Document RpOb0B2knzjEbjJQ01RmNpeza

0007-SWP-000005052 : sllyl eora r.d glycerin mica). Th 1 up a new ubicitutively growth waa vas carried 1948) beinf . leading to ch ralue in It of studiep he resultinf tnd refining and led to from pio938-37; the Study at o the pilotmethyl iso- hydrogensind brought is from iso nt o( olefin, neck of isolie in 1939. cesses were ter aviation troeesses of these prot ate produc ed in 1937, lesia. Thus engines had bests. This intry's 10ft- r to its remeritationhe recovery um-derived ss was eracontributed i ultimately t-sponsored have been ressary waa pid gaa and The corrosion research laboratory, established in 1938, has been active in almost alt phases of petroleum technology. Two outstanding developments are an inhibi tor for protection of gasoline pipe lines from internal corrosion (1939) and a vapor-phase inhibitor for rustproofing steel in a container or package without either coating the steel or rigorously excluding moisture. In 1948 the latter won the U. S. Naval Ordnance Development Award. Fundamental research is strongly emphasised at Emeryville because of its importance in furthering basic advances in technology. In the field of petroleum production this research has led among ether things to the successful acid-solvent treatment of oil wells (1938), improved water-base drilling fiuids (1936), im proved methods of analysing drilling eorss (1938), advances is knowledge of oil field Bow (1938), and improvements in oil-base drilling fiuids (1942). This re search was transferred in Dee. 194S to a new Shell Oil laboratory in Houston, Tex., which is closer to field operations. Because of its experience in separation processes, Shell Development was in vited by the War Production Board in 1944 to participate in a government-spon sored emergency effort to find means of increasing the then seriously inadequate capacity for penicillin. A process waa developed daring 1944-4S which surmounted separation difliculties to the extent that both recovery and product purity were markedly increased, and the process is now used fat one or another form by several manufacturers of penicillin. Similarly Shell Development participated actively in a government-sponsored cooperative effort to establish the molecular structure of penicillin by chemical and spectroscopic means, with a view to possible synthesis. Other special cooperative war projects included the development of vehicle-mounted flame-throwing type weapons, the study of gasoline storage stability under desert conditions, and this investigation of various aircraft fad and lubricant problems. HERWIN-WILLIAMS COMPANY haa been producing high-quality paints, S varnishes, lacquers, insecticides, chemicals, etc. for 80 years. In July 1866, Henry A. Shrewin, them 24, joined in partnership with Truman Dunham to sell whits lead, linseed oil, colors, brushes, glass, etc. Than very little ready-mixed or prepared peint was on the market. Mixing paint was practicsd only by professional painters. D. R. AvartH of Newburg, a suburb of Cleveland, in 1867 invented a ready-mixed paint which would not settle in the package, but he did not use map ttrials which would cover or wear well Sherwia would have nothing to do with such ready-mixed point, bat realising the possibilities of the prepared paint busi.ngsp, he left hia partnership with Dunham to go into the manufacture of paints In 1870 ha was joined by Edward P. Williams, part owns* of a glass-manufiMturiag company which add glass to Truman Dunham k Go. They became pmtasrs tmder the name of Sherwia, Williams k Co. starting with a modest capital ai 82,000 la 10M this partnership became the Sherwin-Williams Co, whew promt capital and surplus surpass $60,000,000. The partners in 1873 bought from the Standard OB Co. an old am-story cooper shop on the rite of the present Qrrohad plant Their first paint-making machinery consisted of one secondhand stem mill and a potty chaser. Through successive plowing profits bach into the basinets sad bringing in additional capital, the manufacturing facilities now embrace 32 plants in the United Siam, Canada, and South America, occupying mo m 700 buildings. The trained chemical staff which started with one chemist. Dr. Percy Neymaa, M.I.T. graduate hired by Henry Sherwia, now includes several hundred. Until 1190 manufacture waa confined to paint than merely a mechanical mix ture of pigments with oils or varnishes. The Or*eland factory, however, operatad Hi i*' I 0007-SWP-000005053 T* Sinwa-Wil u a mi Courxjrr deportment for refining, boiling, and otherwise treating linseed oS and (nr meanfactoring driers, grinding; Japan, and other items. The products marketed included a complete line o( oil paints (or the exterior o( houses and buildinfs--flat, semi, gloss, and enamel paints (or interiors. A wide variety o( paints was supplied to railway and steamship companies, and to manufacturers d vehicles, agricultural implements, and many industrial products. This development of paints and var. nishes was under the direct supervision of J. C Bcardslee, who joiswd the staff in 1880 and served as general superintendent, 1886*1910, continuing is a director. He was much interested in all manufacturing problems until his death in 1928. During these years paint and varnish formulas wart greatly improved. Labora tories were established in all plants and extensive research was conducted (or many years at Chicago. Hera finished products are tewed, besides being subjected to field exposures in Florida and elsewhere. During recent years many sew protects have been developed. One of the most outstanding la Xem-Toos, a water-misdbie synthetic resin emulsion point (or interior use over wallpaper, plaster, or painted walla. Innumerable paint, enamel, and varnish products have bean especially do* velopod (or individual household requirements; Car imautirhirars of ----layr furniture; machinery, and many other products; (or railroad-cnr boildcrt and ship builders. During both World War I and IL enormooa quantities of paint sad similar products were supplied to the War and Navy Departments aod to --~t s lecturers of equipment, aamuaitioe, and all other military requirements. The Company's chemists also assisted government deportments in the devtinpesstu of new products to satisfy exacting spedficaticau for otmsnal war conditions. The first departure from simple paint manufacture was in 1898 when tea production of varnishes for household and industrial naa eras undemkm. Them were mate from natural resins, vegetable oils, and turpentine or mineral spirits. Since then natural resins hove bean displaced by synthetic mins sad a wide variety of new oils and reducers have been introduced, yielding protective coedagt far turpessing the early simple finishes. These chemical developments were super vised by . C. Holton, ca M.I.T. graduate and chief chemist from 1892 until hit death in 1934. He worked very closely with J. C Bcardslee in reeeorch cnseihg paint and varnish, raw materials, and new formulas. As ten business grew, he supervised all chemical research. Including point, vanish, lacquers, dry colors, dyes and intermediates, and insecticides, emurihuting much to the Company'! growth. In hie later years, Helton was assisted by Dr. C D. Holley who jouiad the Acme White Lead A Color Works in 1907 and came with Sbtrwia-WSUaae when it absorbed Acme In 1920. From then until hie death in 1942, ha auparsiaad all paint formulas to bring them op to the highest Company standards. Sherwin-Williams' real entry into the chemical industry came shoot in 1898 whan the manufacture of dry cetera was undertaken in a pOet plain at Cleveland, under Holton's direction The first product was rad Had aoeia vermilion. la 1901 a large dry-color plant was erected and production of f-nitroaniline and tehndiaa rate was begun under H. If. Ashby. A large volume of such rads treat to agriad* torn! Implement manuiseturers. Inorganic colon, mrioding lead chromate yeilowa, chroma graaua, iron blues, ate, and many organic lakes, ware also marketed. The Claesfaod plant was soon outgrown and In 1909 o oasdb larger one was eroded at CbkagOi la which the production of dry colors was moved. With tea outbreak of World War I, a department was established (or the unufsrtiire of aniline dyes and intermediates which hod hems imported bom Germany. This has grown to he one o( tea Company's major fiviaioaa. At tea same time tee Color Depot tomtit, now sader the supervision of M. B. Doty, had boon greatly enlarged, many new products added, and former colors much imptovoi  nanu iluded semied ta itural vr. iff in eetor. 28. bora* many rd la ducti eibl* imed ' desil**, shipand anuTh it of tha hcM rita. vide inf* per- rihnUg ha ,r!' y itd ms std '96 id, X>1 in* uJ*s, ha at ha im ha ad si. i! I Tn Snswra-Waxuita Cowm SO Tht ttandarda of St * years afe ara no lonftr considered satisfactory. Today ihada and data ara much atronfar, colon have much treater light resistance, opacity ia much mere dense, texture permit* a more rapid rata of grinding. Great progress ha* bees made ia the manufacture of benxidine yeilowa ever tinea do mestic production started about IS year* ago. The present standard* are much better than foreign competition. Molybdate orange, which waa first marketart about 10 years ago, it proving to ba a vary valuable color, drama gratae today art much mere permanent to light tad grind much more easily than those of tha 193ffs. / Phthalocyanine blue, produced about 10 years ago, ia the moat ootaiaadlng blot color development during tha but 100 years, combining a high degree ef all de sirable properties with none of tha disadvantages previously known in Mae pig ments. For many yarn research had bean conducted attempting to prodoco disparted or pasta colors direct from dry-color palp without rseortiag to tha turrets of dry ing out tha water, breaking op tha lumps into a powdered dry ados, and than mixing in oil or varnish. This effort was successful fas 1939, whan a complete Una of dispersed colors and flushed inks was put on the market. Sherwin-Williams is today one of tha leading producer* of floe pigments for the point, lacquer, printing ink, floor covering, rubber, and allied Industries. When tha Company decided to manufacture intermediate* and dyes in 1914, the first attempt wet at fl-naphthol. la the Dry Color Drpottmint at Qiicago, by superintendent R. V. Brawn. It wa* soon found that the complicated msnuhctiir- iog procam was more than could he handled by the staff, to a Chemical Products Department was organised, which began to expand very rapidly. New nu were brought in and a great deal of money was invested in plus, under the gaunt supervision of H. J. Halo. Walter H. Cotdngham, president at that time, was the guiding force of this effort and the cadre program soon prograeasd tueceee fully. He wa* instrumental in organising tht American Dyes Inetitut* which brought together many chemical companies which had also undertaken ta manu facture dyes and intermediates no longer available from abroad. During the early war period the Company entered into the whole general organic color tad intermediates field, which meant that a gnat many intermediates were made, iododiag oitrobeaseae, diaitrobenscoa, inilia*, nitrotoiuenas, phenjd- tnediaminee, etc. The character of the Company wa* radically changed from that of a "Paint House." Uflwy cboniits were cnploytd* Dr. N. X. Vu Sum who become and for many years hu bean in charge ef all chemical development and manufacture. He eocceaded Dr. Nay, a Serb* chcmiw experienced ia dm manufacture's? dyaa and intermediates in Germany, who lor thru or law yarn had direct charge a? thb development W. A. Miller, L. B. May. and C XL Doeds were mssg dm ether chemists employed, Tht Sarnia-WH8amt Co. became c m ef the letting manufacturers of bosk raw mtissUs far tht organic pigments industry. Tbs major products wtra ff- aaphlhai, > uhrosnllln*, and ss-oitro-p-toiuidia*. Another major hem now ran factored ie stotieiliik During World War U the Company was the large* msaafacturer ef thb basic ingredient for sulk drags. It evan converted certain tquipment tn manufacture sulfanilamide itself. For many years L. X. May vu in charge of this department until hi* untimely death in Mar. 1946. Abo during the war, Shenrin-Williams produced Urge quantities of tibutyl phthalate, eeormma quantities of which won used for flash!os gunpowder and as a pbsticbor for lacquers. Shoraria-Wmianof fim entry into the insecticide field came about very natu rally. Walter H. Cocdagham, who became general manager in IflM, foresaw that 0007-SWP M Tn Saaawix-Wxmaits Costrjurr the farmer producing more crept through control pi insect put* would bo oblo to koop hi* tana building* and equipment well pointed. Tho Company'* distributing facilities enabled the marketing of insecticides at minimum tVpenu. through it* many paint and hardware dealer* throughout the United State*. The technically trained Mali and factory facilities for dry-color manufacture could be readily con verted to insecticides. The paint pigment Pari* green was the first item offered a* an insecticide. It was *o superior in quality that a large volume of boainem developed. However, it was alio injurious to tamo crops. Kcmareh developed that lead arsenate was safer and in 1908 the Company undertook the manufacture of the basic type in pasta form. Because of the great expense for glam packages and heavy shipping weight, dry lead arsenate of the acid type was developed in 1910 and has tinea been sold in ever-increasing quantities. The Company's Oral production of Bordeaux mix ture was as paste in 1911, followed by a dry powder under the name of Fungi Bordo in 1914. Since that time many compounds of Fungi Bordo, arsenate of tad, and other arsenical* have bean developed and marketed under proprietary acme*. Lime-sulfur solution was first produrad in 1910, Ant in Chicago, and later at many other points so as to reduce shipping cost . C Holme developed a dry form of lime sulfur in 1917 which was patented and eentinom to ho sold fa large volume Production of calcium arsenate began at Chicago in 1914, and shortly after at tho other plants. As the talcs for insecticides were developing all ovur the United State*, it was felt desirable to establish a production center In dm last In 1919 dm Frank Hemingway Co. of Bound Brook, N. J-, manufacturers of laaoctitidm sates 19U, was acquired. In 193d all manufacture of insecticides was conmlidstad at the very modi enlarged Bound Brook plant under U. L. SoamserviSe. and predurticn at Chicago was discontinued. The Company etuctad an Inaacticida plant at Oakland, Calif., in 1921, to handle the greatly increased Pacific Ceam and Western ihmamki The federal regulation against arsenic, land, and other residues left on frails and vegetable* brought about tho urn of retanom a* an ineactidde and the SharermWitliama Co. began to mareilachitt Roto-Duat ha 1934. A yaw earlier It muM the use of copper sulfate as a fungicide and as a remit, eras tha first to predict mbasic copper sulfate, now made onder tho name of Baai-Cop, Tho Company manufactures large quantities of DDT (Pmtroy); the wood killer, butyl 2.4- dichlorophcnoxyacstst* (Weed-No-More); a scientific Mend of insecticides sad fungicides including DDT, rottnooc, and other proven materials (Bog Blaster); and a very recent addition, hexaethyi tetriphosphate (KiBcx 100), for the control of red spider* and mites. Much research both in dm Company's laboratories and in foundations at cai- ieges is being devoted to the development of new products. Specialisation ia fruit and vegetable growing has brought up new problems, and trained entomnlogim and plant pathologist* an conducting retwrch kt dm field and pramntmg the Company's products to tho grower. Tho marketing ef Ineictiddm la under dm ` Bhagimmt of A. J. Gunderson. Tho incicdcldm buriama he* grown nati tho Company now handles a larger volume thaa any ottar company in the Uaimd To control men definitely dm qaaifty of point Ingrudliau. tha Company entered I of liaiiid oflt fti'l ImM lad tyvbitk ler At general mamgemot of Georg* A. Martin, than manager ef who in 1922 became preeidmt Tlw proccat mioafstturi ef wbitt pigments and Unaaed oil is managed by S. B. Cooiidgu. Msnufsetare of lead earfaooau was undertaken in 1910 by the Old Dmfi 0007-SWF-000005056 .t >uM be able to i distributing e, through it* he technically e readily ton" insecticide. It . However, it iate waa safer type in paste pping weight, net been sold ordeaux mix* itne of Fungi enat* of lead* ietary name*, later at many i dry form of large volume, y after at tha States, it was 9 the Frank a sine* 1913. d at the very production at : at Oakland, cm demand*, eft on fruits the Sherwiner it studied t to produce he Company butyl If* .eticides and ig Blaster)} r the control tions st col* .tion in fruit ntotnologisis tsentmg tha t unto the ;rown until , the United itny entered nd synthetic manager of r of white Old Dutch Tn Snsawnr-WnuAwa CoMMirr 389 process. In 1920 a Quick-Proems plant waa erected and has now entirely displaced the slow Old Dutch process. Also, a plant for the manufacture of red iced and litharge was added. As the exterior bouse point made by the Company used large tannages of leaded sine, it was decided tn enter into its manufacture. In 1904 tha G fc C Zinc Oxide Co. of Joplin, Ifo, was bought sod later moved to CoffeyviBe, Kans. near an advantageous supply of natural gas, reorganizing hi 1906 u the Ourfc Mining ft Smelting Co. Sterwia-Williama established a lithopooc plant in Chicago in 1917 and eractad a new plant at Coffeyville in 1931. The Company hat devoted much attention to the manufacture and treatment of linseed oil. In 1903 a plant tn crush Wirtcud era* erected ha Cleveland, equipped with hydraulic presses and later, with screw prsmm. Many refined and treated oils are also produced. About 10 yotn ago, when tang ofl became to difficult to procare became of the Chinese-Japanese troubles, Sterwin-WUlinms Co. was In the forefront dehydrating castor oil, which has greatly rertucM dm consumption of tang oil in varnishes and enamels. A tclvl-aimaction plant lor 1maced, earner, aad soybean oila it being erected. The development of synthetic rosins began fat 192B at Chvtiand. Having out- frown facilities by 1933, the production of synthetic resins was added at Chicago. Construction of other plants is onto way at Oakland, Detroit and Newark. Tim Company now manufactures a wide variety of alkyd and phenolic resin* and var nishes, whoso development was sopervised by Dr. J. V. Huaa mufl very recently, when ho transferred to research in oils sad was turcaodad by J. A. Arrin. Saha manager of dry colon, tnttrmsdlatts, pigment*, aad rmiae la B. M. Van Oeve, with offices in New York, and branches in Cleveland, Chicago, and San Francisco. * Shortly after World War I, the Company underwok tha manufacture of nitroetlhdoM lacquers. A wiperior preduet Open, was developed in 1922, whkh found much favor for automobiles, furniture, aircraft and many metal products. In 1926 a complete plant devoted exclusivefy to lacquers was eractad at Chicago; produc tion of laequtr materials was also undertaken at other plants. Dr. N. E. Van Stone wee tha active superintendent of this deportment for many yean, latte succeeded by F. H. Lang, present superintendent A wide variety of lacquers both dew and pigmented, also ondarcoottrs and raducsts, raprsMnt a vety lsrgs proppetion of the protective aad toortthr* oostiaga sold by the Sherwia-Williams Co. TIm ConpAsy miaid Hi )n4i^ potAt&ou 3a tHt |i3ii mmI chadol 3ndattrf through continuity of emend business management. Hoary A. Sherwia. eartiag hs lbdd, was prmldent aad general manager until IBM, trim ho appointed Water H. Cotringham as general manager altar bis eotcmtfid manogemott of tha Com pany's Canadian basinsn. la 1909 Sharwln rotirad as chalnnen of the board and Cattfaffcm v ia tppoHtid ptwMm* IHdif Ms idMiiflintidSt sod mmS Hi n* thud tn bacomt chairman in 1922, tha hadaom had grows 25-fold. TMa great toadmi hddd acquisition of Lewis Berger ft Sana, Ltd* of I/mdcui, the taMkhuttW of omnofarturing braachoa hi Australia and Now Zetland, and hi many other ritioa. Alan daring that period, the Detroit Late Works aad` Mirths-Senour Co. of Chkagu wore brought into the A. Martin enccaadte as president in 1922 after wide irpiilim at ' of the ttveral factorial producing white lead, loaded tine, limed oB, etc. Ho gretey expondod the manufacturing facilitloe and was much Interested in the ruahttihmsnt of plants in Havana, Buenos Aina, ate San Paulo, BtaaB. Hs added the buetneesee of Acme Whte Lead ft Color Work* of Detroit, Low* Broth el* Co. of Dayton, John Lucas ft Co. of Philadelphia, end W. W. Lawrence Co. of Pittsburgh. Mania was a grass leato aad brought hate the organisation many an Form D. Snu. Ine, Txa awn who irt now top executives. During hi* administration, up to A* time ho mlrod m chairman of the board in Dec. 1940, tlx businou trebled. Ho wea roeeroded u president bp Arthur W. Strudel, who had frown sp in the ranks and directed tho salt* of dyes, intermediates, dry colors, and chemicals. Under Steodei the distributisf facilities of die Company bad been fraatly retired. A tc benefit i Restart, extended and now embrace 42 warehouses, over 390 brandies in leadiaf tides New Y ail over the United States, and over ISO,000 retail outlet*. Also, many new prod* was org ucts have been introduced, ineiodinf a complete line of household polishes and Fifth A wants. DOT-insect repellent, 2,4-D weed killer, and Buff Blaster. The badness has increased over SO% line* Dee. 1940, until it now approaches S00 timat the vol Snell be lidiarp ume of the first pear. Durinff 1941-45 the Companp (applied tnormoia quantities of paints, varnishes, heqoervand chemicals far military use It also managed a The floors o shell-loading plant for the War Department This eondnuitp of good management had raided a staff of long txptritnca and Steady beredat at the dot* of 1946 there were over 13,000 uuptoyee* of when 1,020 had completed 25 peart in the Corapoop's service. Sine* dm beghmtng of tho botinets, 1401 of the p Leooart I' I have served far 25 pears or leoger and 55 completed 50 pern. The present officers of Sherwin-Williams art: A. W. Steodsl, president; H. D. Whittlesey, senior vice-president; If. J. Fortier, vice president and general mane- fa obmi only. T fa that ftr; S. B. Cooiidge. vice-president and director of tmdlisritt; C M. tunpirb, vict-praident and director of sales; L. H. Schrooder, vicwpcwlrtsnl and treaanrer; N. E. Van Stone, vice-president and txeestiv* general annsger af Instttmiwisl Tho fvpoos Satfl, I special prodocts; T. G. Murphcp, secretarp. The directors comprise Forte, C P. hoi*. Jo Jardtn (retired), Lempertp, Schroeder, Steudd, Whittletep, sod L. W. Wolcott baa baa (retired) of ShcrwiteWilliam*; A. D. Baldwin of Garfield, Baldwin, Jantitoo, Hop* ft Ulrich; C S. Eaton, Otis k Co.; George Gund, president, Qrreiaad Treat, As an ; Co.; D. A. Kohr, president. Loot Bro*.; G. E Robertson, vice-president and gen- i eral manager, Acme Whit* Land ft Color Works; That. E. Wilson, When ft Co. OSTER O. SNELL, IHC's present head, Foster Dee SntO, began corndti* F work while still a gndnt* student at Columbia University and an Inatrecfas in ehemistrp at the College of the dtp of New York. The first laboratory, how ever, was set up at Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, M, Y,, where Dr. Sadi began hash ing industrial ehemistrp in 1923, immediately after reedvieg hit Fhi>. from Columbia. Nest pear the laboratory hired in first fuU-tim* stsistint Just tftar retting her MX in chemistry, tho consultant's wife, Coradis Tyler Sadi, served as an assistant, 1925-26, bate* tominning her graduate statist la 1926 Cyril Kimball joined the Company, then a proprietorship, a* an assistant Businssa cant* la during this period from a number of industrial plants b New Jersey which were struggling to conform to a now stats bw requiring treatment of trade waste before its discharge into riven and streams. Detergents wore ten an important fiold of beeotfgntion far this group and havs continued, from tka oailp study af aBalba sdts as soap builders to current ttudlm of tpnthetic detorgmu ad other aarface-active agents. Tka coamdtiag work grow to rapMh' Hal k 1929 a ttparata hhoratorp woo opaod at 35 Myrtle Ata, Brooklyn. Next poar Dr. Sadi resignod from Pratt I an ofles at 130 Ointon St, Binokipm Bp 1929 tka hhoratorp i and had a staff of 21 At te ond of 1930 tka Companp was b Now York ante tho name of Footer D. Sadi, lac. The (rat directors ware Foster D. Sadi, president; Beatrice Fox, secrtttrp-tretmrer; Cyril 1 Kimball, Bap Hadman, and Franklin Bivins. Ffaaadag was bp law of com- SOL' set has thr Baton 0007-SWP-000005058