Document QX3zr8vbGJn7Va9Zmw469L3YE

7^ 1PT--r--w rs f JANUARY 20,1978 i TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (perchloroethylene) U. S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE Public Health Service Center for Disease Control National Institute tor Occupational Safety and Health VVC 000008994 The Current Intelligence Bulletin is the primary product of the Current Intelligence System. The purpose of the Current Intelligence System is to promptly review, evaluate, and supplement new information received by NIOSH on occupational hazards that are either unrecognized or are greater than generally known. i As warranted by this evaluation, the information is capsulized and disseminated to NIOSH staff, other government agencies, and the occupational health community, including labor, industry, academia, and public interest groups. With respect to currently known hazard information this system also serves to advise appropriate members of the above groups of recently acquired specific knowledge which may have an impact on their programs or perception of the hazard. Above all, the Current Intelligence System is designed to protect the health of American workers and to allow them to work in the safest possible environment. Ankilostin Antisal 1 CAS 127-18-4 Didakene Ethylene tetrachloride Fedal-Un Nema Perclene PerSec Synonyms NIOSH-RTECS KX38500 Tetracap Tetrachlorethylene Tetrachloroethene Tetraguer Tetraleno Tetropil Tetlen 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethylcne DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 78-112 VVC 000008995 ii TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (PERCHLOROETHYLENE) The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recom mends that it is prudent to handle tetrachloroethylene (perchloroethylene) in the workplace as if it were a human carcinogen. The recommendation is based on a recent study by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) indicating that tetrachloroethylene causes liver cancer in laboratory mice (1). This Bulletin is to advise you of the findings of the NCI study, other pertinent data, their implications for occupational health, and precautions for handling tetrachloroethylene. Animal studies are valuable in helping identify human carcinogens. Substances that cause cancer in experimental animals must be considered to pose a potential cancer risk in .man. Safe levels of exposure to carcinogens have not been demonstrated, but the probability of cancer development is lowered with decreasing exposure to carcinogens. Thus NIOSH recommends that occupational exposure to tetrachloroethylene be minimized, and is providing suggested industrial hygiene practices. This is an interim recommendation, while the carcinogenic potential of tetrachloroethylene in the workplace is being further evaluated. The current Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standard for occupational exposure to tetrachloroethylene is 100 ppm, (8-hour timeweighted average). In July 1976 NIOSH (3) recommended an exposure limit of 50 ppm (time-weighted average for up to a 10-hour workday, 40-hour workweek). Neither of these levels may provide adequate protection from potential carcinogenic effects because they were selected to prevent toxic effects other than cancer. Potential Occupational Exposures Tetrachloroethylene is a volatile liquid with an odor detectable at about 50 ppm. It is a solvent widely used in dry.cleaning, fabric finishing, metal degreasing, and other applications. NIOSH estimates that approximately 500,000 workers are currently at risk of exposure to tetrachloroethylene in the United States. Over 20,000 dry cleaning establishments and a large number of other industries manufacture or use this substance. About 700 million pounds of tetrachloroethylene are currently produced in the United States each year. Two-thirds of the domestically consumed tetrachloroethylene is used for dry cleaning and for the processing and finishing of textiles. Tetrachloro ethylene is used by three-quarters of the dry cleaners in the United States because it is an excellent cleaner of most fabrics, is easily recycled, and is not flammable. Metal cleaning accounts for approximately fifteen percent of the domestic consumption of tetrachloroethylene, where exposures cam occur during degreasing and cold cleaning. Tetrachloroethylene also serves as a chemical VVC 000008996 intermediate in the synthesis of trichlorotrifluoroethane (fluorocarbon 113), dichlorotetrafluoroethane (fluorocarbon 114), chloropentafluoroethane (fluorocarbon 115), and hexafluoroethane (fluorocarbon 116). Tetrachloroethylene exposures may also occur in extraction processes, during its use as an industrial solvent, as a heat exchange fluid, and as a drug in treatment of internal parasite infestations. Laboratory Animal Studies for Carcinogenicity The long term animal study reported by NCI demonstrates tetrachloro ethylene to be carcinogenic in laboratory mice. In the study, B6C3F1 mice were force fed tetrachloroethylene for 78 weeks. Male mice were treated at two dose levels (536 or 1072 mg/kg/day) and female mice were treated at two different dose levels (386 or 772 mg/kg/day), A significant increase of hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer) was observed in both sexes of treated mice when compared with control animals. At both dose levels more than 50% of the male mice and 40% of the female mice (each from groups of approximately 50 animals) developed liver cancer. By compari son, cancer developed in 12% or less of the groups of untreated or vehiclematched controls. This NCI report is the first definitive association of tetrachloroethylene with cancer. To relate some of the above information to the work envi. orment, a 70 kg man breathing a typical 10 cu m/day (over an 8-hour work shift) of air contaminated with 100 ppm of tetrachloro ethylene would have an inhalation exposure of about 100 mg/kg/day. In tne same NCI report, Osborne-Mendel rats showed no significant increase of liver cancer under the same experimental procedure. Because many of the rats died early in the study, this bioassay was considered inadequate for the carcinogenicity testing of tetrachloroethylene. However there was a high incidence of kidney damage observed in both the rats and mice treated with tetrachloroethylene. A study by The Dow Chemical Company (2) found many tumors in SpragueDawley rats exposed by inhalation to 300 or 600 ppm tetrachloroethylene, but for most tumors there was no statistically significant difference in tumor incidence between exposed and Control rats. Some tumors were found in higher incidence in control animals. The only tumor seen at higher incidence in exposed animals was adrenal pheochromocytoma in female rats at the lower exposure level only. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor which gives rise to high blood pressure and hyperglycemia due to release of adren alin and noradrenalin into the blood. Increased mortality occurred in male rats exposed to 600 ppm tetrachloroethylene. Section references: 1,2 Other Laboratory Animal Studies The liver is a principal target organ of tetrachloroethylene exposure in 2 VVC 000008997 animals. Typical toxic effects are fatty liver, liver enlargement, and abnormal liver function tests. Tetrachloroethylene has also been shown to cause kidney damage in mice following intraperitoneal injection and in rats and rabbits following inhalation. Neurophysiological effects of tetrachloroethylene are reflected in the distinct alterations of the electroencephalogram (EEG) in rats. Central nervous system (CNS) depression, including abnormal weakness, handling intolerance, intoxication, restlessness, irregular respiration, muscle in coordination, and unconsciousness have been observed in exposed animals. Tetrachloroethylene has been shown to be a primary eye and skin irritant in rabbits. Other effects of tetrachloroethylene exposure in laboratory animals include lung damage (excessive fluid accumulation, inflammation, congestion, or hemorrhage), cardiac depression, decreased blood pressure, depressed respiration, decreased oxygen consumption, and depression in growth rate. One study suggests the teratogenic potential of tetrachloroethylene. Fetal and maternal toxicity was observed in mice and rats exposed to tetrachloro ethylene on days 615 of gestation. In this study a decrease in the maternal weight gain in rats, an increase in the relative weight of the liver in pregnant mice, an increase of fetal reabsorption in rats, a decrease in fetal body weight and an increase of subcutaneous edema in fetal mice, were all asso ciated with exposure to tetrachloroethylene. Delayed ossification of skull bones and split sternebrae were possible teratogenic effects observed in mice. Section references; 3,5,6,7,8,13 Human Toxicity Clinical evidence accumulated over the years clearly, demonstrates that tetrachloroethylene is toxic to the liver find kidneys in humans. Liver impairment has been noted in cases of exposure to tetrachloroethylene as evidenced by abnormal liver function tests. Also, toxic chemical hepa titis, and enlargement of the liver and spleen have been associated with exposure to tetrachloroethylene. Tetrachloroethylene vapor is irritating to the eyes and upper respiratory tract, and may cause frontal sinus con gestion and headache. Direct contact with skin can cause burns, blistering, and erythema due to the "degreasing" effect of tetrachloroethylene on the skin. Over a period of time this can result in extreme skin dryness with cracking and associated infection* Altered physiological and behavioral responses observed in subjects exposed to tetrachloroethylene include vague nonspecific complaints generally attributed to CNS depression. These symptoms include vertigo, impaired memory, confusion, fatigue, drowsiness, irritability, loss of appetite, nausea 3 VVC 000008998 and vomiting. Motor coordination following tetrachloroethylene exposure requires additional mental effort, which along with memory impairment and fatigue have important implications for worker safety. Various dis turbances of the peripheral nervous system such as tremors and numbness have also been associated with exposure to tetrachloroethylene. Excessive absorption of tetrachloroethylene can cause severe depression of the CNS leading to coma; ultimately death may occur from respiratory paralysis or circulatory failure. Tetrachloroethylene is most commonly absorbed through the lungs and can be absorbed from the intestines if ingested. The skin is a less impor tant absorption site. Physical exercise can significantly increase the amount of tetrachloroethylene absorbed through the lungs because of greater respir ation and increased blood flow. Metabolism and elimination of tetrachloroethylene is relatively slow. It is deposited in body fat and the biologic halflife of tetrachloroethylene in man is estimated at six days. Section references: 3,4,8,9*10,11,12,14 NIOSH Action on Tetrachloroethylene 1. NIOSH has contracted for a retrospective mortality study of persons employed in dry cleaning establishments where there had been exposure to tetrachloroethylene. The contract will be monitored by the Biometry Section of the NIOSH Industry-wide Studies Branch. 2. The NIOSH Industrial Hygiene Section of the Industry-wide Studies Branch plans an industrial hygiene assessment of dry cleaning workers exposed to tetrachloroethylene. 3. The NIOSH Behavioral and Motivational Factors Branch is undertaking a tetrachloroethylene behavioral teratology study. The study results should be available in late 1978. 4. NIOSH has contracted for a control technology assessment of the dry cleaning industry. The contract will be monitored by the NIOSH Control Technology Research Branch. 5. NIOSH will coordinate research on tetrachloroethylene with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) which is also examining the mortality experience of persons employed in dry cleaning establishments. 6. NIOSH has contracted for a study to evaluate the potential teratogenicity and the mutagenicity of tetrachloroethylene. This contract will be monitored by the NIOSH Experimental Toxicology Branch. 4 VVC 000008999 7. Currently available NIOSH publications on tetrachloroethylene include: a) Criteria for a recommended standard....Occupational Exposure to Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene). HEW Publication No. (NIOSH) 76-185. b) Health and Safety Guide for Laundries and Dry Cleaners. HEW Publication No. (NIOSH) 75-151. c) Effects of Perchloroethylene/Drug Interaction on Behavior and Neurological Function HEW Publication No. (NIOSH) 77191. d) A Behavioral and Neurological Evaluation of Dry Cleaners Exposed Perchloroethylene. HEW Publication No. (NIOSH) 77-214. Edward J. Baicr Deputy Director 5 VVC 000009000 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Bioassay of Tetrachloroethylene for Possible Carcinogenicity. DHEW Publication No. (NIH) 77-813. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, October, 1977. 2. Rampy, L. W., J. F. Quast, B.K.J. Leong and P.J. Gehring, Results of longterm inhalation toxicity studies on rats of 1,1, trichloroethane and perchloroethylene formulations. Toxicology Research Laboratory, Dow Chemical, U.S.A., Poster presentation, International Congress of Toxicology, Toronto, Canada, April, 1977. 3. Criteria for a recommended standard....Occupational Exposure to Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene). HEW Publication No. (NIOSH) 76-185. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, July, 1976. 4. Fishbein, L., Industrial mutagens and potential mutagens I. Halogenated aliphatic derivatives. Mutat. Res., 32: 267-308, 1976. 5. Fujii, T-, Variation in the liver function of rabbits after administration of chlorinated hydrocarbons, Jap. J. Ind. Hlth., 17: 81-88, 1975. 6. Duprat, P., L. Delsaut and D. Gradiski, Irritant potency of the principal aliphatic chloride solvents on the skin and ocular mucous membranes of rabbits. Europ. J. Toxicol., 3:171-177, 1976. 7. Brancaccio, A., V. Mazza and R. Di Paolo, Renal function in experimental tetrachloroethylene poisoning. Folia Med., 54: 233-237, 1971. 8. Mazza, V., Enzymatic changes in experimental tetrachloroethylene poisoning. Folia Med., 55:373-381, 1972. 9 Korn, J., How many more? Perchloroethylene intoxication in coin drycleaning establishments. Ugeskr. laeg., 139: 303-304, 1977. 6 VVC 000009001 10 Weichardt, H., and J. Lindner, Health hazards due to perchloroethylene in chemical drycleaning enterprises, from the viewpoint of occupational medicine and toxicology. Staub Reinhalt Luft, 35: 416-420, 1975. 11. Medek, V., and J. Kovarik, The effect of perchloroethylene on the health of workers. Pracovni lekarstvi, 25: 339-341, 1973. 12. Larsen, N., B. Nielsen, and A. RaynNielsen, Perchloroethylene intoxication. A hazard in the use of coin laundries. Ugeskr. Laeg., 139: 270-275, 1977. 13. Schwetz, B.A., KJ. Leong and P.J. Gehring, The effect of maternally inhaled trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, methyl chloroform and methylene chloride on embryonal and fetal development in mice and rats. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 32: 84-96, 1975. 14. Ikeda, M., and T. Imamura, Biological halflife of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene in human subjects. Int. Arch. Arbeitsmed., 31: 209-224, 1973. 7 VVC 000009002 SUGGESTED PROCEDURES FOR MINIMIZING EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE TO TETRACHLOROETHYLENE (PERCHLORO'ETHYLENE) CONTROL OF OVEREXPOSURES NIOSH recommends that it is prudent to handle tetrachloroethylene in the workplace as if it were a human carcinogen and that occupational exposure to tetrachloroethylene be minimized. Exposure to tetrachloro ethylene should be limited to as few employees as possible, while mini mizing workplace exposure levels. The area in which it is used should be restricted to those employees necessary to the process or operation. Furthermore, consideration should be given to isolating the tetrachloro ethylene exposure area so that adjacent workers are not also exposed. 1. Exposure monitoring The NIOSH Occupational Exposure Sampling Strategy Manual, NIOSH pub lication #77-173, may be helpful in developing efficient programs to moni tor employee exposures to tetrachloroethylene. The manual discusses determination of the need for exposure measurements, selection of appro priate employees for sampling, and selection of sampling times. Employee exposure measurement samples can be obtained and analyzed using the guidelines in NIOSH method #P&CAM 127 in the second edition of the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods, NIOSH publication #77-157. Exposure measurements should consist of 8-hour TWA exposure estimates calculated from personal or breathing zone samples (air that would most nearly represent that inhaled by the employees). 2. Engineering controls Engineering and work practice controls should be used to minimize em ployee exposure to tetrachloroethylene. To ensure that ventilation equipment is working properly, it is advised that effectiveness be checked at least every three months (e.g., air velocity, static pressure or air volume). System effectiveness should also be checked within five days of any change in production, process, or control which might result in significant increases in airborne exposures to tetrachloro ethylene. 3. Respiratory protection Exposure to tetrachloroethylene should not be controlled with the use of respirators except: 8 VVC 000009003 During the time period necessary to install or implement engineering or work practice controls; or In work situations in which engineering and work practice controls are technically not feasible; or To supplement engineering and work practice controls when such controls fail to adequately control exposure to tetrachloroethylene; or For operations which require entry into tanks or closed vessels; or In emergencies. Respirators should be approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) or by the Mining Enforcement and Safety Admin istration (MESA). Refer to NIOSH Certified Equipment, December 15, 1975, NIOSH publication #76-145 and Cumulative Supplement June 1977, NIOSH Certified Equipment, NIOSH Publication #77-195. The use of faceseal coverlets or socks with any respirator voids NIOSH/MESA approvals. Quantitative faceseal fit test equipment (such, as sodium chloride or PDOP) should be used. Refer to A Guide to Industrial Respiratory Protection, NIOSH publication #76-189 for guidelines on appropriate respiratory protec tion programs. Where respirators are used under the preceding guidelines, NIOSH recom mends that for routine use the employer provide either a) Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode (30 CFR 11.70(a)) or b) A combination respirator which includes a Type-C supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure or continuous flow mode and an auxiliary self-contained breathing apparatus operated in pressure-demand or positive pressure mode (30 CFR 11.70(b)). For fire fighting, the employer should provide a) Self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode (30 CFR 11.70(a)). For escape the employer should provide a) Any gas mask providing protection against organic vapors (30 CFR 11.90) or b) Any escape self-contained breathing apparatus (30 CFR 11.70(a)). PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Employers should provide impervious, gloves, face shields (8-inch minimum) and other appropriate clothing necessary to prevent repeated or prolonged skin contact with liquid tetrachloroethylene. Employers should see that employee clothing wet with liquid tetrachloro ethylene is placed in closed containers for storage until it can be discarded or until the employer provides for the removal of tetrachloroethylene from the clothing. If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the tetrachloroethylene, the employer should inform the person 9 VVC 000009004 performing the operation of the hazardous properties of tetrachloroethylene including the fact that it is a possible human carcinogen. Employers should see that permeable clothing which becomes contaminated with liquid tetrachloroethylenc be removed promptly and not reworn until the tetrachloroethylene is removed from the clothing. PERSONAL HYGIENE Employers should see that employees who handle liquid tetrachloroethylene wash their hands thoroughly with soap or mild detergent before eating, smoking, or using toilet facilities. Employers should see that employees whose skin becomes contaminated with liquid tetrachloroethylene promptly wash or shower with soap and mild detergent and water to remove any tetrachloroethylene from the skin. 10 ill CMMUfxmanftornct itn-- 7<,r.0')0/t,i VVC 000009005 1. Procedure a. Bolt device securely to firm base or floor to prevent overturning and lateral movement. b. Apply force at top rear and top right side edges. Measure pounds of force necessary to move top front edge 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) forward (or top left-hand edge 1/16 inch [1.6 mm] to left) from static position (as measured by plumb line from top edge to floor). c. Report deflection forces for specified deflection in both directions. 2. Acceptance The top front edge of the cabinet shall not move forward more than 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) nor the top of the sides move 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) from static position when a 250-pound (113.4 kg) lateral force .is applied to the top rear edge and top of the opposite side respectively. E. Resistance to Deflection of Work Surface Under Load 1. Procedure a. Measure distance from center point of front edge of work surface to floor. b. Place the 50-pound (22,7 kg) test load at the center of the work surface. Remove the test load and measure the distance from the center point of the front edge of the work surface to floor. (Fig. 32) 2.' Acceptance There shall be no permanent deflection of the work surface after applying and removing the 50-pound (22.7 kg) test load. F. Resistance to Tipping (applicable only to free standing devices with work surfaces) 1. Procedure Place the 250-pound (113.4 kg) test load centered from right to left of the work surface on the leading edge of the cabinet. (Fig. 33) 2. Acceptance The rear bottom edge of the cabinet shall not lift off the floor more than 1/16 inch (1.6 mm) with 250-pound (113.4 kg) load applied. IX. VELOCITY PROFILE TEST A. Purpose This test is performed to measure tfn velocity of the air moving through the cabinet work space and is to be performed on all cabinets accepted under the performance test Section VII. Thereafter, all units of such production models shall meet the manufacturer's stated downflow' velocities. B20 (0009006 VVC 00 Fig. 32 RESISTANCE TO DEFLECTION B21 VVC 000009007 fflfi! 250 ibs. (113.4 kg) applied to cento; of leading edge Detail A. I/ |/ \* 1/16M max. (1.6 mm) Fig. 33 RESISTANCE TO TIPPING B2I! 0^ 8. Apparatus A thermoanemometer with a sensitivity of 2 fpm ( .01 m/s) or 3 percent of the indicated velocity shall be used, C. Procedure Measure the air velocity in the work space at multiple points across the work space below the filters on a grid scale to give approximately nine readings per square foot in the horizontal plane defined by the bottom edge of the window frame. Air velocity readings shall be taken at least 6 inches (152.4 mm) away from the perimeter walls of the work area. Fig. 34 VELOCITY-PROFILE TEST B23 VVC 000009009 0. Acceptance The downward airflow velocity through the cross section of the unobstructed work area of those cabinets meeting the requirements of Section VII shall be measured. Once determined for the initial model meeting the requirements of Section VII, subsequent production cabinets of that model may qualify as meeting Section VII if the stated average downflow velocity is provided (see Section VII and X). WORK ACCESS OPENING AIRFLOW (FACE VELOCITY) TEST A. Purpose This test is performed to determine the calculated face velocity of the supply air through the work access opening. B. Apparatus A thermoanemometer with a sensitivity of + 2 fpm (1 .01 m/s) or 3 percent of the indicated velocity shall be used. C. Procedure 1. The air velocity measurements shall be taken at multiple points across the exhaust filter face on a grid with the points approximately 4 inches (101.6 mm) apart and 4 inches (101.6 mm) above the face of the filter. Minimum number of air velocity readings shall be nine for each square foot (0.09 square meter) of exhaust filter surface. Using the average air velocity, the exhaust air quantity (cfm) (m3/s) shall be calculated. 2. Calculate the face velocity of the supply air by dividing the exhaust air flow quantity by the work access opening area. (Fig. 35) D. Acceptance The face velocity of the supply air through the work access opening of those cabinets meeting the requirements of Section VII shall be calculated. Once the initial model has met the requirements of Section VII, subsequent production cabinets of that model may qualify as meeting Section VII if the calculated face velocity is provided. A variation of Ifpm (.03 m/s) from the average face velocity is permissible; however, in no case shall the calculated face velocity be less than 75 fpm (0.38 m/s) (see Sections VII and IX). INWARD AIRFLOW, WORK ACCESS OPENING TEST A. Purpose This test is performed to insure that airflow is inward along the entire perimeter of the work access opening. B. Apparatus Ethylene diamine and acetic add smoke itick, Mine Safety Appliances Co., 301 N. Braddock Avenue, Pittsburgh, Penn ylvania 15208, or equal. C. Procedure At a distance of approximately 4 inches ( 01.6 mm) from the face opening, scan the entire perimeter of the face access opening with the smoke stick. B24 VVC 000009010 Air velocity measurements shall be taken at multiple points across the exhaust Miter face on a grid approximately 4" (101.6 nm) apart and 4" (101.6 mm) above the face of filter. B25 WC 000009011 LABORATORY SAFETY RULES AND SUGGESTIONS (Cont'd.) E. Planning Laboratory Experiments (Cont'd.) Never leave a hazardous system unattended. For each reactant, intermediate, or product involved in the reaction, one must consider: flash point, flammability range, autoignition point, vapor pressure, etc. Will any of the reactants or products decompose, and if so, how rapidly and to what products? Is it impact sensitive? Is it toxic? For each experiment one must consider the reaction or reactions itself in terms of rate (how violent), effect of catalysts or inhibitors and effect of accidental exposure to. moisture and/or air. For each experiment one must consider the action and one's reaction should you experience a power failure, a cooling system failure, uncontrollable pressure increase, water or air leak into the system, or a vessel rupture to mention only a few possibilities. Records show that many explosions, fires, and asphyxiations are caused by the accidental combination of incompatible reactants. The following is a partial list of such potentially dangerous combinations. F. Fume Hoods Face velocity of fume hoods should be measured with a veloraeter, taking the average of 9-l6 readings taken on a grid dividing the hood so as to measure top, middle and bottom with the sash wide open. OSHA Standards call for the following velocities corresponding to the TLV of certain materials. TLV TLV TLV TLV - > 1000 ppm 10 - 1000 ppn 0.01 - 10 ppm < 0.01 ppm --> 80 FFM Average ---> 100 FPM Average --> 125-150 FFM Average --Use Enclosed Glove Box VVC 000009012