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Report on the October, 1969, Survey of Choccolocco Creek and Tributaries: Fishes and Water Quality . By: Dr. Royal D. Suttkus Biological Consultant Dr. Gerald E. C-unning Biological Consultant DSW 105067 STLCOPCB4022634 I. INTRODUCTION The present survey includes a series of samples taken on Choccolocco Creek and its tributaries during October, 1969Stations utilized are indicated on the maps appended to this report. The objectives of the survey were: (1) to obtain Fall samples of the various fish species, (2) to enhance our general knowledge rele vant to the total fish fauna of the system, (3) to determine water quality during the Fall at our regular stations utilized for past surveys, (4) to study the bottom types, depth and bank configurations of the stream, and (5) to obtain fresh samples of fishes, other . vertebrates and invertebrates upon which Monsanto Company personnel may perform residue analyses. DSW 105068 STLCOPCB4022635 2 r-i H. METHODS ' f- The methods utilized for water quality work and the collection of fishes are the same ones employed in previous surveys with two exceptions. Turbidity and color analyses were made using a Hach Chemical Company direct-reading colorimeter. Turbidity is measured in Jackson Turbidity Units (J. T. U.) using this instrument and color is measured in "apparent color units. " DSw 105069 STLCOPCB4022636 3 m. WATER QUALITY The usual ten (10) water quality stations were utilized as follows (see maps): (1) Highway 78 bridge above Anniston (2) Boiling Springs above treatment plant m? (3) Bridge below treatment plant c-i*. (4) Highway 21 bridge ri- (5) Highway 109 bridge crossing (6) Highway 93 bridge crossing (7) Highway 77 bridge crossing (8) Stemley bridge (9) Dry Creek below Coldwater Spring, Highway 78, and - (10) Snow Creek at Highway 78 bridge Water temperature in Choccolocco Creek, stations 1-7, ranged from 66-67 F; at Stemley Bridge the water temperature was 71 F (see table). At stations 9 and 10 in the tributaries the water temperature range was 65-66F. All of these temperatures are within the normal range to be expected at this time of the year. Hydrogen-ion concentration ranged from 6. 6 to 6. 9. The pH value for'station 10, Snow Creek, is listed as "Interference" in the table since pH determinations were made in the field using the colorimeter. DSW 105070 STLCOPCB4022637 4 A sample of water was returned to the laboratory and checked with a Beckman pH meter; the result was 5. 9. We cannot be certain that this pH value is truly representative of conditions in Snow Creek on October 15, 1969, since pH may change in water samples after a few days' time has elapsed. Dissolved oxygen levels were quite satisfactory at all stations in terms of generally accepted water quality standards except at station 4 in Choccolocco Creek at the Highway 21 bridge station. The depression in dissolved oxygen level to 4. 3 mg/1 (see table) is surely due to sewage from the treatment plant and is not unexpected. The high total acidity (free CO^) value for Snow Creek (see table) would prevent fishes from occurring there. Fishes cannot tolerate total acidity values much in excess of 20-25 ng/1. The total acidity value of 26 mg/1 at station 3 is, of course, a reflection of the situation at station 10, as is the value of 13 mg/1 at station 4. The decrease in total acidity in Choccolocco Creek as the water passes downstream is due, of course, to dilution by a larger volume of water in the mainstream. The alkalinity values (see table) are of no particular biological signi ficance. Suffice it to say that the values are high enough to permit a reasonable production rate for the plankton organisms present in Choccolocco Creek. DSW 105071 STLCOPCB4022638 5 Turbidity was quite low, in the vicinity of 10-15 Jackso,n Turbidity Units for the most part- The high determination at station 3 represents the effect of the high color of the water coming in from Snow Creek (see table) - - The high color reading for Snow Creek probably resulted from . unusual conditions that prevailed temporarily as a result of the strike and consequent shutdown of Monsanto Company. Regulatory agencies would have found a value in excess of 500 color units for Snow Creek to be unusually excessive. However, this was obviously a temporary situation, since the brilliant yellow-green color that prevailed in Snow Creek on October 15, 1969, was not at all evident on October 17, 1969, when the tributary was re-examined in this regard. In biological terms, the only water quality characteristic that would clearly be a limiting factor for fishes would be extremely high total acidity values for Snow Creek. DSW 105072 STLCOPCB4022639 Monsanto Chemical Company Choccolocco Creek Survey October 14-17, 1969 Water collected "Wednesday, October 15, 1969 Int: Interference negated results 6 Table 1. Water Quality Analyses STATIONS Water temperature PH Dissolved oxygen mg/I Acidity mg/1 ' Alkalinity mg/1 Turbidity J. T. U. Color = color units (apparent) 1 66 6.8 6. 4 5 73 15 42 23 66 67 6.8 6.6 6.1 Int 5 26 72 99 12 83 37 380 4 66 6.7 4.3 13 93 23 60 5 66 6.9 6. 5 7 92 11 20 STATIONS Water temperature pH Dissolved oxygen mg/I Acidity mg/1 Alkalinity mg/1 Turbidity J. T. U. Color = color units (apparent) 6 66 6.9 6.3 5 91 10 15 7 67 6.9 6. 2 5 105 10 15 89 71 6.8 5.1 ! : 4 65 18 32 65 6.9 7.6 3 106 4 10 10 66 Int. Int. 260 92 Int. >500* ^Estimate Ca. 1500 DSW 105073 STLCOPCB4022640 7 IV. Fishes A. Fish collections for Choccolocco Creek proper The locations of the collecting sites are described in Table 2 and indicated on Fish Station Maps 1 and 2. A collection could not be made at station #9 site because the reservoir was backed-up and had the entire collecting area flooded. Although this one site was omitted two new sites were sampled. The upstream site, designated as station =4-A, is at the covered bridge crossing 6. 6 miles southeast of Oxford. This is an important addition because it is closer, on the upstream side, to the outfall area at Oxford than station #4 at Hwy 78 crossing. Perhaps with some additional scouting in the stretch between station #4-A and the outfall we may be able to get even closer. However, we believe that the habitats at both site #4-A and #4 are similar to those that formerly existed at the outfall area. The other additional collecting site, #8-A, is at Jackson Shoals. We were somewhat disappointed because we expected more variety and more individuals than what we obtained. (Table 3). Jackson Shoals has the general physical appearances of a rich environment but was poor on yield by our sampling methods. A total of 3, 787 specimens was obtained from the eleven, stations in comparison to 5, 025 specimens for ten stations during our January, 1969 survey. Note the paucity of species and specimens at stations #5 DSb 103074 STLCOPCB4022641 8 and #6. Actually the sample for station #5 was taken from two '* isolated pools and is not representative of the population in flowing part of stream. Repeated attempts in the stream itself yielded nothing, no fishes and no invertebrates.' Obviously some of the forms that we collected from the isolated pools were ones that had moved into the area during high water and then became stranded when the stream receded. There is a progressive trend of recovery as evidenced by samples from stations #6 through =8. The eleven stations yielded a total of 50 species versus 48 species during the January, 1969 survey (Tables 3 and 4). Catches were similar for most sites but one exception was at station =4 (Hwy 78 crossing). During this survey we were able to sample a riffle downstream from our past collecting area. This riffle yielded several additional species that we had not recorded from the station during former surveys. We added one more tributary collecting site, tributary station #2-A. This collecting site is located on the lower part of Shoal Creek, just a few miles above its junction with Choccolocco Creek. This site yielded the greatest number of species (25) of any tributary collection (Table 5). With additional surveys and additional collections from new sites we will be able to graph the productivity trends for the relatively unaltered portion of the Choccolocco system and also for the altered or polluted part. Our data expressed in terms of number of species and specimens in our samples are indices and not actual productivity figures. SW 105075 STLCOPCB4022642 9 Table 2. List of Fish Collection Stations Station Number Mainstream 1 Z 3 4 4-A .5 6 7 8 8-A 9 10 - Tributaries 1 2 2-A 3 4 5 Location Three miles NE of White Plains . One mile E of White Plains One mile S of White Plains Highway 78 crossing 6. 6 miles SE of Oxford Highway 21 crossing Highway 109 crossing Highway 95 crossing Highway 93 crossing . Jackson Shoals Not sampled - flooded ' Highway 77 crossing ' . Shoal Creek at Shoal Creek Ford Camp Shoal Creek at Pine Glen Camp Shoal Creek 4.1 miles E of White Plains Coldwater Spring Creek just below spring Dry Creek at Highway 78 crossing Cheaha Creek at Highway 95 crossing OSW 105076 STLCOPCB4022643 Table 3. Number of fishes collected from Choccolocco Creek t eleven stations in Cleburne, Calhoun and Talladega counties, Alabama, during October 1969. Orally and Species ' Petromyzontiduo- LamproyB Ichthyomyzon gagei Lampetra aepyptera Clupeidae-Her rings Dorosoma cepcdianum Esocidae-Plkes Esox niger Catos tomidae-Suckers Ilypentolium etowanum Mlnytrema melanops Moxostorna ducjuesnci MoxotHoma erythrurum Cyprinldae-Minnows Campostoma anomalum Carassius auratus Cyprinus carpio Notemigonus crysoleucas Notropis asperifrons Notropis caaruleus Notropis callistius Notropis chrosomus Notropis chrysocephalus Notropis lirus Notropis stelbius Notropis trichroistius o Notropis venustus Notropis volucellus Notropis xaenocephalus t- Phenacobius catostomus S Pimephales promelas 2 Pimephales vigilax Semotilus atromaculatus Common Nmnn Southern Brook Lainpvoy Least Brook Lamprey Gizzard Shad Chain Pickerel Alabama IToguuckor Spotted Suckur Black Redhorse Golden Redhorse 1 Stoneroller Goldfish Carp Golden Shiner Burrhead Shiner Blue Shiner Alabama Shiner Rainbow Shiner Common Shiner Mountain Shiner Silverstripe Shiner Tricolor Shiner Blacktall Shiner Mimic Shiner Coosa Shiner Riffle Minnow Fathead Minnow Bullhead Minnow Croak Chub 4-A 32 21 1 22 1 11 32 12 1 2 27 14 1 31 11 10 39 3 5 49 4 9 1 25 1 15 7 55 10 86 39 1 2 1 13 37 6 416 189 148 1 85 5 7 92 62 21 2 3 1 1 3 3 10 18 6 4 43 o STLCOPCB4022644 STLCOPCB4022645 Family and SpecieB (continued) Ictaluridae-Catfiahes Ictalurus matalia Ictalurua punctatus Noturue leptacanthus Cyprinodontidae-Topminnows Fundulua Btellifer Poeciliidae-Livebearera Gambusia affinis . Centrarchidae-Sunfiahes Ambloplites rupestria Chaenobryttus guloaus Lepomis cyanellus Lepomis humilis Lepomis macrochirus Lepomifl megalotia Lepomis microlophua Microptorufl cooBao Micropterue punctulatua Micropterus aalmoides Pomoxis nigromaculatua Pcrcidae- Per chea Ethooatoma coosao Etheoatoma jordani Etheostonm atlgmamim Percina cuprodes Percina nigrofasciata Percina palmaria Cattidae-Sculpins Cottua carolinae Number of Specimens o in s: o ui o OD Common Name (continued) Yellow Dullhoad Channel Catfish Speckled Mad tom Southern Studfleh . Mosquitofish Rockbaas Warmouth Green Sunfiah Orangeapotted Sunfiah Bluegill Longear Sunfiah Redear Sunfiah Redeye ]3aee Spotted Baa a Largemouth Baas Black Crappio Cooaa Darter Groenbroaat Darter Speckled, Dm:Lor Logperch Blackbanded Darter Bronze Darter Banded Sculpin 1 2 3 4 4-A 1 71 3 6 4 63 21 41 21 5 2 2 13 10 4 ,1 54 63 19 5 1 14 22 61 21 31 11 7 1 8 1 11 1 1 2 51 1 8 91 553 5 8 15 1 29 17 11 845 323 402 410 12 5 195 197 'V' Table 3 (continued) Family and Species____________ Common Name Petromys on tklae- Lampreys Ichthyoimyzon gagei Southern Brook .Lamprey 1 Lampetra aepyptera Least Brook Lamprey Clupeidae-Herrings Doroeoma cepedianum Gizzard Shad Esocidae-Pikes ' Esox niger Chain Pickerel Catoetomidae-Suckers Hypentelium etowanum Alabama Hogsucker Minytrema melanops Spotted Sucker Moxostoma duquesanei Black Redhorse Moxootoma crythrurum Golden Redhorse Cyprinidae-Minnows Campos toma anomalum Stoneroller Cai'ussius uurutus Goldfish Cyprinus carpio Carp Notemigonus crysoleucas Golden Shiner Notropis aspcrifrons Burrhoad Shiner Notropis caeruleus Blue Shiner . Notropis callistius Alabama Shiner , Notropis chrosomuB Rainbow Shiner Notropis chrysocephalus Common Shiner Notropis lirus Mountain Shiner Notropis stelbius Silvers tripe Shiner Notropis trichroistius Tricolor Shiner Notropis venustus Blacktail Shiner Notropis volucellus Notropis xaenocophalus . Phenacobius catostomus o Mimic Shiner I/O a: Coosa Shiner : Riffle Minnow Pimephales promelas Pimephales vlgllax Semotilus atromaculatus Ictaluridae-Catfishes Fathead Minnow t> un Bullhead Minnow o *0 Creek Chub ) Ictalurus matalis Yellow bullhead Ictalurus punctatus Channel catfish ` Noturus leptacanthus Speckled Madtom 6 1 3 1 7 7 8 8-A . 10 1 5 13 1 1 16 6 59 249 2 14 7 2 2 8 1 3 10 8 51 148 4' 5 1 23 22 1 2 1 10 2 1 1 1 7 46 STLCOPCB4022646 :? Family and Species (continued) Cyprinodontidae-Topminnows Fundulus stellifer Poeciliidae-Livcbearers CnmbuHia uffinis Central* chi da e-Sunfis hes Ambloplites rupestris Chaenobryttus gulosus Lepomis cyanellus Lepomis humilis Lepomis macrochirus Lepomis megalotis Lepomis microlophus Microptorus coosae Micropterus punctulatus Micropterus oalmoides Pomoxis nigromaculatue Per cidae-Perches Etheostoma coosae Etheostoma jordani Etheostoma stigmaeum Pereina caprodes Porcinu nigrofasciata Pereina palmaris CaUldae-Sculpins Cottus carolinae Number of Specimens TOTAL - 3787 o 00 "S. r* O O' o CO o Common Name (continued) Southern Studfish MoBcjultoflsh Rockbasu War mouth Green Sunfish Orangespotted Sunfish Bluegill Longear Sunfish Redear Sunfish Redeye Bass Spotted Bass Largemouth Bass Black Crappie Coosa Darter Greenbreast Darter Speckled Dartor Logporch Blackbandod Darter Bronz-o Dartor Banded Sculpin :: 6 7 8 8-. 25 64 4 1 1 821 1 74 2 1 1 1 1 1 47 1 24 5 37 427 349 140 10 97 115 1 10 236 11 2 530 STLCOPCB4022647 Table 4. FiBhes collected from Choccolocco Creek at eleven atations In Cleburne, Calhoun and Talladega counties, Alabama, during October 19&9. Speciea______________________________ Ichthomyzon gagei Lampetra aepyptera Doroaoma copedianum Esox niger Hypentelium etowanum Minytrema melanopa Moxostoma duqueenei Moxostoma erythryrum Campoatoma anomalum Caraaaiua auratua Cyprinua carpio Notemigonua cryaoloucae Notroplw n,w par I f ran a Notropia caeruleua Notropia calliatiua Notropia chrosomua Notropia chrysocephalua Notropia lirua Notropia stilbiua Notropia trichrolatius Notropia venuatua Notropia volucellus Notropia xaenocephalua Phenacobiua catoatomua Pimephalea promelaa Plmephalea vigilax Semotilus atromaculatua Ictalurus natalis Ictalurus punctatus Noturua leptacanthua Fundulua stellifer Gambuflia affinia Ambloplitea rupeatrla Chaenobryttua guloaua Lepomis cyanellua ^ * 1 o o ___________________________________________ 1 Southern Brook Lamprey Least Brook Lamprey Gizzard Shad Chain Pickerel Alabama Hogsucker Spotted Suckor Black Redhorae Golden Redhorae Stoneroller Goidfiah Carp Golden Shiner Bur rlinml Shlnor Blue Shiner Alabama Shiner Rainbow Shiner Common Shiner Mountain Shiner Silver a tripe Shiner Tricolor Shiner Blacktail Shiner Mimic Shiner Cooaa Shiner Riffle Minnow Fathead Minnow Bullhead Minnow Creek Chub Yellow Bullhead Channel Catfish Speckled Madtom Southern Sludfiah Mob cjui tofluh Uockbaa a Warmouth Green Sunfish X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 2_______ 3________ 4 XX XX X XX XX X XX X X X X X 4-A X X X x X 5 X XX XXX X X XX X XX X X X XX X X XX X X XX X XXX X X .X X X X X X X X' XX X XX X tv STLCOPCB4022648 Speclea (continued)______ Lepomia humilia Lepomis macrochirus Lepomiu megalotia Lepomla mlcrolophua Micropterua cooaae Micropterus punctulatua Micropterua salnioides Pomoxis nigromaculatua Etheoatoma cooaae Etheoatoma jordani Etheoatoma atigmaeum Percina caprodea Percina nigrofasciata Percina palmaria Cottua carolinae Number of Specica Number of Familiea Orangeapotted Sunfish Bluegill Eongear Sunflah Redear Sunflah Redeye Baaa Spotted Baaa Largemouth Base Black Crappie Coosa Darter Groonbrenut Darter Speckled Darter Logporch Blackbanded Darter Bronze Darter Banded Sculpin 1 2 3 4 4-. X X X XX XXXX X X XX X X XX X X X XX X X X XX X X X XX X X X XX X X X X XX 25 26 29 28 18 7 8 8 79 STLCOPCB4022649 D in SE O un O 00 IV STLCOPCB4022650 Table 4 (continued) Species Ichthomyzon gagei Lampetra aopyptora Dorosoma cepedianum Ebox niger Mypentelium ctowamim Minytrema melanops. Moxostoma duquesnei Moxostoma erythryrum Campstoma anotnalum Carassius auratus Cyprinus carpio Notemigonus crysoleucas Notropis asperifrons Notropis caerulous Notropis culUstiws Notropis chrosomus Notropis chrysocephalus Notropis lirus Notropis stilbius Notropis trichroistius Notropis venustus Notropis volucellua Notropis xaenoccphalus Phenacobius catostomus Pimephaloo promelus Pimephales vigilax Scmotilus atromaculatus Ictalurus natalis Ictalurus punctatus Noturus leptacanthus Fundulus stellifer Gambusia affinis Ambloplitos rupeetris Chaenobryttus gulosus Lepomis cyanellus o s: b Ul o I : Southern Brook Lamprey Loant Brpok Lnmproy Gizzard Shad Chain Pidkorel Alabnma Hogsuclcer Spotted Sucker Black Redhorse Golden Redhorse Stonerollei: Goldfish Carp Golden Shiner Burrhead Shiner Blue Shiner Alabama Shlnnr Rainbow Shiner Common Shiner Mountain Shiner Silverstripe Shiner Tricolor Shiner Blacktail Shiner Mimic Shiner Coosa Shiner Riffle Minnow Fathnud Minnow Bullhead Minnow Creek Chub Yellow Bullhead Channel Catfish Speckled Madtom Southern Studfish Mosquitofish Rockbasu Warmouth Green Sunfish ' 6 X X X X X 78 X X XX X X X XX X XX XX X XX XX X X X X XX X X .x 8-A lb X X X X X X X XX XX X X XX XX Species (continued)_______ Lepomie humilis Lcpomis macrochirus Lopomi* mogalotln Lepamis micralophus Micropterus coosae Micropterus punctulatus Micropterus salmoiclas Pomoxia nigromaculatus Ethcostoma coosac Etheostoma jordani Etheostoma atigmaeum Percina caprodes Percina nigrofaeciata Percina palmaris Coitus carolinao Number of Species Number of Families Orangespotted Sunfish Bluegill > ' Lon gear Sunfish Redcar Suflsh Redeye Bass Spotted Bass Largemouth Bass Black Crappie Coosa Darter Greenbreast Darter Speckled Darter Logperch Blaclcbandod Darter Bronxo Darter Banded Sculpin 6 7 8 8-A 10 X XX XX XX X X X X X XX X X 5 14 , 20 15 24 74 13 5 o I/O , s: to H t--1 1" o oO ut o oo CD 00 o Is) is) ; o> : Ol W LI Table 5. Number of fishes collected from tributaries to Choccolocco Creek in Cleburne, Calhoun and Talladega counties, Alabama, during October 1969. Family and Species_______________________ Common Name Clupeldae-Herrings Dorosoma cepedlanum Esocidae-Pikcs Esox nigcr , Catos tomidae-Suckers Hypentelium etowanum Moxostoma duquosnel Cypr inidae-Minnows Campos toma anomalum Notropis asperifrons . Notropis caeruleus Notropis callistius NotropiB chrosomus Notropis chrysocephalus Notropis lirus Notropis stilbius Notropis trichroistius Notropis voluccllua Notropis xaenocephalus Phenacobius catostomus Semotilus atromaculatus Ictaluridae-Catfishes Ictalurus natalis Cyprinodontidae-Topminnowe FunduluB stollifor Poociliidae- L/ivebaarors Gambusia affinis Centrarchidae-Sunfishes Ambloplites rupestris Chaenobryttus gulosus Lcpomis cyanellus Lepomis macrochirua Eepomle mogalotls Micropterus coosae Percidae-Perches Ethooatoma sp. nov. o GO s: o g Gissssard Shad Chain Pickerel Alabama Hogaucker Black Rouhorso Stonerolldr Burr head'Shiner Blue Shiner Alabama Shiner Rainbow Shiner Common Shiner Mountain Shiner Silveratripe Shiner Tricolor Shinor Mimic Shiner Coosa Shiner Riffle Minnow Crook Chub Yellow Bullhead Southern Studflsh Mosquitofiah Rockbass Warmouth Green Sunfish Bluegill Eongour Sunfish Redeye Baas , 1 2 2-A 3__________ 4 7 37 1 33 2 31 51 ' 83 7 87 266 251 93 22 41 3 4 98 4 1 1 5 213 3 91 16 1 1 2 5 1 15 93 1 4 3 10 5 22 1 11 14 11 8 1 26 3 2 44 7 5 15 4 6 64 1 40 5 2 '2 4 4 -4 rr . Table 5 (continued) i Family and Species Common Name Ethcostoma coosae Etheoatoma ditrema Etheoatoma jordani Etheoatoma stigmaeum Percina nigrofaeciata Percina palmaria , Cottidae-Sculpina Cottua carolinao Cottua pygmaea Coosa Darter Coldwater Darter Greenbroaao Darter Speckled barter Blackbanclcd Darter Bronze Darter Banded Sculpin Pygmy Sculpin Number of Specimena TOTAL - 2261 1 2 2-A 3 12 1 4 4 5 7 76 8 13 6 18 17 7 8 20 77 466 625 735 96 6 8 3 8 22 77 45 294 STLCOPCB4022653 CJ C/) 5 C o oc O' 03 19 VI. Discussion '* Our past surveys and the observations recorded above continue to support our views as presented in the previous report; the Chocco- -locco immediately below the Anniston Sewage Treatment Plant has been and is being affected by pollutants. Repeated attempts to collect in flowing channel of Choccolocco Creek at Hwy 21 yielded no fishes and no macroinvertebrates. The relatively few animals taken were existing in isolated pools. We found additional deformed fishes particularly at Hwy 95 crossing. However, reproduction had occurred in a number of forms because we took many juvenile and young of the year specimens. As in our previous report we strongly recommend at ieast one additional survey during March or April or perhaps as late as May being that our first survey (May) was during unusual high water conditions. The main purpose would be to obtain samples from the nearby tributaries of the Coosa (Logan Martin Lake). We need these samples (as explained previously) for comparative purposes and to determine if Choccolocco Creek is the focal site for the fish deformities. By comparative we mean a determination of the gradient of fish species occurring between the headwaters and the reservoir. During this survey we would continue to sample at the regular stations in Choccolocco Creek and in its tributaries. 0SW 10503? STLCOPCB4022654 20 To obtain comparable samples from the nearby tributaries would require about an equal amount of time as it takes for our regular survey, thus about eight days would be needed for the entire combined survey. Of course a repeat of the combined survey in June or July would be highly desirable. DSW 105088 STLCOPCB4022655 VICINITY MAP CHOCCOLOCCO CREEK \jj<d-e.p Qw> /o*S #/ - #/o, STLCOPCB4022656 ; STLCOPCB4022657 5AJOM/ CEi DSW 1.05091 STLCOPCB4022658