Document Qk7zLYmYZyXj0anB53aqbw2Gv
Environmental Council of the States & ERA December 12, 2017
Evaluating Historical Industrial PFOA Emissions through Air Deposition Modeling
Cathy Beahm Air Permit Programs Manger
NH DES, Air Resources Catherine.a.beahm(5)des.nh.gov
(603) 271-2822
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
Tier 10
NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT OF
En.vireonmental Services
ED_002061_00269404-00001
Objectives of the Presentation
Provide an overview of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)
Potential Sources NH's Air Emission Source Experience
Air Modeling for PFOA Deposition
Methodology Inputs
Lessons Learned thus far
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
Tier 10
NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT OF
Envirconmental Services
ED 002061 00269404-00002
Possible Sources of PFAS Releases
Used for decades to make products that resist heat, oils, grease, stains and water
Textiles, Upholstery, Apparel and Carpets
Paper, Packaging, Non
Woven Fibers
Metal Plating (mist
suppressant) Semiconductor
W ire Coating
Firefighting Aqueous Film-
Forming Foam
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
Tier 10
From Oliaei 2013, Environmental Science Pollution Research
NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT OF
Environmental Services
ED 002061 00269404-00003
NH PFOA Air Deposition Locations
Two glass fabric coating facilities (located in three nearby cities)
Merrimack, Amherst, Manchester, NH
Merrimack facility notified NHDES that PFOA had been detected in their faucet water
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
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ED 002061 00269404-00004
NH Investigation of Potential PFAS
Sources at Industrial Facilities
List of Companies for Which No Further investigation is Deemed Necessary by NHDES as Part of Southern NH PFOA in Drinking Water investigation
{updated as of January 27, 2017)
Facility A ero Dynamics Inc, Albany Engineered Composites- Inc Alden Braden
Amat.ex Corporation
Amatox Corporation C h em ien Co., Inc,
Foss M an u factu rin g Com pany U C
Hayden Kork M otion Products
Hayden Kerfc M o tio n Products
tagenivert USA
J & E Specialty Inc
Kluber Lubr . o o" N s r!l- Am erica LP,
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a, k Ire Technologies
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Ball Bearings iine.
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Ball Bearings Inc. slots C M C
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City Seabrook Rochester Nashua
Laconia
M eredith tee
H am p ton
M il 'il > * H a m p ton Dover tonhom l-rry t v >'CI
Lisbon
Peterborough
Laconia
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M o iw tb iif investigation m c v
NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT Of
Environmental Services
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
Tier 10
ED 002061 00269404-00005
Glass Fabric Coating Sources Air Emission Pathway
Coating (dispersion) = PTFE particles + surfactants + water Surfactants historically contained Ammonium perfluorooctanoate (APFO) APFO dissociates into PFOA and ammonium ions in the dispersion 3 heating zones (drying, baking, fusing) > PFOA vaporized in baking and fusing zones
PFOA exits the stack
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
Gas-phase NMR Technique for Studying the Thermolysis of Materials: Thermal Decomposition of Ammonium Perfluorooctanoate (Krusic. et al., 2004)
Gas-phase NMR Studies of the Thermolysis of Perfluorooctanoic Acid (Krusic. et al., 2005)
NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT OF
FE.nvirconmental Services
Tier 10
ED 002061 00269404-00006
Air Inhalation Pathway
NH State Air Toxics Regulation (Env-A 1400) AAL - Ambient Air Limits
APFO (1997) 0.050 pg/m 3 (24-hr) 0 0.024 pg/m 3 (annual)
ACGIH developed a threshold limit value (TLV) of 0.01
mg/m3 (1992)
NHDES, EHP reviewed literature and set a Toxicity Factor and a
Time Adjustment Factor based on high reproduct ive and
development effects in rats and acute toxicity.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
^
1DEPARTMENT O f
Environmental
Services
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
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ED 002061 00269404-00007
Air Deposition Pathway
*i
Davis et al , 20C7, Cnenosnpe-'e
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
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fel feaamia
NEW HAMP5HRE DEPARTMENT!' OF
Environmental Services
ED 002061 00269404-00008
Air Deposition Modeling Purposes
To identify potential areas in which to conduct additional sampling of wells to ensure the public was not consuming water above the AGQS
To determine the geographic scope of PFOA deposition of airborne particles
Identification of potential areas of interest to be further evaluated during the site investigation (e.g. soil or groundwater testing)
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
Tier 10
, NEW HAMPSHIRE s DEPARTMENT OF
Environmental Services
ED 002061 00269404-00009
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
SOUTHERN NH
:...1 1,5 M ie Radiys
PFOA PFOS fi
# a im * 45-<70 D 10-<45
lfVtfCS!
Public Water Supplies ite r Distribution
I ___I Politica 0 2 SOG SJS
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ISJS
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< i >M,'\V( u" >'t
Environmental
Services
ED 002061 00269404-00010
Modeling Methodology
AERMOD Version 16216r (deposition modeling analysis} AERMET Version 15181 (processing the meteorology} BPIPPRM Version 04274 (building downwash analysis} Rural dispersion coefficients Dry, wet and total deposition
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
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NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT OF
Environmental Services
ED 002061 00269404-00011
Air Quality Modeling Inputs
Site Characteristics (Stack and Building Parameters) Emission Information Terrain Surrounding the Emission Point Meteorology Particle Information (Density and Particle Distribution)
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
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NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT OF
WW Envirconmental Services
ED 002061 00269404-00012
Site Characteristics
Site Plan - Building, Property Boundary, Location of Stacks
Stack Parameters - Height, Diameter, Exhaust Flow,
Temperature, Configuration Emission Rates
NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT OF
Environmental Services
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
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ED 002061 00269404-00013
Air Emission Information
Historical Raw Material Usages-Application Rates
Hours of Operation
Safety Data Sheet Information about Constituents
Stack Test Data
Dispersion Processor Material Balance Project Final Report (February, 2005)
; Control Equipment
Recirculating Ovens
Uncontrolled
Complete report available at www.regulations.gov Docket: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2003-0012 Agency: Environmental Protection Agency
MEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT OF
Environmental Services
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
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ED 002061 00269404-00014
Emission Information Challenges
Difficult to retrieve data back 10 -20 years ago; changes to computer data systems
Some data no longer exists
Reformulation means new SDS; hard to find older data
SDS have limited data on constituents
Changes to stack parameters (e.g. flow rates, heights?)
New coating towers added over time; others decommissioned
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
Tier 10
MEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT OF
Environmental Services
ED 002061 00269404-00015
Terrain Information
Receptor grid spacing and size is determined.
AERMAP (Version 11103) assigns receptor terrain elevations and hill height scales
Plot of receptors superimposed on Google Earth images
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
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NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT O f
Environmental Services
ED 002061 00269404-00016
Meteorological Information
Processed with and without AERMINUTE - Version 15272
2002
2003
2004
Hi
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
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ED 002061 00269404-00017
Method 1 vs. Method 2
2 different deposition algorithms included in AERMOD
Significant fraction (>10%) of total particulate mass 10 pm or llllllltM lill
Particle size distribution must be reasonably well known
Method 2:
Less rigorous calculation Small fraction (<10%) of total particulate mass 10 pm or
larger Particle size distribution not well known
AERMOD Deposition Science Document (http://www3.epa.gov/scramQQl/dispersion prefrec.htm).
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
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NEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT OR
Envirconmental Services
ED 002061 00269404-00018
Deposition is Cumulative Over Time
Pollutant disperses into the environment Since the compound is stable, it doesn't break down and works into the soil and water layers Each year adds a new layer
] 1999
1998
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
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ED 002061 00269404-00019
Air Modeling Programs Used for Air Dispersion Purposes
Designed to predict areas that could have potential air quality problems (e.g. transport) Scenarios that may not have yet occurred (e.g. post control installations) Sources not yet built (e.g. for permitting purposes) Typically start with conservative assumptions and use refining techniques to make more realistic For prediction of ambient air concentrations - well vetted
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
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Environmental Services
ED 002061 00269404-00020
Air Modeling Programs Used for Air
Deposition Purposes
Not heavily used in the past for deposition purposes Does contain algorithm for deposition These algorithms have not been substantially compared to actual soil data to validate Good for predicting where deposition may have occurred Less accurate for predicting how much deposition actually occurred
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
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|P ^
NEW HAMPSHIRE
W
' DEPARTMENT OF
Environmental
siServices
ED 002061 00269404-00021
Conclusions from Air Deposition Model
Results will potentially inform:
Spatial patterns of deposition due to historical emissions Any addition well sampling/testing campaigns Conceptual site model and site investigation(s)
Limitations:
Once deposited, transport fate less certain (transported in aquifers, etc.)
Sierra Club v. EPA 18cv3472 NDCA
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MEW HAMPSHIRE DEPARTMENT O f
Environmental Services
ED 002061 00269404-00022
