Document O13Lq8NLMweMEVE6xDNND31op

PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT Gypsum Plaster and Building Lime GP003 P010 10 4 <n 73 o Ul o 'cement PIASTER >4 I Cement plaster Neat gypsum plaster requiring the addition of an aggregate and water on the job. Use only where good plastering sand, or other good aggregate is available. RED TOP Cement Plaster is lowest in cost of the four types of gypsum basecoats described on this page. It is mixed with low cost aggregate, increasing bulk and coverage. Red Top Cement Plaster requires the addition of an aggregate proportioned strictly according to speci fications. Use of too much aggregate drastically re duces finished plaster strength. See data, page 12. Wood fiber plaster Mill-prepared gypsum basecoat plaster confaii finely shredded selected wood fiber for use wt extra strength is desired. Requires the a dditior water only on the job. The strongest of the four types of based-.- .: .asl has greater compressive and tensile strength, grei resistance to lateral impact, greater surface hardc greater resistance to cracking. Also provide-? fi 30% to 130% greater fire resistance than sane plaster and is about 25% lighter in dead load.greater coverage and workability, up to one p sand may be added in mixing, although strength c fire resistance are then somewhat reduced,, PIASTER twin *** Sanded plaster Sanded at the mill to insure correct grodotion and proper proportioning of sand. Red Top Sanded Plas ter is manufactured for use in areas where good plas tering sand is costly or not available. Ready to use--requires addition of water only on the job. Better than most job-sanded plasters because only selected aggregate, properly proportioned, is used. Bondcrete plaster Factory prepared gypsum basecoat plaster specie^ formulated to bond with rough inferior monolithic c Crete surfaces. Requires addition of water only on ft job. Total thickness of plaster, including finish coat, n< to exceed Vs" on concrete ceilings, Vi" on *a|ls. Apply only on concrete surfaces properly prepare for plastering and free from oil from form board Full directions are printed on the bag. , J J Basecoats 11 The leadership enjoyed by USG Red Top gypsum plas ters is the result of the most extensive scientific re search program in the industry, plus superior manu facturing and marketing facilities. As a result ofU.S.G.'s research and development work, plasterers and contractors expect today's plaster prod ucts to be uniform, plastic and fireproof; they must be free spreading, easily mixed by hand or machine, and must provide high coverage while setting dependably to maximum hardness and high.tensile strength. Red Top gypsum plasters fully meet all these require ments. The complete Red Top line offers a USG prod uct for even' plastering need. Each product more than meets applicable standard specifications. Basecoat plasters Gypsum basecoat plasters are applied to bases of masonry or lath and support the finish coat. The United States Gypsum Company is continuing to improve these important products. New materials are tested in laboratories and in the field before being offered. Tests are made at all stages of manufacture and on finished products in warehouse stock. Special grinding equip ment has been devised to produce super-fine, easily mixed plasters having increased slip under the trowel. There are four distinct USG basecoat plasters--each designed for a specific use--each best on the market for its specific purpose. Packed in convenient 100 lb. multi-wall paper bags. When in doubt read the instructions on the bag Red Top plasters will give the most satisfactory results when instructions are carefully followed. Observe the directions on the bags, or consult the specifications in U.S.G. technical literature. Red Top plasters are for interior use and should not be used on the exterior where exposed to the elements. Tlicv should not be used where contact with excessive moisture is expected, whether on the exteriororintcrior. Onlv Red Top Bondcrete (see page 10), or Red Top Cover-Coat Finishing Plaster (see page 17). should be applied over concrete. Special care should be taken in preparing the bonding surface in accordance with directions printed on the bag. Gvpsum basecoat plasters are not recommended for application over surfaces that have been treated with asphalt or other bituminous compounds, nor for appli cation directly over interior surlaces ol exterior ma sonry walls. The widespread usage of Red Top plasters can be attributed priricipally to these outstanding features: Made from the mineral gypsum, RED TOP plasters are incombustible, will not transmit high temperatures until com pletely calcined; actually fight fire. RED TOP Basecoat plasters bond firmly to approved plaster bases and are spedally processed to receive any type of finish coat in common use. Plastic, they permit wide latitude in design of either plain or curved surfaces. Manufactured on a nationwide basis in 23 modern mills, RED TOP plasters are held to rigid specifications. Their setting time is stabilized to minimize the hazards of impure additives, unexpected job con ditions and seasonal irregularities. III! RED TOP plasters are made to withstand normal usage for the life of the building. (Compressive and tensile strength data Page 13.) Processed to give high coverage with minimum effort, RED TOP plasters, by their easy working qualities and addi tional bulk, assure good work at low cost for both material and labor. A \ 'i # < i O e o Ul e tsa 12 ADMIXTURES TO PLASTER For ideal strength and hardness, the proper proportion of aggregat to plaster must be used Illustrations show reduced hardness with increasing proportion of sand. C5 ^ o Recommended proportions of gypsum cement plaster to sand by weight and approximate covering capacity at recommended grounds Gypsum Plaster Base: Lath Insulation Lath Metal Lath Brick-Clay Gypsum Tile Tile Two Coot Work Scratch Doubleback Plaster 1:2'/j 1:2 'A -- 1:3 1:3 Three Coat Work Scrotch Coat Plaster 1:2 1:2 1:2 Brown Coot Ploster 1:3 1:3 1:3 -- -- Coverage Range Sq. Yds. Per Ton 175-220 175-220 90-125 175-200 200-240 u> Water All gypsum plasters require the addition of water the jol>. As a general rule any water tit to drink is s able for mixing plaster. Sand Xeat or gypsum cement plaster is designed to mixed with an aggregate on the job. Sand is the m commonly used plaster aggregate because it is e< ndmical and generally available. Proper proportioning and gradation of sand are me important in determining bulk and workin" qualit; of plaster, and the ultimate qualitv of the finished wa Over-sanding or the use of an excessive amount fine sand, eacii reduce the strength and hardness gvpsum plasters. The American Society for Testing Materials in AST. Designation C.jo-39 has established the followin': spec ficatinns which are regarded as standard for the propi gradation of irood plastering sand: Size of Sieve No. 4 (4760-micron) No. 8 (2380-micron) No. 30 (590-micron) No. 50 (297-micron) No. 1 00 0 49*micron) Percentage of Sand Retained Max. Min. 0 10 0 80 15 95 70 . 95 The amount of material finer than a No. 200 (74 micron) sieve shall not exceed 5%. Basecoat 13 Lightweight plaster aggregates The use of lightweight aggregates is growing in many markets. When properly used their light weight, fire resistance, adaptability to winter plastering and ease of handling on the job make them highly desirable. Perlite This is an excellent lightweight plaster aggregate, and is becoming increasingly available. It is a product derived from lava ore which is exploded under heat. When used as a plaster aggregate it must conform with the ASTM Specifications for Plastering Sand and weigh from 73 2 to 15 lbs. per cu. ft. It is generally sold in bags containing 3 or 4 cu. ft., and is mixed on a volume of aggregate to weight of gypsum plaster basis. Perlite has excellent fire-resistance qualities. When mixed with gypsum plaster it provides a plaster strength greater than that with vermiculite and nearly equal to that with sand. Premixed plasters containing the correct propor tions of gypsum plaster and perlite are available in some markets. Vermiculite This aggregate is produced from a non-metailic mineral of the mica family. It is ground and exploded under heat into lightweight granules. As an aggregate for plastering, vermiculite must conform in particle size to ASTM Designation C35-39 for gradation of plaster ing sand, and shall weigh between 7H and 10 lbs. per cubic foot. Vermiculite plaster aggregate is generally sold in bags containing 4 cu. ft. and is mixed with gypsum plaster on a volume of aggregate to weight of plaster basis. Premixed plasters containing the correct pro portions of gypsum plaster and vermiculite are avail able in some markets. Walls plastered with a mix containing vermiculite as an aggregate have lower strength and require a longer period for drying titan walls of sanded plaster, but are lighter in weight and have greater lire resistance. Recommended proportions of lightweight aggregate per 100 lbs. plaster. Gypsum, fiber insulating, or metal lath Masonry bases Scratch Coat Not over 2 cu. ft. Not over 3 cu. ft. Brown Coat Not over 3 cu. ft. Not over 3 cu. ft. Note: In two-coot plaster work over gypsum or fiber Insulating lath not more than 2'A cu. ft. of lightweight aggregote should be used per 100 lbs. gypsum plaster. Masonry surfaces should be moderately wetted to reduce suction. When perlite is used and wetting is impractical, amount of perlite may be increased to not more than 4 cu. ft. Gypsum plaster--strength data Wood Fiber | Cement Plaster: Sand Neat fconiprotiivesstronglh^ lbw ipe*nq%in(typcaktesfcresuits)fc 2600 1:1 2100 1:2 1200 1:3 750 Cement Plaster Vermiculite | Perlite 100 lbs.: 2 cu. ft. 100 lbs.: 3 cu. ft. 1 500 300 100 lbs.: 2 cu. ft. 1000 100 lbs.: 3 cu. ft. 650 440 245 170 120 130 90 165 105 STORAGE, MIXING, APPLICATION Plastering specifications may indicate either two-coat or three-coat work. Two-coat work consists of one base coat and one finish coat, and it is generally used over a masonry plaster base and often over gypsum or insulation lath. In three-coat work there are two separate base coats and a finish coat; three-coat work is required over metal lath. The first coat is known as the "scratch" coat and the second coat as the "brown" coat. Two-Coot Work Where base coats are applied by either the "single coat" or "scratch-double-back", the overall plastering operation is termed two-coat work. The basecoat plaster is applied to slightly less than the thickness of the grounds and rodded and darbied to a true, even surface left rough enough to take the finish coat. Three-Coat Work The scratch coat is sanded 2 parts of sand to 1 part of plaster by weight (for vermiculite or perlite, proportion by volume of aggregate to weight of plaster). It is applied to a thickness of approximately Vi' over the face of the lath and then cross-raked before it sets to provide a mechanical key for the brown coat. The brown coat is sanded 3 parts of aggregate to 1 part of plaster, and is applied directly to the set scratch coat. The brown coat is used to fill out to [ust slightly below the grounds and is rodded and darbied to a true, even surface. It is left rough enough to receive the finish coat. e o U) o <~r- Basecoat 15 How to use Basecoat plaster Red Top plasters are the best that research and efficient production methods can provide. Nevertheless, to as sure best results care and skill should be exercised in handling and application. U.S.G. provides detailed di rections and complete specifications for proper use of each of its plastering products. Compliance with Stand ard Specifications for Gypsum Plastering of the Ameri can Standards Association is recommended. Warehousing Store plaster in a dry, well ventilated warehouse. Ro tate stocks by shipping oldest material first. Red Top plasters are mixed for use in the same season shipment is made fr>m the mill. Delivering Protect plaster bags from moisture, both in transit and stocking on jobs. Wet bags cause trouble. Mixing In hand mixing, determine proper proportion of aggre- , gate to be used (if aggregate is required), and place accregate and plaster in one end of box. Hoe dry from one end to the other, working aggregate and plaster to gether until thoroughly blended. Then add water and hoe plaster into the water, mixing thoroughly to proper mortar consistency. In machine mixing, put in water, then half the re quired amount of aggregate, then dry plaster, then balance of aggregate. Mix to desired consistency. Never mix plaster in dirty mixing boxes or machines. Do not prolong mixing bevond time required for uni form intermixture of the components. Keep moisture away from plaster before mixing Use only clean water Use only properly graded aggregate in proper proportions Keep set-up plaster out of the mix Mix no more than can be applied in one hour Do not retemper plaster that has started to set In cold weather provide adequate heat to prevent freezing Prevent plastered walls from drying out until set GP003 0016 Machine mixing of plaster is economical on large jobs 16i ffl HD :o? $ 1| ( . ' GAUGING ; P PIASTER ; | ,m mm >" ,l"`" . ;U3 ;o?i; TROWEL S finish mm .! Available brands, setting times and finishes Brand Set with Lime Putty RED TOP CHAMPION Gauging Plaster (white) RED TOP STAR Gauging Plaster (white) RED TOP Gauging Plaster (gray) RED TOP Gauging Plaster (gray) RED TOP Regular Keenes Cement (white) RED TOP Quick Trowelling Keenes Cement (white! Quick set--10-15 min. Slow set--45-60 min. Slow set--45-60 min. Quick set--10-15 min. 3-6 hours 1-2 hours Brand Type of Finish RED TOP Trowel Finish Plaster RED TOP IMPERIAL Finish Plaster RED TOP Skim Coot Finish Plaster RED TOP Sand Float Finish Plaster smooth smooth smooth sand float All finish plasters ore shipped in 100 lb. multi-wall paper bags. O *5J o o Ul c c Finishing plaster 'J Finish coat plaster completes the architectural design and provides a suitable base for decoration. Finishes are either factory prepared, usually requiring the addi tion of water only, or they may be job mixed, involving a blend of lime putty and gauging plaster or lime putty and Keenes cement. The finish coat is applied to a thickness of hi' to Vs". Several types of finish coat are available, each designed to serve specific requirements. Lime-Gauging Finish Coat consists of hydrated finish lime or finishing quicklime soaked or slaked to putty consistency, and blended in proper proportion with gypsum gauging plaster. For complete description and data on finishing limes, see page 20. Gauging Piaster. The function of gauging plaster in z lime-gauging finish is to provide initial set and strength and hardness to the surface finish. It is ground to the proper fineness to blend readily and completely with the lime putty. To serve various job and market re quirements, USG gauging plasters are produced in 2 setting times and in a choice of gray or white colors. Gauging plasters are used only with finish limes as described on page 20 in the proportion of one part gauging plaster to three parts of lime putty by volume. This is the equivalent of one part gauging plaster to two parts of dry lime by weight. Keenes Cement is a high strength, pure white gyp sum plaster used with finish lime putty for extremelv hard, dense surfaces. Keenes cement provides the strength and the lime putty imparts the necessary plasticity. When mixing, proper proportions must be carefully observed. For "medium hard" finish, mix in the proportion of 50 lbs. of dry hydrated lime (100 lbs. lime putty) to 100 lbs. of Keenes cement. For "hard finish" limit the quantity of lime to 25 lbs. of dry hydrated lime (50 lbs. lime putty) to 100 lbs. of Keenes cement. Gypsum Trowel and Float Finish Plaster. Factory prepared gypsum plasters requiring the addition of water only on the job. These finish plasters have a natural bond to gypsum base coats, develop superior hardness, are non-alkaline, may be decorated safely much sooner than lime putty finishes, and contain nothing injurious to paint or other final decoration. Finishing 17 ORIENTAL Interior Finish Plaster. Integrally colored in a choice of 12 colors at the factory, this finish plaster requires the addition of water only. It has a natural bond to gypsum basecoat plaster, may be finely floated or textured ami requires no further decoration. Colors: Whit# Sohoro Creom ivory Tusk Ivory Horvest Buff Parchment Golden Buff Mist Gray Caenstone Shell Pink Desert Rose Cool Green For coverage see data below, ORIENTAL Exterior Stucco Finish. Exterior stucco finish in eleven pastel colors ami white. It is uniformlv pre-mixed. water-resistive, non-staining, easy to applv. and enduring. Eliminates much of the uncertainty in herent in a job-mixed stucco finish. Uniformity of ag gregate and color standards permits matching of colors between batches mixed at different time? and under dilferent conditions. Omental Stucco sets slowly to facilitate proper finishing, minimizing unsightly streaks and shading. Will produce either period textures or smooth trowel, stipple sponge, rough coat or spatterdash finishes. Finish plaster data Applied over a base coat of portland cement. lime and sand. Coverage approximately 150-200 yds. per ton. Colors: White Sun Tan Pewter Gray Stone Gray Eggshell Ivory Copper Rose Alamo Buff Mission Creom Cascade Green Pueblo Tan Indian Coral Roncho Brown RED TOP COVER COAT Finishing Plaster, unlike all other types of plaster, bonds directly to smooth unpainted concrete surfaces and provides a smooth finish ready for decoration. Because Cover Coat bonds directly to such surtaces. considerable time and ex pense are saved by using Cover Coat instead of other procedures such as surface roughening plus bond plas ter. buffing plus spackling compound, or furring, lath ing and plastering in the conventional manner. Factory prepared, Red Top Cover Coat requires the addition of water only on the job. It is applied in two thin coats to a total average thickness not exceeding 1 s". Careful adherence to directions on the hag for surface preparation is necessary. Coverage, 300-700 yds. per ton depending on surface. Mix by weight of dry materials: Color Finish Texture Hardness in Kilograms (2) Workability Coverage Gauging Plaster to Lime 1:2 White or Gray (1) Smooth 34 1 1 ton gauging 2 tons lime cover approx. 1000-1400 yds. Quick Trowelling Keenes to lime Gypsum Gypsum Trowel Finish Float Finish ORIENTAL Finish 2:1, Medium Hard White 4:1, Hard White NEAT White NEAT NEAT White or Gray 1 2 Colors Smooth Smooth Smooth Float Floot 50 70 55 (See Note 3) (See Note 3) 3 6 25 4 2 tons Keenes 1 ton lime cover approx. 850-1200 yds. 4 tons Keenes 1 ton will 1 ton will 1 ton will 1 ton lime cover cover cover cover approx. approx. approx. approx. 1300-1700 yds. 350-400yds. 250-275 yds. 250*300yds. (1) Gray with "locol'' gauging plaster. (2) Kilograms required to force a 10MM bail .01* into plotter face. (3) These ore hard finishes but the-aggregate in the surface does not permit on indication with this test. GP003 001H '`i Special plasters In addition to its complete line of wall plasters, U.S.G. has perfected and formulated a number of special plasters for other applications. They are recognized as quality leaders in their respective classes because of the carefully controlled scientific processing by which they are made. 3 3 RED TOP Moulding Plaster--used in specialized work such as casting ornamental enrichments or running cornices. The grind is conducive to fine detail. In cast work, moulding plaster is used neat, whereas for run ning cornices a small portion of lime is used. Red Top Moulding Plaster is available in white and local, or grayish colored, grades. j RED TOP Casting Plaster--for moulding done di rectly in the plaster. Results in smoother castings showing excellent detail--ideal for making fine plaques and art statuary. Art Plaster--different from any other class of plaster, being designed especially for casting novelty artware ready for painting. It contains additives to produce sur face hardness in the finished work that minimize paint absorption. Available in white or ivory colors. Dental and Orthopedic Plaster--made from selected gypsum and remarkably free from grit and other foreign elements. Extremelv find grind--exceptional quality. These plasters are very well known under the brand names: White Star Dental Plaster and USG Ortho pedic Plaster. RED TOP Partition Tile Cement--a specially prepared gvpsum cement used with water and sand as a mortar for set tin" interior partitions of gypsum or clav tile and gypsum fircprooiimr and column covering. Red Top Par tition Tile Cement makes an easy working, economical mortar having earlv high strength that provides strong mortar joints for any non-bearing partition tile work. SABINITE acousticc ftiwii finish *cpla1teCh t ; ^'NITEr FLOAT finish ACOUSTICAL PLASTER ` """ ^ I Finishing 19 ilaster absorbs unwanted noise...incombustible...provides wall and ceiling beauty...easily applied SABINITE Trowel Finish (M) SABINITE Float Finish (F) A highly efficient acoustical plaster, prepared to pro duce a continuous surface with exceptional sound ab sorbent qualities. Sound absorption. With countless sound traps, Sabinite Trowel Finish absorbs a high percentage of all noise that strikes its surface. Has a Noise Reduction Co efficient of .60 (see table below). Fire resistance. Basically mineral, it is incombustible. Flexible in use. Like any plaster. Sabinite Trowel Finish is adaptable to any architectural design. Its continuous trowel finished surface lends beauty to any decorative plan. For use on any ceiling area and on sidewalls not subject to contact. High light reflection. Laboratory tests indicate reflec tion of 64% for Sabinite Trowel Finish Oyster White. Easily applied. Sabinite Trowel Finish is applied as a finish coat plaster and requires only the skill of a competent plasterer. Economical. More sound absorption per dollar than most other commonly used acoustical materials. Maintenance. Sabinite Trowel Finish plaster may be cleaned with a good puttv-tvpe wallpaper cleaner or with a vacuum cleaner using hose and brush attachments. Redecoration. Sabinite Trowel Finish may be re decorated with Texolite paint (Standard or Imperial). Apply according to U.S.G. directions. Tests by a nation ally recognized laboratory showed Sabinite Trowel Finish had no loss in noise reduction coefficient after 2 spray coats of Imperial Texolite were applied. Colors. Available in Ovster White. Colonial Cream, Antique Ivory. Spanish Buff and Caenstone. Color samples are available on request. Over existing ceilings. Sabinite Trowel Finish may he applied over most existing surfaces through use of a special asphalt emulsion bonding coat. Refer to U.S.G. representative or to technical literature for data. A highly efficient acoustical plaster used where a float finish is desired. Sound absorption. Noise Reduction Coefficient of .55 (see table below). Fire resistance. Basically mineral, it is incombustible. High light reflection. Laboratory tests indicate reflec tion of 54% for Sabinite Float Finish Oyster White. Flexible in use. Similar to Sabinite Trowel Finish, Sabinite Float Finish is economical, easily applied. Maintenance. Sabinite Float Finish plaster may be cleaned with a vacuum cleaner using hose and brush attachments. Redecoration. Sabinite Float Finish maybe redecorated with Texolite paint (Standard or Imperial). Apply ac cording to directions. See statement under Sabinite Trowel Finish for results of redecoration tests. Colors. Available in same colors as Sabinite Trowel Finish. SABINITE 38 A float finish acoustical plaster specially prepared for sound conditioning in locations subjected to high moisture conditions, such as ceilings in shower rooms, ceilings and sidewalls in swimming pools, etc. Sound absorption. Noise Reduction Coefficient of .50 (see table below). Fire resistance. Basically mineral, it is incombustible. Maintenance. Sabinite 38 plaster may be cleaned with a vacuum cleaner using hose and brush attachments. Redecoration. It may be painted with Texolite Impe rial paint applied according to U.S.G. directions, which will vary according to conditions encountered. Direc tions available on request. See sialcment under Sabinite Trowel Finish for results of redecoration tests. Colors. Available in White only. SABINITE Acoustical Plasters are ordered on a yardage basis . *. sufficient material is pro* vtded for application to a thickness of Vi inch. All standard colors are immediately available. Sound Absorption Data LOaJ Sabinite Type Thickness 128 256 512 1024 2048 4096 NRC Authority i Trowel Finish ("M") Vi inch .18 .24 .45 .78 .85 .83 .60 National Bur. of Stds. Float Finish ("F") Vi inch .19 .22 .43 .80 .75 .75 .55 National Bur. of Stds. "38"........................... Vi inch .25 .26 .32 .60 .76 .50 Riverbank Lab. 20 *tj o o UJ o o The finest of finishing limesl Produced by exclusive U.S.G. patented process... for hand or mechanical mixer... requires no more than 1 5 minutes mixing on the job. Highly plastic, easy working, pure white . . . smooth, hard finish when properly mixed with gauging plaster ... requires 12 hours soaking for a plastic putty. Long known as a quality product . . . proper slaking and aging determine jab results. Age at least 16 hours before using to obtain maximum plasticity. Double Hydrated Finishing Lime Brand Ivory Type Material Dolomitic Double Hydrate Hydrated Finishing Lime Brand Grand Prize Red Top Red Top Red Top Type Material Dolomitic Hydrate Dolomitic Hydrate High Calcium Hydrate High Calcium Hydrate Finishing Quicklime Brand Red Top Red Top Red Top Type Material High Calcium Quicklime High Calcium Quicklime High Calcium Quicklime U.S.G. Mfg. Mill Genoa, Ohio U.S.G. Mfg. Mill Genoa, Ohio Genoa, Ohio Farnams, Mass. New Braunfels, Tex. U.S.G. Mfg. Mill Evans, Wash. New Braunfels, Tex. Farnams, Mass. Size Container SO lbs. Approximate Coverage per ton 700 yds. Size Container 50 lbs. 50 and 25 lbs. 50 lbs. 50 lbs. Approximate Coverage per ton 700 yds. 700 yds. 700 yds. 700 yds. Size Container 60 lbs. 50 lbs. 80 lbs. Approximate Coverage per ten 1000 yds. 1000 yds. 1000 yds. Finishing 21 The purpose of finishing lime is to provide plasticity and bulk to the finish coat. Lime, hoivever, does not set, is subject to considerable shrinkage when drying, and will not produce a hard finish when used alone. For these reasons it is mixed with gypsum gauging plaster to provide hardness and resistance to shrink age. For complete description of USG gauging plasters see page 16. USG finishing limes are manufactured under carefullv controlled processes. Dolomitic hydrates from the northwestern Ohio fields, where U.S.G. operates the largest finishing lime plant in the world, are preferred because of the high purity, whiteness, plasticity, smooth ness and excellence of the finish they produce. Since the development of dolomitic double hydrated finish ing lime there is a growing preference for this type. IVORY Double Hydrated Finishing Lime Double hydrate is the finest achievement in finishing limes. As produced by patented U.S.G. methods under the new autoclave process it produces a completely hydrated, highly plastic putty. This permits soaking by either hand or mechanical mixing, speeds up job oper ations, and assures freedom from further expansion due to subsequent hydration of the finish plaster. Ivory Double Hydrated Finishing Lime is the stand ard of excellence for modern, durable walls and ceilings. Smooth, easy working putty is developed without long soaking. Use 0)2-6 gal. water per 50 lb. bag of lime, sifting the lime into the water. Mix thoroughly in a mechanical mixer; or hoe in a box, screen, and the putty is ready for use. If overnight soaking is desired. sift lime into the water using same amount as indi cated above; screen putty before using. For the finish coat, blend together gypsum gauging plaster and lime putty exactly as shown for regular hydrated finishing lime. Meets ASTM Designation C206-49 type S, and Federal Specification SS-L-351 type F, including the added requirement of not more than 8% unhydrated oxides. GRAND PRIZE and RED TOP Hydrated Finishing Lime Highly plastic, easy working, pure white, Red Top and Grand Prize hydrated finishing limes provide ex tremely smooth, hard finishes when properly mixed with gauging plaster. For proper results, soak hydrated finishing lime 12 hours (overnight) in box using 6-6)2 gal. of water per 50 lb. bag of lime. Blend together gypsum gauging plaster and lime putty in the propor tion of 1 part gauging plaster to 3 parts lime putty by volume (1 part dry gauging plaster to 2 parts dry lime by weight). Meets ASTM Designation C6-49 type N, and Federal Specification SS-L-351, type F. RED TOP Finishing Quicklime. Because it is smooth, easy working and economical. Red Top Finishing Quicklime is known as a quality product. Proper slak ing and aging determine job results. Slake with 15 gal. of water per 50 lb. bag (18 gal. per 60 lb. bag), screen, and store in aging box for at least 16 hours before using. Add gauging plaster in the same proportions as with hydrated finishing lime. Meets ASTM Designation C5-26 and Federal Specification SS-Q-351. Lime putty ring is formed and water placed in center. Gauging is sifted into water and thoroughly blended. GP003 0022 22 ` gOVilf-MT!HTI MASONS LIME Double Hydrate Hydrate Quicklime For masonry mortar, masons lime is generally mixed with Portland cement and sand in varying proportions, depend ing on the strength and work ability desired. Hydrated or double hydrated lime is also used as an admix in concrete to increase workability and water-resistance. Recommended Mortar Mixes (Portland Cement-Lime-Sand, by volume) Above grade 1-2-9 Below grade 1-1-6 gUlV>*1110 MASONS QUICKLIME ,,,,,, mm <* " J Specialized use Abnormal strength 1-2-7 to 8 1-1-4 to 5 Excessive continuous moisture conditions 1- V4-3 Cl v ^4 6 <jj o o NJ Ul MORTASEAL Double Hydrated Masons Lime--Th latest development in building lime. Requires no soak ing as it develops its maximum plasticity immediately Its superior working qualities, water retention prop erties and maximum sand carrying capacity assure higl quality, economical masonry mortar. Mix by volumi with portland cement, sand and water to specific proportion. Meets ASTM Designation C207-49 type S and Federal Specification SS-L-351, type M, including the added requirement of not more than 8% un hydrated oxides. Advantages of using Mortaseal double hydrated lime in masonry mortars: Easier working -- MORTASEAL transforms mixes with cement and sand into plastic, smooth-working, uniform mortar. Better bond -- Plastic Mortaseal in mortar makes it easier to get full joints and maximum bond bee it retains water remarkably well and stiffens slowly. Weather-resistant-- Full joints and proper bond help produce walls that repel rain, snow, ice and wind. Lower cost -- Maximum sand-carrying capacity, less retempering, faster construction and easier laving--all these factors add up to lower cost for finished walls. Better walls--Exceptional plasticity, remarkable waterretention, adaptability to volume changes, slow stiffen ing and better bond--all help to produce better masonry walls. RED TOP Masons Hydrate--The smooth working qual ities of Red Top Masons Flydrated Lime increase the plasticity and adhesive properties of portland cementlime-sand mortars. Full plasticity is developed bv soak ing to putty overnight, using approximately 6H gal. water per 50-lb. bag. Mix with portland cement, sand and water hy volume in specified proportions. Meets ASTM Designation C207-49 type N, and Federal Speci fication SS-L-351. Type M. RED TOP Masons Quicklime--Uniform qualitv quick lime with high putty yield and excellent plasticitv. Im proves the working quality and sand-carrvina capacitv of masonry mortars. After slaking it is best to ane pul verized and ground quicklimes at least 16 hours before using. Mix with portland cement, sand anti water bv volume in specified proportions. Meets ASTM Desig nation Co-26 and Federal Specification SS-Q-351. RED TOP General Purpose Hydrated Lime--Spe cially processed for consumer use around the home and on the farm. Ideal for such purposes as soil sweet ening of lawns and gardens, whitewash, sanitation around barns, etc. Attractively packaged and shipped in convenient master containers. Masons 23 >ouble Hydrated Masons Lime Srand !TASEAL Type Material Dolomitic Double Hydrate Use Masons U.S.G. Mfg. Mill Genoa, Ohio Size Container 50 lbs. Approx. Putty Yield Per Ton 45 cu. ft. Masons Hydrate Brand Tor Tor Top jw Drift Type Material Dolomitic Hydrate High Calcium Hydrate High Calcium Hydrate Use Masons Masons Masons U.S.G. Mfg. Mill Genoa, Ohio Evans, Wash. & Famams, Mass. Size Container 50 lbs. Approx. Putty Yield Per Ton 45 cu. ft. 50 lbs. 45 cu. ft. New Braunfels, Texas 50 lbs. 45 cu. ft. Masons Quicklime Brand Top i Top i Top Type Material High Calcium High Calcium High Calcium Grind Pulverized Pulverized, Fine Grain, Super Fine Pulverized, Pebble Use U.S.G. Mfg. Mill Masons Evans, Wash. Size Container 60 lbs. Approx. Putty Yield Per Ton 85-90 cu. ft. Masons Famams, Mass. 80 lbs. 85-90 cu. ft. Masons New Braunfels, Texas 80 lbs. 85-90 cu. ft. General Purpose Hydrated Lime Brand 3 Top d Top d Top d Top Type Material Dolomitic Double Hydrate High Calcium Hydrate High Calcium Hydrate High Calcium Hydrate Use General Purpose General Purpose General Purpose General Purpose U.S.G. Mfg. Mill Genoa, Ohio Evans, Wash. Size Container 5, 10, 25 lbs. 5, 1 0 lbs. Farnams, Mass. 5, 10 lbs. New Braunfels, Texas 5, 10 lbs. Neutralizing Power 140 126 126 126 Agricultural and Spray Hydrate ** r T J RED TOP agricultural hydrate is used for soil sweetening and general sanitation purposes. RED TOP spray hydrotes are used for mixing insecticides and fungicides, and may also be used for dusting. Brand D Top :D Top Type Material Dolomitic Hydrate High Calcium Hydrate Use U.S.G. Mfg. Mill Neutraliz ing Power Agriculture Genoa, Ohio 160 Famams, Mass, and Agriculture New Braunfels, Texas 126 Soil Coverage per 100 lbs. 3000 sq. ft. 3000 sq. ft. rs p w P GP003 002*1 24 a "5 O o u> e Because of variations in market practices, aggregates, plaster bases, weather and workmanship, this chart has been prepared to assist in the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of job problems. o NJ U" SYMPTOM** CONDITION 1. Connected vertical and horizontal cracks at somewhat reguior intervals, often in "stepped" pattern. 2. Cracks oround and over openings. 3. Fine cracks, random pattern usually leu than 12' opart. Map cracks Crazing Chip cracks Fine crocks 4. Crock at wall or ceiling ongles. 5. Ceiling cracks not due to ony of the above causes, or to structural failures. 1. Water soluble mildew-like fuzz on surface generally white but may be colored. Can be brushed off. 2. Streaky discolorations. 3. Streaked--joinings show. "Slobbers.** 4. Light ond dark spots due to causes other than "dry out." 5. "Pops'--peak-like projec tions which foil out molting fitlle craters or pits; often with fine radial cracks. 6. Some as (5) above except pit is discolored ton or greenish tan. 7. Blisters (do not confuse with (5) above). 8. Uneven color (not due to texture shadows). 9. Uneven color--light, or "flat" spots in light colors (See 13 below). 10. Uneven color--dork colors. 11. Yellow surface stains-- "yellowing." 1 2. Paint peels (new work). MATERIALS Piaster over any sheet lath: fiber, metoi, or gypsum. CAUSE Pioster too thin. Weak plaster. Lath not properly applied. REMEDY OR PREVENTION Apply another coat of plaster. See "Weak Soft Walls" opposite page. Apply Metal Lath and roplaster. Piaster over brick day tile, Lintel construction is poor. gypsum tile or cement block Improper door buck construction. Plaster over gypsum lath and other bases (except rarely metoi lath). Pioster too thin. Weak plaster. Failure to use Striploth. Expansion of wood fromes. Cracks in gouged lime putty over gypsum base coat. Insufficient gouging piaster. Base coat too wet or too dry when finished. Insufficient trowelling. Slow set gouging plaster. Cracks in base coat over brick, clay tile, gypsum tile or cement block. Shrinkage due to high suction. Undersonding of base coat. Plaster over gypsum lath. Thin plaster coot, or failure to use Cornerite, or poor lumber in framing. Plaster over brick, day tile or gypsum tile. Plaster on metoi lath or gypsum lath. Failure to wedge of ceiling, or to interlock or tie walls together. Metal lath too light, not lapped or not properly tied. Thermal shock. Plaster on metoi lath or gyp sum lath on channel frame. Bose coot or finish plaster over concrete, brick, or clay tile. Improper spacing of channels. Thermal shock. Efflorescence. As mosonry units dry out, woter-soluble soils from the masonry are being deposited on the surface of the pioster. Ume finishes gauged with gauging piaster or with Keene* Cement. Lime and gouging not thoroughly mixed. Too much water used in trowelling. Efflorescence from masonry. Dirty tools or djrty water. Gypsum trowel finish. Float finish. Improper trowelling--too much water on brush. Dirty water. Improper floating or too much water used in Boating. Variable suction in basecoat. Lime base coats and finish. Unslaked lime in mortar which slakes and swells after it is applied. Remedy--patch. Prevention--follow manufacturers* specifications. Apply onother coat of plaster. See "Weak Soft Walls" opposite page. Cut out and repair. Prime frames--cut basecoat free of ground. Strip off finish ond replaster with correct mix. Strip off finish and reHnith over partially dry basecoat. Wafer trowel sufficiently. Add moulding piaster or accelerator to gauging. Sproy woter on mosonry to reduce suction. Remove plaster and repiaster with correct mix after adjusting suction. Cut out and patch. Add Cornerite if pouible. Prevent by correct construction. Prevented by following manufacturers* specifications. Control job temperatures from sudden change. Prevent by proper spacing. Prevent by job temperature control. Eliminate source of moisture, furr, lath, and repiaster. Prevented by thorough mixing. Remedied by pointing with white TEXOUTE Imperial point. Paint with white TEXOUTE Imperial Paint. See condition 1, above. Wash tools ond obtain clean water. Remedied by pointing as above. Point with white TEXOUTE Imperial paint. Point with TEXOUTE Imperial paint to get uniform color. Oampen basecoat uniformly. Remove core of "pops" and patch. Prevented by using double hydrated lime. . j * Gypsum base coats ond finishes. Gauged lime putty finish. Gypsum trowel finish. Interior colored plaster finishes. Oil paint over gauged lime putty finish. Any colored point over any plaster finish. Any finish over any pioster base. Oil paint over any finish. Retarder spots. Lumpy or undissolved retarder added at job. Retarder lumps swell or "pop" when wet. Bose too green, insufficient suction; or too much woter used in trowelling. Finish lime loo plastic. Base coat too wet when finish applied. Uneven absorption of base coat, or too much woter used in finishing, or dirty box and tools, or variation in water content of successive botches. Finish not dry. Painted too soon after plastering (olkati in lime saponifies paint); or, pigment not lime-proof. Color variation due to non-uniform 1 absorption. Binder strikes in unevenly. Contaminated sond. Burning green wood in fireplace. Open gas heaters not vented to outside. Tar poper bock of piaster base. Creosote treated framing lumber, tor, or tar derivatives used oround job. Weak finish (worked thru set). Plaster not dry when painted. Cut out spots and patch. Prevented by screening retarder thru 40 mesh screen. After finish hos "set," trowel with very little water. Cut putty with small omount fine white sand or increase amount of gauging plaster. After finish begins to "set," trowel with very little water. Prevented by following specifications. Remedied by painting with TEXOUTE Imperiol point. < ; ^ ! 1 Ventilate to dry wall properly. Repaint with TEXOUTE primer ond TEXOUTE point. i Apply TEXOUTE Seoler ond repaint. Prevent by using dean sand. Improve draft to stop smoke. Vent heaters to outside. J 1 Use asphalt paper. Avoid source of air contamination. 1 Seal with TEXOUTE Sealer. Redecorate. Patch with patching piaster and paint with TEXOUTE point. Repaint after oreos ore completely dry and ! loose paint removed. ' v > j \ i * 1 ______ . CONDITION 1. Soft, whif, chalky surfacts, occurring during hot, dry weother, usually near openings. MATERIALS Gypsum base coat ever any ploster base. 2. Soft, dork, damp surfacts occurring during damp waathar. Gypsum base coat over any plaster base. 3. Soft (exactly as 2 above), but occurring in freezing weather. 4. Soft, weak waU._Condition general--not spotty nor due to slow set. 5. Soft, weak walL Gypsum base coot over any piaster base. Gypsum base coat over any piaster base. Gypsum trowel finish over any base coat. 6. Soft, weak walL 1. Separating from piaster base. 2. Separating from plaster base. Gauged lime putty finish over any base. Gypsum piaster over gypsum lath or fiber insulating lath. Gypsum piaster over metal lath. 3. Separating from piaster base. Gypsum plaster over masonry. 4. Separating from piaster base. 5. Finish separating from brown coat. Gypsum piaster over concrete. Gypsum bond piaster over concrete. Gauged lime putty finish over gypsum brown coat. 6. Finish separating from brown coot. Gypsum float and trowel finish over gypsum brown coat. 7. Finish jeporoting from brown coat. I. Soft walls for over 6 hours after application. Colored interior finishes over brown coat. Gypsum bose coat over any piaster base. 2. Sets in box or sets on woil before it ear* be dorbied or straightened. Gypsum base coot over any bose. 3. Works hard or "short." Will not spread. Does not carry proper amount of sond. 4. Works hard or "short." Will not spread. 5. Tough and short working, rubbery or lumpy lime putty. Gypsum bose coat over any piaster base. Gypsum base coat over ony plaster base. Gouged lime putty over gypsum base coat. 6. Lock of uniformity in set. 7. Finish works hard. Gouged iime putty over gypsum base coat. Gypsum finishes over Remedies o T) o o tjj o o NJ O' 25 CAUSE t.. f out. Too much ventilation has re* moved water before piaster could set. Sweot-out. Too little ventilation has allowed water to remain in wail after plaster set. Some of plaster has re-dissolved. Frexen piaster. REMEDY OR PREVENTION Remedy--Persistent spraying will set-up the dry out areas. Prevention--Screen openings in hat, dry weather and spray during setting period if necessary. Remedy--Dry the wells with heat and ventilation. Prevention--Heat and ventilate os soon os ploster hos set. Close building, supply heat. When plaster hos set, continue heat and ventilate. Use of too much aggregate. No remedy. Prevent by use of proper amount of aggregate- Dry-out or retempered finish. Insufficient gouging ploster, retempered moteriaL or insufficient trowelling. Too much aggregate, freezing, or addition of lime or portland cement. If dry-out treat as condition (I) above. Trowel well when set. If retempered, no remedy except tear off and reflnish. No remedy except to remove finish and replaster. No remedy except to replaster. Toe much aggregate. freezing. lack of fiber. Excessive suction. Masonry non-absorbent; hos glazed surface. Efflorescence. Use of ordinary gypsum piaster. Replaster with correct mix. Thaw ond allow to set ond dry, or repioster. Replaster with more fiber added, or use extra flbered piaster. Dampen masonry surfaces. No remedy. Prevent by hacking masonry surface. Eliminate source of moisture. Furr, iath and replaster. Remove ond replaster with BONDCRETE. Surface oily, too smooth, dirty, or efflorescing. Brown coat toe smooth, too dry, too wet or too weak; finish improperly applied; incomplete hydration of finish lime. Brown coat too smooth. Brown coat too dry. Brown coat too weak. Finish improperly applied. Brown coat not broomed. Thin finish not ground in. Brown coat too weak. Dry-out, sweat-out, frozen plaster, over-sanding, sand too fine, or dirfy sand. Slow set due to error in manufacture. Slow set due to poor sand or poor water. Quick set due to dirty water, tools and mixing equipment. Mixing too long. Quick set due to poor sand. Quick set due to error in manufacture. Quick set due to mochine mixing. Aged or badly stored plaster. Remove ploster. Clean ond roughen surface. Replaster. Where brown coat is cause, strip off finish, correct condition of brown coat and repiaster. Where finish is cause, reflnish properly using completely hydrated lime. Roughen brown coat. Dampen brown coot until half green. Strip down to lath and replaster. Apply as directed. Roughen brown coat and reflnish. Finish following application directions. Correct condition of bose coat and re-flnish. See "Weak, Soft Walls" above. Send samples to manufacturers' representative. Obtoin good sand and water or accelerate plaster. Use clean water, tools, equipment. Reduce mixing time. Use good washed sand or add retarder. Add retarder. Send samples to manufacturers' representative. Add retorder. Get fresh ploster, or use equal parts fresh and oged ploster, or use less sand. Over-sanding. Correct conditions using proper proportions. Old material partially carbonated; warehoused too long. Improper soaking, oging or slaking. Low temperatures. Unusual temperatures. Improper gouging. Mixed too stiff. No remedy. Can be used for masons lime. No remedy. Prevented by proper preparation. Do not soak at temperatures below 40 F. Use quick set gouging or heol building in cold weather. Use slow set gauging in hat weather. Use proper type and amount of gauging plaster. Use more water. 26 o a a o Ul o >) USG Plastering Bases and Plastering. Systems tried and tested essentials for successful wall and ceiling construction Covered up, hidden from sight by base coat piaster, finish coat and decoration in the com pleted job, the plaster base and the partition structure must be RIGHT or the job may go wrong. Through almost fifty years of constant research, the United States Gypsum Company has devel oped the plaster base materials and partition construction methods best suited to every situation. ROCKLATH plaster base--plain, perforated or in sulating--is today the most widely used plastering base. Metal lath -- including USG COLOR-RITE metal lath--is second in variety of uses and vol ume produced. USG PYROBAR, precast gypsum partition tile, precision molded and 30 to 50% lighter than comparable products, is the ideal partition and plaster base material for some types of installation, such as large office buildings. Hol low partitions for concealing pipes, ducts, etc., are best made by USG TRUSSTEEL Studs supporting USG Color-Rite metal lath or ROCKLATH. For maximum savings in floor space, the USG 2" Solid Partition Systems are increasingly favored by pro gressive architects and builders. There is a tried and tested U.S.G. wall construc tion system and material for every type of job.