres. The reaction of mctachromas.-i it extremely weak during this period. At the 10-15th day there is a capsule rich in fibroblasts and consisting 0; collagen fibres which stain intensely with picrofuchsin, arc weak Schicl- positive and do not give mctachromasia at pH = 2-0, pH = -l-C Jr;. pH -- 6-0. At this static the connective tissue capsule has a non-homoger.wj structure in various areas. In some places it consists entirely of collagen aligned along the implant (fig. 1), the cell units bring fairly regularly ciispo;;; and consisting of both young and mature fibroblasts. In other places ti; selfsame capsule has a more complex structure and consists of no less ta;j three layers: external, middle and internal (Fig. 2). The external layer is n.: in connective tissue cells. The middle layer consists of both thin and ih'.t collagen fibres running in various directions, sometimes having the appetre.-.: of dissociated bundles. These fibres stain irregularly with picrofuchsin, j\: are sometimes markedly and sometimes feebly Schick-positive, without *cr of mctachromasia at different pH values. Sometimes one finds among ::: fibres in the middle layer focal accumulations of Schick-positive non-xru chromatic material. In the middle layer of cells, the vessels which a; i r.: are not numerous are arranged irregularly. The inner layer consists of celkju fibres aligned along the implant, feebly Schick-positive, and staining red picrofuchsin; it contains mature fibroblasts and fibrocytes located length* < along the fibres; there are almost no vessels in this layer. The thickness o; e~* layer can be exceedingly variable, but the middle layer is generally thiei.-- ^ By the 3C;h day the capsule consists of fairly mature tissue. } SPI -12731 Development anJ inMi^nant tranv/ormation of connective ti>wc op\u!v\ 124V After three months the collagen fibres in some parts of the capsule acquire it'.jricdi'y meii chromatic i faction, more pronounced at pM -- 2 aiid staining p :a:;h with clcian blue, 'flic inetachromasia is abolished by testicular and je.T.aitcd by streptococcal hyaluronidasc. In pu ts of the capsule v/ith ir.tpdsr structure some of the fibres give a positive reaction of metachromasia, t:>:!iihcd by testicular hyaluronidasc and unevenly attenuated by streptococcal r i . :j r~t tZr I-"Hi: coar.cr.ive tisiuc capsule consists of cellagca fibres. Van Giesoo. Magn. X 13C. Fic. 2. Capsule of complex structure, con sisting of three layers: internal, middle and external. Haematox) lin-eosin. Magn. X 130. '*1* ** J '. 'i`0r`lc*asc,while some arc not mctachronutic. In addition to the fibres, ^ r.ictachro.T.aiia sometimes occurs in the form of irregular patches in '^C rc`lt'0:' to hyaluronidasc in these sites is highly variable, the v ronia>n being sometimes abolished and sometimes attenuated. The fta ^'hres and the amorphous areas likewise stain irregularly with Sehitf's " Sl3r`ie i them are Sehiek-negative. One discerns a variable rela- , co'dagen fibres in areas with ordinary and with complex structure ...... collagenase. Collagonase markedly attenuates the staining with .y, -^S:a of collagen tibres in areas with complex structure, especially in y.J. c ^''yer, and hardly aileets staining with picroiuchsin of collagen tt in ii ars with o-.r.d...i.n.--ariy structure. mree months one can observe in the capsule, in addition to hya- c-.j cj lr''JS f1001, >n cell elements, scattered areas of accumulation of young t-.-jj n,ature fibroblasts, as well as small colls with round In petchromic taj l0ri''n^ cells. The fibroblasts contain a moderate amount of JxNA, 'I ^ntyl U"niC> l^u'r c)'toplasm contains Schick-positive granules, abolished 'UC' ^h'taclii omasia is extremely variable in the areas of proliferation 1250 N. T. I'aimim*/ JnJ A. Kii. Ku'-an . at this stage. !'r"!ifcration of connective t! sue cells occur u in i:.. of the caps.he with irregular m ructurc anil e p.ei.tllv in the extern. " vcr. Jiy 6'/c- mm :'u\ vile c..p u'c retains a non-homogeneous >ir... ,;e. Air: 'ith orJin.T) ucture me ;uar!u;.i!y hyalinl/c I, and a-, a rule >r in e c.cincnts and w.-.els. In some parts metacii:ornasm is fairly \* ,,*ij Ji>cc"`D!. Areas with o-niplcx structure are in the main similar to th.... dewribaJ : tlirec inoiuin. At the si.-.ih inoritii one can obscr.e in the capsule tr. development of focal pro:!:, r.-ta> fl-ig. 3), consisting of poll morphous cc nectis-e tissue ceils rich in KMA, and a few m ist and lymphoid ceils. Or,r i.:- discern in the structure of theta areas a marked nietachromasia, r.tc\ pronounced at pH = - 2 and completely aholisiied by testicular and attenuate.: by strcptococa.il hyaluronic! v-e. Aldan h!uc stains these sites a green coluf which likewise is abolished by testicular raid is attenuated by streptococci hyaluronidase. Cc-i'.'gen.ise in some places completely abolishes the state. with picrofuch.br. and in other places attenuates it. The Schick-reaciion m tt: stroma of the focal proliferates is unequally pronounced. On impregnate-' one finds an argyrophylic framework between tile cells. Some focal prouicnn- are clearly deni treated from the surrounding tissue, while others have if indefinite boundary. At the 9-12;h months some capsules show over their entire extent a pronounced hyalinosts and occasional fibrocytcs in the field of view. In sJ`" j * I FlC. 5. Vorm.uiou t'f J li'v.t! pfoliUr.uc in t!w* iclrrottd c.'pjulc. 1 l.U'in.Hoxylinciutn. M.^u. X 130. J Vm. J. lrilrti%.iui,m.\ couM'titv.; '* nu'TS ou< .mpu.il coll*. H4*1*j.uv\> iio-sv'11' X5C0. SPI -12733 IX vclopmcnt anti nnli^nant transform ition of connective ii-.uc c.ipvjkv I2S t .-jits however one still detect-, signs of proliferation of connective :i-.ue jr.tl the formation of focal proliferates. In six out of 16 animal, which rvivcJ for y'/2-12`/: months sarcomas were discovered M i.;. A). Dismhi'>!. As is seen from oer data, in tlie.* period prtccdir.g the appearance [ the tumour in the connective tissue capsule, one observes profound hinges with proliferation of ceil elements. I;or example, by the third month i; a muir.ed thamge in the polysaccharide metabolism of the connective h.ec capsule, and one observes a marked increase in mctachromasia. The hiding of most pronounced mctachromasia at pH "2 and the least at pH: -6, c-T.plcte abolition of the reaction by testicular hyaluronid.uc and its attenua te by streptococcal hyaluronidasc, and the results of staining with aictan .be enable one to state that in this period there occurs a rather disorderly :ccumulation of acid polysaccharides (mucoprotcids) both sulphuretted and :.'.ose containing carboxyl groups. The irregularity of accumulation of ac.d 'jcopolysaccharidcs continues right into the late stages. The reaction of vetachromasia is especially intensive in focal (presarcotnatous) proliferates, la the tumours the mucoprotcids accumulate mainly a: the periphery. It is fC'V.ble that the abundant accumulation or mucoprotcids is due to their -"perfect elaboration and utilization. The irregular and temporally unusual ^cumulation of mucoprotcids points to a deranged collagen formation in the connective tissue capsules forming around the implant of plastic material, f Also pointing to an abnormal collagen formation is the action of coilagen- r,i{. which abolishes in some areas of the capsule the staining svith picrofuchsm * 1 *?icific for precollagcn, which suggests that these collagen fibres are of j J l-'norr"al structure and different from normal fibres. : j Stress must be laid on the non-hemogeneous structure of the connective : ' ` ,Sjc capsules forming follosving implantation of the plastic material: more j 'aiP.e, reminiscent of tlie structure of the capsules around foreign bodies j ,:1 some areas and complex irregular structure in others. These atypical areas J ,-t characterized by a complex structure uneven and unusual in time and ,T''Jnt1 by accumulation of sulphuretted and non-sulphuretted acid polyj ``sharidcs (mucopiotcids), by the characteristic relation of the fully formed : ^ro! to the enzyme collagcnase, and by the development of unaligned J -ljgen fibres and of extensive fields of lnalinosis. Analysis of the different i j *ts the development of the capsule shows that the local proliferates iv*Iop most intensively in those very areas ol the capsule which have an j *** and irregular structure. This fact emphasises the importance of the i ` ,u,n surrounding the cel! for the onset of malignant translormation. { seen from the results of the investigation, the development and matura} , the connective tissue capsule around the implant and the origination ; jj ,110 tumour go through aseries of successive stages which are indissolubly , c" 10 each other. Thesestages are similar to the stages of development . luniour> which Shabad [t,] singles out on the basis of conclusions drawn 1252 1'. T. n .'i,'I A. Kit. Komi'; ' {join a large experimental material o.t the reproduction of tumo'.ir, via tl.<e agency of v.iiicar, careinogeiis. f our stages arc rnaj-i;v:! out. Tltc first staje (up to 15-30 clay;) it cltaraacri/.cd by tlie formation of granulation ti->Ue avliicli in ionic areas matures in tin; usual way and in other am, lest]; abnormal colhgen formation and the development of irregularly arj<j complexly constructed areas of tin: capsule. The second stage flip to months) is cliaracteri/.cd by the formation of diffusely scattered r.ccuuvjlatior.j of connective tissue cells and a pronounced wave of irregular accumuh-.io.., of mucoprotcids containing sulphate and caiboxyl groups. The third (from 6Ve months onward) is the formation of focal proliferates (pn.'.arco-i'.jp with increase of the irregular accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharide (mucopiotcids). The fourth stage (irout 9'ht months onv.'ard) Is the formation of malignant tumours, namely sarcomas. It must be stressed that our-findings of morphological and histochemica' investigation do not point to any extinction of cellular activity in a latent period at the 3-6th month, as was found by Oppenheimer ei al. [14]. SUMMARY 1. The connective tissue capsule forming around the implant has a non- homogeneous structure." 2. Histochemica! investigation indicates an abnormal course of the pro cesses of collagen formation in the developing capsules. 3. The development around the implant of a connective tissue capsul*. its further maturation and the formation of a tumour pass through a series of stages closely interlinked with each other. TramljicJ by L. SuM.'tmirtD REFERENCES 1. KOGAN, A. Kh.', Arkh. paud., 2, 63, 1952 2. KOGAN, A. Kh.p CHECIIUL1N. A. S. cud ALIEV, M. A., Arkh. pato!., 2. 55, 1955 3. KOGAN, A. Kh. uni CHECHLT.1N, A. S,, Pit. fizlol. i ckspsr. ter., 3, 39, 1957 I. KOGAN, A. Kh.. CHECH L EIN, A. S. r: ,t(.. Arkh. pato]., 1, 44, 1958 5. KOGAN, A. Kh., Pit. ticioE i ckspcr. ter., 2, 74, 1959 6. SHAI1AD. 1.. M,, Vcstnik khirurgii ini. I. 1. C-rekov.t. t. 74, p. 6, 1954 7. DANISHEFSKY, I., OPPENHEIMER, E,, V11EH1TE, M., STOUT, A. and FISHMAN', M,. Cav.eer Rev, 19, 11, 1234, 1959 S. DRUCKREY, H. ar.J SC.11MA1IL, D.. Ztchr. X'aturforsch., 1152, 76, 353, , 9. NOTHIHRIT, H,, Arch. Ce-ehsv-;.!-t!orsch. 9, 121. 1955 } 10. NOTH PHUT. IE. SttahUntherapic, 122. 192. 1956 '> .11. OPPENHEIMER. 11., OPPENHEIMER. IE ami STOUT. A., Science, 113. 305, 1953 ' 12. OPPENHEIMER, U., OPPENHEIMER, IE, DANISHEFSKY", T. sad others, Cancer Krv, .; I.* J.'.', i 13. OPPENHEIMER, IV. OPPENHEIMER, E. and STOUT, A.,. Proc. Soe. Esper. lia! i a. Med., 67, 33, 194 S 14. OPPENHEIMER, I)., OPPENHEIMER. F... STOUT, A.. VnU-HlTE. M. and DAM- ' i SHEESKY. I., Cancer, 11, I, 2C4, 195S f -1 SPI-12735 11231 Chemical Abstracts 11232 Vol.61 Prom. Toksikot. i Klinika Pro}. Zabolevanii Kkim. Eliol. (Mos and lability of bonds formed by incorporation of methionine and cow: Oos. Izd. Med. Lit.) Sb. 1962, 163-5. Neozone D (N- cysteine by decreasing cysteine. The mechanism of the studied , ,phenyl-2-tiaplithylaminc) (I), naphthoi (II), and aniline (IU) had compds. is discussed. From Ref. Zk., Kkim. 1964, Abstr. \n L.D.w values of 8 28(1, and 356 mg./leg. resp., for an acute single 61288. MVRK intraperitoneal administration in animal expts. Acute poisoning Certain biochemical indexes of the blood in workers exposed to with 1 and III resulted in a predominance of lesions of the central toxic substances (benzene, chlorobenzene, vinyl coloride nervous system (side position, continuous spasms, absence of Silvia Gabor, Mina Lecca-Kadu, and 1. Manta. Prom. Toksikid. corneal reflexes). The degree of disorder of conditioned reflex i Klinika Prof. Zabolevanii Kkim, Eliol. (Moscow: Gos. Iz|. activity was more pronounced in the case of II. Under the same Med. Lit.) Sb. 1962, 221-3. Oxidative processes and liver func conditions, I did not have a marked effect on the central nervous tion were studied in 82 workers with DDT, hexachtorocyclo- system. In the case of subacute and esp. chronic poisoning with_ hexane, and poly( vinyl chloride) resins who were chronically ex- I, n, and (II a decrease in the hemoglobin content and no. of posed to vapors of CH, chlorobenzene (I), and vinyl chloride erythrocytes in the blood, which was most pronounced in the (II). A decrease in catalase activity and increase in peroxidase case of II and III, were observed. Phagocytosis decreased and and indophenotoxidase activities, and an increase in the gluta liver function was disordered. From Ref. Zk., Kkim. 1964, thione level in the blood were observed. Catalase and peroxi Abstr. No. 61321. MVRK dase were most strongly affected. These changes appeared dur The acute narcotic effect of methyl alcohol. T. Miyatna b ing the first year of itfork (for II after I year). Random changes (Univ. Tokyo). Nisskin /gain 49(2), 124-7(1902). MeOH(tO in the no. of erythrocytes in workers with CH(, a decrease in al or 20%) was administered orally to Unancsthetized and curarized bumins and increase in at- and 7-globutins, increase in aldolase rabbits under artificial respiration, and the elec, activity of the activity, and decrease in sorbitol dehydrogenase activity were central nervous system was recorded from the amygdaloid nu also observed. A study of oxidative processes can give valuable cleus, hippocampus, and frontal cortex. The 1st change in the data for diagnosis of early changes. From Rtf. Zk., Kkim. 1964, electroencephalogram was slow wave activity in the frontal cor- -- Abstr. No. 61313. MVRK tea. Similar changes appeared in the amygdaloid nucleus and Biogenic amines, biogenic aldehydes, and alcohol. Aaron hippocampus when >3 g./kg. was given orally. These changes Feldsteiii, Hudson Hoagland, Keith Wong, and Harry Freeman resembled those seen after EtOH ingestion; there was no qua), (Worcester Found, for Exptl. Biol., Shrewsbury, Mass.). differences in narcotic effect between MeOH and EtOH. From Quart. J. Studies Ale. 25, 218-25(1964). EtOH blocked the Excerpta Med. Sect. II 16(3), Abstr. No. 1629(1963). TCDN metabolism of serotonm-**C to 5-hydroxyindoleacetic-"Cacid (I). Pathological-morphological changes of the heart due to com- c Recovery of I, based on urinary "C, was 76%. Two hrs. after bined administration of Sslvarsan and sulfamine. Susumu Kuno ingestion of 30 cc. of EtOH I recovery was 64%; after 60 cc., (Nippon Univ., Tokyo). Nickidai Igaku Zarski 18, 1236-46 (1956). An exanin. was made of rabbit hearts following com bined use of Salvarsan and sulfamine (sulfanilamide). The con 37%; after 90 cc., 30%. Serotonin-wC administered simul taneously with 60 cc. of EtOH gave 32% of I; 1 hr. after EtOH, 30%; 2 hrs. after, 34%; 4 hrs. after, 49%; and 24 hrs. after, comitant use of both drugs gave rise to myocardial fibrosis in 20% -- 78%. EtOH or AcH blocked monoamine oxidase or aldehyde of the animals. The heart muscle underwent regressive changes dehydrogenase. EtOH intoxication, in part, may be due to such as fatty or vacuolar degeneration, with no direct connections altered levels of brain biogenic aldehydes, biogenic ales., or bio to the formation of fibrotic changes. Myocardial fibrosis also genic amines. H. W. Gordon occurred. Rukuson Yoh Biochemical and histological studies on the liver of rats in early Determination of the degree of absorption of certain aromatic stages of dimethylaminoazobenzene feeding. Yoshito N'akajima compounds by workers. Tadeusz Dutkiewicz and J. Piotrow- d (Med. Coll. Sapporo, Japan). Sapporo Igaku Zasski 16(1), ski. Prom. Toksikot. i Klinika Prof. Zabolevanii. Kkim. Eliot. 43-54( I960). Rats were fed a low-proteia diet eontg. 0.06% di (Moscow; Gos. Izd. Med. Lit.) Sb. 1962,49-53. Dependencies methylaminoazobenzene (I), and in early stages oi the feeding the were found between the amt. of aniline (I) absorbed by the or livers were analyzed biochem. and histol. There was a decrease ganism and the amt. of aminophenol, excreted with the urine, and in ribonucleic acid (RNA) and the degree of Pn incorporation`into between the amt. of nitrobenzene (II) absorbed and the amt. of_ RNA was reduced. There were no changes in the amt. of de nitrophenol (III) excreted with the urine, and between the amt. oxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or in the degree of "P incorporation. of CH4 absorbed and the amt. of phenol excreted with the urine. There was an increase in anaerobic and aerobic glycolysis and The rate of absorption of I applied to the skin was 0.2-0.7 mg./ only a slight decrease in endogenous respiration. From Biol. sq. cm.-hr. (increasing with increase in the temp, and moisture Abstr. 36(19), Abstr. No. 64484(1961). TCCG content of the skin); for II and C*H, this figure was 0.25-3.2 and Cutaneous toxicity evaluation of Air Force development ma 0.4, resp. (decreasing with increase in skin temp.). In industrial e terials. IV. Morns V. Shelanski and Karl L. Gabriel (Ind. work, 2/3 of the absorbed I penetrates into the organism through Biol. Res. Sc Testing Labs., Inc., Philadelphia, Pa.). U.S. the skin and 1/3 through the respiratory tract. Special units de Dept. Com., Office Tech. Sen., AD 265,486, 8 pp. (1961). fining the degree of exposure (daily absorbed dose) should be Twelve materials were studied via the prophetic patch test me established and the rate of excretion of products of metabolism of thod on lab. animals and human subjects to det. the primary ir toxic compds. should be detd. From Ref. Zk., Kkim. 1964, ritation effect, fatiguing effect, and sensitization index. Alkyl- Abstr. No. 61318. MVRK - substituted decatin was too severe a primary irritant to test on Certain problems in carbon disulfide toxicology. E. Nofer and humans. Diethylcyclohexane was a severe primary irritant. T. Wronslca-Szpakowa. Prom. Toksikot. i Klinika Prof. Za All other materials were safe to use in contact with the human bolevanii Kkim. Eliol. (Moscow: Gos. Izd. Med. Lit.) Sb. 1962, skin. From U.S. Govt. Res. Rept. 37(1), 76(1962). TCVD 114-19. Exptl. animals which had been chronically exposed to The therapeutic adaptability of experimental liver cirrhosis in CSi received a injection of "ZnCU intravenously. The "Zn con- the rat. II. Thlo&cetamide clrrhoala in the rat and the influence tent in the liver, kidneys, bones, lungs, brain, heart, muscles, and ' of glucocorticoida, androgens, and tolbutamide. P. Rocttger. erythrocytes was considerably higher than in the control. The F. Nolte, H. A. Kuehn, and vV. Creutzfeidt (Med. Univ. Klin.. Zn content in the spleen was the same as in the control. Excre Freiburg, Ger.). Z. Ges. Exptl. Med. 136(5), 486-99(1963)I Re tion of Zn with the urine and feces was also subnormal, esp. dur print). White rats were given thioacetamide (I) orally (175 ing the first days after poisoning. The activity of atk. phospha mg./kg.) to cause acute liver damage and 40 mg./kg. to produce tase in the blood of rats exposed to CS: was 30% lower than in the chronic liver damage. Glucocorticoids and anabolic steroids control. Rats exposed chronically to CS- vapors for 5 months were administered and the effects observed. Prednisolone ad excreted 18% (av.) more products of nicotinic acid metabolites ministered to the acutely 1-treated animals reduced mortality than control unimuls; excretion of At'-methylnicotinamide in markedly. In chronic 1 poisoning the nuclear changes in the liver creased at the expense of a decrease in excretion of other metabo cells were reversible. In chronic I poisoning higher levels o( lites. In the liver nicotinic acid and its compds. were reduced glucocorticoids increased mortality. 23 references. III. Car by 26%,. The mechanism of the action of CS; is discussed. It is 0 bon tetrachloride cirrhosis In the rat and the therapeutic influence hypotiiesizcd that CS: affects lipid metabolism. From Ref.Zk., of glucocorticoids with and without simultaneous administra Kkim. 1964, Abstr. N'o. 61265. MVRK tion of antibiotics and androgens. R. Discher, H. Laafl, \V. Mechanism of the toxic action of certain chlorinated hydrocar Creutzfeidt, and II. A. Kuctin. Ibid. SOO-lfl. Livers of white bons used in industry. 1'. G. Gurkavi. Prom. Toksikol. i rats were cirrhotic after 24 injections of CCIt (0.75 ml./kg.) over Klinika Prof. Zabolevanii Kkim. Eliol. (Moscow: Gos. Izd. Med. _ .a 12-wcck period. Subcutaneous injection of prednisolone or Lit.) Sb. 1962, 119-22. In isotope expts. on animals poisoned cortisone prevented cellular regeneration ami connective tissue with chlorinated hydrocarbons (tetrachloropropane (I), tetra- formation. Oral administration had no effect. Administration chloropcutaiH'(II), tctrachlorohcptanc (III), ami other Imtnulogs of antibiotics to animals treated with CCU and glucocorticoids of CClt) disorders in incorporation of lalx'lcd amino acids into reduced mortality by reducing infections. 30 references. tissue proteins (decrease in incorporation of cysteine-*.'? into liver Carol G. Stull protein and scrum globulins, increase in incorporation of glycine- h Differentiated determination of silica in the lungs of animals X*C; slight disorder in ineorporalion of methionine) were found. N\ T. Varym-Agaeva. AktuuPn. VoOr. Gigieny i Epiilii"l The various chlorinated compds. had different disruptive effects. Donetsk. Haseina ('Kiev: Gos. Izd. Med. Lit. Ukr. SSK1 Ill increased incorporation of cystcim,-*.S; ail the studied amino 1963, 30 1. For detg. the pathogenesis of silicosis, the Content "f acids were incorporated into scrum altminius at a faster rate than free and Ixnind SH6 should lx- detil. sep, A series of such in the controls. Ill decreased the ratio IX'tween the stability expts. were conducted with the lungs of animals dusted with cl.iv SPI -12736 a-MmUUuimt+y _f/v i--ptAfcr joanmir naui . L.Aktar<Ufb- *. tn-ulmn. lag tba tatoal period of development for taaaea of barter aad boat variate with low odd rasistaaes aod for roota of afl vari SSrwsj ttakJ ikn.lin fak t k period ol tA-7 hn. k > (fa appatak dlrack*. maakM Ukd oal PitaHn. Tkfc la tnw aad lor itagtaHid n ate. The raletirily low protoplasm im inaaldhlj dortaf tba early dmlepmantal phases is inniimpeniid bydhwjpteatuar taal aahditbi of autritfre Mbatancaa aad la ana of tba mama at poor ptan pert. Pram Ktf- Zk., Bid. Ml, Atatr. Nk. l*5lT CA Tkt iWmaaail growth ol Omd of gUnts fvmigvfi.0 vtt tokntad oai aOnkf k aat Am <a tba trodfaf, abet Ika Mneutak guM oad tbob tarirakro,. WUkr W. HOok ikd Gcnld Pirn. r<ui> Art. Bxpt. Sin. UUc. fed. KP-dU. U bp fwnnfag them mrp'lO i kaa lot load Is tta 0.1 a. 1/1. am af tta pub tiwpartk - -________ a( tba Pttawkd growth aI VtaaiML Atta. M, Atatr. No.MWflttal) The above PP/1M3). Young, tmppukfly growing plants ri i A gravky- dlfltr irlddy in their nuctpUhUkjr to got injory i____________ ai a powjbk (, udo ooktraOnd condition. for periods op to T dnyn vWi (event cues ot caucus, from 10 to 1000 p.p.m. The pkuus wen them laud to noraml greenhouse caadltioai ukd obstevud far ItaSnt^StaSlSha.'lhSt!''1Kata j'.U. UrOM^! tanutlkte nod Inter kgs, ol Injury. At 1000 p.p.m.. 1,1 fakk diene, butnue, 1butene, isobutene, bobutyfake, I " Ftemimaoe ofhactin algae aad rfclnwiriid pnpu. was propane gam aocne signs of injury with cotton, mupeas, aad touted at bte of excite light. Tbefatensity de- "Eth* ane, centg. 2% et`hy`tee, and t"be bfaloioww-<of_f g__a_s_f_ro_m_ ' ema be rated aaa** totUfdiclwrydeMiutrMdtf a polyethylene industrial pUst, cootg. ethytee aod propylene, i la tba chlorophyll --tifa. la pbotoebem. caused rooderate injury, rive gists tested at 100 aad lOp^J an rammed to pro- In decreaebiK order at injury were ethytee, aeetytee, i 8 ykfcd, while raja- jthytec oade, aad vlayf Of them only cm.) produced a ddskc llfcriy to occur m an io) Tba yUd iaercut vu lethal at 1000 p.p.m., but stimulated the growth ri s _ . Tabic of 20%. Chloro- at 10 p.p.m. T. G. I MMMfiit esdted bv light of wwluftb 686 u#, was Tbe steroid ccmpouada ri Selasam lacbdatam. PrsHarinsfy Ibylghtteetlvely abaorbad by tbe aeesmory pigments. resort. Pal Bite, Lassie Jokey, and LUi Posmiestok (For- Tba oahaaoHaat spectrum la CMsrsfls and spinach cUaropksts scfmngsmst. Pharm. Iud., Budapest). Aria Cbsss. Acad. Sri. stowed sbmp paaloi at 470 aad 600 a# with a tboolder at 670 a#. _ Hunt. 24, 863h-4(1062Xin Genaao). Rron tbe roots ri S. Tba Amm Mddud by tba teaman pigment was ra- Iariata/aa< were isolated, in adda. to sntasoute aad trams sola- dKmdbpl9%byiadladioaat6B8mu. Tbaebaagmte yield took marginc, 2 hitherto onreported albaMdal i____ plaoe to a tea oaaat. of S aac. at 16* aad vara ahoHshrri by as solaradixia (1) and soUradiniae, whom agjycoa was i thfote, CN^, and the ehsrar.r of Cl" dine. 1 recrystd. from 60% aq. MmCO had Mo -46J* (c 1. i la mST^mSm aoceaaory tent, d MeOH). The sugar portion of I coasisted of 2 taolea ghmom, 1 mole galactoae, and 1 mole rhamaom. A aew thin-layer (biw ___ ______ It h mg-Nnl autographic procedure was developed for the detn. of elkaloUal t aphmcb cbloroplaau 2 (hnwnnot pboto- glycosides aad agtycons of the Sriaaass type. The | oae haste emission sms. at 688 am oatx. were chromatographed (6 hn.) oa a affica gei____ 1 b aad die other with abaorptloa au. at 870 a# but BuOH satd. with HaO, while aglyeons were duamatsaontad _______a baud rhanirtrristlr of chlorophyll a Ui tbe blue tpec- _ (I hr.) on an AhO, gypsum layer with CHCb. CHMbSi tral roglna. Theothmeyvtcmeoatainschlorophylla with a lower was used as developer. WUHaa Brakar t yWd aad emission am. at loagtr wavelengths. Tlaftonte tat etleUtad plaats ri Latbytue togfanas. J. Rated r. Been, Jr. PrTybylska (Polska Akad. Nauk, Posnan, Poland). Aria Sac. i f tba Iwdip-t d trite ami b Baton. Price. II, 471-8(lM2Xin English). Thtete (1) ___ r____i vhb (ba Texas aad MaMevte typao ri ritessmir was a dominant free amino add in the etiolated Imvaa cf L. aria terite. G. K. Altera*. Bataa. Zk. 47, 169-70062). e ft'sftoeer. The evidence Is presented that 1 plays aa Important. Tba material waa faced with 80% ale, aad formalin. Deoxyribo- rr>]e in detoxication ri NH and In tbe storage of amino groapa, nm.'fck arid (DNA) wai detected la the atm eection by the Peul- and may be also involved in N transport. K. Boiaaowaka fea teat; DNA and ribonudric arid (RNA) were stained by Tbe ParmeUa gotrriaa groep la llcrth America, william L. ` pm pvrnahw. The disturbance of the development of Culberson (Duke Univ., Durham, N.C.). Am. J. Botany 48, the i rospnre begte sometime after meioria. The first signs of lftK-74(l)61). A study of the morphology aad lichen chemistry i of the Texas type is noted at the tminoeter stage -- of the North American members of the P. pnrtisa complex of tbe arierapore, at tbe period of vacuotlatkm of tbe cytoplasm leads to the recognition of 6 species: P. querdas (CaHforaia), P. aad marked decrease of tbe RNA and protein cooteats. The corondo (Mexico), P. canfoaiaooto (southeastera United Btrim). degaaermtte of tba Mridavo type a noted oaly at the biceilolsr P. tolbina (eastern North America), aod P. tmido (eastern and atoms of tbe po&ea giafai, at the time of bartering synthesis of south central United States). AU species produee tbe depside RNA, prateta, aad polysaccharide. Mima Hay . atrancrin. P. qnrrcino and P. confodUrata also prodnee tbe dep- Pbmabariaaosa temacaaa b ealslir devtemaant * side lecnnork acid, and the closely related P. coromato prodoers TobHuMBmi (Uaiv. of Texas, Attsrin). Vmm. Wcrojdms gyrophoric acid, chemically similar to lecaaoric acid. P. a* (Ana Altar, Mfch.). Msr Ha. 66-4829, 88 pp.; Duuriaiian btna contains a previously reported but chemically aaknoara dep- Ate. 22.1608(1082). CA side, tbe aliphatic triterpene seorin, and an unidealifisd yetkvw Tba amam ritarraOalsr apace COi eoacaatratte ri miu pigment and is thus chemically very distinct from P. Uaido srhkh leevsa aad to hteaace ea atamatal aotoariata. Hens Mod- -- produces aa utiVtmvrn Mthstance reported here for tbe first time. aer (Uaiv. Natal, Pieteraaritsbarg, S. Africa). /. Expti. Botany From fftri. Abstr. 36, Abstr. No. 31908(1061). CA 12. 284-88(1682); cf. M. 12. 400(1061). Leaves of Zta mays Phrakal-chemkel studies ri tpades of Caarieum. X. Ab- are capable of >rhearting etm. CO, oonteot to aero concn. at soratioo spectra ri the caretanolds la tbe altravtoat. T.Sencho 80* sritb a light latcaaky of 100 fl.-candtcs aad at 80* with 600 and F. Navam>. Anafrr Beat Soc. Espon. Pis.Qnim. (Madrid), HflO strain showed a perronneat aftereffect of this Ser. n 58, 5^5-70(1962): cf. Cholnoky, at ri.. CA SI. 684tt. tematal coadaetaace measurements showed that 0 Nine carotenoid components srare obtained from chroraatog the Hornets are seashivc to CO, ooocaa. of 0-100 p.pjn., a raphy of petr. ether exts. of paprika oo alumina. Tbe altra- not yet reported for other leaves. Martin Jacobson violet spectral characteristic* and extinction values were detd. One of the compnueots reported earlier eras found to be Identical 8ty ri float eeO amtariawn at different pH values. with viotaxanthin. II. Paper ebramatefragbf ri tbs mate 2.V.1 aa aad G. N. Syate. Sb. Nomckn.-Ttkk. Inform, acids. K. Navarro;A. Rodnfuex,and l.Sancbo. /W.671-4. 3m Up*n.m/fntbm.'lstlod. Im. Sd*tk.-Khso., Lonmrroi 1061, The amino acids of green peppers end of paprika repramat about OO-oTXmvesof*____________ _r grown oo podsouc soil 2% of the dry wt. Of 14 amino adds found la gmeupcppsrs, leaves aad roota ri 16 day sprouts ooIf basriVie)y end wheat grown asparagine, citniltine, and serine account for over 60% m tbe la wa_ te. r catenrsae at pH 4.6 aad 6.0 were usmed in tbe sxpts. A wt. In paprika asparagine represents 30%, and pratoe 14%, ri 0i. mate ri fresh Isaves aod roots was placed la fleets cootg. the 16 amiao acids reported. E.T. Rome 11rill Ibli. HsOfer 24hrs. at 16-16*. At tbe befixuring ri the fi Ceroterid* In Detetx regia tear. P. B. Tnngshmle aad pmiod ri devstopoamt aa arid nartlon ri the lardtaai caaevd a H. R. Gama (Indite last. SoTBangalore, ladmY . J. decrease la tba presoptea persnaafaMIty of riover leavse; In 69. 1-8(1962). A comparative study ri tbe < SteHM tomasmul ahesre tbe psnareldllty Increased In various ftoral parts ri D. rate has beam am mare ter tea lor dowrmm pew m tom seU. Aa acid lion about tbe Ungrate aad role ri earateridi I . aaadhaa alas cauaad a daemaar la pratsflam parmeabriby dur- Tbe Qoal. aad qaant. dutrihathm ri caroturidi to Mrimd kff