Document OEjJm2e1OYOYK17O3rZeJDJep
R&S 113798
BIO-MEDICAL.RESEARCH
DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION FORM 6368 6976
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Source (Journal, Vol., Number, Pages, Date )
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Brief Summary
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SUMMARY;
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R&S 113799
PO Box No 6 Bessemer Road Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire AL7 1HD
Telephone Welwyn Garden 23400 (STD Code 07073) STD Code from London Area 96 Telex 264251 Iciplest Welwyn
0000423
Imperial Chemical Industries Limited
Plastics
Division
Dr T H Torkeleon Corporate Medical Department The Dow Chemical Company Bennett Building 2090 Dow Center
Midland Michigan 48640 DBA
ec Dr G Forbes Grant ICI Americas Mew York
Your ref.
Our ref JS/MJI/DSO-107
Tel ext 3182
Date
22 September 1977 diet: 20.9.77
Dear Dr Toikelson
TCM
Thank yon very each tor
"g me a copy of yowr letter of 7 September
addreMod to John Lawrence and Mr Seawall. I am very glad to have the
HOSE list dated Ingest 1977. In the covering letter from Bose Kaminski
to yoeraelf, mention is made of the docamentation regarding German Casa 08.
Yon did not in fact send me a copy of this. Would it be possible for me to
see this to have it checked with ay German friends?
As fate womld have it X should today be at a CHIC VCM meeting in Munich but Just prior to my scheduled departure I developed 'flu and with a temperature of 101 took to my bed. I am very disappointed at this because I was wanting to elomr a lumber of natters with the European FTC producers in time for our meeting in Midland on 17 October. I do not know how the discussions will go but since I an on holiday for two weeks starting on 24 September I doubt whether X am going to get any mere up-to-date information prior to mooing you unless of course it comes by correspondence. X there enclose for your attention a copy of the paper 'Bvuluation of TCM Bisks in PTC Manufacture' which X
put up to today's meeting of CXFXC TCM/PTC producers. X would very much like to discuss this with you an 17 October though X realise that the American information is already out of date by the information given in Boas Kaminski's letter of 1 September where she says that SB Case 23 was employed at the Groat American Chemical Company in Fitchburg, Musa* This is very interesting
bsesnss this plant started in 1938.
X hope to return to the office on Thursday ef this week and finalise uy travel plans before I go on holiday. 1 will be doing this via Dr Forbes Grant in our Nsw York office who will let you know the details when they are settled. X as very much looking forward to aesing you on the l6th and having s nesting with yum on 17 Ostobsr.
With bast wishes.
Yours sincerely
Division Manager
Otffe* . (motrial ChtmKai HOuM, Millbvnfc, LOndOnSWlP 3JF.
TUPCBTiT. CSKCCAL HDCSTBHS UJOSS manes civxszok
TVimurna gr VCN BISKS TM PVC MAMPTACTUWI (paper for CX/IC Heating 20 September 1977, Nmieh)
Cmtgtfl-
Paua
1 Introductiaa
2 Studies available dace CSVXC Whit* Paper
3 Um of Available Hnaan Sato 4 Whoro will future A8 eoooo occur and who la Boot t risk?
5 Coucluaiaaa and kecoaasadationa
Appendix 1
Vwtam Burupeau PTC Producers - Start-p dataa to AS eaoaa
"2
net
nw
n ii n n
if 3 - Canadian
""
" " "" "
a 4 - Daatho froa AS ia PVC Worker* Is World
5 - Average axoosurs of as autodara worfcar
1 1 3 6
9
R&S 113800
Circulation
P1C
Or W Preisslabea Nr A S Oanatt Nr P 9 dana (ABB) Or L da Boar (Shall) Nr J C Thoaaa (BP) Or I Sarlanda (Noatadlaaa) Nr N Bonnafoy (Solvay) Or 0 list (loasa) Or J Caamllar (Shall) Nr C SJoelin (Xaaauord) Nr C Bangsaa (Horde Hydro) Or B Praofko (CVH) Nr H laaingaT (VXE) Hr P da Voogd (Shall)
CIA
Nr H W Vailaider Nr W Adaaa MrllC Baaaant Nr B Barda Dr B W Dttek Nr I L Phillips Nr B B P Hutches*
ICI
Dr 0 Paddla Nr 0 J Sladdon/Nr A W Barnes Or 0 Winter Or 0 P Duffiald Or 0 W Plastar Dr W Q T Adaaa Nr B J Toung Or J Stafford (6)
JB/MX/DSO-107 9 Saptaabar 1977
R&S 113801
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BUSTOS DIVISION i USLWXM OU CJTI
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XTAUunoif or icm tun n pk mnnenBs - one mn aon a momxch
1977
1 naoMcncw
Zb Chapter 2 of the GXFZC Whit* Paper (February 19%) on ICM toxicity it i* stated that "a preelae calculation of the angioearonsa risk associated with any particular level of exposure te KM la net possible in the present
state of knowledge* Susan dnta is Usitod eves as a world scale: rat data is sore cosplete hst overall there rinatne the problas of defining the relationship between hnsan and rat response"* On page 11 para (a)
it is farther stated that "KM related liver "nr1*--****"" have oeearred in workers probably exposed to at least 500 ppe: so cases have oeearred in other workers exposed to at least 50 ppa and possibly higher figaros. She gap between 50 and 500 ppa is inadeqaateiy characterised since groups
ef workers whs were elearly exposed, twenty years ago, te 200, 500 or 400 pps have not been identified".
It la not proposed te go over the White Paper ground again bat to review wfaat additional iaferaatiea and studies we have gathered since February 19% te help an in a sere precise evaluation of PCX risks.
2 mans ataxusu sues zss utmipim
otabl* aaosg the stadiee which have beoese available in the past two years are the following:
(a) Maxtor * Fox. Unset 51 JTM.ww 10*
A proportional sortality study on PIC fabricators was dose by death certificates te detest any recent change in pnttern la the period 1970 - 2* It was estlsated that 35>0O sen were involved in 1975 in PK fabrication* He excess liver aagiosareesae were found. Mb authenticated sesaaresenta ef KM exposure* are available, bat it Is generally thought that ever the-years, dependent on ventilation efficiency, the exposures weald have been in the range 1 - 50 ppa. {Published data are scarce bat there la a series of RSIS (national Technical Iaforsatlen Service, Bopt. of Censures? reports of investigations in 88 fabricators' prenlsos daring 1974, bat seat of those seen showed 1 pga or less* An exception was KU246 4&2 on Xtbyl Carp., ferre Saute (pipe extrusion) May 1974 which showed 4 pps (blender operator).]
(b) . Organisation gesewrees Counsellors Inc*. Bcnort of February 19%
Death certlfleatea of 4,592 FK fabriestien saployees who died in the period 1964 - 1975 were exanined. Mo. liver AS was found in this population, there was however an excess ef sortality dae to cancer is this group which ef coarse handled aany eheeicala/polysers other than PK. Mo attespt is aade to link the statistics with degree of exposure to KM. the total population at risk was not given.
. -i-
** 'r, - .''. ";
R&S 113802
I 2
(e) T97 t Collier. Brit. Journal of Industrie! Medicine 197? 34 u 1 - 10
the aortnllty experience of over 7,000 mb who Mr* at mm tlM exposed to VCM is tho nonufaeture of FVC woo studied. Tram tho job histories, tho mb m divided into tho following groups of tiao weighted average
High NadiM taw
- >200 ppa - 25 - 200 pp - <25 ppe
tho >7,000 group oplit Into 900 high, 5,600 aadlua and 2,900 low exposures. A significant excess of liver AS was found in tho "high" exposure group but not la tho aodlM and low groups.
(d) Metabolise Studlao
NotabollsM atudiws on aaiMlo particularly by Sow workers haws taudad
to suggest thresholds for VCM. In Hnropean Chaaieal News, 22nd July
1977, Or flehr^sg of Sow ventures aatiaatas of 25 p^ as a level of
hMan exposure at which tho rata of ootturranea of liver AS would ha
bo higher- than- the- natural level. On 12th July 1977 Miring at al
anbnittad os behalf of the MBA a paper "Haaolution of Ooaa-SaspoaM
Toxieity Data for Ohaaioals Inquiring Metabolic Activations Xxaapla - fOBL
doing Mefaaalla-Maatsn kinaties. Miring at al predict an incidence of
0.01* liver AS in rata exposed to 4,6 ppe 1CM. theoretical extrapolation^
te Ban (allowances Bade ton body boss and aetabolle differences) leads _
ta the aaggaatioa of an ineldsnee of 1*5 par 10 after daily axpooura _/
for 8 bourn te 1 ppe VCM. . Thin paper baa boon submitted to the Z2A.
"
(o) f ill b * " ~ T^T "Owantitative Slab AooaaMant for Ce--unity Mxuooure to VCM" PA 5 Deceaber 1975
Xxtrapolating frea rat axpooura data, thay eoaeleda that a population of 46n people living within 5 alios of US PIC plants and exposed on average te 17 ppb VCM res the riak of developing < 1 to 10 oaaoe of liver AS per
(f) Prof. Bichard Wilson
Prof Hichord Vilaau of lorvurd Hnlvarsity published a aMber f papers in 1976/7 giving a riak/beuefit analyais based oa extrapolations froa
^ data. His paper of 25/8/76 delivered to tho 4CS is San Praaeiseo for oxaaplo gives a lifatlaa risk of 0.00001 of obtaining liver AS at 0*5 ppa average exposure - the rids la coal ainiag, steel Miring, firefightin are given as 2 or 5 orders higher. Ia hia Appendix 5 ha suggests that 100200 AS eases (10 per year) will arlM frea foraer axpaaursa before improved hygiene redness tho rate to olaost sero.
(g) Prof. Ch. S*ti
birector. Imrtitwte of Toxicology. Surioh Puivornity
Prof Sohlattor has pahllshed a naabor of papers but Botsbly in his "Haxards
far Workers and CeasMers due to TOM" 29 October 1975 when 42 cases of
liver AS wore known, ha predicted about 100 further eases in the world
wide heavily exposed grasp.
r &S 113803
5
(h) Hr a W Paddla. 1CI Central Kadlcal Oroop
Zb sb lntarnsl ZCX report "Betinetion of the Long Ton Mortality due to sb Occupational laxard" (197$) Sr Paddle ob tho basis of a nwatoer f aeemptions sboat growth of exposed papulations la thoi post sad past exposures is relation to XCI's experience (500 ppa TWA for > 20 yearn) sad world angioaoresos experience eonstrootad a aodsl whieh lad to a pradietioa jwst m W fwrthsr AS daaths ap to 2000 itt sad a farthar 50 at a daeroaslsg rata thereafter*..
L--
<*> *=*
Within tha limitations of tho Baxtar at al and CKS studies, a raasoaahla aonolasioB css bo draws that at long period, low level ( <50 ppa TWA) exposure to VCN as liver AS has baas fowad in a largo popalatioa of PTC fabricators la VS sad VK (>100,000?). Within tha Units of tha Pox at al report, there hawe bean ao liver AS eases in a popalatioa of 6,500 people exposed op to 200 p^ VCM (TWA) bat there are two liver AS eases in 900 bob exposed, to > 200 ppa one of whieh we estlsate was well in excess vis 400 ppa at a tine when the recognised TIT far TOM for 500 ppa. (This is all very seek la lias with tho paper by Ott at al of Bow la Archives of lav. Health 1975 Tel 31 p 333-333 and the toctlaoay of Bow and others to tbs Joae 5974 hearings la Washington where detailed astlaetes were gives of laag tern average expesores and peak expaswree la a variety of jabs.)
Is there esoogh new evidence here for os to sake a firs statement that we knew of no liver aagioeareoasa la anyone exposed for 2D* years to 200 ppa TCH? Between asaafactwrers there is ease degree of consensus sboat the 200 ppa bat onion* and govemasnts will find the figere diffleolt to accept. There seeae to be aa oaknown territory between 200 and 900 ppa and we swcpact 400-500 PP* Is seas sort of dividing llae. (The effects of high peek exposures la the 1,000-5,000 ppa sene is not and canaet be taken into account because we de net knew their offset.)
3 V8B OP AVAILABLE BSMAM BATA
Dr Paddle, on tho heals of Naltoal and other data has re-exnniaed hie 1976 work and triad out variowa aaw aedela bat cannot convince hlaoolf that ho has any flra ground to change away froa his first prediction. However, he oonsidera hla data base ao oparso that his speculations are not rosily saitoblo for pwhlieation. Wo hove therefore tamed to eoao of tho fimest inforsation we have vis the listing of liver AS deaths ts asoertala whether anything wsefnl eaa be derived froa thin souree to help la evaluation of risk. The edition revised on 1 Beptaaber has been sent to you eeparetely.
3A UBS0HB TO BB UASHKB IMH UVBt Afl XX8IUIQ8
(a) Western Bnrone PTC Prodaoorw - Plant gtart-an Bates versua AS Cases
In Appendix X there Is a table derived froa on XCX databank which aay bo dofleioat and wrong especially with aoae of tho onrly start-np date# and eapaeitlos. Aa it stands tho table la interesting for the following
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(1) There have k*n no AS oun reported in any V Xuropean pleat eterted after 1954.
(ii) Of the 49 V Xuropean plaata atarted before 1976. AS oaaea hare been reported in 16.
(ill) Of the 24 Xuropean plaata atarted before 1954. AS oaaea bare been reported la 16.
(lv) Of the 27 oaaea, 8 had their firat expoaare la the year of plant etart-iqp.
(t) Of the 27 oaaea. Shad their firat exposure Aaathe*plant capacity ma below 20.000 toe.
(wi) Of the 27 oaaea, 17 had their firat exposure when the plant eapaeity wan below 10.000 tna.
(vii) Of the 27 oaaea, 1 era in plaata atarted prior to 1990.
(will) Of the 14 plaata atarted prior to 1990, 3 hate no reported AS oaaea win BAST (1944), Lonna (194?) and Shell (1990).
(lx) The 27 oaaea are elnatared in the following way.
Taaanord (Snndewall) FOX (Brlgnond) Synanit K (froiedorf)
Wanker (Barghauasn) OWS (Karl)
-- -
-
4 4 3
3 2
5 oat of 49 plaata hare anltiple AS eaaea 11 oat of 49 planta have a single AS ease
(I query France 03 at St Fens - I think tousillon nay in faet hare 2 eaaea)
(x) 8olvic (Ferrara) and Salvia (Balleln) were atarted in 1993 presMnbly with eiailar technology and and op abovt the ease sine bat only
. Ferrara has an AS ease. Solvio (Tavanx) atarted in 1933 alao and baa 1 ease bat lta 1977 eapaeity ia such bigger than Ferrara or Xalvle.
(b) BB PTC Prodneem - Flant Start-an Paten w AS cases
In Appendix 2 there is a sinHsr table to that in Appendix I bet regrettably the 3CI databank ia lacking In precise lnforaation for the vital early years of the lndnetry. With the United lnforaation available, we can howewer discern a soaevhat different pattern froa the W Xnropeen one.
(i) there have been no AS eaaee reported in any plant atarted after 1992.
(11) Of the 4&(?) plants which have ever existed, AS eases have been reported in (Cf Xeropa 16J)
(iii) Of the 11 XS plants started before 1221, AS oases have been reported In 2*
(iv) Of the 20 AS eases, 17 had their 1st exposare when eapaeity
was <,30,000 tpa and aany probably at plant start-up but these data will be checked with Dr Torkelaon of SFZ on 17 October.
(It) Pr* 1977 Pinta Thar* ar# 20 pr* 1977 plants in th* Xaatern Bloc. Two plants bar* reported dusters of 2 daatha.
(f) B--ary
o
Our inforaetion about th* aarly year* of plant start-up* and pra-1950 oapaeitlas is dafieiaat tat should b* capable of being aad* aora accurate. If on* asssa*a that *U AS casas in th* past hav* b**n picked np, thar* is enough inforaation to suggest that a good proportion of AS case* occurred in aan who vara involved in and had thair first exposures at th* start-ap of plants founded pre-1954. A farther good proportion of the aan war* first exposed when plants had tiny capacities by aod*m standards (aad I suspect thar* are unrecorded oases in sone of th* early plants)* This nay just be a st*teaat of th* otaioas, a trwlan related to latency period and sxposarsa daring start-ups of capacity increases etc tat it is Important In any risk semination to know whether the woret la past or it hss still to coao. In anny ways this is still an span question.
It is interesting to noto that Ba Boat suspect that sxssss cancer daatha fres acrylonitrile exposures occur in the grasp of worker* initially exposed in 1990-2 - there are no exoesass in workors first exposed in the 1999-5 period. The astarsbad period is by coincidence th# ease as with VCK. Da Pant's suspicions say be preseture becana* the latency period la just bringing th* 1953-5 group into range. Howeeer th* idea of inysstigstlng apecial hasarda at plant cnaaieeioning say be pertinent.
wraw WILL fUTOBB AS CASZ5 OCCBB ADD WBO IS MOST AS HSCf
(a) latency Periods of AS Caaes
Tabl* 1 Plstritatlon of latent Period*
<5 y*srs 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 >29 years
Total
World
0 1 10 17 21 10 5
64
USA
Canada
Ttanc*
Oernany Fgawinjfr
00 00 25 60 65 32 40
21 10
000 00 1 140 935 235 20 3 001
8 10 15
Th* distribution curre of latency periods la flat. With an overall ererage
of around 21 years, th* latency period peeks at 19*25 years but there is a substantial incidence at 10-14 end 29-29 years and aos* risk at shorter aad longer periods* In tarns of latency periods, it is probably th* recruits experiencing first exposure In tbs period 1952-62 who ar* now
sost at risk.
pi*
R&S 113807
i
7 j ^ (b) Data of let Breoauro of AS Cases
Table g Pat* of Tiret Brpoaure
-1944 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74
Total
World
10 19 16 11
6 2 0
64
usd
Canada
hence
54 84 51 20 1- 1 00 00
21 10
0 3 1 3 0 1 0
8
Besainder
01 04 27 42 40 01 00
10 15
The Worldwide pattern, of data* of first exposure is not exceptional. When divided into asBSSTwta it ess ba saas that the Asariean and Canadian oasaa wars exposed at relatively early dates* tha Gersan eases at relatively lata dates. The Asariean, Canadian and Trench data refleet tha growth of the industry. Tha Gersan eases appear ta cose tea late and consequently the Carson latent periods appear to be relatively short*
* * < ' - - * . > r ` _ .
(e) Bata of Biasnosls of A8 Cases
Table 5 Date of Masuosis
World
DBA-
Trance Geranny
-1944 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 sines 74
Total
0 0 0 2 3 9 24 26
64
<y 0 00 00 02 21 52 84 6- 1
21 10
000 000 000 000 000 110 039 766
8 10 15
Those figures raise the question of whether DBA and Canada have passed their peaks while Trance and Gemany are reaching thus and other countries have their peaks yet to ease*
It is these figures one wishes to prediet, but one snot do so free tha latent period and noraena exposed data and not directly frost this Table 3.
8
(d) emulative twuw of AS D--tha
Tor eoeplataneea, in Appendix 4, *S deaths reported per annm and
emulative averages are given. X don't find the* particularly helpful
. la the
of predieting the risks ahead of ue.
I (e) Correlation between AS deethe end plant canaclty
Since the ICI datahenk ha* relatively good tonnage capacity per annua it la easy bet tlm-eonsunlag to work out emulative capacity par AS case. Apart free Shawinlgan where the aeeuaulated potential output hae been 38,000 te per AS cue. It looked as if there wee a nice handing which ahoved that faotorlea with aultiple AS ceeee were in the hand 0*25-1 *0a te of PVC per AS cam and thoee faetorlas with single AS eaaee were in n 1-4e ta band of PfB oatpat par AS ease* The 2nd case at CUB Marl has rather dented this theory which X realised was parhape Irralavant* X have any interesting graphs of individual factory capacity increases vs AS eases which I will display at sou* later data* Of particular interest perhaps are the graphs of SB and V Xurepean growth in PVC capacity vs Incidence of AS eases* When X have dona sane further work I say wish to return to this subject If it is thought worthwhile
(f) AS Cues and Population at Bisk
Sr Paddle of XGI Central Medical Group advises * that total emulatemd
"tonnage" and "esses" are riot related because it la. only tonnage up to sey
195* that is of importance. Total tonnaga and came nay never be rellattafl^
because It is parsons sxpessd and thalr exposure level that are laporrt'a^^P
Indeed It is "emulative persons exposed" that Is critical. The rel#e'vent-
data for ICI for lnatanee are given in TmUe *.
o
*** * ICI PVC Canacitr/Mea Bxnosed
Sate
PVC
PVC Cuculative VCH Cumulative
CTS)*T eaployme employees
PVC caplcyccc
(PPM) Cumulative TWA Autoclave Autoclave Cleaners Cleanere
1944 1949
1954
6
9 2D
16
32 133
217
415 644
16 ? 900 32 11 700 135 42 700
1959 1964
1969 1974
59 128
180 230
228
444 621 710
877
1337 2276
2627
282
595 966
1197
80 400
219 300 389 250 406 20
R&S 113808
What Is th* exposure which caums AS probleas, A TWA of 400 or 500 pjn?
Mbnt is tha population at risk in ICI? Prw 195* autoclave eleaaerc only? Pre 1999 autoclave cleaners only? This could he a tri-- of 100 people In XCX! If tbs dangerous does la 1000 ppn, tha 100 people could he drastically reduced.
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R&S 113809
9
Are we confidant enough to dioeoimt finally the other PTC eeployeea with <200 no TWA npannt and tho largo nuaber of emulative VCM employees with such aaaller TWA expoaurea aaj <50 ppa am <5 ppa and perhaps 1 ppa?
All oar experience to data points Z think to the fact that the watershed is around a THA of 400 - 500 ppa and so- should concentrate on enanlatiTs nMhsra of autoclave olsanors and fitters in the autoclave area.
It is laportant to identify these high risk people and idisre possible to quantify their exposure. The latter in not easy as will be appreciated free a quick inspection of the graph in Appendix 5 "here eetiaetes are given far average axpeanres in 6 plant extensions.
(g) Bunsarr
Making any estiaate of risk in a situation where there are so aeny variables and the data are so inocaplete is an extreaely difficult task alaost ispossible if the result is to be published and defended in public. Paddle, Schlatter and Wilson have all indicated that we should expect 100 e farther AS eases before the end of the century and a rapid decline in eases thereafter. The agrecaent of these three wise sea however does net sake their speculations true. I find it hard to believe that there will be only 100 + further AS esses in 140 pro 1977 plants in the World, an average of 1 per plant when there have been clusters of op to 10 per plant. Why not 1000 eases still to eoae?
The risk for autoclave workers first exposed in snail plants and plant startups seaas to as to have been very high indeed(and I an certain that there has been under-recording of cases in the past). The present lack of cases la plants started after 1951 - 4 could be aslnouB end the fist latency period distribution curve certainly does not help us to predict accurately. Zs every PTC plant going to have 1 or aore AS ease- as tine elapses? Will plants which have had AS eases continue to get then either because there is seaething odd la their technology or their workers are aero susceptible? Our crop of AS eases staas aalnly froa plants started in the 40's - are we now going to run into a crop froa the plants of the 50's, then the 60's, etc. with their rapidly accelerating growth in eapaeltlea/nuabera of aen exposed? At the present tine we are poised on an edge and don't know whether the incidence of oases is going to rise fast or fall fasti
In the fiO's capacities were growing rapidly when AOL aanifested itself for the first tine - perhaps aistakanly wo have not analysed the incidence of AOL as deeply as we have AS.
Whatever conclusion we eventually reach, the TCM prohlea is orders of Magnitude different Tvm the asbestos situation, where it has been-reported that of one Billion exposed workers in the USA, 0.2 a will die of bronchial cancer end 80,000 of aesethelleaa; also that in the SB 1000 cases of ascothslicac ere reported each year. However, we still have to ascertain whether the AS ease rate is IK, 10Jf or 20% of high exposed peculations. The total nwber of eaeea nay be aaaller, hut if we collect evidence of high percentage incidence rates we could be faced with difficult pyachological and politienl probleaa*
R&S 113810
10
3 CCHCUISIORS AMD HECCMMXHDATICKS An evaluation of ride suitahle for publication and uaa with regulatory authorltlaa cannot ba nada at tba praoent tiaa. To ba of service aaeh an evaluation would have to ba baaed on batter information than we have at preaant. It la reccaaended that wa choulrt do the following: (i) Make an aatlnata of the emulative snaber of high exposed workara country by country aa In Table 4. (11) Hava aaae understanding and nuke quantitative eatlaatea of apomrea of high ride workara. (iii) Make a liating of iOL caaea factory by factory and aaaaaa what affect thia baa an any evaluation of risk. (lv) Continue to refine and Improve oo AS caae listings and analysis of tbeae caaea factory by factory.
J Stafford Oivlaion Manager Health It Xnviranaent Protection
JS/MJH/IBA/D80-107 9 Septanber 1977
i
R&S
WESTERN .EUROPE PVC PRODUCERS - START-UP DATES vb AS CASES
Pafrel
START-UP YEAH
COUNTRY HAME
COMPANY NAME
.
- ' .i g
' ,, k ** ,
* 'i
*r
*'
r,
\ ! , , *
'a
|-
;Ur , { *
1940 1944
1945 1946 194? 1948
1949 1950
1951 1952 1953
United Kingdom
Went Germany West Germany
Sweden Switzerland
France
Italy
United Kingdom West Germany
Belgium
France
Holland Norway
* 1
Italy
Italy
Austria France Italy Spain United Kingdom '
West Germany
Q
ICI
BASF Vacker
Kemanord Lonza
Hhone-Poulene
Montedison
BP Chem Huls
Solric
Puk Rhone-Poulenc Shell Norsk
Montedison
Montedison
Halvio Solvie Solric Rio Rodano BIP Hoechsf
LOCATION
START-UP 1977 CAPACITY CAPACITY
AS CASE
1st EXPOSURE
CAPACITY IN YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE (Kt)
Hillhouse
Ludwigshafen Burghausen
Sundavall Laiden (Vlsp)
Rousilion
Porto Harghera
Barry Marl
Jemeppe
Brignoud St Auban Pernio Heroya
Brindisi
Terni
Hallein Tavaux Ferrara Hernani Aycliffe Gendorf
1.0
2.0 3.0
1.0 1.0
1.0
1.0
3.0 1.0
2.0
2.0 2.0 2.0 1.0
1.0
7.0
2.0 4.0 2.0 1.0 .5-0 2.0
C.
160.0
160.0 190.0
85.O 40.0
,10.0
240.0
140.0 440.0
182.0
115.0 110.0 169.0
65.0
170.0
40.0
55.0 230.0
80.0 30.0 45.0 130.0
01 44
04 fc 077 WJ 01,02,03,04
57 * 54,55 5147,gl
01,03*
02
03 09b 117 (HO
01
02,04,05,06 07
01
gg,gg-(?)
57 66 6l, 61
58
59,65,58 E3
E3
08 57. 03 IB
06? 60
6.
8.12,12 2,1,1,1
1,1 12 110 80 16 10,2,20,5 2 1
27 2
31
. HP put him under St Pons I ?
O
f
C.) O Page 2
START-UP YEAR
COUNTRY NAKE
1954
- 1955 1956
France West Germany
Spain
Spain
1958 I960 1962
1965
1966 1967 1968 1969 1970
West Germany
Italy
Portugal West Germany
France Italy
West Germany
Vest Gemuiny
France Spain
Belgium
United Kingdom
Italy United Kingdom
COMPANY NAME
Rhone-Poulenc Dynamit
Monsanto Iberia
Cai^sa Hispavic
Solvay
S C Ravenna
Cirea Lonza
Rhone-Poulenc Pozzi Rumianca Wacker
Hoechst
A.T.O. Chirale Rio Rodano
Badiphil
Vinatex
SIR ICI
*
O--
LOCATION
START-UP 1977 CAPACITY CAPACITY
AS CASE
1st EXPOSURE
CAPACITY IN YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE (Kt)
St Fons Troisdorf
Monzon
Sabinanigo Torrelavega
Rheinberg
Ravenna
Oporto Waldehut
Montlucon Ferrandinn Cagliari Sardine Cologne
Knapsack
Balan Miranda de Ebro
Antwerp
Staveley
Porto Torres Sar Runcorn
6.0 2.0
1.0
1.0 2.0
6.0
6.0
6.0 8.0
10.0 45.0 * 30.0 36.6
24.0
25.0 15.0
50.0
25.0
70.0 70.0
240.0 70.0
74.0
2.0 36.O
160.0
110.0
35.0 30.0
15.0 53.0 155.0 140.0'
113.0
100.0 90.0
80.0
60.0
135.0 70.0
03 46* 01,02,03 *. 05 56,57,52(7),62 5.10,7,10
.
f' '
* Is he a Rousillon worker? Transferred later to St Fons7 o
R&S 113812
R&S 113813
START-UP TEAS
COUNTRY NAME
COMPANY NAME
LOCATION
1971
1972 1976
Italy Spain Sweden United Kingdom
Finland Holland
France
S C Ravenna Hispavic Kemanord BP Chen
Pekema DSH
Soc Art D'vinyl
Ravenna Kartorell Stenungsund Baglan Bay
Svartback Beek Limburg
Hatingarbe
START-UP 1977 CAPACITY CAPACITY
40.0 20.0 20.0 45.0
30.0 75.0
65.0
40.0 85.0 150.0 90.0
55-0 150.0
130.0
AS CASE
pw 3 1st EXPOSURE
Imperial Cheatcal Industries Limited Plastics Division Welwyn Garden City
** Not attributed Ger 08, It 01
*** 1st exposure coincident with first start-up boxed i 8 out of 2? total
JS/hJD/DGO-107 8 September 1977
i I
o
AJCftWiliX 2
PSA PTC 1111 mm mu ^^iirr rrr urns v as cask
Page 1
START-UP TEAR
COMPACT
J1939? L1946?
f 1940?
1.1950?
*UCC 11
bio
It
1946? 1947 1948 1948
UCC Goodyear Fireetone Uniroyal
1950 Monsanto
LOCATION
STABT-UP 1977 CAPACITT CAPACITY
AS CASES
S Charleston
tl
Louisville
It
Texas City Niagara Falls Pottstown PainesTille
? 25
?
50 25
1 5 11
73 07.13*19*33
240
90 35 102 (61)
01,02,03,04 05,06,09,16? 17?,22?
08,10,11 12
Springfield
5 (68)
1952
1952 1953 1954 1956 1956
Dow Midland
BFQ Avon Lake
Diamond
Deer Park
den Tire
Ashtabula
Air Products
Pensacola
Atlantic Refining Brooklyn
5 (27)
7 55 18? 6 210 11 57 14 62 5 (23>
1st EXPOSURE YEAR
CAPACITY AT 1st EXPOSURE
44,44,43,39
<25
48,55,45,52 44,62,54,50
55,49
<50,70,^50,50 <50,90,50,<90
70 ,<50
COMMENTS
46,51,46 49
1,5.1 5
54 7
\
Terminated 1975/6
Takeover by Borden? Terminated
1972/3 Terminated
1968/9
Terminated 1966
* Databank haa no Information on UCC before 1946 or BFQ before 1930
R&S 113814
R&S 113815
(
START-UP YEAR
COMPANY
LOCATION
START-UP 1977 CAPACITY CAPACITY
AS CASES
1956 1956 1956 1956
1956 1956 1957
Borden
Leominster
Conoco
Hebronville
EFQ Niagara
Great American Plastics
Flltchburg
Hooker
Hicksvilla
Pantasote
Passaic
Atlantic Tubing Cranston
1957 1958 I960 I960 I960 1962 1963 1963 1965 1965
Tenneco Keyeor Century BPS Air Products Borden Tenneco Conoco Stauffer Conoco Ethyl
Flemington NJ Saugus, Cal Watson, Cal Calvert City Xlliopolis Burlington NJ Aberdeen, Mlsc Long Beach Cal Assonet, Mass Baton Rouge
5 5 7 2
5 5 5
5 3 12 23 18 22 29 9 56 23
81 (35) (n)
31
10 25 (23)
36 20 55 120 155 75 185 66 (68) 87
1st EXPOSURE YEAR
CAPACITY AT 1st EXPOSURE
COMMENTS
ended 1963/A ended 1971/2
Terminated 1966 Restarted 1974
ceased 1968/9
* h. ,, t .r ; -
,x; ' i *J * . ; .t
h, 1 rJ, ' ,
' , ,J , '
)
STABT-UP TEAR
COMPANY
1966 1966
1966 1966 1967
Diamond General Tire/
Pantas BTG .
Stauffer Allied
LOCATION
STAET-UP 1977 CAPACITT CAPACITT
Delaware City Kt Pleasant
W Va Henry, 111 Delaware City
Painesvllle, 0
23 23
45 23 45
45 41
55 110 {109)
AS CASES
1967 1968 1969 1969 1969
Hooker firestone BFG Goodyear Olln
Burlington HJ Perryvllle Pedrlckton NJ Plaqumalne Aooonet, Hass
27 52 13 18 68
78 104 <5
90 (68)
1971 1972 1973
1973 1974
Conoco Nat Starch Borden
Oklahoma City Heredosia, III Springfield
34 5
68
Robintech
PalneT111e, C 113
Atlantic Tubing Cranston El
23
110 5
14
136 25
) 3
1st EXPOSURE TEAS
CAPACITY AT 1st EXPOSURE
COMMENTS
ceased 1972/3 Takeover by
Robintech?
ceased 1975/6 Takeover from
Conoco?
Takeover of Monsanto plant? Takeover of Allied plant?
1 '*
t *
i, t
"A 1
R&sH381fi
R&S 113817
1
START-DP TEAS
COHPANT
LOCATION
START-UP 1977 CAPACITT CAPACITT
1974 1975 1975 1975
Shlntech
Freeport, Tex
Certain-teed
Lake Charles
Georgia Pacific m
Tenneco
Plaqunaine, Le Pasadena, Tex
100 90
100 115
150 100 110 130
AS CASES
) Page 4
1st EXPOSURE TEAR
CAPACITT AT 1st EXPOSURE
COMMENTS
i v ' '
,
laperial Cheaical Industries Halted Plasties 01vision Welwyn Garden City
J3/KJI/D60-10? 8 Septeaber 1977
] O.
^
.f >
:.'v :
START-DP YEAR
COMPART
1943 "Goodrich"
1951 1957 1966
Monsanto " Goodrich Esao
AWHDUEJ CANADIAN PTC PROPOCERS
PACTS y AS CABEB
LOCATION
START-DP 1977 CAPACITT CAPACITT
AS CASES
1st EXPOSURE TEAR
CAPACITT AT 1st EXPOSURE
COMMENTS
Shavinlgan
1
La Salle Welland Sarnia
3 5 20
27
(16) 27 27
01,02,03.04 05,06,07,08
09,10
44,43,41,45 44,47,46,61
46,53
1,1,0,1 1,1,1,8 1,5
Terminated 1975
1 ,, V *
V
s'
Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Plastics Division Welwyn Garden City
JS/HJE/D60-107 8 September-1977
o
i,
'U
i 't
R&S 113818
I
' \<;V y J-
R&S 113819
l APPENDIX 4
Peatha from AS in PVC Workers In World (based on MIOSH tables 31/V77 + CgFIC info)
Cage Humber
Tear of Death
Ca 1
Ca 2
OS 08 Ca 3
TO 05
Ci 2 Fr 01 Ca 4, Ca 5, TO 04, TO 07, TO 10 Qa 01, TO 12, TO 16 Sw 01, TO 11 Ca 6, Qa 02, TO 02* Ca 7, It 02, Nor 01, Sw 02, TO 01 Ca 8, TO 01, TO 03, TO 23, TO 01, ID 02** Ca 9, Ca 1, Qa 04, 0# 06, TO 03, TO 13 Fr 02, Ft 03, Qa 05, 0e C?, 0* 08, It 03 *** Jap 1, TO 06, TO 09, TO 18 Be 01, Fr 04, Fr 05, Nr 06, Fr 07. Sw 03, TO 20
TO 22 Ca 10, Fr 08, TO 21 + Qa 10 + TO 23*1 Sw 04
+ Qa in + TO 24?
1955 6 7
8
9 60
1 2
3
4 5
6
7
8 9
70 1 2 5 4 5
6
7
Mo of Deaths
1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
5 3
2
3
5 6 6 10
8
8
63 .***
Cumulative Average
since 1955
1
0.5 0.67 0.5 0.4
0.33 0.43 0.5 0.55 0.5 0.45
0.5
0.54
0.88
1.0 1.06 1.18
1.39 1.63 1.85 2.24
Cumulative Average aince 1968
5 4 3-3 3.25 3.6 4 4-3 5
2.5 5-3
excludes It 01 (hag extruder)
* excludes Ge 03 (pesticide can'filler) *** includes Be 08 in NIOSR list about which CEFIC known nothing
OK 02, TO 14 and TO 15 non-polynerination oases (so called) totally excluded
t j
v
J
l
*
tVt
0Z8SW SSU
APfftTX 6~
Ave g6g Sifatytea. or
fc^otCAHC
I MI w. TTTT Uii !.'i) lilt ill nil
pr-
TtiT nil
jit: rlf u
i:i
itrii Ilit .1:; Uil
iii:
n
x1tl
Ml!
!.:ti i;
1111 li lt;
I l!!l
11 : tit:
<n
:::: tj:: I I ( TfTT
I t-i it: l;:'i l!i
:i
lit J53.
w,
-ill
Xi 55--
o
Mil lulL:: *tu
VK*
R&S 113821
' IMPERIAL CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED PLASTICS DIVISION-WELWYN GARDEN CITY
Pram: J STAFFORD DWllion Mn<pr
HmMi A EflWavnnwm Pranetisn DS0-107 EM. 3162/3261/2096 3261 - Or Soltonl`1 Sk. 3006 - TMapton* aonua in TS To:
Tou wj care to have th* attached tables as addenda to my note of 9 September entitled "Evaluation of VCM Risks in PVC Manufacture" prepared for the CEFIC meeting of 20 September.
JS
Date 12 October 1977
TZr-
Circulation
OPTC
Sr W Treiesleben Mr A S Garnett Mr P 0 Claus (APNE) Sr 1 de loer (Shall) Mr J C Thaaas (BP) Sr T Garlands (Montedison) Nr M Bonnefoy (Solvay) Dr B Idat (Lease) Dr J Kaaauller (Shell) Mr C SJoelin (Keaanord) Mr C Rangnee (Norsk Hydro) Dr B Praefke (CHB). Nr B TSologer (VIE) Mr P de Voogd (Shell)
CIA
Mr B W Vallender Mr W AdMS Mr P Sharroek Mr B Bards Dr B W Duck Mr T L Phillips. Mr B M P Hutchesson
ICI
Dr 0 Paddle Mr 0 J Sleddon/Mr A W Bernes Dr D Winter Dr D P Duffield Dr D W Plaster Dr WOP Adsas Mr X J Toung Dr J Stafford (6)
v. EASTERN BLOC PVC FACTOH^t- STABT-UP DATES va AS CASKS
START-UP YEAR
COUNTRY NAME
1941 Russia
1950 Yugoslavia
1951 Czechoslovakia
1955 East Germany
1956 1957
Rumania .
Poland Rumania
1958 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969 1970 ,
Rumania Hungary Rumania Yugoslavia Bulgaria Poland Russia Rumania Russia
COMPANY NAME State Comps Jugo Vlnil State Comps State Comps
State Comps State Comps State Comps
State Comps State Comps State Comps Ohis State Comps State Comps State Comps State Comps State Comps
LOCATION
Vladimir et al
Split
Novaky
Bitterfeldt Schkopau Icechim
Osweicim (Duory) Tirnavenl Turda RisDOT
Berente Borsod
Borzestl
Skopje
Varna
Tarnow
DJerjinsk
Rimnicu Vilcea Volgograd
START-UP 1977 CAPACITY CAPACITY
AS CASE
1.0 110.0
3.0 25.0 01 & 02 1.0 90.0 01 & 02
7.0 36.0
.0 1&0.0
1.0 .0
7.0 60.0 2.0 .0 5.0 .0
2.0 .0
3.0 40.0
12.0
36.0
5.0 50.0
12.0
40.0
40.0
90.0
50.0
60.0
40.0 60.0
40.0 60.0
Page 1
1st EXPOSURE
CAPACITY IN YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE (Kt)
53 fcffiol 57 t, ||l]
3. 3 5, 1
o
R&S 113822
R&S 113823
START-UP TEAR
COUNTRY HAKE
1972 Yugoslavia
1975
Czechoslovakia Russia
1976 Yugoslavia
1977 |Rumania
COMPANY NAME
Vinilplastika
State Coops State Comps
Hip State Comps
LOCATION
Zadar Neratovice Kalush Area Pancevo Rimnicu Vilcea
START-UP 1977 CAPACITY CAPACITY
20.0
25.0
100.0 180.0
100.0 180.0
40.0
40.0
140.0
140.0
AS CASE
Page 2
.
1st EXPOSURE
CAPACITY IN YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE (Kt)
, 1 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Plastics Division Bessemer Bond Welwyn Garden City Hertfordshire
\ JS/MN
i 12 10-77
J
JAPANESE PVC PRODUCERS
UP DATES va AS CASES
Pane 1
START-UP TEAR
COMPANY NAME
1950
Chisso Corp Kanegafuchl Kag Tekkosha
1951
Mitsui Toatsu
1952
Mitsubishi Mon Sumitomo Kag
1953
Denki Kagaku Nippon Zeon Toa Gosei
1955 1956
Ryo-Nichi
Nippon Zeon Nisshin Kagaku
195?
Kureha Kasai Shineteu Kag
I960
Denki Kagaku Kanegafuchi Kag
1964 Chisso Corp
1966 Tokuyama Seksui
1967
Sar. Arrow Kagak Sumitomo Kag
1966
Ryo-Nichi Shinetsu Kag
o.
EB!^3ra
LOCATION
Minamata Osaka Sakata
Nagoya
Xokkaichi Klkumoto
Shibukawa Kambara Tckushima
Uozu
Takoaka Takeo
Nishiki Naoetsu
Ohmi Takasago
Chiba
Tokuyama
Tokuyama Chiba
Mizushima Tokuyama
START-DP 1977 CAPACITY CAPACITY
AS CASE
1.0 60.0 1.0 25.0 1.0 .0
2.0 66.0 01
1.0 1.0
1.0
3.0
1.0
. i.o
7.0 5.0
6.0 5.0
12.0 6.0
6.0
108.0 92.0
75.0 .0
58.0
56.0
94.0 20.0
138.0 .0
75.0 97.0
29.0
24.0
49.0
34.0 17.0
64.0 57.0
' 24.0 i 96.0
24.0
30.0
o
1st EXPOSURE
CAPACITY IN YEAR OF FIRST EXPOSURE (Kt)
ED r 53?
2 or 4
*! r'
R&S 113824
R&S H**6
v 't.
. ' E , " 1f-a "
/`L '
;
--
!
V -I'.-;,' f ;-A
.
j
START-UP TEAR
COMPANY NAME
1970
Chisso Corp Denki Kagaku Kanegafuchi Kag Kawasaki Yuki Mitsui Toatsu Nissan Kagaku Shinetsu Kag
1971 1973 197*
Tekkosha Asahi Class Toyo Soda
1975
Central Kagaku Toyo Soda
1977 ! Unknown
LOCATION
Mizushima Goi (Chiba) Kashina Kawasaki Sakai Chiba Kashima
Yokkaichi
Uayatsuki
Sakata Yokkaishi
Kawasaki Yokkaichi
Kashima
START-UP 1977 CAPACITY CAPACITY
30.0 36.0 50.0 30.0 40.0 25.0 150.0
30.0 38.0 57.0 34.0 51.0 25.0 210.0
36.0
.0
24.0
27.0
18.0 24.0
18.0 38.0
24.0 46.0
24.0 46.0
120.0
120.0
AS CASE
Page_2
1st EXPOSURE
CAPACITY IN YEAR OP FIRST EXPOSURE (Kt)
j
| Imperial Chemical Industries Limited I Plastics Division
Bessemer Road ! Welwyn Carden City j Hertfordshire
JS/MK 12 10 7?
tL
i '
V'
