Document RJvpn9ODBj1zqdOY7Ko48r5zz

ij E. F. Vi.eeiVr - St. Louis u October 21, 15^8 . 5*. T',.L:elly<. n.*w0.I!..Hunt I V; Polychlorinated riphcnyls in tlic Environ.r.ent fciC k i * * ***?" C. Pay ten - C7ATT W. R. Richard . / P ijAy UBICH ( K. Bergen - JEERS . W. K. Johnson - W'JOKN ` o* Attached is t Xerox copy of a technical pcper which Scott Tucker and I picked up in Washington recently. Inis vacs provided us_ . by Cons Id A. Spencer cf the national Agricultural Chemicals Assoels:lcn. ;:r. Spencer requested that the paper bo bold "ccnfidanSia1" until such time is it cay be published. *f j Spencer indicated that, if this paper vers distributed one of hia principal "sources" would refuse to give hia prepublica- ticn infonsaticn in the future. . Risetrsegh's presentation (the attached) was cade at a seetins of 20 to 30 toxlcclcgists held at the University of Rochester in June. The meeting './as billed as "The First Annual Confareoc on Toxicologyf and was undcr-./rltten presumably by tt\e ABC which has had contracts at Rochester for many years. Attendance was by invitation only. . .*' *i xi The meeting dealt "exclusively1' with pesticides with abdfBt one-third cf the papers relating to me rcur;/. As far as Spcheer knows the papers, including .ths attached, will undoubtedly bs printed as proceedings of the conference although I suspect individual authors were given permission to publish elsewhere- In a fe words, Rlsetrough has found PCs along with chlorinated pesticides in.a number of species cf fish and birds along the California coast as well as In waters off -Ea ja California and Central America. Us further reports PC3 in fish frea the Channel Islands and Puget Sound. Mo ?C3 was detected in the liver of turns taken In the Galapagos Archipelago. Scott Tucker is going to scrutinize the analytical aspects and particularly the validity cf some of the assumptions cads by the author. A A -3 Elmer P. Wheeler i `ea . Attachment - ./ > PRR 050542 SC* 091029 BCHIBSTMQ.. R.a. // -M.vws'u-4..j-- ,-k;.;wv' . ---- hartoldi' .-. ' cr^cti:.`Ares iiYbr.ocAr.w.T :x .L 'f .. f <*/, K'jjaVhT'-'^ R. v. Z:~1. rough .- Institute of Jt.iri r.e Resources Department f nutritional Science* University of California, freci-clay ABSTRACT Polychlorinated Mpiientla. wltieh are widely used at plasticisers and In Che unufacr.urc of oany industrial g.'nevet p, ar.d tW. DOT eopounds have be:n found to be widely distributed In vcrloc eeosysteas of ti;e Pacific Oercn. Marine birds contain higher concentrations than tlsli; tissue* of the Peregrine Tnleon hnve contained toe highest concentrations which have been so far recorded. The rr1 "cl.furinated / 'Mphc.iyls have n't vet bear, detected in ear-pies of airborne pnrticulatso kbut tlisir e'-'rv.-d J.'tr Ihut i on in the e"i ir.d.lcrto.s tlint they'are -y diapers ;u 1/ wind e< *'-. i rT'i.ei r cffuc.lt u^n sutural' populations, including r.aa, are as yet unhewn. The WIT compound* sre else aceuwulatin; in cli" ir.a and are present in liighast concentrations . ; in earino birds. TTieir d 1stribu*loo indicates that eras ral area* . are not the primary sources of eaneaalnation of thepclagit. tpsciva.: A quantitative approach to the problem of aerial trsnsf.nri of pesticide* to the sea has bees ride by analysing the pesticide content of airborne pcrcieulacss. T.ie result* indicate that wind transport * V- ran account far ti.e "f.t'.TV.^d divrributltn of DDT `erpounds in the Call/onti' waters and t'.inr the ar.aunt of pesticides entering the tropical Atlantic as faileut ftps Ilia N'ertliear t Trades is cos.,iurabl to that entering the sea froa a major river system. ` ` RETORT The accumulating evidaaee that no pate of the 'ferld is now l;ir o`f pesticide residues, the products of atomic explosions, or of a variety of industrial pollutants has produced subtle but profound changer In our tor.e.tpta of renoccncss, isolation, and cf our ova pesltlea in the uerldwidr eer.s>itci. unite has ->fivt:r bacn any " . quest lea'chat local eeeryitres say be irreversibly changed by die introduceioe of synthetie ehdsleois, whether these introductions be purposeful er incidental. 'The sea is the doainaat feature of Che world-wide ccusystca. The accumulation of significant amounts of several pollutantn In marine organisms, pollutants whieh are noa-^elar and tncrefere va: ur-inarluble but lipld-ssluble, not only elicits an uncertainty cbeut the long-tera utilization ef the sea. as & source of human fssd, but iui suddtrtly raised ti; question of' the ultimate survival . of a nunbor ef species ef sea birds. Tlicse coaprlse a very large f raeti>*i. ut the world's wildlife and doubts about their future would hove been considered . _preposterous and unr-nehj e oaly ? or 1 years age. . . __ ** * `' *'* ' * ' ** . ` ' fRR 050543 . SCM 05103Q HARTOLDMON0026128 rerl>.i;'." Ii e j<-. <'--''I' tills have provided t lie pcvtleide -.or.l .tv ir..>t lor, pf St teiilw <1 i / t r il.miau rv-.itle tvid^nrr at i,, the t;,,Ucw Sv.u.t ' Aflri clst-hcre -* ** f n^uri'ily e i sli d of non il or in* llio levels in njjor river ' cyiLCMS (2,7). In *pUe eC tlic low solubility of chlorinated hydreeatl.ot.a ia water ft), eli-sir tendency to pass into the vapour phase (14,1,5,0,12), their persistence In sells (3,10,10.', and their presence in \-.ry. low concent rat Inns in souc streses draining areas of intensive applleacior (17), rivers do transport large about.t of stable, prrs I strnt peitielde* re the sea. A largo proportion of these- poscieldcs are adserbed to silt p.ai tides .lua. are p-.rt of the runoff .ires areas of application. Thu, the Sacraments and San -'o.iquIn rivers, which drain the Central Valley of California, one of Ute most heavily pescieided areas of the world, annually bring about 1,500 kg of chlorinated, hydrocarbons into San Treatlseo f ey (2,21), and the Mississippi contribute* about 10,006 lt| of thn Cull of-Meal to (7,21). When the Institute of Marine Resources began e study of the distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons in tsarina fish, we expected to find, therefore, much higher levels In the fish from San frnneiseo Jay than-in tho-fl-ch -froa the Pacific Ocean (24). Tlie data of Table I, however, show that collections of -the northern Aneltovy and of the English Sole froa tho coastal waters contained a aa such at or significantly r.ore total DOT residue .than did the colloctlons ' froa San Francisco lay. Total DDT eoneentrations were Highest In tho tollectloo froa waters off Los Angeles, but anehovins froa the Channel Islands area off . Port Huencee alto contained significantly sera residue than Che anchovies of * San Francisco Say. Since no eujer river aystea enters the Pacific Oceao fro* Southern California, the source of these pesticides could not be agricultural drainage waters. Similarly, the data of Table 11, which set forth the dfstributioo of total DDT residues.and of polychlorinated biphcoyl* in several collecElofts --of aarlr.e fish, Including nhiner PerrS fr: San Francisco Day, Bake, Jaefcf* Mackerel and F.nglith Sola froa the coastal water* of California, Eluefin and " -- Yrllsruf in Tunas froa water?. off Saja California and Central America, and Ckfpjacic Tuna fro= South ,'u-cr J ta and the Central Pacific, show that a loot t all total POT residue levels fall within the range of 0.2 and 2.C parts per aillion, wwt weight, including those In the Eluc/in and Yellowfin Tunas,' which are sate ' pelagic. Only the Yall-'fio Tuna from the Calnpages region and tho Skipjack Tuna contained lover total pesticide residues. Tho majority of fresh-water . fish fros Wisconsin analysed by the Wisconsin Conservation Department in 1913 contained less than 0.2 ppm of total DDT residue (27). Moreover, fish froa a scream in Wisconsin which drained an orchard where chlorinated hydrocarbons Had been intensively applied over the years contained lower pesticide residue then did ths urine fish froa the Pacific Oceen (17). These ecabined observations indicate that it is very unlikely that pesticides in oarine fish have originated only In coastal waters erntaslr.ited by local agricultural runoff. . * The polychlorinated biphenyls {PCS) oeeutring in fish and other sarin* organises are assumed to be Industrial pollutants. They are used extensively in industry jt plasticisers end in the nanufocture of paints, resins, eleetriesl insulators and ether products, and ere available in railway car asouncs. Sines they *-.* vers stable, resist degradation, have sigallieant vapour pressures, are poorly eolublp in water and highly solubla in lipid, ft is inevitable that they should be concentrated in biflngiesl systems. Their cltcoieal structure is -* PRR 05054% SC 051031 `r ,jn respect.-. inilar in that of several elilurln.-tced li/tiroc-rhon pestjefdcs, IneJu'.lBC OUT .w.J ilie. Iwntine hex.icli! ~r lues, so that It is to U expected that lltey would Uihave nie-iinrly in thsir w*vh*-:m I tlirw-h rce: yrtras. ?Wy are Jy toxic Co tua when inhaled as vapours 15, Z-5) and tl.e uare heavily chlorinated . components have greater t ur i e J t y. Thuir presence i n concentrations as high as , ` ' one part per aiU'ton on * uei weight bn*< a, And several tints higher oa a lipid weight basis, in species which are used as huaan food, should be a natter ef considerable eonerrn. At the prescat tiae It is not entirely clear how the PCI enter marine food chains, hut they eeold easily be introduced into the acaosphara ' as vapours during n.inufseturlne processes, when high temperatures increase , vapour pressure, or by gradual volatilisation ever a period of tiae or even > when anceriAls containing tnea are incinerated. ' The PCI peats had been evident in ehroostogrxis of eur extracts of aarlae fish and birds but reaalrr-d vnider.ti f led until late In 1)67. Extracts of tissues-------- and of an uuhatchcd egg of a Peregrine Falcon, a speeies whose d-reline and local --extinction has frequently been attributed ts pesticides, contained exceptionally high amounts of tha unhno.-n eoapeunds (22). Atccnpti to identify then were '" unsuccessful until reports appeared froa Sweden 130) and froa Great Britain (14) that PC3 had been identified in wildlife with the uae it oaaa spectrograpby and gas-liquid ehroaatography, respectively. The pull laired ehrointcgran (14) was ' virtually identical with those we had obtained free the Peregrine Faldbos. . *- extracts. * i'V- ; The eoxrterelel TC8 preparations are mixture* of several coopounda. J3B these, those having cho following retentloa tinea relative to p,p'-DOZ oa EC-200 end Qr-1 column hare been detected la aarinc fish and birds! -_ Tha ieCention tinea ef the three principal peaks are underlined. Siallar values for the DC-200 eoluec have been reported ftea txUacta of seals froa the Kerch Atlantic (13). Eecsusa of the similarity *f retention dees, It ,1s evldane that * large ceeunta of PCS will Interfere vith the determination of p,p'-DC0 and p,pf-DBT on BC-100 eoluans and with p,p'.-COO on QF-1 coleans. Conversely, in txsny extracts,' ' * the PCS -content esa'bo dec-'rained oaly after Dhf) and DOT havs hoeu removed by sapenlfleatloa with alcoholic KOll. The quantitative ncara resent a of tha fCl compounds weca ssfs as follows: It was ssu=ed that each produce* tha sese peak height in the electron capture detector as the ease acount, by.Height, of p,p'-DDt. `After sucadng the contributions el the Individual peaks, the total was multiplied by 4.2. Keasurerencs of standard solutions by this method _' yielded results dost to tlie predicted unless and to these obtained by (-ensuring the total halegeq content vith the oicrocoulonctric detseter. ' _ ' . 'a Keasureeer.is ef the ?C5 in Ok: fl'ti extracts were sutda from pealed extracts. UnliUu.the DDT eor.pounds, the PCBa, appear to be relatively more abundant li* Son-- * ' * PRR 050545 SCM 051032 HARTOLDMON0026130 ^` Frin;l.'.= c Buy, tut their pretence in Ye 1 lowf In Tuna taken off Central America Indicates a wide c*''Crphlca 1 riiairitutlnn. . Concentrations of the chlorinated hydrccartcns, both pesticide and K3 tend to be an oroer of tncJs higher in caMr,e birds than in fish, in * "able III ere listed the total DDT and PCB concentrations in tissues and in entire birds cf several species. Table IV lists the DDT and PCB content of these egs so far analysed. The latter values will eventually be a Iso expressed as parts per million, lipid weight. ^ From the data in Tables III and IY it is evident that both DDT and the polychlorinated biphenyls are widely distributed among marine birds, which are. the terminal carnivores of a complex variety of food chains in the sea. Sooty and slender-billed shearwaters are pelagic species which breed in Kew Zealand and Australia, respectively and wnieh spend the southern winter - in the northern Pacific. Rhinoceros Auklets er.d Ancient F.urreiets breed on the coasts of British Coluubla and Altai:*, whereas Kitriwakes, Fulears and Red Phtralcpes treed in Alaska and the Canadian Arctic. All of these specimens were collected in California, so thac it.is not clear how much DDT and PCB the birds had ingested on their breeding grounds. In the pelagic bird species, in most of the fish from the ocean and In the other specimens frea areas feasts from sites of application, such as Baja California, the ratios of DDT to PCB are of the sans order of magnitude and oast values art between 5 and 15, If both PCB and DDT were dispersed around the world by the same transport system, their relative concentrations in "remote* areas would very likely be similar. Additional data art needed to.support this hypothesis; eggs from trepleal regions and from Antarctica have-been obtained and will eventually be analysed.. . i ~) . In aany cf the specimens frea San Francisco Bay end San Diego'Bay this -- rati is close to cne. Absolute eonsentratims ef PCB also tend to be higher, suggesting that the nest important sources of contamination are local. The sample sizes of Tables III and IV are very small; many samples, however, remain to be analysed. Only tentative suggestions can be made frea the data, but a 'consistent pattern is evident. Thus, the Vestem Cull egg from San Francisco Bay and the Pigeon Guillemot egg frou the coast near San Francisco contained more PCB than the egg of etch species from the Faralions. Of the two night horen eggs analysed, cne had an "ocean" profile high DDE, 1 cm p, p'-DOT and DDD, high DDT/PCH ratio; the other had a ^bay" profile. The Caspian and Forster's Terns nest side by side on the dikes In San Diego Bay, yet the DDT/7CB ratio is much lower In the Caspian Terns, which feed primarily along the coast, than in the F-orster's Terns, which feed along the brackish end fresh-water dikes and canals. The two California Peregrine Faleona had both been feeding in San Francis-eo Bay. prior to capture; in both th ratios of DDT to PCB are near unity. Tbs high DDT 'concentrations recorded in ths Bermuda Petrel /J27 and in the Skua frea Antarctica /S67, which are species of the high seas,-also indicate that coastal regions t;er not the primary source of contamination. A quantitative approach to the problem of aerial transport of pesticide over the sea has been made by measuring pesticide concentrations in airborne ' '. PRR 0505*6 SCH 051033 HARTOLDMON0026131 u KJ ii i If v>.* r8 l7' ) 5-,cr tli? f*?" year, Co'dlcrg, Griffin -"rf rtlrid at ifc-t )r,r. M.iUuiio.. Ocvanogr.iphy have collected n< rlornv port itul.-vte utter "(>fl nj Jen r.eah serremi coated with glycerin which had l- en uouni cJ on the Scrlpp* ' pier fit La Jolla. Dust collected en alien screens in ci-veral areas t*f tire vjrld luiJ previously bcn shown to cur-tain. the xlncral tale ii. cur.ccnlratIona euch . hijlier than expected on the basis f 111 natur.-.J distribution (31J. Talc has been extensively used as a diluent for prsc'cJdes, io addition to ocher industrial applications. Moreover, the rote at which talc has eeen deposited on glaciers shows a sign! f fc--ic Increase alter I960 (31). -Analysis of the airboroo due: . collected on the Scrip,ns Pier showed that pesticides, predestnacely p.p'-DOT . were present in cer.cent rations ranging f one to eightyone porta per nlllioo, corrrtpnr.tllng to a rean value of 7 x 10 grass per cubic octer of air. The ` nct.h&d iractisnates ug.itnct those citcrials carried oa particles less than. ' several si era or present cs vapours. This value is therefore a. lower Unit _ ' of the asount of ehlarintted hydrocarbons in the air. Mo PCS peaks wars . obtevvod in the ehrouacograra of the dust extracts. These were then pooled. ' concentrated, and saponified in oroer to degrade DDT and DDD. PCX was not present in the saponified extracts and a naxisun concentration of 3 pph was calculated for the dust saeplcs', 10,009 tines lower than that hi tho total pesticides. Since the racier. ;f PCS tn DDT observed in fish and birds is ruich higher, it would appear that the ?C2s resain ns vapours in the air and do not adsorbate . particulate setter. In the near future vs hope to obtain air sanplct tt/hith ' " have been passed through a cold cHaxbtr la which PCS*. pesticides and other. . compounds present as vapours would condemn. ' j> . ` .' The winds at the Sctipps pier in La Jolla are predeslnantly landward 4ith .an unknown fr-.ctlen of air fres nearby agricultural areas. Although the l&th ^ of V.ncwlrJge about air eire-jIntton patterns and fallout rates oaken difficult at the present tinn a cal tul stiun o' the asour.ts of yscicidcs brought to the coastal waters of California by winds, such c tr.-v.rport lystrs could account for the unexpected geographical distribution of the DOT c&pewtds in .flab. . The.Science research Council of the United Eingdoa had earlier eounted a siailar screen en the eestern tip of the island of Bntbadng La an acceape ' to collect extraterrestrial dust of eutparite origin. The Northeast Trades ` at Barbados have blown over 3000 kilesecers of the ernpieal Aelaneie and it was theroioie considered highly unlikely that any dust accuaulatlbg s the screen could be o* continental origin. This assucpclon was, however, In error) since significant quantities of airborne particulars material were eolleeted on the scieca which upon aineralop.ical and biological rsaisinaclon proved to be cost likely froa Africa and Europe. Fallout rates of the dust ever the . tropical Atlantic and lea contribution to the bottoa sedlscnes were calculated (11. Crsa saspics were subsequently asdu available to us' for analysis. The con centrations of pesticides In the dust ranged frun less than one pare per billion to 164 ppb, Vith sa average value cf 61. Knowledge of the falleut rate ever ' the oe-tan coda possible an cstsoate cf the quantity of pesticides entering ths tropical Atlantic between tho Equator and 30* K. This figure, a ainlaua value since ths >wvwvery of very stall particulate eaterlals was low, vas 600 kilograms a year, vhieh compares vith tho value of 1,509 kilograms entering San. Pranclseo- day in the San Joaquin and Scerne-cnto Riverr (21). It cannot be concluded that thie nestieldes had originated c-.ly in Afrlea; the DDT residues accumulating . . ' PRR 050547 v SC 051034 b*--=-- HARTOLDMON0026132 u KJ the fare ar.-id deeliiiJnf, trroiia fetrel [12) might have ease (roa any part f / ,j* vrlJ. ' . t Kost ef the chlorinated hydroearbun content of the pnrtieulAie oat crial ef rjrtne air consists ot p.p'-ODT, |>,f>'"hl'K, hove vet, eooprisex the large prepost loit of the total RUT In oarlnc fish and'birds. The percentage of. DOE is lover in fish froa Sait Francisco Cay and Fu^et Sound; DDT and ODD are eenparalively sure abundant. DOC, however, comprises only 22Z ef the total DOT residue entering San Francisco Cay ir. the Can Joaquin' Hirer (2 J and In bottom xud, where anaerobic conditions eight pcevail, DOT can be expected. to be converted to CRD rattier than to ORE [IS,29). Froe mw--Xian end insect toxicity studies it has been concluded Owe ROC ie relatively harslets. Reccst research at the Patukcm LMldlife Research Center, however, have indicated chat the toxicity of DDE to birds Is smeh higher then expected and say bo about one half that of p,p`-DOT (2S). Like p,p'~007, p,p'-DDE is capable, of inducing liver epsxidese e.ixyses [11). Such cnxynes degrade sex horxones:by hydroxylating them (19J and thereby nay affect calciua BCtabellso.' Ks 'evidence of abnormal caleiuo rscabollsa hot yet been observed la tea birds, but a significant decrease in eggshell weight ef several birds of prey la Britain after the Second World War is evidence of a fuadaeeatal' change.la.that environment (20). . # The effects of the bCJ coapounds upon natural populations resale. uakhotra. The highest concentrations to far recorded were In an adult feaale .'olegr-te* Talcon from Califcrnla, where the species has recently undergone a sharp decline [2-2). .. 1 : . Application ef the persistent biocides and the release of nandegrsdabla - waste products into the environment have frequently been justified by arguueets that point out the: local populations of organ.! sos remain relatively unesnesmiaat and thar, especially in the case of die chlorinated hydrocarbon Insecticides, even the persistent eoopeunds disappear with tine. It is abundantly 'clear char' these arguments have bceese oi. leading, irrelevant, and wrong. Pollutants do go everywhere. Those which are nen-pelar, water-lnuoluble and which iave . finite vapour pressures will eventually appear In aarine food chains. The DDT compounds and the polychlorinated biphenyls have already done so to so alarming degree. : PRR 03054ft ' .SC* 051035 w TABU I ,eiiduesJ in collections of Eortlicrn Anchovy (Fn rrnulIs jutdax) sr4 4ili Sole (Parunbry* vrmlut.J) from Sin Fror.ci.sco liny anti California seal viters. 4 <' 4, / . /. / Species / locality, data t* 1 Mean Wt Cc) P.p'-DOE^ Total BBT ' .. Kerchrn Anchovy # Sen Trineisco Bey July 29, 1945 Sin Trsnelieo by Novcubex *, 1965 . Monterey Mnveaber 30, 1965 Morro ley June 1C, 1963 Port JIuenene Tebruiry 24, 1966 17 29 . 30 29 13 12.4 . (6-22) 0.21 +0.03 4.0 (2-3) o.n . 0.03 26.5 (21-33) 0.61 +3.19 23.9 (19-33) 0.45 +0.12 11.6 (2.6-21.3) 2.44 +0.77 0.39 0.11 o.oi 0.04 0.90: +0.2-2.(_ 0.76.:; 0.23 l 3.04 * " 1.00 * Terninal Tslsnd Los Anccles, June 23, 1965 English Sole * Ssa Tranelseo Bey July 29, 1963 44 _ XI 11.7 (6.3-20) ` 10.2 2.1 14.3 (5-33) 0.16+0.02 Sen Freaeisen Bey Rovesber 4, 1963 . 33 17.3 (7.3-53) ' 0.13 0.03 San Treatises lightship Deeeatrr .1, 1163 4 Hoataxey February 25, 1966 .13 - 233 )175-306) . . ' rs' * 195 (19-262) 0.12 0.03 0.33 3.13 14.0 1.9 o.'ss 0.07 0.35 c.u . 0.19' . 0*04 0.7# 8.16. * * ' * ' .. * free I. V. P.lsebrau-h, D.B. Kernel, D. 3. Hat tin, Jr,, and H. S. Olcott, In preparation. DDT residues Include the tvs iuepers of DDT,pp'-Dar PRR 05Q549 SC* 091034 I I. f . ' --------- HARTOLDMON0026134 I / `s' -S ! ./ / oo 7ACLE I, crntinwad and ,p'*C7T and tbelr aclAlKtlic derivations: p,p'-DO,. p,p'-D3D an& p.p'-KXOJ. . ' * wet veljbi patt* par nJllims, scans, standard errati, J.'t ew-ildnxa llaiea . . '. .i = i' i i J c jt i .( 4, * 7TZ PKH 0S05S0 o%to^ i HARTOLDMON0026135 DDT * and ln;*rrd TABU II 0`cn) re-* J dura in ntIe flak* Spades,' locality, jata KertUera Anehvy It Mean tft. Total . * . pa ' BBT/FOi * . <6) DDT P.p'-DBS a . *. * Trroinal Talan4 June 23, 2963 Shinnr Parch ' 66 11.2 .16.0 (6.3-20) 1.9 83 . 1.0 , 14 San rranclace lay . 16 October 20, 1963 San Trariciea-7l7 October 20, 1963 10 3.3 1.0 (6-6) o.i 26.7 1.6 (10-68) 0.3 28 1.2 33 ' *0.4 0.1 3:.S . l 't * * San Franclaeo *ay November V, 1965 Ensliah 'Sole a *. ' San Francisco lay July 29, 1965 c 15 11 13.3 (6-69) 1.1 +0T.1 16.3 0.55 (3^33) 0.07 33 1.2 25 9.11 0.9; ; -U . .5 * `* *. San Francisco lay 13 13.3 0.55 .24 Kev&tbar 4, 1963 ' (7.3-53) 0.12 0.11 S ' San Francisco llfihtship, Doc. 1, 1963 Mentorey February 13, 1964 Jack Mackerel IS 233 0.19 (175-306) 0.04 43 * 0.03 4 ' 13 * 193 (69-262) 9.76 0.16 70 0.04 . 19 ` . 3) 81.6 0.36 37 0.02 21 Xeveaber 22, 1963 . ' (63-161) 0.10 . - t' Sake ? ... * . , *. - Puee $evn4 January 29, 1966 22 281 0.18 23 0.26 1.1 (183-330) 0.05 " PRft 050351 : . . . '1 sew 091031 . " r' HARTOLDMON0026136 1/ * } V > r*. f i 4 r >>: * . ^ C'j ', ^ * *: . C 4 } ^ 'A $ ' ' ,n * 1V&J . :4 % ^'1 \ ** H: .i * i . *l __K J 1 .H : ` *rs _ ~3 -.3 i 9 * -i 4 *- 'IS V in . ' c*a 3 ,1 3 U " s,-*l #3 . .7 . KJ ., u ". * 'TAftE II, continued / ' * #, . \ * 3'. - ` Maks ` ' , Dianna l Islands Tehruary 24, 13 6A Bluofla Tana* 4 3M (51-122) 1.6 . 1*1 , 66 0.12 13 Body raisela 7 _ ' 0.54 43 0.04 14 44.24 D ... .. Liver * * *, * Tellevflo Tuna Liver4 Liver* Skipjack Tuna ' -* Liver* ' Body Kusele* Liver*1 _ Uver1 .* * ' .. .t -- 13- -- u -- 3-- 13 -- 23 -- 12 --. * 0.22 0.13 45 0.04 . i . 0.07 U 'HD* +0.02 >7 `; 0.62 30 0.04 13 0-1* X t- 0.057 23 ff.l 0.051 It 40.014 XO 0.054- 11 NO +0.023 . 0.029 +0.006 21 NO o.l >30 >30 >20. * fr m*ehtoyh at al. fai)Conccntratlent in vet veighc, part a par . ail}ion. Soane, standard errors, 952 confidenca llalca . ** 8 Northern Anehery (EnrrauUs vordst), Seiner Perch (Cvfrsf eensfet rrtrafa). English Sale (Paronhrva vtulu). Tacifie Jack Mackerel (Trnchunis tvwcatrieux). Uako f;->rluceiui nroductus). Llaefin Tuna (Tmmnus thvmrus}. Tellewfia Tuna fThunnus alhacartt). Skipjack Tons ftutlivnnea pclaeis).'. Isla CtrMliM, Baja California, Aug. 29, 19(5 Twer Islam), Calapagos Arehipelago, Hot. i, DU 3 .D. not detected, leas Lhaa 0.01 * PRR 050552 *C 05*0j9 HARTOLDMONOQ26137 * / // . 'vj TASLf Z1 coniinurd 1 Central Aseriea (90* V, * K) Ae. 23, 19C3 * liawall, XovctJjcrr, 1963 ... ' ** Calspagoa Islands, Keve*l>er and Decenter, 1963 * Cape Fasada, Ecuador, September 1, 1965 J PR* 050553 sc* OS1040 a * ' _ * .`` - "' *ii HARTOLDMON0026138 r- V- ' ... u.' .*>*! IT ! ^i * *rf'~ :::u v]. ; & *w w : tabu m . a '. v DDT and 1*0 rw*<dues in wri Mtvs *nd ir -hr Peregrine fa Icon Species, . locality, date AOt.nl pm* Z DDE ' PCI DDT/fCI Casein's Auklet^ 3.6 96 0.16 36 Ancient Kurrelt*. ' . . Fulmar* Fulmar* 0.73 0.41 3.4 *0 o.u 5. ' 76 0.06 3- 69 . 0.34 10 , * Bed Fhalnrope* 0.76 ' 79 0.10 6' Khlnecuros Auk.let'* ' _ . 2.7 Slender-billed shearwater* 32.0 9? 92 . 0.36 .1 . - t i- 2.1 U _ Sooty shearwater^ 12.3 94 1.2 Sooty slia'ar.-seer^ Peregrine Falcon* 10.3 a. 66 0.9 12 ~' r- breast evade, seeond . year feaale, si grant free Arctic 104 It a .. ' 22 * *# 4.3 *, breast sued*, inmatura Call/omlo . 131 -. ' ' 99 10.3 . 1.2 .. breast auselo, adult iusale, California 'a 112 ' 16 * 109 1.0 . . at frM Us abrevgh .et si. (23) and *Blscbrovgh, Eirren and Herman (22); b: rntlrt bird analysed, except Peregrine Fali.tts; e: Includes p,p*-DDT, `p.p'-IJOfi, *p,p'-BSS, p.p'-WETJ, p.p'-DOE; ports per nllllea, vet weight; .. ` dt PtvchoracoWus sleutleus. adult Ceanle, rsrallon Islands, April, 19(4; . ** Synth)Ibcry-rhu* sntlcuua. Monterey Bay, Sow. I, 1966; f: Fulswrus . glnclalls. Kenttrey Bey, Xaw. 1, 1966; g: rt>sVnrr>we fuHcrrlus. Monterey ley, Kev. 1, 1966; h: CerorMnra nnnncrtatn. Monterey Day, Row. 1, 1966; . *s .PaCCinue tenjlragtrls. Monterey Bay, Dec. 12, 1966; J: fufflnus r.rlseus. . } Ksaterey fcay, Rev. 1, 1916; kt /rea kUsbraugb, Rlrven end Uerann (22). ' . sen `051061 P8R 050556 i '< < r :>P:i3r'ir":Wi-**'' *** HARTOLDMON0026139 TAMX IV 03? and res content in e^gs m( severe! Hrd species. Species, locality X Votei I $c$B 0BT/F-3 wr F.P'- doe . . Bsendt's CenetMt^ (rhelsereearsK penicillatus) ' Fere!!on Islands Pelsgl'e Comoran*. (r.'a) jcrocoraa pelar.iojs/ ' Sen Hates Co. Calif. . D Hurre Urla eelet . - Ferellon Isisals ' Pigeon CuXliraoe Cghus f.rrll Ferelloa Islands . - ' Ssa Kate* Cs. . ' e * * ' 17 326 91 113- 2.9 . e . ' '. . 2 121 to (123-130) s 42 2.1 (46-73) - - ; . ,, * *e 4 1943 :: m S3* (932-3621) (364-1010) A. 3 . . . s 1 110 . 1 103 . 93 -20 91 ' <2 .. ' ' '. ' - S.S 1.7 * . Cassia's Anklet ' Ptyehorasahus aleueicus s ,, - ' * Farallpc Islands 2 147 97 13 10 . ; .. (127-117). (12-11) .- Vaster* 0*11 *' a .. 6 - , _ Mss ^UsUMl ' . . ' Fessllea X&lm4a . 1 ' 423 93 114 3.6 - 'Sen Hatee 6fi '1 D . Sett rraacisc* Is? . .* . *. *. . . 233 4SI 94 ... U* 17 ; 40 2.1 0.95 __ - 9RR 030555 , . . ' ;' * .* ** *' t * . . * . ` . . ' % SCM 031042 , --__ ' r i HARTOLDMON0026140 . w 1>*. cent lauri ` llaek-e Xih: Harm Uvetl eerax nyetttora* Su rranclaco li; ( * a' / l 341 If 330 1.4 . i 49 W 24 34 Caspian Tarn Ey^rcT>rom# eairtia Sn Francla" t--o lay' e t ,. 1219 9 (1216-1322) 1 603 1.7 (440-930) (1.3-2.0) San Dlege Bay . Feracers Torn St*ma foratarl ' * San Diego Cay * least Fetrsl . R.'locvotera nferoaora ' laja California Tartgrina Falcon* Faleo nrrarrlnwn * 3 1430 II 1010 1.4 (911-242") (330-1400) . * 2 443 19 11* (394-732) (9W37) t 3-4 ' , . ', 2. 30 " (23-37) 44 ' ' ./ * * &4 3.1 10 (1.7-3.0) t $a ' / ' '! ' Baja California 2 4130. 97m 10 . . a: totalnlcragrantt fc< samples p*ol4 far fCS anolya(a. pip'^DOt (Mtcac rt;ci Ires 63 t* 1240' olerograaa; ei ft** fUbr*uj^M, UrvM, lanii (22). * ' .** * // 0>Q)U , ' S/04J HARTOLDMON0026141 rxyntom tlj AC2EE, f., JE., BCT.OZA, H., BOKtVI, K.C. J. ,'Cr. rood Cbmm. U (1533) 271. J2) EATLET, T.7.., lIArrrUK, J.&., J. Sanit. Eng. W. Aer. Sc. Civil Enrs. H (1907) 27. 1 . f3) W.X, X.. Lrrziuirr;., 2.?., PXAliEX, 8., Ah1. Kierok. 12 .. (1567) 67. {*] fco--r`w*:, :j. c. , agree, r., j*. , corbett, m.e. , j. Acr. rood o>**, . 1 (1900) 104. ... . IS) IGZ'M*, K.C. , ACUTE, IV, JX., LOFCREX, C.S., kUOZA; W., Science 1*6 (1904) 1480. . 14} 2CVX4K, M.C., ACAGE, A., JR., SCHHIDT, C. , BEXOZA, H., J. .Ecob. Er.coool. Si, (19S9) 1033. ' 17) 3nxt3t::sACj:, a.w. , cujciEiesox, c.c., KAV.VJIAKA, r.x., ucjrrsiBae, J.J., cxrrx, X, S., Public Ilcalth Rope, IT (1347) 139. 1*3 on.Arnrr, a.c. , deialtp, a.c. , parkiu, o.u., cms, j.j., . v COLSSEAC, E.B., XEIHAXX, S.E.?., Coochla. Godochla. Acta * ' n. (i?67) 8ss. .. .; [9] Oocuenution oi Tnashold Lisle Values, 4J, (Coxoittea on Threshold . Lisle Values, ArarJ :ao Conference oi Covarv^aatal industrial* . . Sygenlsts) 1964. 1 ' fioj r/j'irr, j.e.`, timatEx, j.j., tvxmex, h.e., raticides Merit. j.,. ; 1 * (1908) 30. . ; 111) C1UXTT,. J.V.k CUtf, T.H., TEXXIKZX, L.C., Ar. rood Cm. H. i * (I960) 340. IU) CLARIS, C.P.., LlDfTEJSTEin, E.P., J. Eeon. Eat owl. jU (1961) ' 1038. ` * . ,. 113) SOLOES, A.V., KAESDEM, X., Kature 7L6 (1967) 1274. * ' 1141 25UXS, D'.C., sx;;:css, J.H., TATTC.N, J.O'C., !Utur 216 (1967) 227. I IS) J0SECS03, B.T., GOOQMAH, X.H., CSLBIOS, B.S., Seleses Hi (2967) * #* (16) LicrrctsTrix, i.p., axdexsos, j.t., nniuxAsa, t.u., sorou, x.l, Science H| (1961) 1110. . - 117) HOCSTCT, X.J., HELM, J.M., MTXBAL, C.X., reseicldes KenitVj. X * . 4 (1968) 27. '. (18] KASS, R.C., VOOUOX, E.A., Science lj7 (1947).924. (19) PEACALL, D. 1., Mature 2H (1967) SOS. ", . 123) XADCLim, D.A., Batura 213 (1967) 208. . 121) .X2SKXOUCB, X.W., HUCCET, R.J., CtHTff, J.J., COLDBEXC, I.B*., . ttiutt HE (1968) 1233. [22] XlSEAROUSa, X.V., XIXVTX, N.K., lltJKA.1, S.C., In preparaeiea (23) jasdUUQl, X.V., IXKZXL, 8.1., KAKT1M, D.J., JX., OLCOTT, I.S., * hUM 216 (1967) Sit. . (26) XISEaXOUCM, X.U., XQtZEL, E.3., HAXTIX, 8.J., JX., OLCOTT, B.8., in prepvitlM. . . # (IS) SAX, X.l., Cancerous Properties Industrial fliestesla, * Xsiaheid, Kew Tort, (1963). .- ------" .. PXX 05557 ' .. ' SCN 091044 r t t i ____ HARTOLDMON0026142 u REFMOICES, continued (26) TATTON, J.O'C. , RUZICKA, J.ll.A., Nature ?J_5 (190?) JO6. (17] TlKBfPSQ^, 3.X, , Wisconsin Conscrvati >r Department Survey Rupert, February 1*, 1966. . (28) United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wlldllis Service; Wildlife Research Problems rro-r.-.ics Trogress 1966 Resource Publication 42, Washington, b.C. . (29) WOJK."XYER, G., Science 152 (1966) 64?. . (30) Wltt-UR)*., C., J. /US. Off. Anal. Chets. 50 (1967) 1069. (31) VIKDOM, H., CRIFFIX, J.J., COf-DORRC, F.D., Environ. Sci. Tcchnol 1'(1967) 923. . (32) VURSTIR, C.F., JR., WINGATE, D.B., Science JW, (1568) 979. (33) Tlit National Science Foundation, (grant CP 0362) provided financial support. 1 thank P. 1.. Aaes, K. C. Goldberg, S. C. Herman, H. N. Kirven, H. S. Olcott, P. Rciche and R. L. Rudd far their assistance. The Monsanto Chemical Company generously provided samples of Aroclor 1254 and 1262. . ` . .. ... . . PRR 050558 * ... SH 051065 % r HARTOLDMON0026143