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MULTI-CITY STUDY
FIELD REPORT FOR FINFISH, MICRO-LAYER AND BULK WATER SAMPLE COLLECTION IN MOBILE ALABAMA, PENSACOLA FLORIDA, AND PORT ST. LUCIE FLORIDA for Project Number 31565
submitted to
September 17,1999
Prepared by David K. Shreffler
Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory 1529 West Sequim Bay Road Sequim, WA 98382 (360)-681-3660
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Introduction Page: 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 Survey Specific Permits......................................................................................................................2 1.2 Field Personnel........................................................................................................................................... 1 2. METHODS........................................................................................................................................................3 3. Chronology................................................................................................................................................ 4 4. Results.........................................................................................................................................................6 4.1 Onsite Observations.............................................................................................................................. 6 4.2 Instrumentation Results....................................................................................................................8 4.3 Communications.....................................................................................................................................9 5. Deviations From SOPs ...........................................................................................................................11 6. PHOTODOCUMENTATION............................................................................................................................. 15
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1 Chronology of Events on July 27,1999......................................................................................4 Table 2 Chronology of Events on July 28,1999......................................................................................4 Table 3 Chronology of Events on July 29,1999................................. ....................................................5 Table 4 Chronology of Events on July 30,1999....................................................................................... 5 Table 5 samples collected from m obile river, m obile, a l ...................................................... 5 table 6 sam ples collected from ba y o u texar, pensacola, fl...................................................7 table 7 sam ples collected from north fork st. lucie river, port st. lucie, f l ................7 Table 8 Sampling Site Positions in mobile, a l .................................... ...................................................7 Table 9 Sampling Site Positions in pensacola, fl ................................................................................. 8 Table 10 Sampling Site Positions in port st. lucie, f l .........................................................................8 Table 11 GPS position Verification Results............................................................................................9
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1. INTRODUCTION
The objective of this sampling task was to collect representative finfish, microlayer, and bulk water samples for trace-level analysis of specific FOSE-based flurochemical (FC) residuals. This sampling task is in support o f a larger effort to assemble baseline information about the distribution o f FC in selected media that represent environmental dispersion from a source and bioaccumulation in the human food chain. The cities selected for sample collection were designated `study' or `control' cites prior to the involvement o f Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory staff on this project. `Study' cities are in areas with FC production facilities or large industrial FC-consumers. `Control' cites do not contain FC production or consumption facilities and are matched to study cities based on general location, population size, and drinking water source. This survey report covers field sampling in Mobile Alabama, Pensacola Florida, and Port St. Lucie Florida.
Finfish, microlayer, and bulk water samples were collected in accordance with Revision 2 o f the QAPP (7/23/99) during the period from 7/26/99 through 7/31/99. All samples were collected in the vicinity o f the same sites where Battelle Duxbury had previously sampled surface water and sediment in Mobile Alabama, and Pensacola Florida. Samples in Port St. Lucie, Florida were collected in the North Fork St. Lucie River, rather than the South Fork St. Lucie river where Duxbury staff collected surface water and sediment.
1.1 Survey Specific Permits
Scientific collecting permits for the collection of freshwater fish species were obtained for Alabama and Florida prior to departing on this sampling trip. In addition, Florida sport fishing licenses were purchased for collections made in Pensacola and Port St. Lucie, as stipulated under the conditions o f our scientific collecting permit. Sample collections at all sites were made at public access points (e.g., boat ramps, county or city parks) in an effort to avoid conflicts with private property owners. Methods of collection were limited to electroshocking, seine nets, and hook-and-line, as specified in the conditions of our permits.
1.2 Field Personnel
Field personnel for this sampling effort were Rhett Zufelt from Battelle Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington and Dave Shreffler from Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory in Sequim, Washington. Mr. Shreffler was the Sampling Task Leader for this effort. Rosanna Buhl, Sampling Task QA Officer, performed a QA audit of the finfish, microlayer, and bulk water sampling procedures on 7/28/99.
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2. METHODS
The collection of environmental samples was conducted according to Standard Operation Procedures (SOPs). The SOPs used in the Multi-City Study were written by Battelle Duxbury and Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory (MSL) and were used to train field personnel prior to conducting field activities. Signed training documentation forms are on file at MSL for all o f the SOPs used for this study. These SOPs, along with the QAPP, served as the guidance documents for the collection of field samples. Any deviations from these SOPs were documented in the field. In addition, all field personnel were trained in GLP requirements, as specified in 40CFR Part 792. The specific methods used for sample collection are summarized below.
GPS Data The collection of position data (latitude and longitude) was completed at each sampling location using a Trimble GeoExplorer unit according to Battelle SOP 3-164-01. Because this SOP is specific to the Garmin 12XL Personal Navigator system, all deviations to the SOP were carefully noted. Instrument accuracy was validated by comparing an acquired position versus a position o f known location.
Finfish Samples Finfish samples were collected using one o f three methods: backpack electroshocker, seine net, or hook-and-line. The backpack electroshocker was operated according to SOP MSL-T-023-00. There are no SOPs for finfish collection using the seine net or hook-and-line.
Microlaver Samples Surface microlayer samples were collected using a glass plate sampler. Collection and handling of microlayer samples were performed according to SOP MSL-T-022-00.
Bulk water Samples Bulk water samples were collected via direct submersion according to SOP M3-F-2.0. Spiking of bulk water samples was performed in accordance with SOP M3-F-4.0.
. Temperature Data
,,
t.
.
Air and water temperatures were measured using a calibrated digital thermometer according to
SOP MSL-M-047-00.
Sample Packaging and Shipping All samples were packaged and shipped according to SOP No. 5-210-01.
Recording Data Raw data for the finfish, microlayer, and bulk water samples were recorded on field data sheets, which also served as chain o f custody forms. Site observations, deviations from SOPs, communications, and all other forms o f documentation were recorded on Daily Log sheets according to SOP MSL-D-001-00.
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Chronology Page: 4
3. CHRONOLOGY
Tables 1 through 4 provide a detailed chronology o f the events that occurred each day of the survey. Travel days on 7/26/99 and 7/31/99 are not included in this chronology because no sampling was performed on those days. All times listed in these tables have been transcribed from the daily logs, unless preceded by the letters "Est.", indicating that the time was estimated based on my best recollection o f the events o f the day. The times are recorded in the local time o f the sampling city. For Mobile, Alabama and Pensacola, Florida the recorded times are Central Time Zone. For Port St. Lucie, the recorded times are Eastern Time Zone.
Table 1. Chronology of Events on July 27,1999
Est. 0830 0930 1030
1217
1234
1307
1354-1447 1500-1511 1515-1525 1547 1609-1651
Est. 1700 1800 1809-1828
2001 2006
Purchased miscellaneous field supplies that were not shipped ahead in advance Picked up all shipments sent in advance to Fed-Ex in Mobile, A1 Located a USACE benchmark (TAW-9) at the Mobile USCG station; recorded GPS coordinates for this known location Arrived at Africatown-Cochrane Bridge, the location of Duxbury's surface water site #3; surveyed the area for potential sites to collect fish, microlayer and bulk water samples. Called Marcia Nishioka to determine whether brackish water fish species are acceptable for this study. No answer. Left message. Set up microlayer sampler, labeled bottles in preparation for taking microlayer and bulkwater samples Collected 6 microlayer samples according to MSL-T-022-00 Collected 6 bulk water samples according to M3-F-2.0 Spiked 3 bulk water samples according to SOP No. M3-F-4.0 Spoke with Marcia Nishioka. She confirmed that brackish fish species are OK. Electroshocked approximately 50m of shoreline; No fish shocked; electroshocker ineffective in brackish water Driving reconnaissance trip to look for a potential site to collect fish using seine net
Used seine net to collect fish at a site north of the Africatown-Cochrane bridge on the east bank of the Mobile River. Collected two short-nosed gar, Lepisosteus platostomus, and saved them as specimens according to MSL-T-023-00 Recorded GPS PM reading at same benchmark (TAW-9) Sample day complete
Table 2. Chronology of Events on July 28,1999
Est. 0830
Est. 0840 0930 Est. 1000 1100 1100-1330 1449
Spoke with Terrell Smith at USACE, Irvington AL office; he gave me the State Plane coordinates for TAW-9. Purchased additional field gear and fish identification field guide for Atlantic coast fishes Prepared Mobile samples for shipping and dropped them off at Fed-ex
Drove Mobile, AL to Pensacola, FL and checked into hotel Recorded GPS coordinates at Port of Pensacola; Benchmark=USACE station designation 41, Pensacola Harbor, 1967.
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1551
1558 1644 1650-1741 1746-1759 1802-1809 1822-1930
Est. 1957 2018 2035 2042
Decided to sample microlayer and bulk water at Duxbury's surface water site #2, near junction of Bayou Blvd and Avery Street Labeled sample bottles in preparation for microlayer and bulk water sampling Completed decon of microlayer sampler according to SOP No. MSL-T-022-00 Collected microlayer samples according to MSL-T-022-00 Collected bulk water samples according to M3-F-2.0 Spiked bulk water samples according to M3-F-4.0 Seined ~50m of shoreline at site #2 in 3 independent sets; many juvenile fish collected but none kept; total sample volume (all species combined) was less than the minimum 200g required. Seined at Texar Bayou boat ramp (Duxbury surface water site #1); no sample
Returned to Port of Pensacola benchmark and took PM GPS readings Field day finished
Table 3. Chronology of Events on July 29,1999
0806-1100
Est. 1nO1215 Est. 1230
1625-2206 Est. 2315 0030
Attempted to catch fish by hook and line at Bayou Texar boat ramp and Miraflores Park near the intersection of 17thand Belmont. Only juvenile fish were caught. No fish were kept. Also attempted to catch fish with the seine net at Miraflores Park. No fish were kept. Drove from Pensacola, FL to Mobile, AL. During the drive, Rosanna Buhl verbally reviewed the findings of her QA audit of field procedures and documentation. Packaged and shipped Pensacola microlayer and bulkwater samples from Fed-ex in Mobile, AL Flights from Mobile, AL to Atlanta, GA to West Palm Beach, FL Drove from West Palm Beach, FL to Port St. Lucie, FL
Table 4. Chronology of Events on July 30,1999
0930
1017
1100-1216
1225-1316 1341 1412-1444 1447-1458 1501-1507 1725 1730
Picked up methanol at fed-ex in Port St. Lucie that had been shipped in advance. Also
picked up map o f Duxbury's surface water sites left behind for us by Chris Gagnon and
Kelly Irizarry. Talked with Rosanna Buhl, after trying unsuccessfully to reach Marcia Nishioka and Kim Andrews. After conferring with Don Gunster, Rosanna and I made the decision to collect finfish, microlayer, and bulk water samples in the North Fork St. Lucie River, instead of at the same sites where Duxbury sampled surface water (South Fork St. Lucie River) Stood on the bank at White City Park and observed 3 local fishermen who were fishing for mullet. After explaining the purpose of our study, one of the fishermen was willing to give us 3 striped mullet in exchange for a small donation. Processed fish samples and completed finfish data sheet according to MSL-T-023-00 Completed decon of microlayer sampler according to MSL-T-022-00 Collected microlayer samples according to MSL-T-022-00 Collected bulk water samples according to M3-F-2.0 Spiked bulk water samples according to M3-F-4.0 Shipped all samples to Kim Andrews at Battelle Columbus for Saturday pickup; shipped all field equipment back to MSL Sampling effort completed
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4. RESULTS
The field survey to Mobile, Pensacola, and Port St. Lucie resulted in the successful collection o f all required finfish, microlayer, and bulk water samples listed in the QAPP, with the exception that no finfish samples were collected in Pensacola, Florida. Tables 5-7 provide a list o f the samples collected including sampling locations and sample ID 's.
4.1 Onsite Observations
Mobile, AL: Microlayer and bulk water samples were collected from the west bank o f the Mobile River approximately 1/4 mile upstream o f the Africatown-Cochrane Bridge. This is a public access area reached via a dirt road from Bay Bridge Road. This location is also near Duxbury's surface water site #3. This stretch o f the Mobile River is an industrial waterway and is tidally influenced. The water was reddish-brown in color with a noticeable surface film filled with leaf and floating wood debris, as well as prevalent foam. The banks o f the river were littered with garbage.
Fishermen in the area were catching croakers and blue crabs, both brackish water species. The backpack electroshocker was ineffective for collecting fish samples in the brackish water. There was also too much large wood debris and rip rap on the bottom to effectively seine at this site. Using a seine net, we collected finfish samples from the east bank of the Mobile River approximately 1/2 mile upstream o f the Africatown-Cochrane Bridge. This site was near a wood trestle bridge that appeared to be the loading area for a car ferry. This was a shallow, marshy area with muddy substrate and lots o f fish feeding up on the surface.
Pensacola, FL: Microlayer and bulk water samples were collected from Bayou Texar near the intersection o f Bayou Blvd and Avery Street, approximately 1 mile up the bay from the Bayou Texar Boat Ramp at Cervantes Street and Bayou Blvd. This was Duxbury's surface water site #2. The shoreline development in this area is predominantly residential. No large industrial uses o f the bay were observed in the vicinity o f our sampling site. The water was brown in color with no noticeable surface film. Fishermen observed in the area were fishing for croaker, flounder, and speckled trout. No one had fish in their buckets for us to observe.
We were unable to collect the 200g minimum sample size o f fish in Bayou Texar. Based on our seine net samples, which were filled with juveniles o f multiple species, this water body serves as a brackish nursery area. Twice we had speckled trout leap over the top o f the seine net.
Port St. Lucie, FL: Finfish, microlayer, and bulk water samples were collected from a tidally influenced portion o f the North Fork St. Lucie River at White City Park. The park is located on the east bank o f the river o ff o f Midway Road between S. 25th Street and Sunrise Blvd. The water was reddish-brown in coloration with a detectable surface film. This park is a very popular location for recreational fishermen. I counted 8 fishermen along a 100m stretch o f the
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river. The fishermen were catching mullet at an estimated rate o f one every 5-10 minutes. One alligator and one manatee were also observed near the sampling site.
Table 5. Samples Collected from Mobile River, Mobile, AL
Matrix
Microlayer water Microlayer water Microlayer water Microlayer water Microlayer water Microlayer water Bulk water Bulk water Bulk water Bulk water Bulk water Bulk water Finfish-gar (n=2)
Sample ID
MC-4101B MC-4102K MC-4103H MC-4104B MC-4105K MC-4106H MC-4107B MC-4108K MC-4109H MC-4110B MC-4111K MC-4112H MC-4113
Approximate Total Volume (L) or Weight
(g) Collected
1 0.5 0.5 0 (FIELD BLANK) 0 (FIELD BLANK) 0 (FIELD BLANK) 1 1 1 1 1 1 725 g
Location Collected
Africatown-Cochrane Bridge Africatown-Cochrane Bridge Africatown-Cochrane Bridge Africatown-Cochrane Bridge Africatown-Cochrane Bridge Africatown-Cochrane Bridge Africatown-Cochrane Bridge Africatown-Cochrane Bridge Africatown-Cochrane Bridge Africatown-Cochrane Bridge Africatown-Cochrane Bridge Africatown-Cochrane Bridge Africatown-Cochrane Bridge
Table 6. Samples Collected from Bayou Texar, Pensacola, FL
Matrix
Microlayer water Microlayer water Microlayer water Microlayer water
M icrolayer w ater
Microlayer water Bulk water Bulk water Bulk water Bulk water Bulk water Bulk water
Sample ID
MC-3101B MC-3102K MC-3103H MC-3104B
M C-3105K
MC-3106H MC-3107B MC-3108K MC-3109H MC-3110B MC-3111K MC-3112H
Approximate Total Volume (L) or Weight
(g) Collected
1 0.5 0.5 0 (FIELD BLANK)
O (FIELD BLANK)
0 (FIELD BLANK) 1 1 1; 1 1 1
Location Collected
Bayou Blvd & Avery Street Bayou Blvd & Avery Street Bayou Blvd & Avery Street Bayou Blvd & Avery Street
B ayou B lvd & A very Street
Bayou Blvd & Avery Street Bayou Blvd & Avery Street Bayou Blvd & Avery Street Bayou Blvd & Avery Street Bayou Blvd & Avery Street Bayou Blvd & Avery Street Bayou Blvd & Avery Street
Table 7. Samples Collected from North Fork St. Lucie River, Port St. Lucie, FL
Matrix
Microlayer water Microlayer water Microlayer water Microlayer water Microlayer water
Sample ID
MC-6101B MC-6102K MC-6103H MC-6104B MC-6105K
Approximate Total Volume (L) or Weight
(g) Collected
1 0.5 0.5 0 (FIELD BLANK) 0 (FIELD BLANK)
Location Collected
White City Park Boat Ramp White City Park Boat Ramp White City Park Boat Ramp White City Park Boat Ramp White City Park Boat Ramp
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Matrix
Microlayer water Bulk water Bulk water Bulk water Bulk water Bulk water Bulk water Finfish-striped mullet (n=4)
Sample ID
MC-6106H MC-6107B MC-6108K MC-6109H MC-6110B MC-6111K MC-6112H MC-6113
Approximate Total Volume (L) or Weight
(g) Collected
0 (FIELD BLANK) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1475g
Location Collected
White City Park Boat Ramp White City Park Boat Ramp White City Park Boat Ramp White City Park Boat Ramp White City Park Boat Ramp White City Park Boat Ramp White City Park Boat Ramp White City Park Boat Ramp
4.2 Instrumentation Results
The location o f each sampling site was determined using a Trimble GeoExplorer GPS unit. The positions for each site are reported in Tables 8-10. Following the field survey, all GPS site positions were differentially-corrected to NAD 1927 (Comus) using post-processing methods. The results o f the differential corrections are also presented in Tables 8-10. Following shipment to Mobile, Alabama the instrument was reinitialized at the Africatown-Cochrane Bridge. Within several minutes o f reinitializing, the unit was displaying locations o f the local area, which indicated that it was working properly. At each new sampling location, the GPS was calibrated by recording the accepted position of a benchmark, monument, or known physical location and comparing this to the GPS derived position, which was recorded in both the am and pm. The results o f the calibrations for each sampling day are presented in Table 11. No calibration was done in Port St. Lucie, Florida because a landmark with known latitude and longitude could not be located.
Table 8. Sampling Site Positions in Mobile, AL
Sampling Location
Africatown-Cochrane Bridge (West Bank of Mobile River): microlayer, bulk water Differential correction Africatown-Cochrane Bridge (East Bank of Mobile River: finfish Differential correction
Latitude N 3044T0.60"
N 3044'07.6798" N 3044T7.14" N 3044'18.1020"
Table 9. Sampling Site Positions in Pensacola, FL
Sampling Location
Latitude
Bayou Texar: microlayer, bulk water N 3026'01.34"
Differential correction
N 3026'02.6742"
Longitude W 8802'40.95"
W 8802'41.1503" W 8802'22.38" W 8802'21.2489"
Longitude W 8710'55.79" W 87o10'57.2881"
Address Bay Bridge Road
Bay Bridge Road Bay Bridge Road
Bay Bridge Road
Address Bayou Blvd & Avery Street Bay Bridge Road
Table 10. Sampling Site Positions in Port St. Lucie, FL
Sampling Location White City Park: finfish
Latitude N 27 22' 20.07"
Longitude W 80 20' 44.22"
Address Midway Rd
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Differential correction White City Park Boat Ramp: microlayer, bulk water Differential correction
N 2722'20.6260" N2722T6.31"
N 2722'17.0382"
W 8020'45.8520" W 8020' 38.95"
W 8020'40.0435"
Bay Bridge Road Midway Rd
Bay Bridge Road
Table 11. GPS Position Verification Results
Calibration Locations
Accepted Position at USACE benchmark TAW-9 (Mobile, AL) GPS Measured Position (AM) GPS Measured Position (PM) Accepted Position at Port of Pensacola USACE benchmark "41" (Pensacola, FL) GPS Measured Position (AM) GPS Measured Position (PM)
Latitude N 237010.55 (Alabama State Plane coordinates) N 3039'02.4679" N 3039'01.7855" N 519748.52 (Florida State Plane coordinates)
N 3024'03.5823" N 3024'04.8766"
Longitude E 324010.71 (Alabama State Plane coordinates) W 8803'33.8680" W 8803'34.6657" E l l 13921.30 (Florida State Plane coordinates)
W 8712'39.4217" W 8712'40.1838"
4.3 Communications
During the completion o f the field survey, several conversations regarding the sampling effort were noted. These communications were conducted between Battelle MSL staff and staff from other Battelle offices (e.g., Columbus, Duxbury, PNNL), as well as various municipal employees or the public.
In Mobile, Alabama we met with N.F. Raybon, the base engineer at the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) station in Mobile on 7/27/99. He showed us the location of a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) benchmark where we did our GPS calibration. The station designation was TAW-9. On 7/28/99,1 spoke with Terrell Smith (205-957-6019) from the USACE office in Irvington, Alabama. Mr. Smith gave me the state plane coordinates for benchmark TAW-9.
We spoke with several fishermen in the vicinity o f the Africatown-Cochrane bridge in Mobile. Two fishermen allowed us to look at their catches. This exercise.confirmed that the species being caught in this area are all brackish water species.
I talked with M arcia Nishioka at 1547 on 7/27/99 to confirm that brackish fish species were acceptable for the objectives o f this study.
In Pensacola, Florida we were guided to a benchmark on the Port o f Pensacola's property in Pensacola Harbor by an administrative assistant (her name was not recorded) on 7/28/99. We recorded GPS coordinates at USACE benchmark #41, Pensacola Harbor, 1967.
At the location o f our finfish, microlayer, bulk water sampling site in Pensacola, we spoke with 3 officers from the Florida Marine Patrol, who stopped to inquire what we were doing. I explained the study in general terms and showed them our scientific collecting permit. Their concern was that fishermen will sometimes stash coolers on the banks of Bayou Texar and
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offload fish in excess o f their allowed daily limits into these hidden coolers before pulling a boat out of the water at a marina.
We spoke with a local fishermen at Miraflores Park in Pensacola on 7/29/99 who said that he often fishes in this area for flounder, croaker, and speckled trout.
7/30/99 We spoke with a fed-ex agent in Port St. Lucie who is an avid recreational fishermen (name not recorded). He showed us on a Port St. Lucie map several public access locations on the North Fork St. Lucie River. We ultimately ended up sampling at one o f these locations-- White City Park.
At 1017 on 7/30/99 I spoke with Rosanna Buhl after she conferred with Don Gunster about sampling finfish, microlayer, and bulk water in Port St. Lucie. Rosanna relayed to me that Don Gunster made the decision that we should sample in the North Fork instead o f the South Fork where Battelle Duxbury staff collected surface water and sediment samples.
We spoke with four fishermen at White City Park in Port St. Lucie, who allowed us to look in their buckets at their catch for the day. One fisherman agreed to let us have three fish for the multi-city study in exchange for a small monetary donation.
In all three cities, members of the general public inquired about our sampling efforts. In each case, we provided a general answer without divulging the client or specifics o f what the samples were being tested for.
On 9/16/99 Roger Bush (850-763-2881) from USACE in Panama City, Florida called with the GPS coordinates for the benchmark station designation "41" Pensacola Harbor, 1967.
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Deviations from SOPs Page: 11
5. DEVIATIONS FROM SOPS
During the collection o f samples from Mobile, Pensacola, and Port St. Lucie all deviations from SOPs were carefully noted on the Daily Log sheets by the Sampling Team Leader, Dave Shreffler. None o f these deviations were deemed significant enough to compromise sample integrity or data quality. Other minor deviations were noted during an audit conducted by Rosanna Buhl, the Sampling Task Quality Assurance Officer, and were addressed in the response to the audit report. All known deviations are documented below.
The following deviations were documented by Rosanna Buhl during a field inspection on 7/28/99 and have been cut and pasted from her QA Audit Report into this Survey Report:
Section 10.1 and M3-F-7: Trip blanks were not prepared for this survey. The project manager made this decision.
Section 11.1: The pens used for data collected were not ball-point with ink but were fluid ink in solvent. These inks can be obscured if wet and must not be used for GLP studies.
Section 11.1.1: Separate Site Logs were not completed for each sampling location. Instead, all required information was recorded on the sampling form.
Section 11.1.4: The project manager did not create the matrix and sample-specific forms for this portion of the study. They were created by the Sampling Team leader.
Section 11.8 and SOP M3-F-7: The QAPP states that fish samples will be collected from reaches adjacent to or in the vicinity of the surface-water source of drinking water. In fact, it was discovered during the inspection that samples in Mobile, Pensacola, and Port St. Lucie were collected in estuarine waters for both the sediment/surface water survey and the microlayer/finfish survey. The project manager defined the collection location. The project manager must address this deviation and the corrective action. It is unclear whether these stations will have to be re-collected.
Section 12.1: It was noted that some custody forms were incomplete (no relinquished signatures).
Amendment 2 to Revision No. 1 and Section 7.3.5: According to Table 3, 1L microlayer samples would be collected. In fact, a 1L sample was collected for Rep 1 and 500 mL were collected for Reps 2 and 3. The project manager confirmed the volumes.
Amendment 2 to Revision No. 1 Section 7.3.10, 11.8.1, and Table 9: The fish species collected during this survey were not the freshwater species specified in the QAPP.
Amendment 2 to Revision No. 1 Section 11.1.4 and SOP M3-F-4: One label, not two labels, was prepared. No label was affixed to the custody forms. Labels were not preprinted.
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Deviations from SOPs Page: 12
Amendment 2 to Revision No. 1 Section 11.9.1:
Step 5 and SOP MSL-T-022-00 : The microlayer sampler glass plate was not dipped into the water gently or withdrawn slowly. The Field Team Leader should document the effect that this procedure had on the "capture" of microlayer vs. underlying water.
Step 8 and MSL-T-022-00: The method specifies that a minimal headspace should be left in the containers. In all cases, but particularly in the 500 mL sample instances, head space was present in the sampling bottles.
Amendment 2 to Revision No. 1 Section 11.9.2 and SOP M3-F-7: Sample bottles were not wiped with MEOH prior to affixing the labels. The purpose of this procedure was to ensure that the labels adhered to the bottle. However, bottles air-dried quickly and additional drying was unnecessary. The amendment should allow for alternative procedures.
The inability to collect fish in Pensacola should be documented as a deviation.
SOP M3-F-4: The spiking solutions received from BCL were not labeled with a Lot No or preparation date.
40 CFR Part 792: The methanol, deionized water, and BCL matrix spike containers were not labeled according to GLP standards.
Methanol and deionized water should be labeled with Identity, Date opened or prepared, Concentration, Lot No, Analyst who opened or prepared, Storage Conditions, and Expiration Date. The last 5 items were not documented on the labels, although other information was.
Spiking solutions are considered a reference substance and should be labeled with the name, Chemical Abstract Service (CAS) or code number, batch number, expiration date (if any is given), and the storage conditions necessary to maintain the strength, identity, purity, and composition of the
material. The project manager is responsible for ensuring that spike solutions from BCL are properly
labeled.
SOP 5-210 states that coolers should be washed prior to use. The coolers used for sample shipment were not washed.
The following deviations were documented by Dave Shreffler, the Sampling Team Leader:
Collection and Handling o f Fish Samples Using a Backpack Electroshocker (MSL-T-023-00) -Block nets were not set up at the downstream and upstream ends o f the sampling reach as specified in Section 5.2.4. It was impractical with only two people to install block nets and also conduct electroshocking. Such an effort would require a minimum of three people.
-No sample label was placed on the outside o f the aluminum foil as specified in Section 5.2.14. One label between the double Ziploc bags was deemed adequate.
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Deviations from SOPs Page: 13
-Finfish Datasheets were used instead o f chain o f custody forms as specified in Section 5.2.16. The finfish datasheets contained more information than what could reasonably fit on the coc forms.
Collection and Handling of Aquatic Surface Microlaver Samples MSL-T-022-001 -As requested by Marcia Nishioka, no soap was used in the decontamination phase o f the microlayer sampling. This is a deviation from Section 5.1.
-Air space was left in some 1L bottles containing 500mL microlayer samples, as authorized by Marcia Nishioka. This is a deviation from Section 5.2.9.
-Sample bottles were not wrapped in bubble wrap as specified in Section 5.2.11. Crushed ice was tightly packed between the sample bottles, so that there was no space between the bottles.
-Aquatic Microlayer Sample Data Sheets were used instead o f chain o f custody forms as specified in Section 5.2.12. The data sheets allowed more room for additional information than the coc forms.
Collection and Handling o f Water Samples for the Multi-Cities Project (M3-F-2.01 -For the bulk water samples, GPS readings were transcribed from the Microlayer Data Sheets, because the microlayer and bulk water samples were taken from the same location. This is a deviation from 3.1.2.
-Surface Bulk Water Sampling Data Sheets were used instead o f chain of custody forms as specified in Section 3.1.9. The data sheets allowed more room for additional information than the chain o f custody forms.
Calibration and Use o f Thermometers MSL-M-047-001 No deviations were documented
Use o f Garmin GPS 12XL Personal Navigator (3-164-011 -The Garmin GPS 12XL unit was unavailable at the time of this field effort. Instead a comparable GPS unit, a Trimble GeoExplorer, was used. A separate attachment documents the way in which we used the Trimble unit (Attachment A). Attachment A is a draft revision of SOP 3-164-01, which is specifically for the use o f the Trimble GeoExplorer.
Spiking Field Samples for the Muli-Cities Project (M3-F-4.01 -Spiking solutions were sent to us in glass ampoules, rather than screw-topped vials. Thus, to open the ampoules we used a triangular file to score the top o f the ampoule. This was a necessary deviation from Section 3.2.3.
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Deviations from SOPs Page: 14
Assigning Sample Identification Numbers to Samples Collected for the Multi-Cities Proiect (M3-F-6.0I -In order to have enough unique sample identification numbers for each city, we used a sample ID format o f MC-nnnn. This was a deviation from Section 2.1, which specifies an ID format of MC-nnn.
Packaging and Shipping o f Samples (5-210-011 -One inch o f bubble wrap was not used on the bottom o f each cooler. This is a deviation from Section 4.
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PhotoDocumentation ___________ Page: 15
6. PHOTODOCUMENTATION
Photographs were taken with a digital Canon camera at each sampling location. These photos document the site conditions where the fish, microlayer, and bulkwater samples were collected, and will also potentially serve as a visual reference if it becomes necessary for field staff to return to these locations.
Photo 1. Mobile River, Mobile, Alabama. View upstream from the sampling location where microlayer and bulk water samples were collected, on the west bank of the Mobile River near the Africatown-Cochrane bridge off of Bay Bridge Road.
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Photo 2. Mobile River, Mobile, Alabama. View downstream from the location where microlayer and bulk water samples were collected, on the west bank of the Mobile River near the Africatown-Cochrane bridge off of Bay Bridge Road. The bridge in the background is the Africatown-Cochrane Bridge.
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Photo 3. Mobile River, Mobile, Alabama. View upstream from where finfish samples were collected on the east bank of the Mobile River, near the Africatown-Cochrane bridge off of Bay Bridge Road.
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Photo 4. Bayou Texar, Pensacola, Florida. View downstream from where microlayer and bulk water samples were collected, near the intersection of Bayou Blvd and Avery Street.
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Photo 5. Bayou Texar, Pensacola, Florida. View upstream from where microlayer and bulk water samples were collected, near the intersection of Bayou Blvd and Avery Street.
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Photo 6. Bayou Texar, Pensacola, Florida. Rhett Zufeit (left) and Dave Shreffler (right) collecting microlayer samples.
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Photo 7. North Fork St. Lucie River, Port St. Lucie, Florida. Fishermen at White City Park fishing for mullet on an incoming tide. The fisherman in the red hat donated 3 mullet to our study.
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PhotoDocumentation ___________ Page: 22
Photo 8. North Fork St. Lucie River, Port St. Lucie, Florida. Microlayer and bulkwater samples were collected at the White City Park public boat ramp. The park is located on the east bank of
the river off of Midway Road between S. 25th Street and Sunrise Blvd.
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ATTACHMENT A Page: 1
ATTACHMENT A USE OF TRIMBLE GEOEXPORER GPS
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ATTACHMENT A Page: 2
Battelle PNNL Operations Standard Operating Procedure
for
USE OF TRIMBLE GEOEXPORER GPS
1.0 APPLICATION
The objective of this document is to define the standard operating procedures (SOP) for the operation of the Trimble GeoExplorer Global Positioning System (GPS). The Trimble GPS unit collects and displays GPS data to obtain positional information with an accuracy between 1 5 -100 meters (depending on the military's use of selective availability). To obtain higher accuracy positional data, Differential GPS (DGPS) information can be used to automatically correct the Latitude/Longitude position. The Latitude/Longitude position data can also be stored and corrected at a later date.
1.1 Accuracy
All GPS units have a design positional accuracy of 15 meters. The GPS satellites are owned and controlled by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) and this agency has the ability to degrade the accuracy of the GPS signal available to non-military users for purposes of national defense. This is done by what is called "Selective Availability" (commonly known as SA). SA is normally turned "on." SA allows the U.S. DOD to degrade the accuracy of non-military GPS system by as much as +/- 100 meters.
At the present time the accuracy o f all commercial GPS receivers can vary between 15 to 100 meters depending on the level o fdegradation being imposed by the U.S. DOD. SA introduces a positional error,
which changes over a period o f time. It is not unusual for the GPS unit to show fluctuations in both
position and speed.
Another factor that will effect the accuracy of the GPS receiver is the geometry of the satellites in view to the GPS receiver. A poor geometry situation can provide less accurate position readings, this especially applies to the GPS altitude measurements. The altitude reading on the GPS unit can vary by +/- 450 ft. depending on the level of degradation being imposed under SA. It is not uncommon to see the altitude continuously drift up and down when SA is being imposed.
1.2 Waypoints
Waypoints are locations or landmarks worth recording and storing in your GPS. These are locations you may later want to return to. They may be check points on a route or significant ground features. Waypoints may be defined and stored in the unit manually, by taking coordinates for the waypoint from a map or other reference. Or, waypoints may be entered directly by taking a reading with the unit at the location itself, giving it a name, and then saving the point. Waypoints may also be put into the unit by referencing another waypoint already stored, giving the reference waypoint, and entering the distance and
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Calibration Page: 3
compass bearing to the new waypoint (see the Trimble GeoExplorer reference manual for more information on working with waypoints).
NOTE: When this SOP is being used, the Trimble reference manual for the GeoExplorer unit must be referenced.
2. CALIBRATION
The GeoExplorer GPS unit is self calibrating. The integrity of the unit is assured instead by conducting a comparison measurement of a known position at a specific location versus the position location that is acquired by the GPS unit. Ensuring the accuracy of the data collected by the instrument will be considered sufficient for maintaining the integrity of the measurement. The following steps are used to validate the accuracy of the instrument and should be conducted at the beginning and end of each day when positions are taken.
2.1 Calibration o f the GeoExplorer Unit Only
1. Prior to collecting position data, select a specific location that has a predetermined latitude and longitude (benchmark) or define a landmark where a position can be determined through a chart or map.
2. Once a location has been determined and a reference position determined, turn on the GPS unit and follow the instructions in Section 5.2 to scroll to the Position Page and determine the location.
3. Once the location has been determined with the unit, record the position on the Calibration Form (Attachment 1).
4. The difference between the actual position and that of the GPS unit should be determined to verify the accuracy of the position.
5. If the GPS unit fails to attain a reading that is within 100 meters of the actual position then the manual should be consulted for possible sources of error and the reference position verified.
Once the accuracy of the instrument has been verified, the collection of position data may commence.
2.2 Calibration of the GeoExplorer Unit used in Conjunction with a Differential Beacon Receiver
Differential GPS (DGPS) is a technique used to reduce the effects of SA. DGPS utilizes a GPS unit used in conjunction with a beacon receiver. The beacon receiver is an independent unit that receives a separate signal from a Beacon Transmitter Station that is located on a verified land based location. Using the information transmitted through the transmitter station the receiver is used to apply `pseudorange' corrections for each satellite measured by the GPS receiver. The use of these corrections allows for increased accuracy in the position readings taken by the combined unit. The combined system of a differential beacon receiver and a GeoExplorer unit can improve position accuracy to better then 10 meters. The following steps are used to validate the accuracy of the GeoExplorer with DGPS.
1. Prior to collecting position data, select a specific location that has a predetermined latitude and longitude (benchmark) or define a landmark where a position can be determined through a chart or map.
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2. Once a location has been determined and a reference position determined, turn on the GPS unit and follow the instructions in Section 5.2 to scroll to the Position Page and determine the location.
3. Once the location has been determined with the unit, record the position on the Calibration Form (Attachment 1).
4. The difference between the actual position and that of the GPS unit should be determined to verify the accuracy of the position.
5. If the GPS unit fails to attain a reading that is within 25 meters of the actual position then the manual should be consulted for possible sources of error and the reference position verified.
Once the accuracy of the instrument has been verified, the collection of position data may commence.
3. OPERATION
3.1 Turning the Trimble GPS unit ON and Acquiring Position Information
1. Make certain the unit has 4 AA batteries loaded. Bring extra batteries. To install batteries, remove the battery holder on the rear of the instrument and insert the batteries into position. Replace the battery holder within 15 minutes to avoid loss of stored data.
2. Turn the unit on by pressing the (on/off) button. Table 1 shows a quick reference to the GPS keypad.
Table 1. Trimble GPS Keypad Reference
(3)
Esc
O n/O ff
U sed to edit subsequent lines w ith the w aypoint editor C onfirm s data entry and activates highlighted fields R eturns display to a previous page
Selects alphanum erical characters and m enu choices M oves the selected ch aracter field
3. There are six information pages: the GPS Status Page, Position Page, Navigation Page, Data Capture Page, Date & Time Page, and Configuration Page. See Table 2 for a brief description of each page. To scroll through the different pages use the A 'r keys.
When the unit is first turned on, a welcome screen will be displayed for a few seconds while the unit performs a self test. The active page when the GPS was last turned off will appear while the GPS unit is acquiring information from the satellites. Until sufficient satellite signal is received, the Position Page will display "Old Position"
When there is sufficient satellite signal to acquire a position the Position Page will display "GPS Position". The Position Page shows your current position in three dimensions: latitude, longitude, and altitude.
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GPS Status Page ________ Page: 5
Table 2. Definition of the Primary Pages
GPS Status Page Position Page Navigation Page Data Capture Page
Date & Time Page
Configuration Page
Shows satellite positions and signal strength
Shows current location
Provides steering guidance when going to a waypoint. Also allows the user to manage the stored waypoints Allows user to save positional data to a file for later Differential Correction. Allows user to select current date and time formats and view the current date and time Allows user to set current GPS configurations including: Coordinate system, datum, & log rates
3.2 Monitoring Signal Strength and Satellite Position using the GPS Status Page
The GPS STATUS PAGE displays several different types of information, including: the status of various receiver functions, the sat tracking display, and the signal strength indicators.
The sat tracking display and the sat posn provide an indication of which satellites are visible to the receiver, whether or not they are being used to calculate a position fix, and the signal quality. Individual satellites and their general location are represented by numbers displayed on the screen.
Once the receiver has found the satellite, an arrow will appear, indicating that the unit is receiving data
from the satellite.
To determine ifyou have a currentposition fix, look at the statusfield in the lower left corner.
If a position has been obtained it will display: 2D or-3D: 2D means that at least 3 satellites with good geometry have been locked onto and a 2 dimensional position fix (latitude and longitude) has been determined. 3D means that at least 4 satellites with good geometry have been locked onto and position fix is determined in latitude, longitude, and altitude.
I f you are in an area that is blockedfrom satellite reception, such as indoors or in a "shaded" area with many trees, mountains, or tall buildings, you can use the Satellite Page to monitor the signal strength and the satellite positions to move to an area with improved reception. If the GPS unit is not able to track enough satellites for a 2D or 3D fix, the status field in the upper left comer of the screen will display Old Posn. Try moving the GPS unit to a less "shaded" area.
3.3 Reinitializing the GPS Unit
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Maintenance _____Page: 6
If you travel more than 500 miles with the receiver turned off - you must reinitialize the unit to your new position. Record the reinitialization on the calibration form (Attachment 1).
To reinitialize the unit, turn the GPS unit on and allow GPS unit to initialize itself and calculate a position fix. (Total time to reinitialize is 3-5 minutes)
The Trimble GPS unit can be used to store up to 99 different waypoints. To mark your present location:
1. Select the Navigation Page, select Waypoint Setup. Then scroll to the Add Here menu and press ENTER.
2. When the Save waypoint page appears, scroll to the Yes menu to confirm press ENTER. 3. Within the Waypoint Setup page, scroll to the Edit Waypoint menu, and select ENTER 4. Enter a new waypoint name by using the up and down arrow keys to scroll through the alphabet or
numbers. 5. Press ENTER twice when finished..
Once a position is stored in memory as a waypoint, you can return to it:
1. In the Navigation Page, select To Waypoint and highlight the desired waypoint. Press ENTER 2. The Trimble will return to the Navigation Page, select Start Navigate. 3. Several navigation methods may be selected from the Display Format page.
3.4 Collecting point data for later differential correction
1. Esc to the Main Menu Page, and select the Data Capture Page. 2. Select Open Rover File and press ENTER. 3. Scroll to Select Feature, press ENTER then select Point and press ENTER. 4. While the Trimble collects points, scroll to the feature name (Blank line) and press ENTER. 5. Enter a new feature name by using the up and down arrow keys to scroll through the alphabet or
numbers. Press ENTER when finished. 6. Once the Trimble has collected a minimum of 120 positions (indicated in the upper right comer),
select Close Feature and press ENTER. 7. After the last point feature has been collected, select Close File and press ENTER. 8. The point data will then be ready for later download and differential correction with the Pfinder
Office software package.
3.5 Turning the GPS unit OFF Press and hold the LIGHT button for 5 seconds.
4. MAINTENANCE
There is no routine maintenance required for this unit.
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QUALITY CONTROL ______________Page: 7
5. QUALITY CONTROL
To ensure the accurate collection of data the GPS unit will be calibrated according to Section 2.0.
6. TRAINING
Training for general use requires a 15 minute standup session with a field staff member familiar with the operation of the system. Once training is complete a Certificate of Training will be completed and forwarded to the Quality Assurance Unit.
7. SAFETY
There are no specific safety concerns associated with this instrument.
ATTACHMENTS
Attachment T. Example of Trimble GeoExplorer Calibration and Reinitialization Form Attachment 2: Example of Certificate of Training
APPROVALS
Author
Field Operations Manager Quality Systems Manager Ecology Section Manager
_____________________________ _______________
Name
Date
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Attachment 1 Battelle Duxbury Operations Calibration Form for the Trimble GeoExplorer GPS Unit
D a te :______________________________
N a m e :_______________
Location of Calibration:_______________________________________________
Accepted Position
Measured Position
Latitude:____________
Latitude:__________
Longitude:__________
Longitude:________
Source of actual position
Determining Acceptance: To determine the difference between the `Accepted Position 'and the `Measured Position 'use the Trimble GEOEXPLORER (unless the positions are the same - then the following procedure is unnecessary.)
1. Enter the Accepted Position as a waypoint (see Section 3.4 on how to mark a position). 2. Enter the current Measured Position as a waypoint. 3. Go to the Main Menu Page. Highlight the submenu option and press ENTER. 4. Select the Distance and Sun calculation page. 5. Highlight the `FROM' field, press ENTER. Enter the Accepted Position waypoint. Press ENTER
again. 6. Highlight the `TO' field, press ENTER. Enter the Measured Position waypoint. Press ENTER again. 7. The distance between these two points will be displayed on the Distance and Sun page. If this distance is less than 100 meters then the instrument accuracy is acceptable.
* Note. Positional offset can also be calculated by hand using the procedures described in SOP#3-l 18-02 Northstar 800 GPS/Loran-C Navigation System (Section 2.1,4)___________________________________________________
Recorded Position (AM)
L a t it u d e : _________________
Longitude:_____________ Comments:
Recorded Position (PM) Latitude:________________ Longitude:_____________
Date Initials
Reinitializing of Trimble GeoExplorer GPS
Method
Location
Comments
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Attachment 2 Page: 9
Attachment 2
Battette Duxbury Operations Certificate of Training for the Trimble GeoExpIorer GPS Unit
Name of Trainee:____________ Date SOP Read:_____________ Date of Successful Operation: _
Signature of Approved Trainer:
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